Reality 3D Human Anatomy Model Data Set

Copyright CD Media Studio Inc. © 2005 www.cdmedia-studio.com

Introduction The Reality Human Anatomy Data Set is one of the most advanced human musculoskeletal anatomy model data sets available on the market today. With a total of 8000 hours and countless professionals in the medical, holistic, and cg arts to create this data set it, is quite simply the most complete musculoskeletal model set of its time. This model set was used in the creation of the very successful internationally released, 3D medical human anatomy textbook known as “Realism A Study in Human Structural Anatomy” Authors: Darryl. Lajeunesse, Carol Edwards, Brenda Grosenick

This model set was so widely accepted by the medical anatomist community that it is now being used by the University of Calgary for the exploration of genomic extrapolation onto the human musculoskeletal system. The general break down of the model set consists of over 2000 independently modeled objects and over 4000 modeled and textured structures. Its moderate poly count of 1.2 million and high resolution texture maps (475mb total – uncompressed tiff’s), makes for an extremely flexible model set that will allow developers, artists and educators world wide to tap into the medical, educational, legal, research, commercial, and entertainment industry. The models of this data set are all in an editable mesh format that have been independently uvw mapped lending extreme flexibility to export both model and texture maps into other platforms.

The entire data set and its structures are all named to medical standards for a clear understanding of the structure and their location. Even 3D artists with only a layman’s understanding of anatomy will be able to work with this data set to create the most complex, medically accurate and visually stunning productions at a fraction of the cost it would take to develop a data set of this caliber.

Overview Although the design is complex, the organization of this data set is very simple. The anatomical models are grouped by texture maps and defined by the name of the texture map giving the user an instant navigation structure, which is mandatory with a model data set of this complexity. Below is the list of groups (bold and underlined) which also correspond with the texture names in the material editor(both diffuse, opacity and bump). You will also see that the following medical names and location(left or right) will also correspond with the structures contained with in each group. There may be some variation as some muscle structures have multiple fibers which have been independently modeled, in this situation the model name will remain the same but a following numbered naming scheme will be adopted……example: *** since there are multiple Multifidus fibers the name would look like this:

Multifidus_01_R

Name=Multifidus fiber number=01 location=(R)right side

Muscle Groupings by Textures

Abdominal muscle Diaphragm Internal oblique Rectus abdominis Transverse abdominis Abdominal muscle corrections Coccygeus External oblique Iliococcygeus Levator ani Appendage ligaments Shoulder Acromioclavicular ligament Coracoacromial ligament Coracoclavicular(trapezoid)ligament Coracoclavicular(conoid)ligament Joint capsule of the shoulder Superior tansverse scapular ligament Elbow

Joint capsule of the elbow Radial collateral ligament Ulnar collateral ligament Oblique cord Annular ligament Bicipital aponeurosis Lower Arm,(Superficial)Wrist, and Hand Interosseous membrane Fibrous sheath of 1st phalange Fibrous sheath of 2nd phalange Fibrous sheath of 3rd phalange Fibrous sheath of 4th phalange Wrist, and Hand(Deep) 1st joint capsule of metacarpal phalangeal(MCP)joint 1st joint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP)joint 1st joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP)joint 2nd joint capsule of metacarpal phalangeal(MCP)joint 2nd joint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP)joint 2nd joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP)joint 3rd joint capsule of metacarpal phalangeal(MCP)join 3rdjoint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP)joint 3rdjoint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP)joint 4thjoint capsule of metacarpal phalangeal(MCP)joint 4th joint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP)joint 4th joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP)joint 5th joint capsule of metacarpal phalangeal(MCP)joint 5th joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP)joint Capitotriquetral ligament Deep transverse metacarpal ligaments Dorsal radioulnar ligament Dorsal radiocarpal ligament Dorsal carpometacarpal ligaments Dorsal metacarpal ligaments Palmar radioulnar ligament Palmar ulnocarpal(ulnotriquetral)ligament Palmar ulnocarpal(ulnolunate)ligament Palmar radiocaqrpal(radioscapholunate part)ligament Palmar radiocaqrpal(radiotriquetral part)ligament Palmar radiocaqrpal(radiocapitate part)ligament Radial collateral ligament Palmar carpometacarplal ligaments Palmar metacarpal ligaments Pisohamate ligament Pisometacarpal ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament Pelvic and Hip Bursa_hip_synovial_sac Iliofemoral ligament Inguinal ligament Pubic symphysis Pubofemoral_ligament Knee Anterior cruciate ligament Anterior ligament of the fibular head Coronary ligament Joint capsule of the knee Transverse ligament of the knee Lateral collateral ligament Lateral meniscus Medial collateral ligament Medial meniscus Posterior cruciate ligament Posterior meniscofemoral ligament Posterior ligament of the fibular head Lower Leg, Ankle and Foot 1st joint capsule of metatarsal phalangeal(MTP)joint 1st joint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP_foot)joint 1st joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP_foot)joint 2nd joint capsule of metatarsal phalangeal(MTP)joint 2nd joint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP_foot)joint 2nd joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP_foot)joint 3rd joint capsule of metatarsal phalangeal(MTP)join 3rdjoint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP_foot)joint 3rdjoint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP_foot)joint 4thjoint capsule of metatarsal phalangeal(MTP)joint 4th joint capsule of proximal interphalangeal(PIP_foot)joint 4th joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP_foot)joint 5th joint capsule of metatarsal phalangeal(MTP)joint 5th joint capsule of distal interphalangeal(DIP_foot)joint Anterior talofibular ligament Anterior tibiofibular ligament

