Realities of the Watershed Management Approach · Realities of the Watershed Management Approach:...

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Realities of the Watershed Realities of the Watershed Management Approach:Management Approach:

The The MagatMagat Watershed ExperienceWatershed Experience

Dulce D. ElazeguiUniversity Researcher

ISPPS, UPLB

Edwin A. CombalicerFaculty Member, College of Forestry

Nueva Vizcaya State University

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IntroductionIntroduction

…showcase the experience of the Magatwatershed…

…Proclamation No. 573 on June 26, 1969

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Watershed Sustainability

policy and political environment

social and institutional mechanisms

financial support

actors and players

IntroductionIntroduction

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MAGATMAGATWATERSHEDWATERSHED

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Classified Area within the Classified Area within the MagatMagatWatershedWatershed

Lower Magat Forest ReserveBarobbob WatershedImugan-Cabanglasan Sub-watershedDupax Watershed Forest Reserve


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Biophysical Characteristics

Type II


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SedimentationSedimentation

0

50

100

150

200

250

1982 1984 1989 1995 2000

Year

Acc

umul

ated

Sed

imen

t Vol

. (M

illio

n cu

.m)


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SocioSocio--economic Conditionseconomic Conditions

Watershed population as of May 2001 …483,411 Nueva Vizcaya accounts … 76% …watershed’s population Average household …4.92 persons Average population density ….205 persons/km2

Population growth rates of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela are lower than the national average …2%

Population

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• Ilocano and Ifugao• Others

BugkalotsIlongotsKalanguyaGaddang

SocioSocio--economic Conditionseconomic ConditionsEthnicity Interaction with

external Societies

Some communities enjoy intensive support, resources, information or influence from NGOs and donorsOther communities are quasi self-reliant

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Agriculture, livestock, and service

SocioSocio--economic Conditionseconomic ConditionsRevenue Generation

service sector … 45.73% agriculture sector … 43.12%livestock sector … 11.15%

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Magat watershed resources


Timber (From Natural and Plantation Forest) Rattan Quarry (Gravel and sand, mines)WildlifeAgroforestry landRangeland for grazingReservoir surface area

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National Power Corporation (NPC)National Irrigation Administration (NIA),FisherfolkUpland farmers


Major watershed users

Peoples’ organizations Barangay residents within the watershedNon-government organizationsWater operatorsMining companies

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WATERSHED MANAGEMENT REALITIES:AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

WATERSHED MANAGEMENT REALITIES:WATERSHED MANAGEMENT REALITIES:AN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSISAN INSTITUTIONAL ANALYSIS

Economic considerations or financial capital

Technical and administrative capacity/intellectual capital

Capacity for social governance, i.e., social and institutional capital

Legal framework within which the management approach operates, i.e., political capital

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Economic Considerations Economic Considerations (Financial Capital) (Financial Capital)

DENR- JICA (2003)…Master Plan Study for Watershed Management in Upper Magat and Cagayan River Basin

Watershed management initiatives … land use planning, forest management, rehabilitation and restoration, soil conservation, livelihood, capacity building, and cost sharing mechanism



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Most projects … DENR, Provincial ENROs of NuevaVizcaya, Isabela and Quirino, and CENROs of NuevaVizcaya (Dupax del Norte, Bayombong, and Aritao), Isabela and Quirino

Supervision and control of utilization and protection of water resources are exercised by the National Water Resources Board (NWRB)

NPC, NIA, POs, … involved in watershed protection projects in Magat



Economic Considerations (Financial Capital) Economic Considerations (Financial Capital)

Watershed and Water Management Initiatives

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Watershed projects … generally implemented in collaboration with other stakeholders

National Commission on Indigenous People … identification of ancestral land domain, and organization of indigenous cultural communities and indigenous peoples

NCIP … mediated in resolving conflict





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Watershed management initiatives … short-term to medium-term projectsDENR … yearly allocation of PhP2.6 million for natural forest protection … PhP1.6 million per soil and water conservation measures from 1994-2003NIA … PhP3 million for a one-year projectNPC spent …PhP2 million in 2000 for regular patrolling … PhP2.7 million for information dissemination





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Provinces within the Magat watershed …budget allocations for forest protection

Nueva Vizcaya … budget allocation of PhP728 per ha

Created a provincial Environment and Natural Resource Office (ENRO)





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1. Reforestation by Administration (REFO-A)

2. Reforestation by Contract (REFO-C)

3. Watershed Rehabilitation Project (WRP)

4. International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) project

5. NIA and NPC project 6. Provincial Waterworks

Office Activities

7. Grow a Family Tree for Legacy

8. Barobbob Watershed Resource Management Project

9. Lower Magat Forest Management Project

10. Center for People Empowerment in the Upland (CPEU)

11. Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) Project




Scope of Projects

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Technical/Administrative Capacity (Intellectual Capital)

