RECENT ADVANCES IN ENGINEERINGMECHANICS … · 1-3 INELASTIC ANALYSIS Creep Interaction of Salt and...

Proceedings of the

Fourth Engineering Mechanics Division

Specialty Conference

RECENT ADVANCES IN

ENGINEERING MECHANICS

AND THEIR IMPACT ON

CIVIL ENGINEERING PRACTICE

VolumeII

Sponsored by the

Engineering Mechanics Division

of the American Society of Civil Engineers

Purdue UniversityWest Lafayette, Indiana

May 23-25, 1983

In cooperation with the

School of Civil EngineeringSchool of Aeronautics and Astronautics

Center for Earthquake Engineering and Ground Motion Studi

The Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program,Institute for Interdisciplinary Engineering Studies

and the

Division of Conferences

of

Purdue University

Edited by W.F. Chen and A.D.M. Lewis

Published by the

American Society of Civil Engineers345 East 47th Street

New York, New York 10017-2398

TIB/UB Hannover

< 129 910 945

Yield Surface of Orthotropic Plates

L. M. Kutt and M. P. Bieniek 660

Buckling of Plastic Tubes Under Cyclic Bending

S. Kyriakides and P-K. Shaw 664

Study of Numerical Efficiency on Nonlinear Analysis of Thin Shells

K. Sawamiphakdi and T. Y. Chang 668

Optimization of Structures in Nonlinear ResponseM. P. Kamat and L. T. Watson 679

Creep Behavior in Noncircular Tubes

C. E. Kurt 683

1-3 INELASTIC ANALYSIS

Creep Interaction of Salt and a Concrete Ring Structure

N. J. Antonas, W. T. Li, K. M. S. Mark, and C-L. Wu 687

Static and Transient Viscoplastc Analysis of a Tunnel

D. E. Schmitz and A. N. Palazotto 691

Stress and Fracture Analysis of Underground Openings

T. Y. Chang, X. L. Zhang, S. P. Yang and G. Z. Gu 696

Reinforced Concrete Shells—Analysis vs. DesignA. K. Gupta and H. Akbar 702

Reinforced Concrete Beams Under Bending, Torsion and Shear—

A Finite Element ApproachG. Mehlhorn and G. Schmidt Gonner 706

Study of Reinforced Concrete Bond Specimens by FEM

Q-g. Song 710

Geometrical Non-Linear Bending of Plates and Shells with

Consideration of Loading HistoryB. Krayterman and Gajanan M. Sabnis 714

1-4 NONLINEAR STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

Pipe Whip Analysis Using a Rigid Plastic Pipe Model

M. B. Atalay 718

Straightening of Inelastically Deformed Bars

F. W. Barton and R. T. Eppink 722

Glass Cladding Design for Wind

D. A. Reed and E. Simiu 726

Analysis of Concrete Pavement BlowupsA. D. Kerr and P. J. Shade 730

A Stress-Strain Analysis of Rubber and Steel Composite BearingsJ. K. Moore and L. R. Herrmann 734

1-5 INELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS

Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Material with Uniaxial Symmetric Tresca

Yield Condition and Cyclic Loading

M. A. M. Torkamani and M. R. Pajand 738

The Generalized Variational Principles in Theory of Creep

R. Wu and X. Xiaofeng 742

*Manuscript not available at time of printing.

xvi

Elasto-Plastic Material Models

R. Janardhanan and C. S. Desai 746

On the Loading Functions in Concrete PlasticityY. Takahashi; E. C. Ting; and A. H. Marchertas 751

Implementation of a General Plasticity Model

M. O. Faruque and C. S. Desai 755

1-6 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

Quarter Plane Problems for Fibre Reinforced Elastic Plates

A. P. S. Selvadurai and N. Moutafis 759

Modeling the Behavior of Composite Laminates Containing Holes

R. J. Nuismer and R. D. Howell *

1-5 INELASTIC CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS

Elasto-Plastic Analysis of Material with Uniaxial Symmetric Tresca

Yield Condition and Cyclic Loading

M. A. M. Torkamani and M. R. Pajand 738

The Generalized Variational Principles in Theory of Creep

R. Wu and X. Xiaofeng 742

Elasto-Plastic Material Models

R. Janardhanan and C. S. Desai 746

On the Loading Functions in Concrete PlasticityY. Takahashi, E. C. Ting, and A. H. Marchertas 751