Bifurcate(calcaneocuboid)ligament Bifurcate(calcaneonavicular)ligament Calcaneofibular ligament Deep_transverse metatarsal ligaments Dorsal talonavicular ligament Dorsal calcaneocuboid ligament Dorsal cuneonavicular ligament Dorsal cuboideonavicular ligament Dorsal intercuneiforum ligaments Dorsal cuneocuboid ligaments Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligaments Dorsal metatarsal ligaments Interosseous talcolcaneal ligament Interosseous membrane lower leg Lateral talocalcaneal ligament Medial deltoid(posterior tibiotalar part)ligament of the ankle Medial deltoid(tibiocalcaneal part)ligament of the ankle Medial deltoid(anterior tibiotalar part)ligament of the ankle Medial deltoid(tibionavicular part)ligament of the ankle Medial talocalcaneal ligament Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament Plantar cuneonavicular ligament Plantar cuneocuboid ligament Plantar cuboideonavicular ligament Plantar intercuneiform ligaments Plantar(plates)ligaments Plantar calcaneocuboid(shortplantar)ligament Plantar metatarsal ligaments Plantar tarsometatarsal ligaments Posterior tibiofibular ligament Posterior talofibular ligament Posterior talocalcaneal ligament Aponeurosis and retinaculums 1st fibrous sheaths of extensor tendons 1st fibrous sheaths of 1st phalange 2nd fibrous sheaths of extensor tendons 2nd fibrous sheaths of 2nd phalange 3rd fibrous sheaths of extensor tendons 3rd fibrous sheaths of 3rd phalange 4th fibrous sheaths of extensor tendons 4th fibrous sheaths of 4th phalange

5th fibrous sheaths of extensor tendons 5th fibrous sheaths of 5th phalange Fibrousloop of the omohyoid Flexor retinaculum Inferior extensor retinaculum Long plantar ligament Superior extensor retinaculum Superior fibular retinaculum Extensor retinaculum Flexor retinaculum Palmar aponeurosis Arm and hand muscle Abductor digiti minimi Abductor pollicis longus Adductor pollicis Brachioradialis Dorsal Interossei Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Flexor carpi radialis longus Flexor carpi ulnaris(ulnar head) Flexor carpi ulnaris(humeral head) Flexor digit Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor digitorum superficialis Flexor digiti minimi Flexor pollicis longus Flexor pollicis brevis Lumbricals Opponens pollicis Opponens digiti minimi Palmar interossei Palmaris longus Pronator quadratus Chest muscle

Deltoid(anterior) Deltoid(middle) Deltiod(posterior) Infraspinatus Pectoralis major(clavicular head) Pectoralis major(sternal head) Platysma Supraspinatus Subscapularis Teres major Teres minor Trapezius Cervical ligaments and vertebral disks Anterior atlantooccipital membrane Posterior atlantooccipital membrane Cruciform ligament C2-C3 disc C3-C4 disc C4-C5 disc C5-C6 disc C6-C7 disc C7-T1 disc T1-T2 disc T2-T3 disc T3-T4 disc T4-T5 disc T5-T6 disc T6-T7 disc T7-T8 disc T8-T9 disc T9-T10 disc T10-T11 disc T11-T12 disc T12-L1 disc L1-L2 disc L2-L3 disc L3-L4 disc L4-L5 disc L5-S1 disc Pyramidalis Linea alba Deep cervical muscle Digastric

