RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA

www.iita.org

RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA

BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA

Ousmane BoukarCowpea breeder, IITA Kano

www.iita.org

OUTLINE

• Introduction

• Cowpea Production Constraints

• Breeding Goal

• Achievements from Core Activities

• Achievements from Projects Activities

• Proposed Activities for the next 2 years

• Conclusion

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INTRODUCTION

• Cowpea, Vigna

unguiculata, is an

important grain legume:

• -generates a source of

economic livelihood

• - provides nutritional well-

being for millions of farmers

and urban consumers

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Some Characteristics of Cowpea

• Adapted to poor soil fertility and very little

rainfall

• shade tolerant (intercropping systems)

• ground cover (moisture, weeds, soil

erosion)

• Induce suicidal germination of Striga

hermonthica

• Increase soil fertility (N fixation)

www.iita.org

Main utilization of Cowpea

• Young leaves , green pod and fresh grain

as vegetable

• Grain as moi-moi, kosai

and bean cake

• Haulms as fodder for animal

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41%

38%

7% 3%

2%

2%

Nigeria

Niger

Burkina Faso

Mali

Senegal

Tanzania

Myanmar

Kenya

RDC

Cameroon

Malawi

Uganda

Others

59%

14%

8%

3%

3%4%

TOTAL COWPEA PRODUCTION

TOTAL AREA UNDER COWPEA

9,658,243 ha

3,865,257 t

AVERAGE DATA 97-07

Source: FAOSTAT

www.iita.org

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

Yie

ld (

kg

/ha

)

1

Countries

World Average Best Yield

Croatia

Trinidad

Serbia

Macedonia

Serbia

Palestiane

Egypt

Cyprus

Bosnia

USA

Jamaica

Uganda

Sri Lanka

Cameroon

Philippines

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Yie

ld (

kg

/ha

)

1

Countries

Africa Best YieldUganda

Cameroon

Madagascar

Malawi

Nigeria

South Africa

Congo

Burkina Faso

Swaziland

Kenya

Tanzania

Mauritania

Mali

Senegal

Niger

Yield comparison

1149.44 kg/ha 462.82 kg/haSource: FAOSTAT

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COWPEA PRODUCTION

CONSTRAINTS

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1.INSECTS

S.M

Aphid

Thrip

Maruca

C.F-MT

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S.M

S.M

Pod sucking bug

Bruchid

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2. Diseases

Source: Cowpea Pests and Disease

Pustule

Bacterial diseases

Blight

B.O

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Viral diseases

CSMV

CYMV

CAbMV

CGYMV

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Fungal diseases


Anthracnose

Cercospora Leafspot

Rust

Smut

Pod rot

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3. Parasitic weeds

Striga gesnerioidesAlectra

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Source: UCR

4. Nematodes

5. Drought

6. Phosphorus

UCR

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BREEDING GOAL

• To develop improved lines with:

– high yield potential,

– tolerance/resistance to both biotic and

abiotic stresses

– grain characteristics preferred by

consumers and producers

www.iita.org

• Development of new cowpea lines with

a range of– maturity (extra-early, early, medium, late)

– plant type (erect, semi-erect, prostrate)

– seed quality (color, texture, size)

– disease/insect resistance

– parasitic weed resistance (Striga, Alectra)

– adaptability (drought, heat, moisture)

www.iita.org

CORE BREEDING ACTIVITIES

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Germplasm characterization

A systematic evaluation of

the germplasm accessions

for the identification of

useful genes for cowpea

improvement

- Core collection:1976 +99

- Mini core collection: 343 +15

Source: UCR

www.iita.org

Cowpea collection origin

: + 15 113 accessions.

