Reading Recovery:Reading Recovery:The Early The Early

Intervention Safety Intervention Safety NetNet

What Do You Know About What Do You Know About RR?RR?

1.Georgia State University2.Atkinson County3.Atlanta Public Schools4.Bacon County 5.Banks County6.Charlton County7.Clinch County8.Cobb County9.Coffee County10.Dalton County11.Dawson County12.Decatur City 13.DeKalb County14.Effingham County

1. Elbert County2. Gwinnett County3. Habersham County4. Hart County5. Evans County6. Houston County7. Lee County8. Pierce County9. Stephens County10. Tift County11. Towns County12. Valdosta City13. Ware County14. Wayne County15. White County

Total teachers trained at GSU

Fall 1991 – Spring 2008 - 1,127

Total teacher leaders trained at GSU

Fall 1991 – Spring 2008 - 65

Georgia State University Reading Recovery® ProgramGeorgia 1991 - 2008

FACT SHEET

* Children who had 60 or more lessons.

Graduation rate = 79.5 % ** Full program children who reached the average level of their class and were released from the program needing no additional help

Year

School System

s

School Buildings

RR Teachers

Teacher Leaders

In-Training Teacher Leaders

Full Program Children*

Graduated Children**

1991-92 1 8 9 - 2 47 40

1992-93 1 19 28 12 11 175 140

1993-94 7 69 119 14 3 590 469

1994-95 10 92 192 16 3 1,011 791

1995-96 16 117 241 22 4 1,351 1,109

1996-97 22 170 324 24 4 1,829 1,521

1997-98 32 223 405 34 3 2,432 1,978

1998-99 32 233 428 24 - 2,744 2,197

1999-00 32  194 391 21 4 2,651 2,028

2000-01 32 187 371 23 - 2,434 1,912

2001-02 29 186 370 20 4 2,546 2,014

2002-03 32 187 398 19 - 3,612 2,775

2003-04 27 168 356 17 1 2,515 1,999

2004-05 26 146 307 15 2 2,211 1,777

2005-06 31 169 329 16 5 2,306 1,862

2006-07 30 141 314 17 - 2,240 1,729

2007-08 23 144 328 14 - 2,461 1,984

  TOTAL 46 33,155 26,325

Georgia State University affiliated sites outside of Georgia

Tennessee

Anderson County Athens CityCampbell County

Johnson CityKnox County

Oak RidgeRhea CountyScott County

Bermuda

Georgia State University Reading Recovery® ProgramAll Affiliated Sites (GA, TN, FL), 1991-2008

FACT SHEET

YearSchool

SystemsSchool

BuildingsRR

TeachersTeacher Leaders

In-Training Teacher Leaders

Full Program Children

Graduated Children

1991-92 1 8 9 - 2 47 40

1992-93 1 19 28 12 11 175 140

1993-94 7 69 119 14 4 590 469

1994-95 10 92 192 16 3 1,011 791

1995-96 26 149 297 25 6 1,644 1,364

1996-97 41 238 436 29 6 2,497 2,106

1997-98 51 296 526 39 8 3,169 2,630

1998-99 56 348 606 33 - 3,853 3,040

1999-00 57 318 608 30 4 4,217 3,248

2000-01 57 327 624 31 - 5,719 3,274

2001-02 53 292 548 29 7 3,854 3,074

2002-03 52 287 574 27 - 5,235 3,206

2003-04 42 251 525 24 1 3,631 2,792

2004-05 38 199 404 20 2 2,941 2,318

2005-06 38 215 426 21 7 3,024 2,382

2006-07 32 194 414 22 - 2,912 2,202

2007-08 32 195 420 21 5 3,150 2,463

Total 66 47,669 35,539

What RR Is and Is NotWhat RR Is and Is NotIsIs Is notIs not

One-one one individual One-one one individual teachingteaching

Provided by specially trained, Provided by specially trained, certified teacherscertified teachers