Geniohyoid Iliocostalis cervicis Interspinales Intertransversarii Levator costarum brevis Levator costarum longus Longissimus capitis Longissimus cervicis Longus capitis Longus coli(inferior oblique) Longus coli(superior oblique portion) Longus coli(vertical portion) Multifidus Mylohyoid Oblique capitis superior Oblique_capitis_inferior Omohyoid Rectus capitis posterior major Rectus capitis posterior minor Rectus capitis anterior Rectus capitis lateralis Rotatores(long fibers) Rotatores(short fibers) Scalenes(anterior) Scalenes(middle) Scalenes(posterior) Semispinalis capitus Semispinalis_cervicis Semispinalis thoracis Splenius capitus Splenius cervicis Spinalis cervicis Spinalis capitus Sternohyoid Sternothyroid Stylohyoid Thyrohyoid Deep neck, back and shoulder muscle Coracobrachialis Latissimus dorsi Levator scapula Pectoralis minor Rhomoids major Rhomoids minor Serratus anterior Sternocleidomastoid(clavicular head) Sternocleidomastoid(sternal head)

Subclavius Subscapularis Superspinatus Deep thoracic and lumbar muscle Iliocostalis thoracis Iliocostalis lumborum Interspinales Intertransversarii Levator costarum brevis Levator costarum longus Longissimus thoracis Multifidus Rotatores(long fibers) Rotatores(short fibers) Semispinalis thoracis Spinalis thoracis Eye cheek correction Orbicularis oculi Zygomaticus major Eye lens Eye lens Eye Eyeball Optic nerve Flexor digitorum longus correction Flexor digitorum longus Flexor digitorum superficialis correction Flexor digitorum superficialis Foot muscle Abductor digiti minimi Abductor hallucis Adductor hallucis(oblique head) Adductor hallucis(transverse head)

Dorsal interossei Extensor digitorum brevis Fexor digitorum brevis Flexor digiti brevis Flexor hallucis brevis Lumbricals Peroneus tertius Plantar interossei Quadratus plantae Hand bones Carpals Capitate Hamate Lunate Pisiform Scaphoid Tapezium Trapezoid Triquetrum Metacarpals 1st Metacarpal 2nd Metacarpal 3rd Metacarpal 4th Metacarpal 5th Metacarpal Phalanges of the hand 1st proximal phalanges 1st middle phalanges 1st distal phalanges 2nd proximal phalanges 2nd middle phalanges 2nd distal phalanges 3rd proximal phalanges 3rd middle phalanges 3rd distal phalanges

4th proximal phalanges 4th middle phalanges 4th distal phalanges 5th proximal phalanges 5th distal phalanges Head muscle Auricularis anterior Auricularis posterior Auricularis superior Buccinator Corrugator supercilii Depressor anguli oris Depressor labii inferioris Depressor septi nasi Frontalis Inferior oblique Inferior rectus Lateral pterygoid(superior head) Lateral pterygoid(inferior head) Lateral rectus Levator anguli oris Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi Levator labii superioris Levator palpebrae superioris Masseter Medial pterygoid Medial rectus Mentalis Nasalis(alar part) Nasalis(transverse part) Occipitalis Orbicularis oris Procerus Risorius Superior oblique Superior rectus Temporalis Trochlea Zygomaticus minor Intercostal muscle External intercostals Internal intercostals Innermost intercostals

Iris Iris Large sheaths Galea Aponeurotica Ligamentum nuchae Rectus sheath Thoracolumbar fascia Lower leg bones Coxal bone Femur Fibula Patella Tibia Tarsals Calcaneus Cuboid Intermediate cuneiform Lateral cuneiform Medial cuneiform Navicular Talus Metatarsals 1st Metatarsal 2nd Metatarsal 3rd Metatarsal 4th Metatarsal 5th Metatarsal Phalanges of the foot 1st proximal phalanges 1st middle phalanges 1st distal phalanges 2nd proximal phalanges 2nd middle phalanges 2nd distal phalanges

3rd proximal phalanges 3rd middle phalanges 3rd distal phalanges 4th proximal phalanges 4th middle phalanges 4th distal phalanges 5th proximal phalanges 5th distal phalanges Lower leg muscle Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus Flexor hallucis longus Gastrocnemius(lateral head) Gastrocnemius(medial head) Peroneus brevis Peroneus longus Plantaris Soleus Tibialis anterior Tibialis posterior Mandible bone Mandible Skin Ear Eyelid Lips Skull bones Ethmoid perpendicular plate Inferior nasal concha Skull Vomer Hyoid

Skull cartilage Nasal cartilage Thyroid cartilage Spine bones Atlas(C1) Axis(C2) C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 T9 T10 T11 T12 L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 Sacrum Spine ligaments Anterior longitudinal ligament Anterior sacrococcygeal ligaments Anterior sacroiliac ligaments Iliolumbar ligaments Interspinous ligament/Ligamenta flava Lateral costotransverse ligaments Lateral temporomandibular ligaments Ligamentum capitis femoris

