Reasons for benchmarking voltage sag performance

1McGranaghan/Sabin US Session 2 Block 3 Question 8

Barcelona 12-15 May 2003

Calculating System Events and Using Voltage Sag Benchmarking as a System Performance Indicator –

What are utilities doing?



Reasons for benchmarking voltage sag performance

Basis for evaluating ongoing system performance (based on events that impact customers – more than traditional reliability)

Basis for evaluating economics of power quality improvement options

Basis for implementing PQ-based contracts Basis for attracting customers that are

concerned about PQ levels Can be basis for standards



Important Concept - Aggregation

• Measurement aggregation– multiple phases or channels per measurement

• Temporal Aggregation– breaker reclosing

• Spatial Aggregation (system events)– multiple monitors per location



San Diego Gas & Electric?• Monthly reports on SARFI rates and power factor

are distributed to power quality engineers, distribution engineers, grid operation engineers, and some customer reps.

• The cause of every voltage sag below 0.90 per unit is tracked for periodic review.

• Monitoring at over forty substation and customer locations



Baltimore Gas and Electric• In March 1996, BGE began a monitoring project at the

substation busses of 40 distribution feeders.• Over three years of power quality disturbances and steady

state samples collected to date constitute a five gigabyte database.

• BGE has looked into using SARFI indices as a factor for determining where to allocate planning and maintenance dollars.

• In June 1997, BGE placed an advertisement in their regional edition of the Wall Street Journal that quoted SARFI statistics.



To assure quality and price,BGE’s power passesthrough this line first.

THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, TUESDAY, JUNE 17, 1997

For a special team of BGE experts, their most importantjob is keeping your business up and running. BGE’s dedicated Power Quality Team evaluates customer needs to improve your business operations. They do power quality metering. Visual and thermovision inspections. System evaluations. Substation reconfiguration. And more. That’s why BGE’s

power quality is almost a third better — 27.7% fewer voltage sags — than the 24 other utilities studied by the Electric Power Research Institute. And we provide this extra power quality service while holding the line on electric rates. It all addsup to greater energy valuefor you and your business.

www.bge.com



United Illuminating CompanyNew Haven, Connecticut

• UI employs about 40 power quality monitoring instruments to monitor every bulk power substation and many key customers.

• SARFI rates are computed regularly and tracked to determine where problem areas are in system.

• Key customers have been presented monitoring and SARFI data when questions arise on whether UI is providing sub par power.

• UI published its annual SARFI rates in an Edison Electric Institute journal article.

McGranaghan/Sabin US Session 2 Block 3 Question 8


UI Example - Voltage Sags to 70% or Less Including Feeder Outages - 1998

Faults on Parallel Feeders

56.43%

Faults on TransmissionSystem

31.54%

Faults on Own Feeder 12.03%-SARFI70 =7.075



UI Example – Using SARFI-70 to track individual substation performance

Comparison of UI Substation's SARFI 70 performance of the last 12 months vs. their 3 year average

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

Substation Name

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SARFI70 from Distribution Events 3 years average SARFI70 from Trasmission Events 3 years average

SARFI70 from Distribution Events during the last four Quarters SARFI70 from Trasmission Events during the last four Quarters



Detroit Edison Company• Detroit Edison’s monitoring system includes over

136 monitors for the purpose of administering its contracts at 58 locations operated by Ford Motor Company, General Motors Corporation, and DaimlerChrysler.

• The contracts require payments when excessive numbers of interruptions and/or voltage sags are tallied during a calendar year, using a “sag score” to track the payments.



Example Sag Score Report from PQView



PowerGrid (Singapore)

• Continuous benchmarking of voltage sag performance due to importance of semiconductor industry customers.

• Developed to concept of a SARFI Map to characterize the different expected voltage sag performance characteristics for different parts of their system.