On-going professional On-going professional development for teachersdevelopment for teachers

Adopted as a school initiative Adopted as a school initiative by the school staffby the school staff

Supplementary to good Supplementary to good classroom teachingclassroom teaching

For first-grade, lowest-For first-grade, lowest-achieving readers onlyachieving readers only

Data-driven teaching to Data-driven teaching to continuously monitor continuously monitor children’s progresschildren’s progress

A short-term early A short-term early intervention that prevents intervention that prevents further difficulties in literacyfurther difficulties in literacy

A long-term school A long-term school commitment for lowest-commitment for lowest-achieving first gradersachieving first graders

Group instructionGroup instruction Delivered by volunteers or Delivered by volunteers or

paraprofessionalsparaprofessionals A program to buy & put in A program to buy & put in

place for teachersplace for teachers One person's mandated One person's mandated

programprogram The only literacy The only literacy

instruction the child instruction the child receivesreceives

A program to improve A program to improve literacy in all gradesliteracy in all grades

A program that labels A program that labels children via extended children via extended testing for disabilitiestesting for disabilities

A long-term service for A long-term service for childrenchildren

A quick fixA quick fix

The Impact ofThe Impact ofReading RecoveryReading Recovery

-

•Bridges the Achievement Gap.

•Significant differences in low achievers.

•Cost Effective.

Do Reading Recovery students close the literacy achievement gap? ….Yes!!

White students continue to outperform African American students on literacy measures.

•When compared to the progress of students in the random sample, Reading Recovery students are closing this gap.

Text Level Reading: First Stanine Discontinued & Random Sample

0

5

10

15

20

Fall Year-end

Discontinued- African-American

RandomSample -White

02468

101214161820

Fall Year-end

Text Level Reading: First Stanine Discontinued & Random Sample African-

American Participants

Discontinued

Random Sample

RR reduces the gap …

Across racial/ethnic groups Between low and average

readers Across income groups Between English speakers and

English language learners.

Cost Effectiveness of Cost Effectiveness of Reading RecoveryReading Recovery

What is the cost of other programs What is the cost of other programs that target the same student that target the same student population & seek to achieve the same population & seek to achieve the same results?results?

Both long-term & short term benefits Both long-term & short term benefits must be considered when examining must be considered when examining cost effectiveness.cost effectiveness.

One-to-one instruction is the only way One-to-one instruction is the only way for some children to become literate.for some children to become literate.

Intervention or

Supplement

AdditionalPer-Pupil

Cost for One Year

Average Time

in Program

Total Per-Pupil Cost for

Five Years

Retention $9,500 1 year $9,500

Title l $2,000 5 years $10,000

Special Education

$4,500 + $1,000

Initial evaluation

5 years $23,500

Reading Recovery

$3,480for all served

$5,354for

discontinued

12 to 20 weeks$3,480$5,354

InterventionAverage Number of

Students Served2004-2005

Average Salary & Benefits* 2005-2006

Yearly Cost per Student Served

Reading Recovery Only (Retired or Part-time Teacher ½ time, No Benefits) 8.3 $25,009 $3,013

Reading Recovery Portion of a Full-time Teacher’s Responsibility 8.3 $32,511** $3,917

Reading Recovery plus Other Role (ex. Title l or EIP) 37.3 $65,022 $1,743

Title l/EIP Reading Teacher (Pull-out or augmented; 66 students fund 1 EIP teacher) 66 $65,022 $985

Self-Contained EIP First Grade 11 to 14 $65,022 $4,644

Retention $7,722***

NCLB Supplemental Services (after school tutoring)

$1,408****

Reading RecoveryReading RecoveryCost EffectiveCost Effective

•0.5 FTE

•Comparison by effect

Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2121

RR is the only intervention RR is the only intervention program to receive the highest program to receive the highest ranking for evidence of success ranking for evidence of success by the What Works Clearing by the What Works Clearing House (WWC).House (WWC).

Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2222

Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2424

Two Positive Two Positive Outcomes of Reading Outcomes of Reading Recovery for ChildrenRecovery for Children

Children reach average levels of

text reading for their class

Children are referred

appropriately for further long-term

support

++

Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2525

Reading RecoveryReading Recovery can can be a significant part of be a significant part of

a comprehensive a comprehensive school-wide literacy school-wide literacy

programprogram

Why?Why?

Some children require individual Some children require individual literacy lessons.literacy lessons.

Struggling children deserve the “gold Struggling children deserve the “gold standard” which is individual literacy standard” which is individual literacy lessons. lessons.

RR provides short-term accelerated RR provides short-term accelerated learning which enables struggling learning which enables struggling children to catch up with their peers.children to catch up with their peers.

RR provides the “safety net” against RR provides the “safety net” against crippling literacy problems.crippling literacy problems.

Clifford I. Johnson Clifford I. Johnson Georgia State University Georgia State University 2828

RR teachers can play RR teachers can play a major role in Tier a major role in Tier 1, 2 & 3 if their 1, 2 & 3 if their expertise is expertise is employed as employed as needed.needed.

She can provide She can provide differentiated differentiated

instruction to a instruction to a small group in her small group in her classroom using classroom using

her expertise as a her expertise as a RR teacher.RR teacher.

Tier 1

Tier 2

She can She can provide 1:1 provide 1:1 RR to first RR to first

graders in an graders in an RR setting.RR setting.

Tier 3

She can She can serve on the serve on the SST team to SST team to assist with assist with

IEPs.IEPs.

“No other program has ever come close

to achieving the results demonstrated

by Reading Recovery.”

Cunningham, P.M. and Allington, R.L.Classrooms That Work.1994, New York: Harper Collins.

Case StudyCase Study

Muscogee County

Columbus, Georgia

Muscogee County SchoolsObservation Survey Results - Spring

52.81

17.9920.51

45.51

33.33

15.91

51.2

13.3516.03

29.9826.87

6.68

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

LID/ Alphabet (54) Word Test (20) Concepts about Print

(24)

Writing Vocabulary HRSW/ Phonics (37) Text Level Reading*

Test

Avg

Sco

re

RR

Comparison

*Basal Reading Levels:15.91 = end of 1st grade6.68 = P P 3

Muscogee County SchoolsITBS Results - Spring

39.35

4843.42

39.8836.59 38.0438.27 39.08 38.83 39.8

29.433.81

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Vocabulary Reading Comp Reading Total Listening Word Analysis LanguageTotal

Test

Avg

Sco

re

RR

Comparison

Muscogee County SchoolsGates-MacGinitie Results - Spring

13.3 12.36 12.23 13.07

50.95

40

11.55 9.74 9.09 9.38

39.77

23

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

InitialConsonant

FinalConsonant

Vowels Sentence TotalBattery

TotalBatteryNormal

Curve Equiv.

Test

Avg

Sco

re

RR

Comparison

Muscogee County SchoolsClassroom Teachers' Assessment of Student Academic Progress

Spring

2.94

3.19

3.59

3.2

2.59 2.522.35 2.32

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Mathematics Oral Comm. Reading Comp. Written Expression

Assessment Measure

Av

g S

co

re

RR

Comparison

Muscogee County SchoolsClassroom Teachers' Assessment of

Student Personal/Social Characteristics

Spring

3.183.4

3.29 3.263.08

2.46

2.862.65 2.67

2.46

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Follows Directions Self-Confidence Social Interaction-Adults

Social Interaction-Peers

Work Habits

Assessment Measure

Avg

Sco

re RR

Comparison

Muscogee County SchoolsClassroom Teachers' Assessment of

Student Personal/Social Characteristics

Spring

3.183.4

3.29 3.263.08

2.46

2.862.65 2.67

2.46

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

Follows Directions Self-Confidence Social Interaction-Adults

Social Interaction-Peers

Work Habits

Assessment Measure

Avg

Sco

re RR

Comparison

CRCT StudyCRCT Study

PercentPercent PercentPercentDid not achieveDid not achieve Achieved or Achieved or