Obturator membrane Posterior longitudinal ligament Posterior sacroiliac ligaments Radiate ligaments of head of ribs Radiate sternocostal ligaments Sacrospinous ligaments Sacrotuberous ligaments Sphenomandibular ligaments Sternoclavicular ligaments Stylomandibular ligaments Superior costotransverse ligaments Temporomandibular joint capsules Transverse acetabular ligaments Zygoapophyseal joint capsules Spine ligament correction Sacrotuberous ligaments Synovial structures Common sheath of the peroneus longus and brevis tendon Digital synovial sheaths Extensor synovial sheaths Extensor synovial sheaths of the foot Iliopectineal bursa Intertubercular synovial sheaths Lateral subcutaneous bursa Medial subcutaneous bursa Olecranon bursa Radial bursa Sheath of the flexor hallucis longus tendon Sheath of the flexor digitorum longus tendon Sheath of the posterior tibialis tendon Sheath of the anterior tibialis tendon Sheath of the extensor hallucis longus tendon Subacromial bursa Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa Subtendinous calcaneal bursa Synovial sac of the hip Ular bursa Teeth 1st molars 1st premolars

2nd molars 2nd premolars 3rd molars 4th molars Canines Central incisors Lateral incisors Thorax and arm bones Clavicle Humerus Radius Ribs Scapula Sternum Ulna Thorax muscle Serratus posterior superior Serratus posterior inferior Subcostalis Transverse thoracis Upper arm muscle Anconeus Biceps brachii(long head) Biceps brachii(short head) Brachialis Pronator teres Supinator Triceps brachii(lateral head) Triceps brachii(long head) Triceps brachii(medial head) Triceps brachii tendons Upper leg muscle

Adductor brevis Adductor longus Adductor magnus Adductor minimus Biceps femoris(long head) Biceps femoris(short head) Gemellus inferior Gemellus superior Gluteus maximus Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Iliacus Iliotibial tract Obturator externus Obturator internus Pectineus Piriformis Popliteus Psoas minor Psoas major Quadratus lumborum Quadratus femoris Rectus femoris Sartorius Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Tensor fascia lata Vastus intermedius Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis

Modeled and textured structures (Alphabetical)

A Abductor digiti minimi muscle, Abductor hallucis muscle Abductor pollicis brevis muscle Abductor pollicis longus muscle Acetabulum Achilles tendon Acromial end Acromion process Adductor brevis muscle Adductor hallucis muscle Adductor longus muscle Adductor magnus muscle Adductor minimus muscle

Adductor pollicis muscle Adductor tubercle Ala (lateral part) Alveolar part of mandible Alveolar process of maxilla Anatomical neck Anconeus muscle Angle of acromion mandible rib Ankle Anterior border of fibula radius tibia ulna Anterior (middle) gluteal line Anterior inferior iliac spine Anterior nasal spine Anterior oblique line of radius Anterior sacral foramen Anterior superior iliac spine Anterior surface of patella radius ulna Apex of sacrum styloid process Area for extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles Area for lunate bone Area for scaphoid bone Arcuate line Arm Articular facet inferior (of rib) lateral malleolus superior (of rib) superior (of vertebra) for transverse process vertebral body Articular surface of femur patella sacrum Articular surface for calcaneus cuboid head of fibula Articular tubercle for temporal bone Atlas (C1) anterior arch anterior tubercle articular facet for dens foramen magnum groove for vertebral artery inferior articular facet for axis lateral mass pedicle posterior arch posterior tubercle spinous process superior articular facet for occipital condyle superior articular facet for transverse ligament transverse process transverse foramen

tubercle for transverse ligament Attachment of cruciate ligament horns of meniscus of tibia Auricular surface (for sacrum) Auricularis anterior Auricularis posterior Auricularis superior Axillary border (lateral border) Axis (C2) anterior articular facet for atlas body dens foramen magnum inferior articular facet lamina lateral mass B Base of metacarpals metatarsals phalanges (Phalanx) sacrum Biceps brachii muscle Biceps femoris muscle Bicipital aponeurosis Bicipital groove Body of calcaneus ilium ischium mandible metatarsal phalanges (Phalanx) pubis sternum vertebrae Bony margin Brachialis muscle Brachioradialis muscle Buccinator muscle Bursa, Iliopectineal bursa C Calcaneus Calcar Canine fossa Capitate Capitulum of humerus Carotid canal Carpals Cervical vertebrae Clavicle Clavicular articular surface Coccyx Common flexor sheath (ulnar bursa) Common flexor tendon Common tendinous sheath of fibularis (peroneus) longus and brevis Condylar canal Condylar process of mandible Condyle of femur humerus