SARFI Map

ENV S ENOKO INCINERATOR

S ENOKO

QUEENSTOWN

LABRADOR

LABRADOR

ADMIRALTY WES T

PULAU BUKOM

PIONEER SECTOR

UPPER JURONG

GUL CHANNEL

PIONEER RD

TUAS P/S

NORTHERN TUAS

S ERAYA CHEMICALS

PANDAN

PULAU S ERAYA

PULAU S ERAYA S /H

PULAU S AKRA

PULAU AYER CHAWAN

NEW MOBIL

PULAU AYER MERBAU I

PULAU AYER MERBAU II

PULAU MERLIMAU

JURONG HARBOUR

JURONG PIER

JURONG PIER

JURONG WEST

INTERNATIONAL RD

CHOA CHU KANG

UPPER JURONG

JLN BAHAR

NTU

BUONA VISTA

NUS AYER RAJAH

BUKIT PANJANG

AYER RAJAH

JURONG EAST

CLEMENTI

BUKIT BATOK

CHOA CHU KANG

DUNEARN

CHOA CHU KANG NEW TOWN

MARSILING

MANDAI

230kV S UPPLY ZONES

OCTOBER 1999

ALJUNIED

MARINA CENTRE

KALLANG BASINKG JAVA

OUTRAM

NEW ARMENIAN ST

S OMERSET

S TAMFORD RD

TK BLANGAH

KG BAHRU

S T JAMES

GRANGE RD

HENDERSON

ANN S IANG HILL

TRAFALGAR

GEORGE ST

RAFFLES

CRAWFORD

CHANDERRD

S UNTEC CITY

THOMSON

BRIGHT HILL

KALLANG BAS IN

KG JAVA

TOA PAYOH

S ERANGOON NORTH

ANG MO KIO

BISHAN

MARINE PARADE

TG RHU

YAS IN

PAYA LEBAR

AIRPORT

EUNOS

PAYA LEBAR

HOUGANG

AIDA

BEDOK

TAMPINES

TAMPINES

YIS HUN

ADMIRALTY WEST

CHANGI AIRPORT

CHANGI

TAMPINES NEW TOWN

PAS IR RIS

PAYA LEBAR

S OXAL

NISM

TAMPINES AVE 10

PANDAN LOOP

TUAS S OUTH AVE 3

WOODLANDS LINK

TUAS INCINERATOR

SenokoS A R F I 90 – 11 .2S A R F I 80 – 6 .1S A R F I 70 – 4 .6

Paya LebarS A R F I 90 – 13S A R F I 80 – 12 .1S A R F I 70 – 7 .1

T ampinesS A R F I 90 – 13 .2S A R F I 80 – 10 .9S A R F I 70 – 9 .2

K allang BasinS A R F I 90 – 13 .2S A R F I 80 – 11S A R F I 70 – 6 .6

K g J avaS A R F I 90 – 12 .9S A R F I 80 – 10 .7S A R F I 70 – 6 .5

LabradorS A R F I 90 – 14 .7S A R F I 80 – 11 .1S A R F I 70 – 6 .8

Ayer RajahS A R F I 90 – 13 .4S A R F I 80 – 10 .9S A R F I 70 – 8 .0

P SerayaS A R F I 90 – 13 .3S A R F I 80 – 11S A R F I 70 – 9 .5

J urong PierS A R F I 90 – 13 .7S A R F I 80 – 10 .7S A R F I 70 – 10 .6

U pp J urongS A R F I 90 – 12 .9S A R F I 80 – 11S A R F I 70 – 6 .5

C hoa C hu K angS A R F I 90 – 13 .3S A R F I 80 – 10 .8S A R F I 70 – 10 .7

22kV SA R F I M A P



Integrated Monitoring System (e.g. PQView and PQWeb)

Substations

PQ DataManagementSystem

Server

PQMonitoringDatabase

Internet/Intranet/Dialup System(TCP/IP)

Smart Relays

T X /RX

DiagOK

AlarmPowe

r

DFRs

T X /RX

DiagOK

AlarmPowe

r

Hub

Gateway

Workstations

PQ Monitors RevenueMeters

PQ Monitor

Facilities

Hub

PQ Monitors

PQ Monitor

Panel Meters

InfoNodeInfoNode

Account Representatives

Plant Managers

DistributionEngineers

Reasons for benchmarking voltage sag performance

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