Implementation of a General Plasticity Model

M. O. Faruque and C. S. Desai 755

1-6 NONLINEAR ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES

Quarter Plane Problems for Fibre Reinforced Elastic Plates

A. P. S. Selvadurai and N. Moutafis 759

Modeling the Behavior of Composite Laminates Containing Holes

R. J. Nuismer and R. D. Howell *

A Comparison of Finite Element J-Integral Evaluations for the Blunt Crack

Model and the Sharp Crack Model

Y. C. Pan and J. M. Kennedy 763

Fracture Diagnosis in Beam-Frame Structures Using Circuit AnalogyF. D. Ju, M. Akgun, and T. L. Paez 767

Finite Element Modeling of Concrete Failure in Shear

K. J. Willam and S. Sture 770

Membrane Theory for Layered Ellipsoidal Shells

D. L. Logan and M, Hourani 774

1-7 CONSTITUTIVE BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS

Behavior of Plain Concrete Under Tension

G. Konig, M. Jahn, and D. Scheidler *

Shear Modulus Bounds for Transverse IsotropyS. Sutcliffe 778

Mechanical Characterization of Oil Shale


xvu

K. P. Chong and G. F. Dana 782

Cap Model for Undisturbed Loess

J. V. Benak *

Mechanics of Soil-Heat Interaction and Its Thermal Storage CapacityH. Y. Fang and R. C. Chaney : 786

Analysis of Frozen Sand Beams

R. K. Wen, S. Soo, and O. B. Andersland 790

MATHEMATICAL METHODS

M-l APPLIED FRACTURE MECHANICS

Application of Fracture Mechanics to Concrete

S. Mindess 794

Application of Fracture Mechanics to Reinforced Concrete

Z. P. Bazant and J. K. Kim 798

Fracture and Fatigue Control Design of Bridges

K. Horikawa 801

Stress Intensity Factors for Welded Bridge Details

R. Roberts and J. W. Fisher 805

M-2 ADAPTIVITY IN FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

Some Aspects of Adaptive Finite Element ModellingA. D. Miller 809

Examples of Adaptive Models in 3D Finite Element ApplicationsA. G. Peano *

Highly Conforming High Order Finite Elements

D. A. Dunavant, and W. 0. McCarron 810

An Adaptive FEM for Convection-Diffusion Problems

W. G. Szymczak 814

On the Goals of Computation in Stress AnalysisB. A. Szabo 818

Design Aspects of Adaptive Finite Element Codes

D. W. Wang, I. N. Katz, and M. Z. Qian 821

M-3 ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT METHODS

Hybrid/Mixed Methods in Fluid Mechanics

C. T. Yang and S. N. Atluri 825Non-Newtonian Flow Using Penalty Finite Elements

B. Bernstein, D. S. Malkus and E. T. Olsen 826

Properties of Mixed and Hybrid Finite Elements for Plate BendingJ. K. Lee 829

Shear/Membrane Locking in Curved Finite ElementsH. Stolarski and T. Belytschko 830

Hybrid-Stress Models for Plate AnalysisR. L. Spilker 834

Infinite Elements for Elastostatics of a Half SpacesR. K. N. D. Rajapakse and P. Karasudhi 835

Manuscript not available at time of printing.