GroupGroup Expectation Exceeded ExpectationExpectation Exceeded Expectation

ComparisonComparison 24 24 76 76RR - RecommendedRR - Recommended 16 16 84 84RR – Discontinued 13RR – Discontinued 13 87 87

There was no statistically significant There was no statistically significant difference between the Comparisondifference between the Comparison

group and RR –Recommended. Greater group and RR –Recommended. Greater percentages of the RRpercentages of the RR

Discontinued achieved or exceeded Discontinued achieved or exceeded expectation. expectation.

How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap?Gap?

Results of Study – Struggling LearnersResults of Study – Struggling Learners Grade 4Grade 4

PercentPercent PercentPercentGroupGroup Did not achieveDid not achieve Achieved or Achieved or

Expectation Exceeded ExpectationExpectation Exceeded Expectation

ComparisonComparison 1414 8686RR - RecommendedRR - Recommended 2828 7272RR – DiscontinuedRR – Discontinued 1313 8787

There was no statistically significant There was no statistically significant difference between the Comparisondifference between the Comparison

group and RR – Discontinued.group and RR – Discontinued.

How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the How Does Reading Recovery Bridge the Gap?Gap?

Results of Study – Struggling LearnersResults of Study – Struggling Learners Grade 3Grade 3

How Much Will It Cost?How Much Will It Cost? Training Model for South-GeorgiaTraining Model for South-Georgia

Single site Single site ConsortiaConsortia

Training CostsTraining Costs Tuition for academic creditTuition for academic credit Transporting children/teachersTransporting children/teachers MaterialsMaterials Travel for trainingTravel for training

Affiliation CostsAffiliation Costs Apprentice model in which TLs & RRTs will Apprentice model in which TLs & RRTs will

be working within their own school systems be working within their own school systems during training.during training.

How Much Will It Cost?How Much Will It Cost?Training YearTraining Year

Teacher Leader Training Year:Teacher Leader Training Year: Tuition/Student feesTuition/Student fees $6,122 $6,122 Lab FeesLab Fees $4,500 $4,500 Professional BooksProfessional Books $1,200 $1,200 Children's Books and Supplies $2,250Children's Books and Supplies $2,250 Travel (teacher/transporting Children) and ConferencesTravel (teacher/transporting Children) and Conferences $4,000 $4,000

Subtotal for each Teacher Leader in training:Subtotal for each Teacher Leader in training: $17,572*$17,572*

  *Subtotal does not include salary and benefits for *Subtotal does not include salary and benefits for

teacher;teacher;costs for behind the glass or tuition increase.costs for behind the glass or tuition increase.

How Much Will It Cost?How Much Will It Cost?Accreditation and Subsequent YearsAccreditation and Subsequent Years

Accreditation Year Accreditation Year (Field Year following training year):(Field Year following training year): Site affiliation fee Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one $ 2000 (includes one

site visit)site visit) Additional Site VisitAdditional Site Visit $ 800*$ 800* Professional Development fee Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher $ 200 (per Teacher

Leader)Leader)

Subsequent YearsSubsequent Years Site affiliation fee Site affiliation fee $ 2000 (includes one $ 2000 (includes one

site visit)site visit) Professional Development fee Professional Development fee $ 200 (per Teacher $ 200 (per Teacher

Leader)Leader)

Support for CostsSupport for Costs

Foundation SupportFoundation Support Grant writingGrant writing Title I and other Title fundsTitle I and other Title funds EIPEIP RtI fundsRtI funds

Reading Recovery is a bargain!

Short-term intervention, prevention Effective Continuing progress Reduces retentions & SPE referrals Highly qualified teachers & teacher

leaders Multi-tiered problem-solving

literacy team