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• Translation Skill

• Writing Skill

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SkillsSkills

• Distinguishing Facts from Opinion

• Practice 1, P. 15


Reading Skill

Distinguishing Facts from Opinions

Being able to distinguish facts from opinions is thBeing able to distinguish facts from opinions is th

e first essential step in acquiring a critical reading abie first essential step in acquiring a critical reading abi

lity. Many authors lity. Many authors intermingle intermingle (( 混合混合 )) statements of fa statements of fa

ct and opinion in such a way that it is sometimes harct and opinion in such a way that it is sometimes har

d to tell them apart. First let’s see their definitions. d to tell them apart. First let’s see their definitions.

Reading Skill

A fact is a statement about which there could be A fact is a statement about which there could be no argument.no argument.

Opinions are statements which could be denied Opinions are statements which could be denied or argued against, even though you may agree or argued against, even though you may agree with them.with them.

Reading Skill

Usually many students make the mistake of Usually many students make the mistake of

reading opinions they agree with as facts. If, for reading opinions they agree with as facts. If, for

example, an author writes, “example, an author writes, “Most teachers are more Most teachers are more

interested in educating children than in making a lot of interested in educating children than in making a lot of

moneymoney,” and does not support this statement with ,” and does not support this statement with

concrete evidence, it is a statement of opinion no concrete evidence, it is a statement of opinion no

matter how much you or anyone else agree with.matter how much you or anyone else agree with.

Reading Skill

Example:Example:

There are various ways of thinking about social There are various ways of thinking about social

differentiation. One common one is based on differentiation. One common one is based on

difference in sex roles difference in sex roles ((FactFact)). There is no society on . There is no society on

earth where males and females have identical roles earth where males and females have identical roles

(Fact)(Fact). Some people think this is due to biological . Some people think this is due to biological

differences between men and women differences between men and women ((OpinionOpinion)). .

Others think it is the result of cultural influences Others think it is the result of cultural influences

(Opinion)(Opinion)..

Reading Skill

As we see from the example above, As we see from the example above, a fact is usually a fact is usually

a truth.a truth. It should be true when tested by observation It should be true when tested by observation

or experimentation. or experimentation. An opinion, An opinion, in contrast,in contrast, usually s usually s

hows one’s belief, feeling or value judgment.hows one’s belief, feeling or value judgment. It can no It can no

t be objectively verified t be objectively verified (( 证明证明 / / 核对核对 )). An opinion oug. An opinion oug

ht to be based on facts, but in reading we might often ht to be based on facts, but in reading we might often

come to opinions which are not based on facts. They ccome to opinions which are not based on facts. They c

an be very subjective. You may agree or disagree witan be very subjective. You may agree or disagree wit

h them. h them.

Reading Skill

Practice 1, P. 15Practice 1, P. 15

Being able to distinguish facts from opinions will Being able to distinguish facts from opinions will help you to grasp the author’s point of view so that help you to grasp the author’s point of view so that you may achieve better comprehension in your you may achieve better comprehension in your reading. Read the following paragraph.reading. Read the following paragraph.

Reading Skill

Questions: Questions: 1.1. What opinion about his job does the author express? What opinion about his job does the author express?

Underline it.Underline it.2.2. Underline the facts that the author uses to develop Underline the facts that the author uses to develop

that opinion.that opinion.

I believe that most Americans would not want my I believe that most Americans would not want my

job. I work from nine to five, six days a week. The job. I work from nine to five, six days a week. The

room I work in is 14 by 20 feet. Ten people work in room I work in is 14 by 20 feet. Ten people work in

that space. There are no windows. We’re given twenty that space. There are no windows. We’re given twenty

minutes for lunch. There is no overtime pay…minutes for lunch. There is no overtime pay…

Reading Skill


Read the statements and decide whether they Read the statements and decide whether they are Facts or Opinions.are Facts or Opinions.