71% collected in Africa

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MAIN OBJECTIVE

• Identify additional sources of resistance genes

– Introgression of these genes into existing improved lines

– Creation of populations for the identification/validation of molecular markers

www.iita.org

0 0.1

IT84S-2246

BB86-3

CB46

IT93K-503-1

524-B

IT84S-2049

Bambey 21

Mouride

Danila

Tvu-7778

Yacine

58-77

CB27

24-125-B-1

IT95K-207-15IT90K-284-2

IT98K-498-1

IT97K-569-9

IT85F-867-5

IT98K-428-2

IT97K-499-38IT97K-499-4

IT93K-93-10

IT95M-309-1

IT98K-128-2

IT97K-317-12

IT95K-1105-5

IT98K-558-1

IT97K-819-132

IT98K-437-1

TVu-13950

TVu-14862

TVu-16368

TVu-12897

TVu-15400

CB5

TVu-15445

TVu-15687

TVu-16528

TVu-1886

IT97K-1069-2

TVu-16521

TVu-15973

TVu-14237

TVu-15411

TVu-14272

TVu-16486

TVu-14248

UCR 41

TVu-16403

TVu-1609

IT97K-499-35-1-1

TVu-16408IT97K-461-4-1-1

UCR 2563

PI 418979

TVu-9393

TVu-2680

TVu-12746

TVu-12923TVu-12968

TVu-53

TVu-14224

TVu-109

TVu-13939

TVu-15610

TVu-759

TVu-6464

TVu-16504

TVu-15500

TVu-639

TVu-6439

SH-50-17-9-1-1

TVu-15976

SH-49-10-4-1-1

TVu-14875

TVu-1037

TVu-10513

TVu-4622

TVu-2548-1

TVu-4557

TVu-8877

TVu-16304

TVu-9468

TVu-12710

UCR 707

TVu-6855

TVu-14190

TVu-15251

TVu-16465

TVu-15742

TVu-8464

TVu-5444

TVu-9357

TVu-9391

TVu-6641

TVu-12937

TVu-9557

TVu-8656

TVu-9556

TVu-8631

TVu-9522

TVu-10466TVu-9256

TVu-6663

TVu-9620

TVu-7719

TVu-9866

TVu-1477

IT95K-1479

IT98K-128-4

IT95M-190

ApagbaalaKVx61-1-1

IT95K-1491

IT86F-2014-1

IT93K-2046

IT85F-3139

TVu-3346

Melakh

Ife Brown

TVu-3282

B22-Valenga

58-53

IT97K-556-6

TVu-8

IT93K-693-2

TVu-2252

TVu-1059

TVu-2971

TVu-1656

TVu-3107

TVu-3657

TVu-2968

TVu-946

TVu-13778

TVu-3360

TVu-3043

TVu-1280

TVu-13958

TVu-6837

TVu-1556

TVu-2449

TVu-43

TVu-2845

TVu-9474

TVu-13388

TVu-12873

TVu-1715

TVu-4632

TVu-2933

TVu-12802

Mougne

IT95M-311

N'diambour

IT95K-1093-5

SASAQUE

TVu-7614

TVu-8262

TVu-4316

TVu-3969

TVu-3965

TVu-3817TVu-3804

TVu-7647

TVu-9801

TVu-10005

TVu-11610

TVu-4328

TVu-10100

TVu-4545

TVu-4669

TVu-5500

TVu-7625

TVu-5609TVu-7382TVu-5957

TVu-5874

TVu-7325

TVu-7290

TVu-6365

Tvu-8389

TVu-7739

TVu-7684

TVu-10973

TVu-10179

TVu-6644

TVu-7127

TVu-6493

TVu-10394

TVu-10892

TVu-10366

TVu-10835

TVu-10362

TVu-10952

TVu-12526

TVu-12565

TVu-12804

TVu-9259

TVu-9469

TVu-7155

TVu-4783TVu-5721

TVu-7559

TVu-8059

TVu-8072

TVu-8082

TVu-12432

TVu-8641TVu-8622TVu-8612

TVu-6968

TVu-6947

TVu-6824

TVu-6959

TVu-6994

TVu-6643

TVu-10687

TVu-10408

TVu-10559

TVu-10545

TVu-6477

TVu-3736

TVu-2168

TVu-870

TVu-16449

TVu-1016

TVu-2322

TVu-2185

TVu-1000

TVu-1916

TVu-889

TVu-969

TVu-1780

TVu-1775

TVu-3389

TVu-15945

TVu-16722

TVu-15982

TVu-3652

TVu-467

TVu-3076

TVu-1583

TVu-2769

TVu-15926

TVu-1330

TVu-15861TVu-15860

TVu-1124

TVu-1334TVu-2736TVu-13437