tibia Conoid tubercle Coracobrachialis Coracoid process of scapula Coronal suture Coronoid fossa of humerus Coronoid process of mandible Coronoid process of ulna Corrugator supercilii muscle Costal cartilage Costal facet Costal groove Costochondral joint Costosternal joint Cranium Crest of tubercle Cuboid bone Cuneiform bones D Deltoid tuberosity Deltoid muscles Demifacet (costal facet) Dens Depressor anguli oris muscle Depressor labii inferioris muscle Depressor septi nasi muscle Diaphragm muscle Digastric fossa Digastric muscle Distal slips of plantar aponeurosis Dorsal interossei muscle Dorsal tubercle of radius E Elbow Epicondyle of femur humerus Epicranius Erector spinae muscles Ethmoid bone orbital plate perpendicular plate middle nasal concha Extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle Extensor carpi radialis longus muscle Extensor carpi ulnaris muscle Extensor digiti minimi muscle Extensor digitorum muscle Extensor digitorum brevis muscle Extensor digitorum longus muscle Extensor hallucis longus muscle Extensor indicis muscle Extensor pollicis brevis muscle Extensor pollicis longus muscle Extensor retinaculum External auditory canal External lip of iliac crest External intercostals External oblique muscle External occipital protuberance Eye muscles F

Facet (inferior articular, superior articular) False pelvis False rib Femur adductor tubercle calcar condyle epicondyle fovea of head fossa gluteal tuberosity greater trochanter head intercondylar fossa intertrochanteric crest intertrochanteric fossa intertrochanteric line lesser trochanter linea aspera neck patellar surface pectineal line shaft Fibrous sheath of extensor tendon flexor tendon phalanges Fibula anterior border apex (Styloid process) articular facet of lateral malleolus head interosseous border lateral malleolus lateral surface malleolar articular surface malleolar fossa of lateral malleolus medial crest neck posterior surface Fibular notch on tibia Fibularis longus, brevis, tertius muscle Flexor carpi radialis muscle Flexor carpi ulnaris muscle Flexor digiti minimi brevis muscle Flexor digiti minimi muscle Flexor digitorum brevis muscle Flexor digitorum longus muscle Flexor digitorum profundus muscle Flexor digitorum profundus tendon Flexor digitorum superficialis muscle Flexor hallucis brevis muscle Flexor hallucis longus muscle Flexor pollicis longus muscle Flexor pollicis brevis muscle Flexor retinaculum9 Floating rib Foot Foramen lacerum Foramen magnum Foramen ovale Foramen spinosum Fossa femur glenoid (of scapula) lacrimal sac infraspinous (of scapula) subscapular (of scapula)

supraspinous (of scapula) Fovea of head of femur Frontal bone glabella orbital surface supraorbital foramen Frontal process Frontalis muscle Full body ligaments muscles nerves G Galea aponeurotica Gastrocnemius muscle Gemellus inferior muscle Gemellus superior muscle Geniohyoid muscle Glenoid fossa of scapula Gluteal tuberosity of femur Gluteus maximus muscle Gluteus medius muscle Gluteus minimus muscle Gracilis muscle Greater sciatic notch Greater trochanter of femur Greater tubercle of humerus Greater wing Groove for circumflex scapular vessel extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles extensor digitorum and extensor indicis muscles extensor pollicis longus muscle insertion of semimembranosus on tibia flexor hallucis longus tendon ulnar nerve H Hamate0 Hamstring muscles Hand Head of condylar process of mandible femur fibula humerus metacarpals metatarsals phalanges (Phalanx) radius rib talus ulna Hook of hamate Humerus anatomical neck capitulum coronoid fossa crest of greater tubercle crest of lesser tubercle deltoid tuberosity greater tubercle groove for ulnar nerve intertubercular (bicipital) condyle epicondyle

lateral supracondylar crest medial supracondylar crest lesser tubercle olecranon fossa radial fossa radial groove surgical neck trochlea Hypoglossal canal I Iliac crest Iliac fossa Iliac tuberosity Iliacus muscle Iliocostalis cervicis muscle Iliocostalis lumborum muscle Iliocostalis thoracis muscle Iliopsoas muscle Iliopubic eminence Iliotibial tract Ilium Impression for costoclavicular ligament Incisive fossa (maxilla) Inferior angle of scapula Inferior articular facet of rib Inferior articular process Inferior articular surface of tibia Inferior extensor retinaculum0 Inferior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum Inferior gluteal line Inferior nasal concha Inferior oblique muscle Inferior pubic ramus Inferior rectus muscle Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Infrahyoid Infraorbital foramen Infraspinatus muscle Infraspinous fossa Intercondylar eminence of tibia Intercondylar fossa Intercondylar notch Intercondylar tubercle Intercostal muscles externa internal innermost Intermediate line Intermediate sacral crest Internal lip of iliac crest Internal oblique Interosseous border of fibula radius tibia ulna Interosseous membrane Interphalangeal joints Interspinalis muscle Intertransversarii muscle Intertrochanteric crest Intertrochanteric fossa Intertrochanteric line Intertubercular (bicipital) groove Intertubercular tendinous sheath Intervertebral disc