Watershed Management

DisciplineISCAFISCAFISUISU

NVSUNVSU

QSCQSC

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Agencies involved in Magat watershed management … full-time work basis

CENRO … one to five

PENRO … one

ENRO … four personnel

NIA and NPC have six and eight



Technical/Administrative Capacity (Intellectual Capital) Technical/Administrative Capacity (Intellectual Capital)

Number of Personnel in Watershed Management

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Personnel … technical background with degrees

Personnel … training … watershed characterization, erosion control, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), soil and water conservation, environmental impact assessment (EIA), and community organizing



Technical/Administrative Capacity (Intellectual Capital) Technical/Administrative Capacity (Intellectual Capital)

Educational Background of Personnel

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DENR provides resources and services … to ensure effective protection, development, and management DENR-PENROs plan, coordinate and control various activities and guide, supervise, and provide logistics to CENRO operationsNIA and NPC … to manage, develop, and rehabilitate portions of Magat Dam LGUs encourage and promote participation of the private sector and entrepreneurs …lead and provide assistance to communities … endorse applications to CBFM Agreement



Social Governance Capacity (Social/Institutions Capital)

Social Governance Capacity (Social/Institutions Capital) Social Governance Capacity (Social/Institutions Capital)

Governing structure and sharing of responsibilities

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18 POsTwelve POs are in Nueva VizcayaFive in QuirinoOne in IsabelaPOs … CBFM projects, trainings on accounting, entrepreneurship, leadership, IPM, and reforestation




Community Participation

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Barobbob Watershed Resource Management Tree for Legacy Lower Magat Forest Management Project CBFM project of the Federation of Vista Hills, Kalongkong Upland Farmers Associations, Inc.




Sharing of power and responsibilities

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Galing Pook award of excellence in 1999… declared a protected areaDevolved to the province People organized … Barobbob Watershed Occupants Association Provincial government entered into a Land Management Agreement with BWOA Provincial ENRO of Nueva Vizcaya …a composite management team … in the watershed




Barobbob Watershed Resource Management

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Motivated people’s participation by providing incentives Ownership and harvesting rights (Tree for Education, Enterprise), and usufruct certificates for protection forest (Tree for Legacy) Started with 500 ha in 1993 … over 2,000 ha 2,000 individual participants, 205 schools, 205 Parent-teacher Associations, 230 NGOs and POs, and 26 line agencies involved




Tree for Legacy

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Co-management agreementLMFMO … Governor and RED DENR appropriated funds for research … transfer of technologies to LMFMO Provincial government … operating budget 22% of the forest reserve … 28 Agro-forestry Land Management Agreements and Community-Based Agro-forestry Land Management Agreements




Lower Magat Forest Management Project

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Model Sustainable Development Project Regional Model search by the Regional Council for Sustainable Development Funded by ITTO and assisted by DENR and the Buenavista Upland Development Advisory Council (BUDAC)




CBFM project of the Federation of Vista Hills, Kalongkong Upland Farmers Associations, Inc.

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Proclamation 573 of 1969Executive Order 281 of 1995 DENR Memorandum Order No. 14 of 1994 DAO No. 05 of 1993



Legal Framework (Political Capital)

National Policies

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Memorandum of Agreement Land Tenure Agreement Certificate of Tree Ownership (CTO) and Certificate of Usufruct (CU) Certificate of Land Ownership Award




Interface Between National and Local Level

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Sangguniang Panlalawigan No. 321-1993 Executive Order No. 64-1996 Sangguniang Panlalawigan Ordinance No. 209-1997 Sangguniang Panlalawigan Resolution No. 98-138LMRMS Administrative Order No. 99-01 Sangguniang Panlalawigan Ordinance No. 99-013 Barangay ordinances



Local Policies


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Private Woodlot Management System (MuyongSystem)Communal Forest Management System



Informal Management Practices


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Water use Land use Tree harvesting rights Strategic Agriculture and

Fishery Development Zones (SAFDZs)



Conflict Management


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FACILITATING AND FACILITATING AND CONSTRAINING FACTORS CONSTRAINING FACTORS

Conflict and disputes … stakeholders over resource use; Weak and unsustained support …people and other stakeholders; Limited or restrained capacity of LGUs … policy provisions and/or inconsistency …

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ConclusionConclusion

Watershed as a ‘lifeshed’

Land

Water resources

Human

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ConclusionConclusionCompetence and Motivation

LGULGUPolitical Leadership

Participatory

Resourceful

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ConclusionConclusion‘Lifelines’

IncentivesIncentivesPartnership/Partnership/CoCo--managementmanagement

SustainableSustainableWatershedWatershed

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Salamat saPakikinig…

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