TVu-2606

TVu-2500

TVu-15114

TVu-13271

TVu-13305

TVu-14992

TVu-13463

TVu-14890

TVu-14856

TVu-14195

TVu-14539

TVu-14535

TVu-14406

TVu-15694TVu-15775

TVu-15487

TVu-15468TVu-84

TVu-8673

TVu-8775

TVu-8779TVu-8812TVu-8834TVu-8838

TVu-9031TVu-8934

TVu-8923 TVu-9265

TVu-15426

TVu-9073

TVu-9234

TVu-9257

TVu-9095

TVu-5498

TVu-4923

TVu-4823

TVu-4943 TVu-8702

TVu-1036

TVu-393TVu-456

TVu-15299

TVu-15143

TVu-578

TVu-408

TVu-14769

TVu-6356TVu-7971

TVu-15878TVu-945

TVu-14759

TVu-9848

TVu-9651

TVu-3842

TVu-9506TVu-16514

TVu-3830

TVu-1004

TVu-972

TVu-4535

TVu-8671TVu-8713

TVu-2548

TVu-2398

TVu-3310

TVu-3156

TVu-374

TVu-201

TVu-3745

TVu-5466

TVu-5307TVu-5018

TVu-16237

TVu-5415

TVu-16253

TVu-16278

TVu-264

TVu-15995

TVu-132

TVu-14321TVu-14683TVu-14691

TVu-14345TVu-14970

TVu-14346TVu-14393TVu-14401

TVu-14633

TVu-9516

TVu-7798

TVu-8123

TVu-1536

TVu-113TVu-1637

TVu-3552

TVu-3565

TVu-4030TVu-4696

TVu-4760

TVu-4984

TVu-6782

TVu-6966

TVu-7991

TVu-9237

TVu-10754

TVu-10910

TVu-14632

TVu-14635

TVu-15315

TVu-15913

TVu-16594TVu-15391

TVu-15037TVu-14949

TVu-9508

TVu-16251

TVu-13979

TVu-15639

TVu-15636

TVu-9492

TVu-14971

TVu-8464

TVu-1609

TVu-2280

TVu-415

IT96D-602

IT98D-1399

IT99K-241-2

IT98K-589-2

IT98K-555-1

TVu-2418

TVu-16220

TVu-8516 TVu-16574

TVu-16461

TVu-14321

TVu-15112

TVu-13965

TVu-5443

TVu-15112

TVu-4808

TVu-21

TVu-5473TVu-8883

TVu-7755

TVu-6968

TVu-14253

TVu-14172

TVu-16430

TVu-15591

TVu-16722

TVu-16505

TVu-9676TVu-9749

TVu-10513

TVu-10918

TVu-15653

TVu-1811

TVu-16269

TVu-2723

TVu-13968

B 301

TVu-4761

TVu-5828

TVu-2027

TVu-13485

TVu-523

TVu-14621

TVu-13035

TVu-13017

TVu-9486TVu-4711

IT96D-610

UCR 830

Lori Niebe

Suvita-2

KVx 403-P-20-T

KVx 421-25

Petite-n-green

UCR 11

Montiero

IT86D-1010

IT89KD-288

IT94K-437-1

IT95K-207-21

IT83D-442Iron Clay

Early Scarlet

CC-110-1

Cameroon 12-58

French Bean

IT99K-407-8

UCR 193

UCR 3399

IT98K-1111-1

CC-27

IT99K-124-5

UCR 4539

IAR/8-4-5-1

LB 90LB 80

Prima

UCR 1340

UCR 288

IT00K-901-6

UCR 5164TVx-3236

TVu-3947

UCR 5329

UCR 24

IT98K-317

IT98K-698-2IT98K-428-3

IT95K-1090-2

IT82E-18

Vya

58-57

Cameroon 7-29CRSP Niebe

Tvu-14533

CC-36

UCR 739

IT98K-205-8

Gorum Local

KVx 396-4-5-20

UCR 5162UCR 5174

TVNu-463

Vita 7

IT99K-573-2-1

IT00K-1207

IT97K-819-118

IT03K-324-9IT03K-351-1

IT97K-1069-6

IT99K-1122

IT04K-405-5

IT98K-1263

IT00K-898-5

IT03K-378-4

IT99K-216-44

IT98K-1092-2

IT99K-7-21-2-2

Tvu-14676

LB 30 # 1LB 1162 # 7

Genetic diversity map

Green – IITA Breeding line

Black – accession or land lace

Pink– Senegal

Red– Burkina Faso

Blue–UCR

Source: UCR

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PRELIMINARY FINDINGS

Minimum Maximum

First flower (d) 26 100

50% Flowering (d) 35 119

95% Maturity (d) 57 142

Grain Yield (g/plt) 0 270

Fodder Yield (g/plt) 1.3 850

www.iita.org