Intervertebral foramina) Ischial spine Ischial tuberosity Ischium K Knee J Joint capsule of atlantoaxial elbow IP joints Knee MCP joints MTP joints DIP joints PIP joints shoulder temporomandibular zygapophyseal Jugular fossa Jugular notch (suprasternal notch) L Lacrimal bone Lamina Lambdoid suture Lateral intercondylar tubercle Lateral malleolus of fibula Lateral mass Lateral patellar retinaculum Lateral pterygoid muscle Lateral rectus muscle Lateral sacral crest Lateral subcutaneous bursa Lateral surface (fibula) Latissimus dorsi Lesser sciatic notch Lesser trochanter of femur Lesser tubercle of humerus Lesser wing Levator anguli oris muscle Levator costarum Levator labii superioris muscle Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi muscle Levator palpebrae superioris muscle Levator scapula muscle Levator costarum muscles Ligaments acromioclavicular anterior of fibular head anterior longitudinal anterior sacrococcygeal anterior sternoclavicular anterior talofibular anterior tibiofibular anterior tibiotalar bifurcate calcaneofibular capitotriquetra capsular collateral coracoacromial coracoclavicular

coronary cruciate deep transverse metacarpa deep transverse metatarsa deltoid dorsal calcaneocuboid dorsal carpometacarpal dorsal cuboidionavicula dorsal cuneonavicular dorsal cuneocuboid dorsal intercuneiform dorsal metacarpa dorsal metatarsal dorsal radiocarpa dorsal radioulna dorsal talonavicula dorsal tarsometatarsal iliofemoral iliolumbar inferior fibular inguinal interosseous talocalcaneal9 interspinous intertransverse ischiofemoral lateral costal transverse lateral talocalcanea long plantar medial talocalcanea palmar carpal palmar carpometacarpal palmar metacarpal palmar radiocarpal palmar radioulnar palmar ulnocarpal pisohamate pisometacarpal plantar calcaneocuboid (short plantar) plantar calcaneonavicular (spring) plantar cuboideonavicular plantar cuneocuboid plantar cuneonavicular plantar intercuneiform plantar (plates) plantar metatarsal plantar tarsometatarsal posterior of fibular head posterior longitudinal ligament posterior meniscofemoral posterior sacroiliac posterior spinous posterior talocalcaneal posterior talofibular posterior tibiofibular pubofemoral radial collateral radiate (head of ribs radiate sternocostal round ligament (ligamentum capitis femoris) sphenomandibular sternoclavicular stylomandibular superior costotransverse superior transverse scapular supraspinous temporomandibular transverse acetabular ligament transverse carpal ligament

(extensor/flexor retinaculums) transverse (of knee) ulnar collateral zona orbicularis Ligamenta flava Ligamentum nuchae Linea alba Linea aspera Lingula of mandible Longissimus capitis muscle Longissimus cervicis muscle Longissimus thoracis muscle Longus capitis muscle Longus coli muscle Lumbar spine Lumbar vertebrae Lumbosacral articular surface Lumbrical muscles Lunate bone Lunate surface M Malleolar articular surface of fibula of tibia Malleolar fossa of fibula Mamillary process Mandible alveolar part angle body condylar process coronoid process digastric fossa head of condylar process lingula mandibular foramen mandibular notch mental foramen mental protuberance mental spine mental tubercle mylohoid line, 10 neck oblique line pterygoid fossa ramus sublingual fossa submandibular fossa Mandibular foramen of mandible Mandibular fossa of mandible Mandibular notch of mandible Manubrium Manubriosternal joint Margin Masseter muscle Mastoid canaliculus Mastoid foramen Mastoid notch Mastoid process Maxilla alveolar process anterior nasal spine canine fossa frontal process incisive fossa infraorbital foramen

median palatine suture orbital surface palatine process transverse palatine suture zygomatic process Medial angle of scapula Medial border Medial condyle articular surface Medial crest of fibula0 Medial intercondylar tubercle of tibia Medial malleolus Medial pterygoid muscle Medial rectus muscle Median sacral crest Medial subcunateous bursa Medial supracondylar line Medial supracondylar ridge Medial surface of fibula tibia Median sacral crest Median palatine suture Meniscus horns of Mental foramen of mandible Mental protuberance of mandible Mental spine of mandible Mental tubercle of mandible Mentalis muscle Metacarpals Metatarsals Multifidus muscle Mylohyoid line Mylohyoid muscle N Nasal bone Nasalis muscle Navicular bone Neck of femur fibula mandible, 10 radius rib scapula talus Notch, acetabular superior (scapula) O Oblique capitis inferior muscle Oblique capitis superior muscle Oblique cord Oblique line of mandible Oblique line of tibia Obturator externus muscle Obturator crest Obturator foramen Obturator groove Obturator internus muscle Occipital bone basilar part condylar canal and fossa