xviii

PROBABILISTIC METHODS

PM—1 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM RELIABILITY

General Structural System Reliability AnalysisR. M. Bennett and A. H-S. Ang 839

Reliability Based Design of Cable Elements

S. Nnaji 843

Reliability Based Design for Space Steel Frames

Y-Y. Chen and D-S. Hsu 847

Risk Analysis Procedure for Code Optimization

A. S. Nowak 851

Reliability of Antenna Structures

S. H. Wang, J. T. P. Yao, and W. F. Chen 855

On the Evaluation of Collapse Probabilities

M. J. Grimmelt; G. I. Schueller and Y. Murotsu 859

PM-2 RANDOM VIBRATION I

Circular First-Passage Due to Nonstationary Force

P. Spanos and G. Solomos 863

Approximate Reliability AnalysisM. Grigoriu 867

Seismic Safety of Soil Deposits Against LiquefactionJ. A. Pires, Y. K. Wen, and A. H-S. Ang 871

Reliability Dam-Reservior During Random EarthquakeC. Y. Yang 875

Stochastic Response of Yielding Multi-Story Structures

L. Lutes and T. S. Jan 879

PM-3 PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS

Probability Distribution of Typical Wind SpeedsK. C. Chou and R. B. Corotis 883

Reliability Design of Transmission Lines For Wind

H. S. Norville, K. C. Mehta and W. P. Vann 887

Parametric Spectral analysis

A. R. Rao and A. Durgunoglu 891

Updating Distribution of Anomaly Size and Fraction

W. H. Tang and A. Saadeghvaziri 895

The Principle of Maximum Entropy for Parameter Estimation of

Statistical Distributions

E. S. Oyegoke, J. O. Sonuga, and G. A. Akpoji 899

Entropy Weighting and Clustering in Granular Media

C. B. Brown *

PM-4 SAFETY ANALYSIS

On Reliability and Active Control of Tension Leg Platforms

Z. Prucz and T. T. Soong 903

Probabilistic Failure of Blast Excited Structures

D. Morrison and T. Paez 907


xix

Reliability of Basements as Shelters

A. Longinow, N. K. Thomopoulos and J. Mohammadi 911

Probabilistic Fatigue Analysis of Freight Cars

J. Mohammadi and V. K. Garg 915

Analysis of Censored Fatigue Data

M. A. Dean 919

Seismic Reliability of Existing Buildings

.

H. C. Shah and W. Dong 923

PM-5 RELIABILITY ANALYSES

Reliability of Concrete Chimneys Under Wind Loading

A. Kareem and J. Hseih 928

Reliability Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Columns Based on ACI 318-77

C. Putcha and F. Mokri-Argane 932

Estimating Correlation Between Strength PropertiesD, W. Green and J. W. Evans 936

A Cumulative Damage Model for Lumber

C. C. Gerhards and C. L. Link 940

Theoretical Development of the Distribution of Soil Strength

K. O. Harrop-Williams,

944A Practical Probabilistic Model

C. Haldar and B. M. Ayyub 948

PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

PR-1 CONSTITUTIVE MODELING OF CONCRETE

The Strength and Behavior of Steel-Fiber Reinforced Concrete Under

Combined Tesnions-Compression LoadingR. W. Meier, H-Y. Ko and S. Sture 952

Microplane Model For Progressive FracturingZ. P. Bazant and B. H. Oh 956

Behavior of Concrete Subjected to Biaxial Cyclic Stresses

O. Buyukozturk and J. G. Zisman *

Application of a Plasticity Model to Concrete

S. M. Babcock and H. L. Schreyer 960

A Linearized Yield Surface for Tension-Weak Materials

F, E. Weisgerber 964

Possible 'Ductility' in a Material with Planar DiscontinuitiesT. M. Tharp 968

PR-2 DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF CONCRETE

On Wave Propagation and Fracture in Concrete Structures

L. Nilsson 972

A Strain-Rate Dependnt Damage Model for Concrete

W. Suaris and S. P. Shah 977

Impact Damage in Reinforced Concrete Shell StructuresY. Crutzen 981

Modeling High Rate Displacement Controlled Tests of Concrete


xx

S. O. Durrant *

A Failure Methodology Based on Shear Deformation

J. E. Crawford, T. J. Holland, P. J. Mendoza, and R. N. Murtha 985

Dynamic Response of Buried Concrete Arch to Blast LoadingI. Nelson and C. Gong 989