Number entries for each maturity group

41

836

521 525

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

Extra Early Early Medium Late

www.iita.org

Number of disease free accessions

1251

1791

82 90

1269

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Striga Fusarium Smut Bacterial

blight

Virus

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SEGREGATING POPULATIONS

• Parental germplasm selection

• About 200 crosses and backcrosses annually

• Management of segregating population

– 323 in 2007

– 226 in 2008

– 477 in 2009

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INITIAL EVALUATION TRIAL

• F6-F7 group according to maturity, seed

type

• About 50 lines annually into extra early,

early, medium and late

– 155 lines in 2007

– 320 lines in 2008

– 165 lines in 2009

www.iita.org

• Evaluated in single replication in 3

locations

– Samaru in the NGS (1000 mm)

– Minjibir in the SS (700 mm)

– Toumnia in the S (350 mm)

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PRELIMINARY VARIETAL TRIALS

• Promising lines from IETs:

– Extra-early, Early, Medium and Late

• 40 lines each

• 3-4 replications in 4 locations: Ibadan in

the transition zone (1500mm)

www.iita.org

Number of entries in PVT

2007- 2009

Trials 2007 2008 2009

Early 16 60 25

Medium 36 60 65

Late 36 70 60

Total 88 190 150

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ADVANCED VARIETAL TRIAL

• Promising lines from PVT:


• 25 lines each

• 3-4 replications in 4 locations: Ibadan,

Samaru, Minjibir and Toumnia

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Number of entries in AVT

from 2007-2009

Trials 2007 2008 2009

Extra early 20 25 20

Early 20 25 20

Medium 25 20 20

Late/dual

purpose

25 25 25

Total 90 85 85

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Mean Grain Yield of extra early promising cowpea breeding lines in four locations

Variety Minjibir Samaru Ibadan Toumnia Mean IT06K-135 1761 1782 735 1938 1554.0 IT07K-187-72 1525 1718 1476 1266 1496.3 IT07K-188-49 1429 1426 1110 1732 1424.3 IT06K-134 1680 1327 999 1516 1380.5 IT06K-157-1 1858 1334 780 1364 1334.0 IT96D-610 1203 1572 796 1749 1330.0 IT07K-303-1 1607 829 1044 1766 1311.5 Achishiru 941 1083 549 543 779.0

Mean 1263 1096.0 808.0 1229.0

SED 327.700 404.200 159.500 293.600

www.iita.org

Performance of extra early promising breeding

lines evaluated at Toumnia, 2008

Variety Grain Fodder D95%PM Virus B.Bli Smut Striga Maruca

IT06K-135 1938 2505 69 2 2 2 21 1

IT07K-187-72 1266 3674 77 2 1 1 13 1

IT07K-188-49 1732 2561 67 2 2 2 12 2

IT06K-134 1516 3062 67 2 2 2 7 2

IT06K-157-1 1364 2672 63 2 2 1 11 2

IT96D-610 1749 2505 69 2 2 4 13 2

IT07K-303-1 1766 3117 74 2 2 2 26 1

Achishiru 543 1392 63 2 2 2 13 1

Mean 1229.0 2768.0 70.1 1.9 1.8 1.7 11.6 1.4

SED 293.6 723.0 4.0 0.5 0.4 0.4 7.7 0.5

www.iita.org

Variety Grain D95%PM Virus B.Bli B.blo Sept Lscab Pscab Lrust stemrot Thr.

