Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP...
Transcript of Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP...
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Real-time 802.11 on WARPPatrick Murphy
Mango CommunicationsNov 2013
http://mangocomm.comhttp://warpproject.org
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A Bit of History• Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006
• Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal• Rice team designed WARP v1 and v2 hardware• Community support, reference designs, 11 workshops• Distributed hardware to 25+ research groups
• Mango Communications founded in 2008• Took over hardware manufacturing & distribution• Took over all WARP development and support in early 2012 • Released all-new WARP v3 hardware in mid-2012
• Already most widely-adopted version of WARP hardware
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WARP Reference Designs
• WARPLab Reference Design• OFDM Reference Design
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WARP Reference Designs
• Rapid PHY prototyping with MATLAB and WARP hardware
• Raw Tx/Rx waveforms via Ethernet
• Multi-antenna and multi-node from one script
• WARPLab 7
• Re-designed from scratch in early 2013
• Much cleaner code for multi-antenna / multi-node experiments
• Much faster than previous versions
• Custom mex function for network I/O
• 2.1 msec to read 819 µsec of 40MHz “air” time
WARPLab
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WARP Reference Designs
• MIMO OFDM PHY in FPGA
• SISO, 2x2 multiplexing, 2x1 STBC, selection diversity
• AF and DF cooperation
• Custom frame format with 10 MHz bandwidth
• CSMA MAC in C
• One software app for PHY control and full MAC
• No higher layer MAC roles (AP vs STA, etc)
• Interoperates across all generations of WARP hardware
OFDM Ref Design
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WARP Reference Designs
• WARPLab Reference Design• OFDM Reference Design• 802.11 Reference Design
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• Interoperability• Real-time MAC & PHY in FPGA
• No compromises on MAC timing or PHY features
• AP & station implementations
• Experimental Visibility• Hooks throughout MAC & PHY
• Framework for running experiments and understanding results
• Extensibility• All source code open
• Behavior specified in software whenever possible
• Interfaces for real world traffic
802.11 Reference Design
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802.11 Reference Design
MAC FrameworkMAC
MAC DCF Core
PHY
HardwareWARP v3 Node
Software
FPGA CoreWARP Hardware
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
MicroBlaze CPU
Top-Level MAC
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802.11 Reference Design
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
• CPU High• All inter-MPDU processing• Wired-wireless portal• Queueing• Role-specific behaviors
• Beacons• Associations
• Channel selection• Framework for common code
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• CPU Low• All intra-MPDU processing• Rate selection• Re-transmissions• Backoff selections• PHY configuration• Same code for any top-level MAC
802.11 Reference Design
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
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802.11 Reference Design
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
• DCF Core• DCF MAC state
• Carrier sensing (CCA)• Slot timer• Backoff counter• NAV
• Real-time PHY control• All parameters set by CPU Low
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802.11 Reference Design
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
• PHY Cores• Designed in System Generator• OFDM Tx• OFDM & DSSS Rx• All SISO PHY rates• All synchronization real-time per pkt• 160MHz core clock• Flexible bandwidth (20MHz max)
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802.11 Reference Design
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
• Hardware• Usual hardware support cores
• radio_controller, ad_controller, Ethernet, etc.