PR-3 FRACTURE OF MATERIALS

Nonlinear Fracture Process Zone in Concrete

M. Wecharatana and S. P. Shah 993

Coalescence of Multiple Fatigue Cracks at a Notch

R. Perez and A. F. Grandt, Jr 997

Applications of Fracture Mechanics to Concrete

S. Mindess *

A Failure Theory for Window Glass Plates

H. S. Norville and J. E. Minor 1001

Modeling Fracture in Fiber Reinforced Concrete

A. E. Naaman and K. Visalvanich 1307

Discrete Crack Modelling in Reinforced Concrete

V. E. Saouma and A. R. Ingraffea 1005

PR-4 PROPERTIES OF SOILS

Seismic Stability of Nonhomogeneous, Anisotropic Slopes

T. Sawada, S. G. Nomachi, and W. F. Chen 1009

An Improved Consolidation Law of Highly Compressive Clays

R. Salazar, T. T. Soong, and F. A. Cozzarelli 1013

On A Curve-Description Model for Soils

J. U. Khandoker and R. C. Batra 1016

Modified Duncan Model and Its ImplementationK. J. Zhang and X. L. Zhang 1020

Creep Closure of an Opening in a Deep Potash Mine

S. T. Montgomery 1024

PR-5 BEHAVIOR OF REINORCED CONCRETE

Analytical Studies of Expansive Solids in Concrete

R. Iding and B. Bresler 1028

In-Place Flexural Strength Evaluation of Concrete

M. Yener; W. F. Chen and A. Nishikawa 1032

Plastic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Rectangular Thick Plate Under

Impulsive LoadingC. Zhiyuan and Y. Shengtian 1036

Couple Stress Model of Composite Material Moduli

S. K. Lakhanpal and R. M. Hackett 1040

Tension Stiffening and Compression Softening in Concrete

L. D. Leibengood, D. Darwin and R. H. Dodds 1043

A Study of the Stability of Elastic-Plastic Reinforced Concrete CompressionStruts with Medium Flexibility

K. An and Y-G. Huang *


xxi

PR-6 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

Simulation of Optical Properties of Black Chrome

S. T. Wu and L. W. Masters 1047

Load Induced Cracks in Cement Paste

D. Darwin and E. K. Attiogbe 1051

Proportioning of Concrete Using Regression AnalysisS. Jerath 1055

Brittle or Ductile?

D. Krajcinovic 1059

Deformation Effects of Random Salt Creep Variation

L. J. Branstetter, R. D. Krieg, and C. M. Stone 1063

Large-Strain Creep of Metals

A. J. Levy and M. P. Bieniek 1067

STABILITY

ST-1 STABILITY OF SHELLS

Imperfection Sensitivity of Cylindrical Shells

B. O. Almroth and R. C. Rankin 1071

Post-Buckling Equilibrium of Hyperstatic Lattices

S. J. Britvec and M. D. Davister 1075

Nonlinear Analysis of Liquid-Filled Tank

W. K. Liu and D. Lam 1079

Buckling Analysis of Stiffened Plates and Shells

A. Razzaque and M. D. Mathers 1083

Numerical Simulation of Collapse Loads for Arbitrarily Shaped Elastic Shells

W. D. Kratzig and U, Wittek 1087

Higher Order Instabilities in Single Mode Structures

D. Hui 1091

ST-2 STABILITY OF PLATES AND ARCHES

Inelastic Buckling of Short Plate Stiffeners in Beam-Column Connections

H. A. El-Ghazaly and A. N. Sherbourne 1095

Inelastic Buckling Using the Finite Strip Method

N. Mahmoud, D. A. Nethercot, and R. J. Plank 1101

Connection Spacing Criteria in Cold-Formed Steel

M. Yener 1105

Imperfection Sensitivity of Circular Arches

I. Tadjbakhsh 1109

Geometric Optimization of Arches for StabilityG. Lin 1U3

ST-3 STABILITY OF BARS AND BEAMS

Thin-Walled Bar Theories

M. Ojalvo 1115

Flexural-Torsional Buckling of Curved Members

C. H. Yoo 1118


xxii

A Study of the Stability of Elastc-Plastic Reinforced Concrete Compression Struts