IT06K-135 1782 68 1 2 1 1 1 5 1 1 2

IT07K-187-72 1718 68 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 2

IT07K-188-49 1426 69 1 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 3

IT06K-134 1327 68 1 2 2 2 2 4 1 1 3

IT06K-157-1 1334 65 1 2 1 1 2 4 1 1 2

IT96D-610 1572 66 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 12

IT07K-303-1 829 71 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 1 3

Achishiru 1083 60 1 2 2 2 1 4 1 2 3

Mean 1096.0 67.3 1.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.8 2.9 1.3 1.2 3.0

SED 404.2 1.8 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.4 2.8

Performance of extra early promising lines

evaluated at Samaru 2008

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Mean Grain Yield of early promising cowpea

breeding lines at four locations 2008

Variety Minjibir Samaru Ibadan Toumnia Mean

IT07K-303-6 1432 1811 1115 1493 1463

IT06K-118-1 1768 1446 754 1487 1364

IT04K-332-1 1741 1034 618 2033 1357

IT04K-333-2 1533 1264 848 1730 1344

IT06K-124 1379 1555 875 1554 1341

IT06K-136 1744 1177 755 1672 1337

IT98K-573-1-1 1486 1338 843 1642 1327

Aloka Local 723 1180 805 1952 1165

Mean 1336.0 1198.0 748.0 1451.0

SED 281.3 357.0 178.1 324.3

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IT06K-149-1 2210 1555 856 1727 1587

