FluidFluidFluidFluid----Machinery for Energy Conversion SystemsMachinery for Energy Conversion SystemsMachinery for Energy Conversion SystemsMachinery for Energy Conversion Systemsacademic year 2019academic year 2019academic year 2019academic year 2019----2020202020202020

Recap on Energy Conversion System

Prof Alessandro CorsiniDipartimento di Ingegneria Meccanica e Aerospaziale,

Sapienza University of Rome

Big Data in Fluid Machiner and Energy Initiative

Fpistone

pmedia

Dmedio

UMacchina

Macchina E

Fluid Machinery and Energy Systems

FMRGroup @ DMA-URLS

Power-generating

Power-absorbing

Energy Conversion Systems

Sources

End-use

Conversion

Waste

Conversion processes

Primary Energy

Wind, hydro, ocean &c

Thermal Energy

Solar

Geothermal

Mechanical Energy

Electric Energy

End-use

Generator

Chemical

Secondary Energy

Process

Turbomachinery, volumetric machinery

Combustion

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Electric energy grid, power plantsSource: TERNA

Composition

Power plant mix

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Steam power plants

Coal fired

Oil and Natural gas fired

Gas Turbine power plants

Natural gas fired

Combined Cycle plants

Repowered plants

Source TERNA

Standard operation, daily energy demand

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Power plant mix

Hydro-power with storage

Hrydro-power

Thermal powerplants

Import

Hydro-power (river)

Geo-thermal and wind

Power technology selection and sizing (i)

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Techno-econimic key factors:

• Installed power,

• Annual duty,

• Flexibility (e.g. multi-fuel),

• Conversion efficiency,

• CAPEX,

• OPEX and maintenance.

Gross efficiency data

Steam power plants: standard super-heated steam cycle (170 bar-538/538°C) with

steam bleeding (7-8) 40%

Diesel engine 40%

Gas turbine plant, in CC cycle, above 55%

Unit power 1.300 MW standard SH steam power plants, 750÷900 MW in Combined

Cycle plants, 30÷40 MW DEGS

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CAPEX

Steam power unit about 950 €/kW (oil or NG powered) or 1200 €/kW (w coal

powered)

CC plants about 600 €/kW.

OPEX (including personel costs, materials and services)

Steam power plant 14 €/kW (oil and NG powered)

Steam power plant 18 €/kW (coal powered)

CC plant 8 €/kW

OPEX (fuels)

Power technology selection and sizing (ii)

Oil ATZ

Oil MTZ

Oil BTZ

Oil STZ

Natural Gas

Diesel fuel

Coal

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COE per kWh

with n and A annual number and cost of start-ups

Notably, A has a reduce influence on COE structure (0,03÷0,1 c€/kWh)

Power technology selection and sizing (iii), COE

Power

Average annual efficiency

Capex cost

Depreciation rate

Financial charge

Fuel cost

Opex cost

Steam power plant Oil BTZ

Steam power plant NG

Steam power plant Coal

Combined Cycle

Fire hours

Power plant components and lay-outs

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Steam power plants

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Thermodynamic cycles (i)

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Thermodynamic cycle (i)

Re-heated Rankine cycle

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Thermodynamic cycle

Steam bleeding

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Steam power plant

Steam turbines

Gas turbine power plants

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Gas turbine thermodynamics

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Gas turbine compressors

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Combustore

Gas turbine combustors

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Il turbogruppo a gas, componenti (iii)

Turbina

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Gas turbine internal cooling system

Combined Cycle power plants

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A Corsini, aa 2008-09

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Configuration

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Thermodynamic cycle

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Combined Cycles