Reading

GENERAL IELTS READING PRACTICE TEST 19

PART 1 - Question 1

Choose the appropriate letter A-D

1. According to the writer, what piece of information is true about the TV programme? A There are a

wide range of activities performed by the candidates

B Candidates are unlikely to achieve a great deal in 24 hours C

Negotiations are made in a language other than English

D Candidates have to demonstrate their ability to buy high purchase goods

Questions 2-4

Choose THREE letters A-G. Which THREE of the following does the writer highlight when describing the

apprenticeship program?

A there is an official product launch

B it is comprised of a number of phases

C there is a variety of group dynamics

D there are a few interviews with directors in joint venture companies

E there is an assessment of logical thinking

F one interview is in a language other than the mother tongue

G there is a team work test online

Apprenticeship

Have you got what it takes?

Nowadays, several corporations have launched their version of the famous TV series ‘The Apprentice – You are fired’.

This TV programme is broadcasted in many countries but, unlike a mere commodity with subtitles, these programmes

also feature their national successful entrepreneur and a group of 16 candidates who will work hard to get their dream job

or partnership in a capital city.

The variety of tasks is unbelievable. In the UK, candidates may have a container of Chinese goods and have to sell them

in bulk in 24 hours. Next time, they may fly to Dubai and have to purchase a list of items (whose names are not in

English) at the best price while ensuring the best quality. In Brazil, they may have to deal with high purchase items such

as 50 designer wedding dresses in 72 hours. These have been an inspiration to major companies worldwide.

Whenever you come across the opportunity to join an apprenticeship program, you realise that there are 6-7 different

stages in the process. They may start with an online logical reasoning test, which you are timed and expected to achieve

75%. Once you pass it, you may have another online assessment, which will evaluate your team management skills. You

may participate in a group dynamics and you

will be expected to launch a product and present it to psychologists and human resources coordinators. You may be

invited to an interview with the human resources manager and, once you pass it, you may be invited to another

interview with external examiners, who are no less than directors in joint venture companies. Finally, you may be

invited to an interview with the company directors in a foreign language.

A major European telecommunications company had over 15,000 applicants for their next apprenticeship program. The

first two online assessments eliminated 10,000 candidates. The group dynamics was then held in a financial building and

candidates were divided into groups of 24 so that they could spend a day in the meeting room with two psychologists, a

product manager and a human resources coordinator. Once they introduced themselves, each candidate was asked to

briefly describe their professional achievements. The candidates were split into two groups and, after 2 hours, they were

expected to launch the next device which could revolutionise the telecommunications industry. Besides a good product,

they also had to deliver an immaculate presentation which would impress their audience. Only one candidate would pass

to the next stage. This meant that the following skills would make a difference: outstanding team work, deadline

successfully met, amazing oratory and public speaking skills, a dose of creativity, rational analysis of current trends in

product development. Are you ready to show your skills?

Lucy Stanley is a psychologist specialised in business relationship, networking and corporate thinking.

Questions 5-9

Look at the newspaper report on the previous page and at the statements (5-9) below. Choose

TRUE if the statement is true

FALSE if the statement is false

NOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage

5. Goods were sold wholesale in one of the British TV series.

6. All candidates face three job interviews in the recruitment process.

7. Only a third of the candidates passed the first two assignments.

8. Candidates made a brief speech about what they had included in their CV.

9. Each group was made up of 12 candidates and they had to create the next gadget.

Question 10


10. From the list below, choose the skill that the candidate was not expected to demonstrate during the group dynamics

according to the reading passage:

A flawless and eloquent oral presentation

B a certain display of originality

C inattentiveness in relation to time limit

D understanding of the tendencies in the industry

Questions 11-18

Match the city break and its respective description to the statements 11-18. NB Some of the city breaks may be

chosen more than once.

11. You will hear about legendary stories.

12. A souvenir is included in this holiday package.

13. You cannot go there in every season.

14. You can celebrate a particular holiday in great style.

15. You can interact with some artists here.

16. Another city has been an inspiration to part of this place.

17. This traditional event is set on a specific weekday.

18. A range of vehicles are developed in this city.

Amazing City Breaks

Come and enjoy a fantastic weekend in one of the greatest European cities.