external occipital crest external occipital protuberance foramen magnum hypoglossal canal inferior nuchal line occipital condyle pharyngeal tubercle superior nuchal line Occipital condyle Occipital groove Occipitalis muscle Olecranon fossa of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Omohyoid muscle Opponens digiti minimi muscle Opponens pollicis muscle Optic canal Optic foramen (canal) Orbicularis oculi muscle Orbicularis oris muscle Orbit fossa of lacrimal sac inferior orbital fissure lacrimal bone optic canal (foramen) orbital plate of ethmoid bone orbital process of palatine bone orbital surface of frontal bone orbital surface of greater wing of sphenoid orbital surface of maxilla superior orbital fissure Orbital surface of maxilla P Palatine bone choanae greater palatine foramen horizontal plate posterior nasal spine pyramidal process Palatine process Palmar aponeurosis Palmar interossei muscle Palmaris longus muscle Parietal bone inferior temporal line superior temporal line Parietal foramen Patella Patellar surface Pecten pubis (pectineal line) of pelvis Pectineal line of femur Pectineus muscle Pectoralis major muscle Pectoralis minor muscle Pedicle) Pelvis acetabulum anterior inferior iliac spine anterior (middle) gluteal line anterior superior iliac spine arcuate line auricular surface body of ilium body of ischium body of pubis bony margin

external lip false pelvis greater sciatic notch iliac crest iliac tuberosity iliopubic eminence inferior gluteal line inferior pubic ramus intermediate line internal lip ischial spine ischial tuberosity lesser sciatic notch lumbosacral articular surface lunate surface margin notch, obturator crest obturator foramen obturator groove pecten pubis (pectineal line) posterior inferior iliac spine posterior sacral foramen posterior (superior) gluteal line posterior superior iliac spine promontory pubic symphysis pubic tubercle ramus of ischium sacral canal sacroiliac joint sacrum superior articular facet superior pubic ramus symphyseal surface tubercle wing (ala) of ilium (iliac fossa) Peroneal trochlea Peroneus brevis muscle Peroneus longus muscle Peroneus longus tendon Peroneus tertius muscle Petrotympanic fissure Petrous part Phalanges (Phalanx) of feet hands0 Piriformis muscle Pisiform Plantar interossei muscle Plantaris muscle Platysma muscle Popliteus muscle Posterior atlantooccipital membrane Posterior (superior) gluteal line Posterior inferior iliac spine Posterior intercondylar area of tibia Posterior sacral foramen Posterior surface of fibula radius tibia ulna Posterior superior iliac spine Procerus muscle Process acromion

calcaneus coracoid talus Promontory Pronator quadratus muscle Pronator teres muscle Psoas major muscle Psoas minor muscle Pterion Pterygoid fossa of mandible Pterygoid process hamulus lateral plate medial plate pterygoid fossa scaphoid fossa Pubic symphysis Pubic tubercle Pubis Superior ramus of Pyramidalis Q Quadratus femoris muscle Quadratus lumborum muscle Quadratus plantae muscle Quadriceps femoris muscle R Radial fossa Radial groove Radial notch Radial tuberosity7 Radius anterior oblique line area for extensor pollicis brevis and abductor pollicis longus muscles area for lunate bone area for scaphoid bone anterior border anterior surface dorsal tubercle groove for extensor digitorum and extensor indicis muscles groove for extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis muscles groove for extensor pollicis longus muscle head interosseous border neck posterior surface radial tuberosity styloid process7 ulnar notch Ramus of ischium Ramus of mandible Rectus abdominis muscle Rectus capitis anterior muscle Rectus capitis lateralis muscle Rectus capitis posterior major muscle Rectus capitis posterior minor muscle Rectus femoris muscle Rectus sheath

Rhomboids major muscle Rhomboids minor muscle Rib false floating true Risorius muscle Root of spine0 Rotator cuff muscles Rotatores muscles S Sacral canal Sacral part of pelvic brim (linea terminalis) Sacral promontory Sacral tuberosity Sacroiliac joint Sacrum ala (lateral part) anterior (pelvic) sacral foramina apex auricular surface base coccyx intermediate sacral crest lateral sacral crest lumbosacral articular surface median sacral crest posterior sacral foramina promontory sacral canal sacral part of pelvic brim (linea terminalis) sacral tuberosity superior articular process superior articular facet transverse process of coccyx transverse ridges Sagittal suture Sartorius muscle Scalenes Scaphoid Scapula acromion process angle of acromion axillary border (lateral) coracoid process glenoid fossa groove for circumflex scapular vessels inferior angle infraglenoid tubercle infraspinous fossa medial angle root of spine spine of subscapular fossa superior angle superior margin superior notch supraglenoid tubercle supraspinous fossa vertebral (medial) border Semimembranosus muscle Semispinalis capitis muscle Semispinalis cervicis muscle Semispinalis thoracis muscle Semitendinosus muscle Serratus anterior muscle