• Standard Mango WARP v3 node• FPGA resource utilization:
LUT FF Mult BRAM802.11 Usage 62983 65073 135 245*
V6 Chip Total 150720 301440 768 416% Used 41% 21% 17% 55%
*71 BRAM used by ChipScope ILA in Rx PHY
Design v0.6-beta
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Packet Flow Example
Data TxCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
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Packet Flow Example
Data TxCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx Done
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Packet Flow Example
Data TxCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx Done
Pkt RxACK RxTx Success
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Packet Flow Example
Data Tx with Re-transmissionCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx DoneTimeout
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Packet Flow Example
Data Tx with Re-transmissionCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx DoneTimeout
Backoff
Pkt Tx
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Packet Flow Example
Data Tx with Re-transmissionCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx DoneTimeout
Backoff
Pkt TxPkt Tx
Tx Done
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Packet Flow Example
Data Tx with Re-transmissionCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx Done
Pkt RxACK RxTx Success
Timeout
Backoff
Pkt TxPkt Tx
Tx Done
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Packet Flow Example
Data Tx with Re-transmissionCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx Done
Pkt RxACK RxTx Success
Timeout
Backoff
Pkt TxPkt Tx
Tx Done
Idle
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Packet Flow Example
Data Tx with Re-transmissionCPU High CPU Low DCF Core PHY
MPDU Tx Pkt Tx Pkt Tx
Tx Done
Pkt RxACK RxTx Success
Timeout
Backoff
Pkt TxPkt Tx
Tx Done
Idle
CPU High free to manage higher-layer state (802.11 management processes, Ethernet traffic, queueing, user
interaction, etc.) while CPU Low and hardware perform actual transmissions and receptions
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MAC Timing Calibration
• Standard gives precise IFS durations• Tight tolerance required
• Example: SIFS = (16 ± 0.9)µs on medium• Must account for hardware & implementation latencies
• Tricky calibration problem
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802.11 Ref Design WARP v3 AP
Linksys WRT54G STA
Power Splitter
WARP v3Monitor
Oscilloscope
(RSSI > Thresh)
PHY TxPHY Rx
Hardware Setup
MAC Timing Calibration
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WARP AP ⇄ Wi-Fi Station
Data ACK
MAC Timing Calibration
WARP Tx
WARP Rx
Energy Monitor
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WARP AP ⇄ Wi-Fi Station
9µsSlot
MAC Timing Calibration
WARP Tx
WARP Rx
Energy Monitor
AC
K
Data
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WARP AP ⇄ Wi-Fi Station
Deferred transmissions at slot boundaries
MAC Timing Calibration
WARP Tx
WARP Rx
Energy Monitor
AC
K
Data
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WARP AP ⇄ Wi-Fi Station
MAC Timing Calibration
WARP Tx
WARP Rx
Energy Monitor
Data
AC
K16µsSIFS
34µsDIFS
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WARP AP ⇄ Wi-Fi Station
16µsSIFS
MAC Timing Calibration
WARP Tx
WARP Rx
Energy Monitor
Data
AC
K34µsDIFS
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WARP AP ⇄ Wi-Fi Station
16µsSIFS
MAC Timing Calibration
WARP Tx
WARP Rx
Energy Monitor
Data
AC
K34µsDIFS
Calibration confirmed by simple energy-only observer seeing identical medium idle intervals from WARP and Wi-Fi devices
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• Interoperability• Real-time MAC & PHY in FPGA
• No compromises on MAC timing or PHY features
• AP & station implementations
• Experimental Visibility• Hooks throughout MAC & PHY
• Framework for running experiments and understanding results
• Extensibility• All source code open
• Behavior specified in software whenever possible
• Interfaces for real world traffic
802.11 Reference Design
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Experiment FrameworkWARPnet
• New framework for real-time control and measurement
• Directly observe PHY/MAC events at all nodes in real-time
• Hooks throughout 802.11 Reference Design MAC and PHY
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Experiment Framework
• Timestamp• Tx Power, Rate, Length• MAC headers• Sequence number• Tx result (ACK/timeout, number
of re-transmissions, etc.)
Transmit Events• Timestamp• Rx Power, Rate, Length• MAC headers• Sequence number• Per-subcarrier channel estimates• Rx result (FCS good/bad)
Receive Events
Baseline Implementation
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
Wi-Fi Client Mango 802.11 Reference Design AP
TCP Speed Test(Uplink then Downlink)
802.11 Wireless Link
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
Visualization of WARPnet log for 50 second experiment
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
Rx Power
Rx Times & Rates
Visualization of WARPnet log for 50 second experiment
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
Rx Rates
Visualization of WARPnet log for 50 second experiment
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
# Re-Transmissions
Tx Times & Rates
Visualization of WARPnet log for 50 second experiment
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
# Re-Transmissions
Visualization of WARPnet log for 50 second experiment
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
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≈2.5 seconds
Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
Rx Power
Rx Times & Rates
# Re-Transmissions
Tx Times & Rates
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Experiment FrameworkDemonstration
Channel Estimates
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Experiment FrameworkWARPnet
• Prototype framework built in MATLAB
• Too slow for multi-node experiments with long logs
• Re-implementation in Python is underway
• Will be part of 802.11 Reference Design v1.0 release
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• Interoperability• Real-time MAC & PHY in FPGA
• No compromises on MAC timing or PHY features
• AP & station implementations
• Experimental Visibility• Hooks throughout MAC & PHY
• Framework for running experiments and understanding results
• Extensibility• All source code open
• Behavior specified in software whenever possible
• Interfaces for real world traffic
802.11 Reference Design
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Ethernet
Networks & Real Traffic
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
• Ethernet encapsulation is straightforward • Wired-wireless bridging already built
• AP wired to PC or network• PC wired to each STA
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PC PC PC
Network
AP
Stations
Networks & Real Traffic
…
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PC PC PC
Network
AP
Stations
Networks & Real Traffic
…
PC-per-station works fine, but doesn’t scale well for larger experiments and limits interaction between OS and MAC/PHY.
