REALISTIC SYNTHETIC KEY BLOCK ANALYSIS TO COMPARE ... · REALISTIC SYNTHETIC KEY BLOCK ANALYSIS TO...
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REALISTIC SYNTHETIC KEY BLOCK ANALYSIS TO
COMPARE DIFFERENT SUPPORT SCENARIOS
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METHODOLOGY
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Methodology
Geotechnical data
• Data gathering.
• Stereographic projections and discontinuity analysis.
• Statistical analysis, processing and quality control.
Key block analysis input
parameters
• Key block creation
• Define a support scenario
• Hazard Analysis
• Correlation between FOG database and synthetic database
Comparative key block analysis
• Compare different support scenarios
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GEOTECHNICAL DATA Geotechnical
data
• Data gathering.
• Stereographic projections and discontinuity analysis.
• Statistical analysis, processing and quality control.
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Geotechnical Data
• Data gathering.
Mining Direction
Dip
Strike Scan Line
Dip
Sca
n L
ine
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Geotechnical Data
• Data gathering.
• Stereographic projections and discontinuity analysis.
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Friction Angle
• Point Estimate Method applied to the Barton and Bandis equation.
• JCS derived from Schmidt hammer rebound number.
• σn estimation can be derived from Examine 2D.
• JRC is derived from field observations.
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Geotechnical Data
• Data gathering
• Stereographic projections and Discontinuity analysis
• Statistical analysis, processing and quality control.
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Joint Data 1
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Joint Data 2
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KEY BLOCK ANALYSIS INPUT PARAMETERS Key block
analysis input parameters
• Key block creation
o Key block creation limits
o Generate 100 000 key blocks
• Define a support scenario
o Represent support used inside the time period of FOG database
• Run Hazard Analysis
o Block filtering: tall thin block clamping
• Correlation between FOG database and synthetic database
o Fallout distribution of volume
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Project flow of JBlock
• Now we have a geo-domain
• Build excavation
• Generate key-blocks o Creation limits
• Define support scenario o In-use at time of FOG DB
o External loading
Stress in skin of excavation
• Run hazard analysis
o Block filtering
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Key block creation limits
• Block creation
o Max aspect ratio considered
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0.00%
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0
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0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 3.1 3.3 3.5 3.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.7 4.9 5.1 5.3 5.5
Fre
qu
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Bin
Aspect Ratio: Longest Edge
Series1
Series2
Aspect ratio = longest edge/volume1/3 Max =5.4
FOG database
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Project flow of JBlock
• Now we have a geo-domain
• Build an excavation
• Generate key-blocks o Creation limits
• Define support scenario o In-use at time of FOG DB
o External loading
Stress in skin of excavation
• Run hazard analysis o Block filtering
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Analyse a support scenario
Filter blocks for clamping or extreme size…
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Batch run several scenarios
Filter block sizes/clamping to use in analysis
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Block filtering input parameters
• Block filtering
o Tall thin block clamping
Mid height
Height to face area ratio
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Block filtering: Mid height
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1.9 2
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Fre
qu
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cy
Bin
Histogram: Thickness
Series1
Series2
Mid height = Max thickness / 2 Max = 3.5
Mid height = 1.75
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Block filtering: Height to face area ratio
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Fre
qu
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cy
Bin
Height to face area ratio
Series1
Series2
Height to face area ratio = thickness/face area1/2 Max =1.1
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Is the synthetic database realistic? • Block creation
oMax aspect ratio considered
• Block filtering o Mid height
o Height to face area ratio
• Correlation: FOG database vs synthetic database o Compare different clamping stresses
Correlation Coefficient
Kolmogorov-Smirnov: Two Sample Test
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Clamping Correlation
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4.6
5.2
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6.4 7
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.4 13
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.4 19
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.4 22
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.2
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.82
4.4 25
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.6
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.2
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.8
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.4 28
Fallout: Volume
Clamping Correlation: Volume
2kPa
4kPa
6kPa
8kPa
10kPa
Actual: FOG DB
40% 80%
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Clamping Correlation
Clamping Stress [kPa]
Correlation coefficient [%]
Max Error [%]
Avg Error [%]
2 92% 38% 15% 4 92% 38% 17% 6 94% 32% 16% 8 96% 27% 9%
10 94% 30% 15%
Kolmogorov-Smirnov: Two Sample Test
Correlation coefficient
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Clamping Correlation
0%
10%
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30%
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100%
2 4 6 8 10
Clamping Stress [kPa]
Correlation: Clamping Stress
Correlation
MaxD
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COMPARATIVE KEY BLOCK ANALYSIS
Comparative key block analysis
• Compare different support scenarios
• Compare support strategies
• Different tendon lengths.
• Optimize support spacing
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When analyzing a support scenario
• Evaluate blocks that can fail
• This implies that we want to evaluate: – Stable by support – Failed support – Failed by rotation – Failed between support
• We don’t want to take into account: – Stable over solid – Stable by friction – Stable no sliding – Tall clamped blocks
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Support Comparison
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RESULTS EXPRESSED AS FALLS PER 10 000m2
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What is driving the Mode of Failure?
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What is driving the Support Failure?
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Size distributions of failed key blocks?
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Different tendon lengths?