Reading age sex pyramid - lesson 5

READING AGE-SEX PYRAMID

AFFECTED BY ASSOCIATED FACTOR

MIGRATION AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION

Quite often people who migrate are looking for employment

Great majority of movers will be young adults

The pyramid shows the effect that a massive influx of labour migrants

(C) Francesco Scudellari-Comenius Assistantship 2010/11

Male Female

Population in thousands

This country has a large number of temporary

workers. These are people who migrate here especially

to find a job.

e.g. of male labour influx:

2000: Qatar2005: Dubai,

e.g of female labour influx:2000: USA (from The Philippines)

FERTILITY AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION

On average, between 103 and 107 boys are born for every 100 girls

As a result, males outnumbered females

Decrease in the overall fertility will reduce the size of the younger cohorts of the population

Baby booms are created when large proportions of the women in a population have children in the same years, typically due to some critical event (e.g. end of a war)

For example, the shape of the population pyramid of USA in 2000 especially at ages 34-54, reflects in part, the effects of the post-World War II baby boom

MORTALITY AND AGE-SEX COMPOSITION

Male tend to die at higher rates at all ages than females

Most changes in mortality experienced by a population typically affect people in certain age-sex group

E.g: A reduction in deaths from infectious and parasitic diseases

typically affect younger people the most

Conversely, reduction in deaths from chronic and degenerative diseases tends to affect older people more

The pyramid of Sudan in 1990

The AIDS pandemic is already having marked effects on some young adults population

THE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIOS Youthful populations of many LEDCs:

Government needs to spend more money on education and healthcare. However, LEDCs are unlikely to have sufficient money to spend, therefore education levels of women remain low and will continue to have large families

More young women are reaching child bearing age so natural increase will continue to be high

Overpopulation – not enough resources to support the youthful population

Ageing population in MEDCs:

THE PROBLEMS CAUSED BY HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIOS

Limited manpower for defense of a country

Give pressure to government to provide more medical and health facility for ageing population

Shortage of labour, most of elderly retire and not enough young people to replace them

Need more housing facilities and transport to meet the need of ageing population

HOW MAY PYRAMID CHANGE OVER TIME?

Over time, as a country develops, the shape of its population pyramid changes from a triangular

shape to a barrel-like shape with straighter edges.


What happens next?

POPULATION PYRAMID OF JAPAN in the year 2000


What is going to happen to Japan’s population in the future?Why does this matter?



POPULATION PYRAMID OF INDIA in the year 2000

What happens next?

1990 2000 2010

2020 2050

BRUNEI

Reading age sex pyramid - lesson 5

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