![Page 48: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Networks & Real Traffic
Ethernet
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
![Page 49: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Ethernet
Networks & Real Traffic
802.11 NIC?MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
![Page 50: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Networks & Real Traffic
802.11 NIC?
PC OS
MAC Framework
MAC DCF Core
WARP v3 Node
Hardware Support
CPU High
802.11 DCF MACCPU Low
PHY Tx PHY Rx
Top-Level MAC
![Page 51: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Proof of Concept: Wireless NIC
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Proof of Concept: Wireless NICWARP v3 Node
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Zynq FMC Module using Avnet MicroZed SOM
Proof of Concept: Wireless NIC
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• Proof of concept• Ubuntu Desktop in Zynq• WARP v3 + 802.11 as NIC• User-mode driver via TUN/TAP• USB display, keyboard & mouse• Observe- no Ethernet connections
Proof of Concept: Wireless NIC
![Page 55: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
iperf TCP Web browsing
802.11 Ref Design WARP v3 STA
Linux on ZynqLinksys
WRT54G AP
EthernetWi-Fi
Proof of Concept: Wireless NIC
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iperf TCP Web browsing
802.11 Ref Design WARP v3 STA
Linux on ZynqLinksys
WRT54G AP
EthernetWi-Fi
Proof of Concept: Wireless NIC
Demo videos at:http://youtu.be/ooybCltXkEo
![Page 57: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Preliminary Characterization
Proof of Concept: Wireless NIC
802.11 Ref Design WARP v3 STA
Linksys WRT54G AP65dB
PCEthernetEthernetPC
802.11 Ref Design WARP v3 STA
Linksys WRT54G AP65dB
PCEthernet
Linux on Zynq
Linksys WRT54G AP65dB
PCEthernetEthernetPC Linksys
WRT54G STA
![Page 58: Real-time 802.11 on WARPperz/swtbwr2/2013/slides/Murphy.pdf · A Bit of History • Rice WARP funded by NSF in 2006 • Led by Prof. Ashu Sabharwal • Rice team designed WARP v1](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022042913/5f4bf319993d1c4ed36f9080/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
0
6
12
18
24
30
36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps
UD
P Th
roug
hput
(Mbp
s)
PHY Rate (Mbps)
PC → Linksys AP → WARP STA → ZynqPC → Linksys AP → WARP STA → PCPC → Linksys AP → Linksys STA → PC
Proof of Concept: Wireless NICPreliminary Characterization
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0
6
12
18
24
30
36 Mbps 48 Mbps 54 Mbps
UD
P Th
roug
hput
(Mbp
s)
PHY Rate (Mbps)
PC → Linksys AP → WARP STA → ZynqPC → Linksys AP → WARP STA → PCPC → Linksys AP → Linksys STA → PC
Proof of Concept: Wireless NICPreliminary Characterization
Pleasingly boring results- 802.11 Reference Design matches performance of Wi-Fi devices, whether bridged via Ethernet
or as a programmable wireless NIC
(Full characterization underway - see http://warpproject.org/802.11)
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• All source, documentation & characterization online: ! http://warpproject.org/802.11
• Current version is 0.6-beta
• Aiming for 1.0 release in January
• WARPnet framework in Python
• Cleaned and commented C code
• Migration to Xilinx ISE 14.7
• Feedback is always welcome
Mango 802.11 Reference Design