IT07K-292-66 2002 1305 1401 1628 1584

IT03K-378-4 1736 873 1314 2010 1483

IT90K-277-2 1923 1061 1043 1792 1455

IT06K-273 1897 639 1297 1729 1391

IT06K-147-2 1820 771 1039 1903 1383

IT04K-221-1 2282 701 791 1542 1329

IT06K-128 1831 743 849 1810 1308

Danila 766 571 947 1204 872

Mean 1564.0 896.0 946.0 1592.0 1249.5

SED 291.3 199.4 161.5 223.6

Grain yield of medium maturing cowpea breeding

Lines evaluated at four locations 2008

www.iita.org


IT06K-139 2313 1203 852 1589 1489

IT98K-409-4 1859 1653 733 1667 1478

IT06K-116 1582 1135 1028 2064 1452

IT06K-111-1 1971 938 928 1610 1362

IT06K-264-2 1353 1135 1017 1873 1345

IT04K-321-2 1587 857 836 1965 1311

IT07K-297-15 1759 1081 685 1682 1302

IT06K-111 1463 1159 799 1650 1268

Kanannado 0 1013 737 0 438

Mean 1338.0 1024.0 874.0 1355.0 1147.8

SED 465.7 212 205.4 338.9

Grain Yield of promising late maturing

Cowpea breeding lines at 4 locations in 2008

www.iita.org

Variety Grain Fod D50%Fl Viru B.Bli Strig

IT06K-139 1589 2923 49 2 3 33

IT98K-409-4 1667 2227 45 2 2 2

IT06K-116 2064 3674 45 2 3 18

IT06K-111-1 1610 2394 43 2 2 10

IT06K-264-2 1873 3451 45 2 3 7

IT04K-321-2 1965 3451 54 2 3 1

IT07K-297-15 1682 2060 39 3 3 0

IT06K-111 1650 1865 41 2 3 6

Kanannado 0 3340 51 2 4 48

Mean 1355.0 2990.0 51.3 1.8 2.3 31.0

SED 338.9 1147 2.672 0.64 0.75 17.3

Performance of promising late maturing

Breeding lines at Toumnia 2008

www.iita.org

Variety Grain Fodder B.Bli Sept Lscab Pscab Lrust Alec Mar

IT06K-139 1203 696 1 3 1 2 1 0 2

IT98K-409-4 1653 1058 3 1 1 1 1 0 2

IT06K-116 1135 529 1 3 5 4 1 0 2

IT06K-111-1 938 362 2 4 5 4 1 4 3

IT06K-264-2 1135 501 1 5 2 2 1 0 2

IT04K-321-2 857 501 3 1 4 3 1 0 2

07K-297-15 1081 557 4 1 5 4 3 0 3

IT06K-111 1159 557 1 3 5 4 1 1 3

Kanannado 1013 223 2 2 2 2 2 1 2

Mean 1024.0 443.0 1.5 3.5 3.1 2.6 1.4 0.4 2.4

SED 212 204.7 0.47 0.26 0.698 0.52 0.63 0.81 0.65


Breeding lines at Samaru 2008

www.iita.org

Variety Grain Fodde D50%F D95%PM Viru Bbli Smu Stri Mar

IT06K-139 2313 5316 51 83 2 1 4 4 5

IT98K-409-4 1859 4648 48 82 2 1 2 0 4

IT06K-116 1582 5622 44 80 2 1 4 1 4

IT06K-111-1 1971 5260 39 74 2 1 4 1 3

IT06K-264-2 1353 6903 46 80 2 1 4 1 4

IT04K-321-2 1587 5901 57 86 2 1 5 0 4

07K-297-15 1759 1559 39 66 2 2 4 0 2

IT06K-111 1463 5845 41 74 2 1 3 0 3

Kanannado 0 5344 53 85 3 1 4 0 5

Mean 1338 5534.0 52.7 84.9 1.9 1.1 3.6 1.6 4.3

SED 465.7 816 1.658 1.436 0.41 0.3 0.45 1.41 0.43


Breeding lines at Minjibir 2008

www.iita.org

Variety Grain Fodder D50%Fl Bbli Cercos

IT06K-139 852 1169 45 1 1

IT98K-409-4 733 1169 50 1 1

IT06K-116 1028 1002 48 3 1

IT06K-111-1 928 1086 45 2 1

IT06K-264-2 1017 1169 45 2 3

IT04K-321-2 836 919 45 2 2

07K-297-15 685 1002 42 1 5

IT06K-111 799 1086 46 2 1

Kanannado 737 1754 51 1 1

Mean 874.0 1286.0 46.5 1.5 1.5

SED 205.4 278 1.41 0.673 0.3808


Breeding lines at Ibadan 2008

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COWPEA INTERNATIONAL TRIALS

• Promising lines from AVT:


• 15-20 lines each

• Sets distributed to collaborators (NARS

and ARI)

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Number of entries in CIT

from 2007-2009

Trials 2007 2008 2009

CIT 1 15 15 15

CIT 2 15 15 20

CIT 3 12 10 20

CIT 4 12 10

CIT 5 10 10

Total 64 60 55

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COWPEA BREEDING PROJECTS

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TROPICAL LEGUME II

• Objective 3:

Enhancing cowpea productivity and production

in drought prone areas in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Activity 3.1: Test existing cowpea

lines for their drought tolerance

• Milestone 3.1.1

Fifty elite cowpea lines with resistance to aphids, flower

thrips, and some Striga strains are evaluated for

adaptation to drought.

• Two sub-activities were conducted

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Variety Grain Yield Variety Grain Yield

IT98K-491-4 1485 IT98K-491-4 953

IT98K-412-13 1213 IT98K-412-13 609

IT99K-216-24-2 1151 IT99K-1122 609

IT99K-1122 1130 IT99K-7-21-2-2 603

IT98K-311-8-2 997 IT99K-216-24-2 597

IT99K-7-21-2-2 966 IT98K-628 586

IT97K-1069-6 961 IT96D-610 471

IT96D-610 929 IT97K-1069-6 449

IT00K-1263 922 IT00K-1263 426

Mean 935 IT97K-390-2 417

SED 2.92 Mean 472

SED 87.5

1st planting date 2nd planting dateBest performing drought tolerant lines

www.iita.org144.9SED

564Mean

752IT98K-1092-1

752IT99K-1122

752IT98K-491-4

835IT04K-405-5

835IT98K-1092-2

891IT99K-573-1-1

946IT99K-573-2-1

1058IT98K-412-13

Fodder

Yield

(kg/ha)Variety• Farmers in drought

prone areas

interested with dual

purpose cowpea, i.e.:

•IT98K-491-4

•IT98K-412-13

High fodder yielding lines under drought

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• No significant differences for bacterial blight and virus incidence and severity under terminal drought conditions.

• For the 1st planting date, significant difference for virus incidence and severity but not for bacterial blight. However, no line with high susceptibility identified.