1.1. I feel that the closing of the factory will destroy the I feel that the closing of the factory will destroy the

economy of this region.economy of this region.

2.2. Polls of sports writers show a majority favor the Polls of sports writers show a majority favor the

new baseball rules.new baseball rules.

3.3. Our criminal justice system is in great trouble.Our criminal justice system is in great trouble.

4.4. Because of injured or traded players, the team’s Because of injured or traded players, the team’s

performance is now lower compared with last performance is now lower compared with last

year’s.year’s. FF

OO

OO

OO

Reading Skill

5.5. Three million credit cards are stolen every year.Three million credit cards are stolen every year.

6.6. Some of the television commercials are not Some of the television commercials are not interesting.interesting.

7.7. California is the best place for retired people.California is the best place for retired people.

8.8. There is no question of the relationship between There is no question of the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung cancer.cigarette smoking and lung cancer.

9.9. Advertising is a big and difficult business.Advertising is a big and difficult business.

10.10. We work for a living.We work for a living.

FF

OO

OO

OO

OO

FF

Reading Skill

• 省略法



Translation SkillTranslation Skill

省略译省略译为了使译文符合汉语习惯，将原文为了使译文符合汉语习惯，将原文中有些词省略不译。中有些词省略不译。

省略译是将原文中的有些词省略不译，以使译文符合汉省略译是将原文中的有些词省略不译，以使译文符合汉语习惯。省略译所省去的大多是英语中因为语法上的需要而语习惯。省略译所省去的大多是英语中因为语法上的需要而存在，但根据汉语习惯并不需要译出的词。如英语的冠词、存在，但根据汉语习惯并不需要译出的词。如英语的冠词、介词、连词、代词，有的在句子中不具实际意义，翻译时一介词、连词、代词，有的在句子中不具实际意义，翻译时一般可以省略。另外，从修辞角度考虑，还可以省略一些汉语般可以省略。另外，从修辞角度考虑，还可以省略一些汉语中可有可无的词。例如：中可有可无的词。例如：

Translation Skill

1. The horse is a useful animal.1. The horse is a useful animal.

马是有用的动物。马是有用的动物。省略冠词省略冠词 the, athe, a

2. Smoking is prohibited in public places.2. Smoking is prohibited in public places.

公共场所不准吸烟。公共场所不准吸烟。省略介词省略介词 inin

3. I can do it, and so can you.3. I can do it, and so can you.

我能做，你也能做。我能做，你也能做。省略并列连词省略并列连词 andand

Translation Skill

4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?4. If winter comes, can spring be far behind?

冬天来了，春天还会远吗？冬天来了，春天还会远吗？省略连词省略连词 ifif

5.5. Liquids have no definite shape, yet they have a Liquids have no definite shape, yet they have a definite volume.definite volume.

液体没有一定的形状，但有液体没有一定的形状，但有一定的体积。一定的体积。省略人称代词省略人称代词 theythey

6.6. He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.his eyes, but said nothing.

他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话不说。看天，一句话不说。省略物主代词省略物主代词 hishis

Translation Skill

7. A square has four equal sides.7. A square has four equal sides.

正方形四边相等。正方形四边相等。省略冠词省略冠词 aa 、动词、动词 havhavee

8.8. In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South. in the South.

冬天，北方比南方冷得多。冬天，北方比南方冷得多。省略介词省略介词 inin 、、非非人称代词人称代词 itit

Translation Skill

Practice 3, P. 16 Practice 3, P. 16

Translate the following sentences into Chinese. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.

1.1. A census is the official count of the number of A census is the official count of the number of people living in a city, state, or country.people living in a city, state, or country.

2.2. Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic Hydrogen is the lightest element with an atomic weight of 1.008.weight of 1.008.

3.3. The finished products should be sampled to check The finished products should be sampled to check their quality before they leave the factory.their quality before they leave the factory.