with Medium FlexibilityK. An and Yong-giang

*

On the Snap-Through Phenomenon of N-Imperfect Bars

E. Galoussis 1122

Elastic Stability of I-Beam Under Patch LoadingsY. Takahashi, S. G. Nomachi, S. Toma, and T. Mikami 1126

Inelastic Stability of Directionally and Rotationally Restrained

Imperfect Steel Columns

S. Vinnakota 1130

Tests on Tubular Steel Columns With Variable End Restraint

D. A. Ross 1134

FLUIDS

F-l FLUID MECHANICS I

Finite Analytic Numerical Solution of Two-Dimensional Suddenly Expanded

Channel Flow

C-J. Chen and K-S. Ho 1138

Finite Element Analysis of Discontinuous Channel Flow

N. D. Katopodes 1142

A Computation of Unsteady Flows Past an Airfoil with an Upward

and Downward Motion

T-K. Hung and S-M. Huang 1146

Refraction of Gravity Waves Using Global Spline Collocation

J. M. Niedzwecki and D. A. Milburn 1150

Vortex Flow with the Presence of a Barrier

C-Y Guo and H-P. Pao 1154

F-2 FLUID MECHANICS II

Validity of Stokes-Flow Theory for a Falling Disk

R. Y. Lai and Y-T. Soo 1158

Hydrodynamic Pressure on Short-Length Gravity Dams

A. A. Rashed and W. D. Iwan 1162

Finite Element Model of Fracture Flow and Transport

P. S. Huyakorn, J. W. Mercer, and B. H. Lester 1166

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flows Around Kinks

in Zoned and Leaky Porous Media

O. Lafe, A. Adenekan, and H. Johnson 1170

SYMPOSIUM ON MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND PREDICTION

METHODS IN TURBULENT FLOWS

KEYNOTE LECTURE

Some Physical and Mathematical Checks on Turbulence Data and Models

S. Corrsin1174

GENERAL LECTURES

Growth of a Grid-Generated Turbulent Mixed Layer


xxui

R. R. Long 1177

Progress of Turbulence Modelling and Its ApplicationsC. J. Chen 1180

Progress in Measurement Techniques in Turbulent Flows

W. Z. Sadeh *

TURBULENT FLOWS

TF-1 TURBULENCE MODELING AND PREDICTION METHODS I

Developing Turbulent Flow in the Entrance Region of a Pipe

S. A. Al-Nassri and T. E. UnnyDetection of Coherent Structures in Open Channel Flow Based on a Vortex Model

Th. Dracos and M. Bepchler 1311

The Transition from a Horizontal Turbulent Buoyant Jet to a Mixing Layer:

A Universal Entrainment Model

G. H. Jirka 1184

Numerical Study of Two-Dimensional Impinging Jet Flows

with Large Distance/Width Ratio

Jack C. Hwang, F-K. Tsou and S. Negahban 1190

Turbulent Flow Past Two Dimensional Prism

G. Bergeles and N, Athanassiadis 1194

TF-2 TURBULENT BOUNDARY LAYERS

Observations on the Nature and Mechanism of the Structure of Turbulent

Boundary Layers: A Survey and New Results

J. M. Wallace and J. L. Balint 1198

Prediction of Turbulent Boundary-Layer Flows with k-e Closure Model

by a Semi-Discretization Method

A. Liakopoulos and C. C. Hsu 1202

Mixing Lengths for Turbulent Flows Over Rough Surfaces

P. S. Granville 1206

Overflow Turbulent Boundary Layer and Its Characteristics

L. Zaichao 1208

Calculation of Ship Boundary LayersV. C. Patel *

TF-3 TURBULENCE MODELLING AND PREDICTION METHODS II

Prediction of Flow in Channels with Flood Plains

A. O. Demuren 1212

Turbulent Wake Heat Transfer Calculation

V. W. Nee *

Statistical and Spectral Properties of a Heater Round Turbulent Buoyant Jet

P. N. Papanicolaou and E. J. List *

The Decay of Turbulence in a Stratified Fluid

R. R. Long 1216

On Secondary Motions in Open Channel Flow

A. J. Odgaard 1220


xxiv

TF-4 TURBULENT FLOW ABOUT BODIES

Turbulence Effects on Flow Past Circular CylinderK. C. S. Kwok 1224

Characteristics of Pressure Fluctuations on the Windward and Leeward Faces of

a Tall Building Model

A. Kareem 1228

Amplification of Turbulence in Flow Approaching an Airfoil

W. Z. Sadeh and P. P. Sullivan 1232

On Uniform Flow Around Rough CylindersC. Farell, S. K. Fedeniuk and P. Moura 1235

Generation and Control of Turbulence by a Pulsating Grid

B, Bienkiewicz 1238

Spectral Properties of Turbulence and Reynolds Stress in a Shearing Flow

T. Tsubaki and T. Komatsu 1242

TF-5 TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES AND FLOW

VISUALIZATION METHODS I

A Reynolds Stress Measurement Technique for Complex Flows

F. B. Gessner and S. H. Arterberry 1303

Flow Visualization and Digital Image Processing of the Velocity and

Concentration Fields in Turbulent Flows

J. L. Balint, M. Ayrault, and J. P. Schon 1246

A Survey of Methods to Measure Vorticity in Turbulent Flows

James M. Wallace 1250

Turbulence Measurements Near the Free Surface in Stirred Grid Experiments

B. H. Brumley and G. H. Jirka 1254

Evaluation of the Accuracy in Velocity Measurement in Alluvial Rivers

T. Asano 1258

Theory and Measurements of Two-Dimensional Granular Flow

N. L. Ackermann and H. Shen 1262

Diffusion of Turbulent Energy in a Granular Flow

H. Shen and N. L. Ackermann 1266

TF-6 TURBULENCE

The Role of Eddy Viscosity in a Plane Jet Impingement

J. C. Y. Guo 1270

Noise Enhancement/Suppression from Acoustically Excited Jets

D. F. Long, H. Kim, and R. E. A. Arndt 1274

Turbulent Wake of a Yawed Circular Cylinder

T. W. Kao*

Turbulent Wake in a Stratified Fluid: A Review

H. P. Pao*

Study of Turbulent Flow Structure by Cavitation Technique

S. C. Ling*

On Prediction of Characteristics for Vertical Plane Buoyant Jets in

Stably Linear Stratified Environments

W. Li and C. J. Chen 1279


xxv

TF-7 TURBULENCE MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE AND FLOW

VISUALIZATION METHODS II

Ultrasonic Doppler Velocimetry In Muddy Flows

R. He, S. Wang, and X. Li 1283

Directional Sensitivity of Hot Wire Probes

R. J. Adrian, R. E. Johnson, B. G. Jones, P. Merati, and A. T. C. Tung .... 1287

Concurrent Forward Backscatter LDA Measurement

T. K. Cheung and J. R. Koseff 1291

Velocity Measurement at a Breaking Air-Water Interface

W. K. Melville and R. Rapp 1295

LDA Measurements in a Smooth Open Channel

P. Steffler, N. Rajaratnam and A. W. Peterson *

Turbulence Measurements in a Denil-Type Fishwa

P. Steffler, N. Rajaratnam and A. W. Peterson *

LDV Measurements in Two-Dimensional Bent-Over Jets

H. Haniu and B. R. Ramparian 1299

SUBJECT INDEX 1315

AUTHOR INDEX 1321


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RECENT ADVANCES IN ENGINEERINGMECHANICS … · 1-3 INELASTIC ANALYSIS Creep Interaction of Salt and...

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