Rebuilding after the GEJE Planning Processes and Emerging Needs at the 4th year into Rebuilding
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Transcript of Rebuilding after the GEJE Planning Processes and Emerging Needs at the 4th year into Rebuilding
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Rebuilding after the GEJE:Planning processes and emerging needs atthe 4thyear into rebuilding
International Seminar on the 10 Years Commemoration of the 2004
Indian Ocean Tsunami
November 24, 2014
Kanako Iuchi, PhD.
International Research Institute of
Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University
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Contents
1. Planning Responses after the GEJE
2. Current Status
3. Emerging Issues and Opportunities
4. Reflection
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1. Planning responses after the GEJE
1. Nationalrecovery vision was created by the ReconstructionDesign Council (June 2011)
Key Principles Primacy of local governments and people
Two-level disaster mitigation approach (Structural & Non-Structural)
Models on reconstruction in different geographic areas
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2. Prefecture and local level land use planning is based onfuture tsunami simulations to incorporate future risk focus on levee height and associated land use
By Dec. 2011, Prefectural (4) and Local (43) Govts made recovery plans
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M
iyagi Prefecture
Minami Sanriku Town
Natori City
Prefecture Local
Local
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3. National Reconstruction Agency (RA) created for implementation February, 2012, directly under the Cabinet Office of Japan
Coordinate local governments and national ministries
Financially oversee 40 reconstruction programs that include 1) landreadjustment, 2) collective relocation, and 3) public housing
5Source: http://www.kantei.go.jp/fukkou/organization/reconstructiongrant.html
Prefec-
ture
and
local
govts
Recovery
Agency
Decisions onresponsible
ministries and
allocation
Ministryof
Ministryof
Ministryof
6. Decisions on distribution
Responsible ministries
1. Project plan
3. Funding Amount
4. Payment application
7. Approval
One stop service
5. Distribute project plans
Land Readjustment
Collective
Relocation
Public Housing
http://www.kantei.go.jp/fukkou/organization/reconstructiongrant.htmlhttp://www.kantei.go.jp/fukkou/organization/reconstructiongrant.html -
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4. Participatorylocal planningactivities
- Community participation in
recovery planning becamemainstream after theearthquake in Kobe in 1995
- Community participation wasalso expected post-GEJE
- Various community planningactivities were present at theinitial stage, creating variousnew committees and groups
- However, the level of
participation and number ofgroups are reducing at thismoment
Source: Iuchi et al 2013
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2. Current Status: 4th year into recovery
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1. Committed funding:- 25 trillion yen (approx. US$250
Billion) to use by FY2015
2. Number of recovery plansdeveloped: (March 2014)- 4 prefectures
- 81 local governments3. Displaced population:
247,000 (as of Aug 2014)- Majority in Tohoku, 10% in Kanto
region, others spread out
- In a year, number displaceddecreased by 47,000 (from294,000)
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4. Progress on key housing reconstruction projects
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Land Readjustment
Collective
Relocation
Public Housing
Plan51DistrictsInitiated works38 Districts75%)Completed: 1District (1%)
[Kobe EQ: 20Districts, 8 years]
Plan:337DistrictsWork initiated:311 Districts83%)Completed: 73 Districts (22%)
[Chuetsu3Districts, 2years]
Plan:21,875 units (some undecided in Fukushima)# units secured for building: 17,617units (82%)Completed: 2,400units (11%)
[Kobe EQ: : 26,000 units, 6 years]
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9Iuchi et al, 2015
5. 4 year summary: Three rebuilding phases
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3. Emerging Issues and Efforts
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1. Emerging issues
Community (livelihood) restorationin its real context hasbeen overlooked
- Infrastructure/land-use-based investments
- RAs rebuilding programs: set structure-based rebuilding
Pitfallof participatory
planning and primacy inlocal govt and communities
- Increased local responsibilities
- No way out under decline,
aging and limitationEndingnational recovery funding
- FY2011 to 2015concentrated recoveryfunding period
Levee being constructed as of May, 2014; T.P. 12.8mPlanned completion: March 2015
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2. Some efforts toward community rebuilding
Recovery Supporters system (Fukko shien-in seido),- Established Jan 2012, by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Comm.
- 181 staff allocated in 10 local govts (in 3 prefectures) (FY2013)
Hiring people inside/outside affected regions
Rebuilding
communities
Source: recreated from http://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000259314.pdf
Affected local governments*
Support
Min. of Internal Affairs and
Communications
Recovery
supporters work on
rebuilding effort 1) Program
supporting
community
rebuilding
2) Support through
dispatching
recovery
supporters
*227 local govts in
9 Pref. designatedas affected areas
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Intermediary support organizations- Coordinating centers for recoveryMiyagi, Iwate and Fukushima
- Aiming at: Coordinating inter-organizations and people seeking to
help rebuilding
Organizations,firms
andschools
willingtosupport
Pre-existingMiyagiN
PO,Citizens
organizations
Citizensneedingsup
port(Affected
areas,personnel,h
andicapped,
children,elderlyetc.
Miyagicoordinatingcenter forrecovery
Inter-organizationalcoordination
Human andknowledgeresources
Funds
Goods
Support(Funds and
commodities)
InformationSharing(needs)
Supportingactivities
(based onrequest)
Source: Translated from http://www.renpuku.org/
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3. Emerging issues for resilient communities The actual community livelihood restoration begins post-resettlement
1) communities disintegrated;
2) communities isolated;
3) communities aged and lost population
Collective relocation area
Collective relocation area
Public housing
Source: http://www.city.kesennuma.lg.jp/www/contents/1354240362516/files/shiryou12.pdf
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Challenge:
Ways to sustainably/resiliently rebuild communities
Communities
Shift community rebuilding identityfrom passive depended toproactive outreaching
Governments
Identify and develop keycommunity rebuildingprograms and ways of goodoperation
Intermediary supporters
Identify community needs and
provide information to thegovernments for possible support
Mountainous communities Aged communities
Fishermen communities Newly gathering communities
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Contents
1. Planning responses after the GEJE
2. Current Status
3. Emerging Issues and opportunities
4. Inconclusion
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Reflection
Resilient rebuilding takes a long time
Requiring to: i) avoid future risk, ii) respond to needs toresettle (housing), and iii) ways to sustainably manage
communities
No one-size-fits-all solutions
Resilient rebuilding Is largely affected by the macro-socioeconomic force
Has varied meanings in different affected areas
Role of intermediary supporters Is increasingly important to look for possible solutions and
connect communities and governments