人口调查是对居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的人口调查是对居住在一个城市、一个州或一个国家的全部人数的统计。全部人数的统计。

氢是最轻的元素，原子量为氢是最轻的元素，原子量为 1.0081.008 。。

成品在出厂前应该进行抽样检查。成品在出厂前应该进行抽样检查。

Translation Skill

4.4. Candidates for this company are expected to be Candidates for this company are expected to be skilled at using a computer.skilled at using a computer.

5.5. Light as it comes from the sun is a mixture of light Light as it comes from the sun is a mixture of light of many different colours.of many different colours.

6. He works as usual as if nothing happened to him.6. He works as usual as if nothing happened to him.

这家公司要求应聘人员能熟练使用计算机。这家公司要求应聘人员能熟练使用计算机。

太阳光是由许多不同颜色的光混合而成的。太阳光是由许多不同颜色的光混合而成的。

他照常工作，好像什么事也没有发生过。他照常工作，好像什么事也没有发生过。

Translation Skill

1.1. The typical daily newspaper contains articles about loThe typical daily newspaper contains articles about lo

cal, regional, national, and international news, as well cal, regional, national, and international news, as well

as sports news, weather reports, editorials, and other fas sports news, weather reports, editorials, and other f

eatures.eatures.

典型的日报刊载本地新闻，区域新闻，国内新闻和国际新闻，典型的日报刊载本地新闻，区域新闻，国内新闻和国际新闻，以及体育新闻，气象预报，社论和其它特辑。以及体育新闻，气象预报，社论和其它特辑。


Translate the sentences into Chinese.Translate the sentences into Chinese.

Exercise Check-upExercise Check-up

2.2. The Sunday papers, on the other hand, are intended to The Sunday papers, on the other hand, are intended to

entertain as well as inform, and they tend to be read leisentertain as well as inform, and they tend to be read leis

urely by all members of the familyurely by all members of the family.

而星期日的报纸除了提供信息以外，还提供娱乐内容，供所有而星期日的报纸除了提供信息以外，还提供娱乐内容，供所有家庭成员阅读消遣。家庭成员阅读消遣。



3.3. They contain articles about the important national and They contain articles about the important national and

international news of the week, and special sections are international news of the week, and special sections are

devoted to news about such areas as business, science, edevoted to news about such areas as business, science, e

ducation, and the arts.ducation, and the arts.

它们刊登有关一周内的国内重要新闻的文章，还有一些专栏则它们刊登有关一周内的国内重要新闻的文章，还有一些专栏则刊登有关商业，科学，教育和艺术等领域的新闻。刊登有关商业，科学，教育和艺术等领域的新闻。


4.4. A picture can be worth far more than a thousand words, A picture can be worth far more than a thousand words,

at least when it comes to guiding travelers. That was the at least when it comes to guiding travelers. That was the

reason behind an experimental project by the U.S. Depareason behind an experimental project by the U.S. Depa

rtment Transportation.rtment Transportation.

一张图画可能比一千句话更有价值，至少在指引旅行者时是如一张图画可能比一千句话更有价值，至少在指引旅行者时是如此。这便是美国交通部进行一个试验项目的原因。此。这便是美国交通部进行一个试验项目的原因。


5.5. Once the signs are posted throughout the world, a knife Once the signs are posted throughout the world, a knife

and fork will mean a restaurant, a suitcase will indicate and fork will mean a restaurant, a suitcase will indicate

baggage, and a car under a key, a car rental.baggage, and a car under a key, a car rental.