A. London Time

Are you ready for a splendid time? You are invited to stay in a luxurious Victorian suite and have a full English breakfast.

As you are on time to see the Big Ben, you can make your way to Buckingham Palace where the ceremony of Changing

the Guard take place every Sunday at 11am. Enjoy a majestic weekend!

B. French Life

Bonjour! You are now in the elegant city of Paris. This is an exclusive holiday offer – come and indulge yourself in the

most exuberant fragrances and fashion designed in the world. Paris is an international reference for romantic people and

it is time for a lovely Valentine’s Day. The hotel is at the heart of the city and, as Paris is the City of Lights, you are

going have a romantic candlelit dinner in Paris!

C. Real Barcelona

This city break is for football lovers. As well as the essential guided tour to cathedrals, museums and stunning buildings in

the city, you will have the opportunity to watch a football match in the Barcelona stadium. Do not forget to pack your

official football T-shirt which comes for free in your holiday package and get ready for a kicking good time!

D. Bella Italia

Do you fancy visiting the Coliseum and learning about the history of the Roman Empire? Then, this holiday break is

for you. You will have a sightseeing tour in the most stunning historic buildings and see some amazing facts about

gladiators and Roman emperors. The food is exquisite and you are enticed to eat the best pasta, pizza and Italian bread

you have ever tasted. Mamma Mia!

E. Icy Sweden

This is a unique opportunity for snow lovers. The Ice Hotel is built every year and it is open during the winter term

only. If you are into skiing and having a cosy winter time, then you can pack your overcoat, gloves and scarves and

book one of the exclusive suites designed by artists and architects. This year one of the suites resembles the London

Underground! Arrive there before spring.

F. Speedy Germany

Come and visit Cologne – the traditional automotive industry. You are going to have the opportunity to go for a test drive

in one of the most technologically advanced cars developed by the greatest car manufacturers in the world. At night, you

can try incredible recipes and the best German sausages. Enjoy the city at great speed!

G. Greek Myth

Are you fond of the Greek mythology? Would you like to see the birth of civilisation? You should visit Athens and take a

guided tour to the Acropolis where you will learn about the mythological creatures of the Greek civilisation. You can see

monuments and contemplate great actors dressed as Socrates and Plato and have a nice chat about the meaning of life.

Welcome to a philosophy weekend!

H. Portugal Pack

Do you know Portugal? Coimbra boosts a history of poetry and you are going to visit the university where these

writers studied. You are then going to see the wine production process in Porto and try some of the best Portuguese

wines while listening to traditional music and dance. Enjoy a cultural weekend.

PART 2 - Questions 19-25

From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph A-G.

List of headings

i Effective assurance

ii The relevance of time management

iii Managing the time

iv Recording the time

v Task classification

vi Learning how to spend time effectively

vii Assessing time

viii Useful tools for time management

ix Forecasting aims

x Applying time management

19. Paragraph A

20. Paragraph B

21. Paragraph C

22. Paragraph D

23. Paragraph E

24. Paragraph F

25. Paragraph G

Time Management

Here is an evaluation of how time can be managed effectively

A. Time is an important resource which can be completely wasted unless it is spent wisely. The saying ‘Time is Money’

demonstrates how valuable it is, yet its management is often neglected. For instance, when a manager spends time

answering questions from his/her subordinates, the manager’s tasks are put aside. Meanwhile, the colleagues also waste

time as they are waiting for their manager’s attention. Delegation is a key factor here – managers should delegate tasks

according to subordinates’ abilities.

B. It is also crucial to evaluate the time. People quite often spend most of their time on unimportant tasks, such as

reading emails, and forget to accomplish high-priority tasks. The reason why this happens is simply because they have

not assessed the level of priority each task should be given. At the end of the day, important tasks are undone while

daily ones are overemphasised. Therefore, task assessment should be undertaken and time should be spent so as to

complete high-priority work.

C. In order to assess the priority level of each task, it is wise to use the method that categorises each task as Type A, B,

or C. Type A refers to every task which is considered to be important and urgent; type B means that the task is important

but not necessarily urgent, or vice versa; type C, on the other hand, is used for tasks which are part of the routine or

known as daily activity. Unless tasks are categorised according to the principle above, people will tend to complete the

C-type tasks first as they are conditioned to routine.

