NHNG NGUYN TC CA TH HC MINghin cu ca chng ti c xem xt v cn nhc ni dung c cp trong hin chng kin trc th c thng qua vo nm 1996. Nhng iu l ny c c kt thnh 27 nguyn tc , nu r c quan im, trit l ca thit k th. Nhng nguyn tc ny lun lun c ga tr ng n trong mi thi im.Chng ti tin rng nhng nguyn tc c bn c hnh thnh qua cc cuc trao i gia nhng bn lin quan trong qu trnh thit k th, to thnh nhng nn tng vng chc cho vic to lp nhng cng ng pht trin bn vng.Cc t chc, cng ty thit k nn nm bt tht vng vng 27 nguyn tc ny v hp tc hiu qa vi khch hng v ch u t, trong vic phc hi , to dng cc khu vc lin kt cht ch vi cc vng xung quanh, ti cu hnh cc khu vc m trong cng ng trong cc khu tht s, cc khu vc a dng, bo tn mi trng t nhin, bo tn ti ngun ti nguyn xy dng.

HIN CHNG TH MIHi ngh xem xt kh nng thu ht u t km ti khu trung tm thnh ph, s lan trn ca cc khng gian v hn, gia tng s cch bit gia tn gio v thu nhp, s xung cp ca mi trng, s mt dn t nng nghip, s xi mn cc ga tr di sn x hi cng nh l mi lin h gia cc cng ng, thch thc trong cng tc xy dngChng ta chu trch nhim cho vic phc hi li cc trung tm th vi mi lin h cht ch vi vng th ln cn, ti cu hnh cc khu vc m trong cng ng trong cc khu tht s, cc khu vc a dng, bo tn mi trng t nhin, bo tn ti ngun ti nguyn xy dng.Chng ti nhn ra nhng gii php thc th khng th gii quyt c cc vn kinh t x hi cng nh l kch hot ng lc kinh t, s n nh ca cng ng, sc khe mi trng m bo s bn vng m khng c s gn kt v cc khun kh, iu l h tr khc.Chng ti tn thnh vic ti cu trc cc chnh sch cng cng v kinh nghim pht trin h tr cc nguyn tc sau : Cc khu nn a dng ha trong vic s dng t v dn c, cng ng nn c thit k cho khch b hnh, cc phng tin cng cng, xc nh r rng cc hnh th th, tng cng vic tip cn n cc khng gian v khu vc cng trnh cng cng. To lp cc khng gian th c trng thng qua vic thit k kin trc, cnh quan da trn tnh c trng ca khu vc nh : c im lch s, kh hu, a hnh, sinh thi v c im kin trc Chng ti th hin s ng h ca tan b cng dn, bao gm cng chng v cc nh lnh o khu vc t nhn, nh hot ng x hi, cc chuyn gia t mi lnh vc khc nhau. Chng ti c y thc vic ti thit li mi quan h gia ngh thut kin trc cng trnh v ngh thut kin to cng ng, thng qua qu trnh thit k v quy hoch tham d ca c dn thnh ph.Chnt ti hin dng tt c sc lc cho cng tc ci to cng trnh, cc block nh, ng ph, cng vin, khu , khu vc , th trn , thnh ph v vng.Chng ti xut cc nguyn tc sau y cho vic hng dn cc chnh sch, iu l , xy dng pht trin trong thit k v quy hoch th .

CP VNG: TH CC LN, THNH PH, TH TRNNguyn tc 1Cc vng th l nhng n v kinh t pht trin tan din trong th gii hin i. Cc t chc chnh ph, chnh sch cng cng, quy hoch vt th v chin lc kinh t phi phn nh c nt c trng mi ny.Nguyn tc 2Cc khu th, trung tm l nhng khu vc c gii hn c th bi c im a hnh, mt nc, b bin, nng tri, cng vin vng v lu vc sng. Cc khu vc th l cc khu vc trung tm a chc nng nh l : thnh ph, th trn,lng x. Mi khu vc u c trung tm ring v ranh gii r rng.Nguyn tc 3Cc khu th c mi quan h v lin kt mng manh vi khu vc canh tc v cnh quan xung quanh. Mi quan h ny l v mt mi trng, kinh t, v vn ha. t nng nghip v mi trng t nhin l nhn t quan trng cho th.Nguyn tc 4 :M hnh pht trin th khng nn lm m nht hay xa b ranh gii th.Nng cp th hin hu, bo tn ngun lc t nhin, u t kinh t, li ch x hi trong khi ci to khu vc kh trng trt v b b hoang. Vng th nn pht trin cc chin lc khuyn khch nng cp pht trin m rng ra cc vng ngoi vi.Nguyn tc 5Ti nhng v tr thch hp, cc khu vc pht trin mi tip xc vi ranh gii th nn c t chc nh l cc nhm v khu , kt hp hi ha vi m hnh th hin hu. Cc khu vc pht trin khng tip xc hay k cn vi th nn c t chc nh l cc th trn, lng vi ranh gii r rng, m bo cn bng ngun nh v vic lm.Nguyn tc 6Vic pht trin v ti pht trin th nn xem xt n cc yu t lch s, cc tin l v ranh gii khu vc.Nguyn tc 7Cc thnh ph v th trn em li nhng hnh nh cng cng v c nhn s dng h tr kinh t vng , em li li ch kinh t cho tt c mi tng lp. Ngun nh a dng cung ng, phn phi hiu qu m bo cn i vi c hi vic lm, trnh i ngho.Nguyn tc 8 Cc t chc, khu vc thc th ca vng nn c h tr bi h thng giao thng a dng. Vn ti, khch b hnh, h thng xe p nn ti a ha cch tip cn v linh hot qua li gia cc th. Trong khi gim s l thuc vo xe t.Nguyn tc 9 Ti nguyn quc gia v ngun lc c th chia s hp tc gia cc khu trung tm trong vng trnh s cnh tranh khng cn thit cho thu v s hp tc hp l ca h thng giao thng, gii tr, dch v cng cng, ngun nh v c quan hnh chnh.