• For both dates, only the following lines did not show striga emergence: IT99K-573-1-1, IT99K-1122, IT99K-494-6, IT04-227-4, IT00K-1207, IT97K-819-118 and IT99K-529-2.

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FPVS sub-activity

Locations Gender

Date LGA Village Male Female Total

30/10/08 Tofa Tofa 28 0 28 29/10/08 Gezawa Gezawa 40 0 40 28/10/08 Bichi Badume 16 18 34 31/10/08 Minjibir Minjibir/Wasai 27 15 42

111 33 144

• Farmers were requested to select 3 lines in each replication

• Lines selected and reason for selecting these lines were

recorded

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RESULTS

• All the 16 lines were selected at least once in each replication except IT97K-819-118 which was not selected in Rep 2.

• The high grain yielding lines IT98K-491-4 (1485 kg/ha), IT98K-412-13 (1213 kg/ha) and IT99K-216-24-2 (1151 kg/ha) were selected by 118 (82 %), 132 (92%) and 131(91%) farmers respectively

• The lines IT98K-166-4 (443kg/ha) and IT97K-819-118 (443 kg/ha) with the lowest grain yield had the smallest number of selection 16 (11%) and 20 (14%).

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Farmers % Farmers selecting in

Variety # % 3 rep 2rep 1 rep YIELD

IT99K-216-24-2 131 91 25.7 37.5 27.8 1151

IT98K-412-13 132 91.7 25.7 34 31.9 1213

IT99K-7-21-2-2 128 88.9 17.4 31.3 40.3 966

IT98K-491-4 118 81.9 11.1 38.9 31.9 1485

IT98K-128-3 110 76.4 16.7 27.8 31.9 870

IT89KD-288 102 70.8 11.8 25.7 33.3 756

IT99K-529-2 92 63.9 11.8 29.9 22.2 713

IT00K-1263 68 47.2 4.17 10.4 32.6 922

IT98K-628 74 51.4 2.08 9.03 40.3 803

IT98K-166-4 16 11.1 0 1.39 9.72 702

IT98K-311-8-2 63 43.8 2.78 11.1 29.9 997

IT97K-390-2 58 40.3 2.08 14.6 23.6 804

IT96D-610 55 38.2 4.17 11.8 22.2 929

IT97K-1069-6 58 40.3 1.39 10.4 28.5 961

IT99K-1122 54 37.5 2.08 9.03 26.4 1130

IT97K-819-118 20 13.9 0.69 0.69 12.5 558

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First Reason to select a variety

CHARACTERISTICS Number of farmers Percentage

Grain yield 76 52%

Color +other physical 10 8%

Fodder yield 9 6%

Taste 7 5%

Dual purpose 4 3%

Early 4 3%

Tolerance to drought 3 2%

Striga+other pest 3 2%

Other 28 19%

Total 144 100%

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FUTURE BREEDING ACTIVITIES

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PROPOSED BREEDING PROGRAM

FOR THE NEXT 2 TO 3 YEARS

• Target traits

– Insect resistance:

• Aphid (Aphis craccivora)

• Flower bud thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti)

– Disease resistance:

• Virus

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– Parasitic weeds

• Striga resistance

• Alectra resistance

– Drought tolerance

• TL II

• TL I (phase 2?)

– Specific breeding

• Breeding for intercropping

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OUTLINE OF RESEARCH ACTIVITIES

• Germplasm Characterization

• Identification and Validation of sources of

resistance

• Crossing Nursery and generation

advancement

• Multi location variety trials

• Seed multiplication

• Cowpea international trials.

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CONCLUSION

• Cowpea has numerous biotic and abiotic production constraints

• Some progress has been achieved

• Future program will focus on identified target traits

• Program approach designed to contribute to IITA’s mission

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Acknowledgement

• IITA Management

• Dr. D. Chikoye

• Dr. C. Fatokun

• Colleagues from

Kano

• Mr. E. Makeri and

CBU staff

• Mr. R. Adeleke and

staff

• Colleagues from

NARS and ARI

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RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA

Technology

Transcript of RECENT PROGRESS IN COWPEA BREEDING RESEARCH AT IITA