一旦全世界普遍使用了这些符号，刀和叉就表示饭店，手提箱一旦全世界普遍使用了这些符号，刀和叉就表示饭店，手提箱表示行李，钥匙下有一辆汽车表示租车行。表示行李，钥匙下有一辆汽车表示租车行。

• A Written Request for Leave



Guided writingGuided writing

A Written Request for LeaveA Written Request for Leave请假条请假条

DateDate

Salutation Salutation ( ( 称呼称呼 ))

Letter Body ( Letter Body ( why you need to ask for leave )why you need to ask for leave )

Complimentary Close Complimentary Close ( ( 客套结束语客套结束语 ))

SignatureSignature

Writing SkillWriting Skill

Example 1Example 1


May, 12, 2001May, 12, 2001Dear Sir,Dear Sir,

Owing to a bad cold, I am unable to Owing to a bad cold, I am unable to attend classes today. I now submit a medical attend classes today. I now submit a medical certificate issued by the doctor.certificate issued by the doctor.

Hoping you will excuse my non-Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.attendance.

Yours respectfullyYours respectfullyGeorge R. FinlayGeorge R. Finlay

Example 2Example 2


Class 99232, Class 99232, Chemistry Dept.Chemistry Dept.Apr. 5, 2001Apr. 5, 2001

To Department OfficeTo Department OfficeSecretary Frick:Secretary Frick:

My brother is moving to Canada tomorrow, I My brother is moving to Canada tomorrow, I

shall be very obliged if you will grant me my shall be very obliged if you will grant me my

application for one day’s leave tomorrow.application for one day’s leave tomorrow.

Yours respectfully, Yours respectfully, Robin FordRobin Ford


PracticePractice

按上述格式写一张因头痛而不能上课的请假条按上述格式写一张因头痛而不能上课的请假条。。

English 2nd Year, English 2nd Year, Class B Class B April 21, 2002April 21, 2002

To Department OfficeTo Department OfficeMs. Smith,Ms. Smith, Owing to a severe headache, I shall be unable to Owing to a severe headache, I shall be unable to attend classes today. I enclose a medical certificate from attend classes today. I enclose a medical certificate from the doctor.the doctor.

Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.Hoping you will excuse my non-attendance.

Yours respectfully,Yours respectfully,

Li MingLi Ming


Practice 5, p16Practice 5, p16

Rewrite the sentences using the joining words in brackets.Rewrite the sentences using the joining words in brackets.

1.1. Tim will have to find a job so that he can support Tim will have to find a job so that he can support

his family.his family.

2.2. John worked very late last night because he John worked very late last night because he

intended to solve this problem.intended to solve this problem.

3.3. I did not realize the importance of the meeting I did not realize the importance of the meeting

until he told me about it.until he told me about it.

4.4. Strange reports appeared in newspaper after Strange reports appeared in newspaper after

Carter discovered an ancient tomb.Carter discovered an ancient tomb.


5.5. Since many people were absent, we decided to puSince many people were absent, we decided to pu

t the meeting off.t the meeting off.

6.6. My father helps me with my homework wheneveMy father helps me with my homework wheneve

r he has time.r he has time.

7.7. Any book will do as long as it is interesting.Any book will do as long as it is interesting.

8.8. You’ll miss the train unless you are quick.You’ll miss the train unless you are quick.


Practice 6, p16Practice 6, p16

Make necessary changes and additions to each of these groMake necessary changes and additions to each of these groups of words and phrases so that you get a complete telephups of words and phrases so that you get a complete telephone message from Mr Burrows to his secretary, Miss Browone message from Mr Burrows to his secretary, Miss Brow

n, explaining his absence.n, explaining his absence.

1.1. Is that you, Miss Brown?Is that you, Miss Brown?

2.2. This is Burrows.This is Burrows.

3.3. I am unable to come to the office this morning.I am unable to come to the office this morning.

4.4. I felt unwell yesterday and called the/a doctor.I felt unwell yesterday and called the/a doctor.

5.5. He came in the evening and examined me.He came in the evening and examined me.

6.6. He said I had a mild attack of fever.He said I had a mild attack of fever.

7.7. And he advised me to stay in bed for a few days.And he advised me to stay in bed for a few days.

8.8. I hope I shall be better by Thursday.I hope I shall be better by Thursday.

9.9. Please do no worry about anything till then.Please do no worry about anything till then.

Listening PracticeListening Practice

《实用英语《实用英语 IIII 》》 Unit 1Unit 1Listening & SpeakingListening & Speaking

Conversation Practice: Giving advice P. 18Conversation Practice: Giving advice P. 18