Serratus posterior inferior muscle Serratus posterior superior muscle Shaft of clavicle femur metacarpals phalanges rib Skeleton Skull Soleal line of tibia Soleus muscle Sphenoid bone foramen ovale foramen spinosum greater wing lesser wing pterygoid process hamulus lateral plate medial plate pterygoid fossa scaphoid fossa spine Spinalis capitis muscle Spinalis cervicis muscle Spinalis thoracis muscle Spine of scapula sphenoid bone Spinous process Splenius capitis muscle Splenius cervicis muscle Squamous part Squamous suture Sternal angle Sternal end of clavicle Sternocleidomastoid muscle Sternohyoid muscle Sternothyroid muscle Sternum body manubrium xyphoid process Stylohyoid muscle Styloid process o radius temporal ulna Stylomastoid foramen Subclavian groove Subclavius muscle Subcostal muscles Subcutaneous bursa Subcutaneous calcaneal bursa Subcutaneous olecranon bursa Subscapular fossa Subdeltoid bursa Sublingual fossa of mandible Submandibular fossa of mandible Subscapularis muscle Subtendinous bursa of calcaneal (achilles) tendon Superior angle of scapula Superior articular facet of rib sacrum vertebra Superior articular process

Superior articular surface of tibia Superior costal facet Superior extensor retinaculum Superior fibular (peroneal) retinaculum1 Superior margin Superior notch Superior nuchal line Superior oblique muscle Superior orbital fissure Superior pubic ramus Superior rectus muscle Supinator muscle Supracondylar crest Supraglenoid tubercle Suprahyoids Supraorbital notch (foramen) Supraspinatus muscle Supraspinous fossa Suprasternal notch (Jugular notch) Supinator crest Surgical neck of humerus Sustenaculum tali Symphyseal surface Synovial sac T Talus Tarsal sinus Tarsals Tarsometatarsal joint Temporal bone articular tubercle carotid canal external auditory cana jugular fossa mandibular fossa mastoid canaliculus mastoid foramen mastoid notch mastoid process occipital groove petrotympanic fissure petrous part squamous part styloid process stylomastoid foramen temporal fossa tympanic canaliculus zygomatic process Temporal fossa Temporal process Temporalis muscle Tendinous sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris (bursa) extensor digiti minimi (bursa) extensor digitorum and extensor indicis (bursa) extensor digitorum longus and peroneus tertius extensor hallucis longus extensor pollicis brevis and adductor pollicis longus (bursa) extensor pollicis longus (bursa) flexor hallucis longus flexor digitorum longus flexor pollicis (radial bursa) phalanges (bursa) tibialis anterior tibialis posterior Tensor fascia lata muscle

Teres major muscle Teres minor muscle Thoracolumbar fascia Thorax Thyrohyoid muscle Tibia anterior border articular surface for head of fibula attachment of cruciate ligament attachments of horns of meniscus condyle fibular notch groove for insertion of Semimembranosus inferior articular surface intercondylar eminence intercondylar notch intercondylar tubercle interosseous border lateral intercondylar tubercle malleolar articular surface medial border medial malleolus oblique line posterior intercondylar area soleal line superior articular surface tibial tuberosity Tibialis anterior tendon Tibial tuberosity Tibialis anterior muscle Tibialis posterior muscle Transverse foramen Transverse process of coccyx Transversospinalis muscle Transverse abdominis muscle Transverse costal facet Transverse palatine suture Transverse process of coccyx Transverse ridges Transverse tarsal joint Transverse thoracis muscle Trapezoid Trapezoid line Trapezium Trapezius muscle Triceps brachii muscle Triceps brachii tendon Triquetrum Trochlea Trochlear notch Tubercle of conoid ilium humerus ilium infraglenoid rib supraglenoid talus Tuberosity of calcaneus phalanx of great toe distal phalanges Tympanic canaliculus U

Ulna anterior border anterior surface coronoid process head interosseous border olecranon process posterior surface radial notch styloid process supinator crest trochlear notch ulnar tuberosity ulnar notch ulnar tuberosity V Vastus intermedius muscle Vastus lateralis muscle Vastus medialis muscle Vertebra cervical lumbar thoracic Vertebral column Vertebral (medial) border of scapula Vertebral foramen Vomer bon ala W Wing (ala, iliac fossa) X Xiphoid process Z Zygapophyseal joint Zygomatic arch Zygomatic bone frontal process orbital surface temporal process zygomatic arch zygomaticofacial foramen Zygomaticofacial foramen Zygomaticus major muscle Zygomaticus minor muscle Zygomatic process