CP KHU , QUN, HNH LANGNguyn tc 10Cc nhm, khu v hnh lang l nhng nhn t quan trng cho vic pht trin v ti pht trin trong khu th. N hnh thnh cc khu vc c xc dnh r rng khuyn khch c dn tng cng tnh t qun.Nguyn tc 11Cc nhm nn c mt cao, cc tuyn i b thn thin vi mi trng v s dng hn hp. Cc khu v c bn c nhn mnh bi chc nng s dng c bit, v nn tun theo tiu chun thit k nhm khi c th. Cc hnh lang l cc tuyn kt ni gia nhm v khu . Chng c b cc theo cc giao l, ng t, ng st n b sng v cc i l.Nguyn tc 12Cc hot ng thng ngy nn m bo khang cch di b, to s c lp di chuyn cho nhng c nhn khng c kh nng s dng xe t, c bit l ngi ga v tr em. H thng ng nn c s kt ni ln nhau khuyn khch vic i b, gim chiu di di chuyn phng tin giao thng, tit kim nng lng.Nguyn tc 13Trong cc nhm , cc loi hnh nh nn a dng v chng loi v ga c, p ng nhu cu a dng theo la tui, tn gio, sc tc v thu nhp cho n cc mi quan h , giao tip hng ngy, tng cng tnh ring t ng thi tht cht thm tnh an kt cng cng.

Nguyn tc 14Cc hng lang giao thng, khi c quy hoch cn thn s gip t chc cu trc th v em li sc sng mi cho khu trung tm th. Ngc li, cc hnh lang giao thng cao tc s lm hn ch di sc ht ca khu vc trung tm.Nguyn tc 15Mt cng trnh thch hp v s dng t nn xem xt khong cch i b t cc trm xe but, cho php cc phng tin cng cng tr thnh la chn kh thi.Nguyn tc 16Cc khu vc c quan hnh chnh, khu vc hot ng thng mi nn kt hp vi cc nhm , khng nn phn tch hay c lp, cc ha chc nng. Trng hc nn c b tr ti ni thch hp cho tr em c kh nng i b hay xe p.Nguyn tc 17S n dnh v pht trin kinh t ca cc khu , khu vc c th ci thin thng qua cc tiu chun thit k th phc v nh nhng hng dn cho s thay i.Nguyn tc 18H thng cc loi cng vin, vn hoa nn c phn b t chi tit n tng th, t sn vn cc h gia nh cho n cc vun hoa cng cng. Cc khu vc bo tn v khng gian m nn c xc dnh v kt ni vi cc nhm v khu khc.

CP L T, NG PH V CNG TRNHNguyn tc 19Nhim v c bn ca tt c cng tc thit k kin trc th v cnh quan l s xc nh thc th cc tuyn ng v khng gian cng cng cho vic chia s mc ch s dng.Nguyn tc 20 Cc cng trnh kin trc ring l nn c s lin kt vi cnh quan xung quanh.Nguyn tc 21Vic ti thit v ci to cc a im khng gian th nn da trn s an tan v vn an ninh. Thit k cc tuyn ng v cng trnh nn tng cng tnh an ton trong mi trng, khng nn tng chi ph trong vic tip cn v m rng.Nguyn tc 22Trong cc th ng i, s pht trin phi m bo cn i s lng phng tin giao thng. Tuy nhin, vic pht trin ny phi tn trng h thng giao thng i b v khng gian cng cng.Nguyn tc 23 H thng ng ph v qung ng phi an tan, thun tin v thu ht khch b hnh. Nhng hnh th ph hp, chng s khuyn khch i b v m bo cho tng c dn bit ln nhau v bo v cng ng ca mnh.Nguyn tc 24Thit k kin trc v cnh quan nn quan tm n c dim kh hu da phng, a hnh, lch s v cc cng trnh ln cn.

Nguyn tc 25Cc cng trnh hnh chnh v khng gian cng cng i hi v tr thch hp, nhm tng cng tnh xc nh. Chng thng c hnh dng c trng, c th phn bit r rng vi mi trng xung quanh bi v chc nng ca n khc bit so vi khu vc ln cn.Nguyn tc 26 Tt c cc cng trnh nn to cho ngi s dng cm gic r rng v ni chn, thi tit v thi gian. Cc phng php lm lnh v hp th nhit t nhin thng hiu qa hn so vi h thng k thut c kh,Nguyn tc 27 Bo tn v ci to cc cng trnh, khu vc cnh quan c tnh lch s, nhn mnh tnh lin tc v tin trin ca x hi th.