《实用英语《实用英语 IIII 》》 Unit 1Unit 1Listening & SpeakingListening & Speaking

Conversation Practice: Giving advice P. 18Conversation Practice: Giving advice P. 18

• Part I: Dialogues

• Part II-A: Short Conversation

• Part II-B: Passage

Salesman:Salesman: ______________ this wooden vase? It’s very n______________ this wooden vase? It’s very n

ice and it will certainly __________________.ice and it will certainly __________________.

Miss Smith:Miss Smith: Oh, this is what I want, _______________ ___Oh, this is what I want, _______________ ___

_____. I like it very much. I’ll take it._____. I like it very much. I’ll take it.

Salesman:Salesman: Shall I pack it for you?Shall I pack it for you?

Mark:Mark: Yes please. _____________________ in this silYes please. _____________________ in this sil

k handkerchief? k handkerchief?

Salesman:Salesman: Sure. ________________ to wrap it up this waSure. ________________ to wrap it up this wa

y? y?

Mark:Mark: _____. Thanks._____. Thanks.

How do you likeHow do you like

remind you of Chinaremind you of China

a typical Chinesea typical Chinese

Could you pack the boxCould you pack the box

Would you like me Would you like me

GreatGreat


souvenirsouvenir

2.2. Now listen to a dialogue and fill in the blanks with Now listen to a dialogue and fill in the blanks with

the information you get from the tape.the information you get from the tape.

Mr. Brown:Mr. Brown: _______________________________(_______________________________( 您能否给我您能否给我提些建议提些建议 ) on how to spend the two days I’ll stay ) on how to spend the two days I’ll stay in Beijing?in Beijing?

Miss Jiang:Miss Jiang: Two days? I think _______________(Two days? I think _______________( 你应该去一你应该去一趟趟 ) the Ming Tombs and the Great Wall.) the Ming Tombs and the Great Wall.

Mr. Brown:Mr. Brown: ___________________________________(___________________________________( 那么紫那么紫禁城（禁城（ Forbidden CityForbidden City ）呢）呢 )?)?

Miss Jiang:Miss Jiang: ________________________(________________________( 那留着明天去那留着明天去 ). Yo). You could visit the Forbidden City and the Summer Pu could visit the Forbidden City and the Summer Palace on the second day.alace on the second day.

Mr. Brown:Mr. Brown: It sounds marvelous! But ___________________ It sounds marvelous! But ___________________ _______________________( _______________________( 我们还有足够的我们还有足够的时间看京剧吗时间看京剧吗 )?)?

Miss Jiang:Miss Jiang: Yes._____________________(Yes._____________________( 如果你不觉得太如果你不觉得太累的话累的话 ), you could go to the theatre in the evenin), you could go to the theatre in the eveningg..

Could you give me some adviceCould you give me some advice

you should visityou should visit

Then how about the Forbidden CityThen how about the Forbidden City

That’s for the second dayThat’s for the second day

will we have timewill we have time

If you aren’t too tiredIf you aren’t too tired


to enjoy Beijing Operato enjoy Beijing Opera

3.3. Now listen to another dialogue and then translate tNow listen to another dialogue and then translate t

he Chinese sentences into English according to the ihe Chinese sentences into English according to the i

nformation you get from the tape. nformation you get from the tape.

Mrs. Black:Mrs. Black: I’d like to buy some typical Chinese gifts for I’d like to buy some typical Chinese gifts for

my husband in England. Could you my husband in England. Could you

recommend something for me?recommend something for me?

Salesgirl:Salesgirl: ______________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________

Mrs. Black:Mrs. Black: Oh, it’s so lovely. But I’m afraid I might Oh, it’s so lovely. But I’m afraid I might

break break it on my way home.it on my way home.

Salesgirl:Salesgirl: _____________________________________._____________________________________.

Mrs. Black:Mrs. Black: Great, thanks a lot.Great, thanks a lot.

Salesgirl:Salesgirl: ______________.______________.

How about this tea set, ma’am? It’s well-How about this tea set, ma’am? It’s well-

known all over the world.known all over the world.

Don’t worry. I’ll pack it in a beautiful box.Don’t worry. I’ll pack it in a beautiful box.

You’re welcomeYou’re welcome


4.4. Now listen to the third dialogue and try to play the Now listen to the third dialogue and try to play the

salesgirl’s part. salesgirl’s part.

Part II, P. 20Part II, P. 20A.A. Listen to people talking about where to buy some of the Listen to people talking about where to buy some of the things they need. Why did they decide to go to the shops they things they need. Why did they decide to go to the shops they chose? Choose the correct answers. chose? Choose the correct answers.


Friendly staffFriendly staff More ChoicesMore Choices Cheaper PricesCheaper Prices Better QualityBetter Quality

11

22

33

44 √√

√√√√

√√

Check-up

1)1) A: A: Where do you go to get the flowers?Where do you go to get the flowers?

B: B: There’s always a better choice at Regal, but There’s always a better choice at Regal, but

the the staff are always so rude. I don’t want so staff are always so rude. I don’t want so

shop shop there again. there again. Let’s go to Betty’sLet’s go to Betty’s. .


2)2) A: A: Where shall we go for the bread?Where shall we go for the bread?

B:B: West’s and King’s are both very good. But West’s and King’s are both very good. But

I think the bread’s fresher at West’s, so let’I think the bread’s fresher at West’s, so let’

s go s go there.there.


3)3) A:A: I want a couple of books. Shall we go to the I want a couple of books. Shall we go to the

University Bookshop?University Bookshop?

B:B: Yes, good idea. They’re not usually as expenYes, good idea. They’re not usually as expen

sive sive as Hill’s Bookshop.as Hill’s Bookshop.


4)4) A:A: Where shall we go for some paint, Crest or TeWhere shall we go for some paint, Crest or Te

dd ？？ B: Let’s go to Crest. There’s more choice there.B: Let’s go to Crest. There’s more choice there.


Part II-B, P. 21Part II-B, P. 211.1. You are going to hear a short passage. Listen to it twice You are going to hear a short passage. Listen to it twice

and then put the answer to the question in the blank. and then put the answer to the question in the blank.

Question: What good will these rules do to you?Question: What good will these rules do to you?

Answer:Answer: They will let us to have big chance to live They will let us to have big chance to live

to a good old age.to a good old age.


Listen to the passage.Listen to the passage.

Mentioned:Mentioned:

Not mentioned:Not mentioned:

1),1), 3),3), 5),5), 7),7),

8),8),

11),11), 12)12)

2),2), 4),4), 6),6), 9),9), 10)10)


2.2. Listen to the passage again and tick out (√) which of the follListen to the passage again and tick out (√) which of the foll

owing are mentioned and which are not mentioned as the goowing are mentioned and which are not mentioned as the go

lden rules? lden rules?

Script

If you want to live a long life, you should follow these If you want to live a long life, you should follow these

golden rules. You should be married, live in a small town golden rules. You should be married, live in a small town

and have a job that requires physical activity. And you and have a job that requires physical activity. And you

should not smoke. Nor should you become over-weight. should not smoke. Nor should you become over-weight.

You should drive within the speed limits and wear a You should drive within the speed limits and wear a

safety-belt. And you should have regular medical check-safety-belt. And you should have regular medical check-

ups. If you follow these rules, you will have a big chance ups. If you follow these rules, you will have a big chance

to live to a good age.to live to a good age.


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