D. In addition to evaluation, a time log should be set. It basically consists of a diary divided into 30 minute chunks which

is used for writing down every activity done. At the end of the day, it is possible to analyse how much time was spent on

each activity and whether it was finished or not. This review enables you to reconsider how much time has been allocated

to each task and whether work efficiency is achieved.

E. In order to maximise time management, it is important that goals are also included. Short-term planning involves

assessing short-term personal and professional goals and allocating substantial time so as to accomplish them.

Meanwhile, long-term goals should be indicated and written down so that they are not neglected due to the

overwhelming amount of daily activities. In other words, it is important to state long-term goals so as to avoid losing

track of the target or focus on the bigger picture.

F. An example of time planning accessories is the use of a diary, or a weekly and monthly planner in paper or

electronic format. The device is helpful as it provides a source for booking appointments, setting deadlines, scheduling

tasks and allocating time so as to complete them. However, there is no real purpose unless it is constantly updated.

G. At last but not least, time management entails an array of actions including using positive thinking.

Optimism allows us to deal with issues positively and resolve them in a productive way. The final outcome is an

efficient accomplishment.

Questions 26-30

Look at the reading passage on the previous page. Complete the flow chart below using NO MORE THAN THREE

WORDS for each answer.

26.……………………… has to be carried out in order to identify high-priority work. A time log is a

diary split into 27.…………………... .

Short-term and long-term planning enable you to 28.…………………... .

Diaries and planners have to be 29.……………………. , otherwise they are useless. Optimism and

positive thinking result in 30.………………………… .

Saving Up

Incremental changes for cutting expenses and generating savings

As the world of consumption is constantly growing, we are snowed under with options and a wide selection of similar

items which just make us confused. They promise to be of better quality than its counterparts and appealing to our needs.

However, do we really need them? Or are we just splashing out our savings on unnecessary items?

Due to the recent economic crisis, people have learnt how to bargain more and spend less. Meanwhile, they have all

been conditioned to a good life and want to do whatever it takes to keep it. So here is a list of interesting tips for saving

money in your pockets.

The first thing you should consider is the amount of bills that are lying on your desk. What do they refer to? Are these

basic utility bills such as water and electricity bill or unused satellite TV channels? You should cut down on the number

of TV channels you pay monthly. For example, do you need 200 channels when you just watch 5 different channels once

a week? Why not go for a pay-as-you-go option if you cannot live without satellite TV? In addition to that, you may also

analyse the total consumption of utility bills. If your electrical devices are on stand-by the whole night, then you should

consider unplugging them as you can save over 30% on your next electricity bill. Another tip is to change the standard

light bulbs for energy-saving light bulbs – the name of the product says it all.

You will also notice that savings have a lot to do with changing ordinary habits. For instance, walking or cycling can be a

healthy alternative to driving short distances. When you go to the supermarket, you should make sure that you have a list

of items you need to buy today rather than purchase promotional products in the hope that you will be saving money. This

is only true if you do need the item in the first place. If not, it will just be another item lying in the cupboard for months.

There is also the cliché that people should never do the shopping at lunchtime as they will buy more when they are

hungry. This is also an extra tip – you should run out of groceries before you buy more. It is very common to buy food

when we have already got it in the fridge. As a result, the vegetables go off before we prepare them. In other words, it is

money thrown in the bin.

Finally, shopping should be an enjoyable experience rather than a regretful one. If every time you go shopping for new

clothes, you come home wondering if you have bought the right piece of clothing for the best price, then it is important

that you assess what you need beforehand. Do you really need that garment? Is it a good match for your wardrobe? If so,

have you browsed a couple of shops and compared quality and price? Are you happy with your decision? Now it is time

to go back to the shop and happily purchase it. You have thought carefully and should be proud of being a conscious

consumer.

Question 31

Choose the appropriate letter A-D.

31. What do you learn about the product consumption in the first paragraph? A The

products have better quality than their competitors.

B People are suffocated with the amount of choices. C

Those products reflect people’s needs.

D People rarely spend money on superfluous goods.

Questions 32-34

Complete the table below.

Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.

Household Savings

Reduce the amount of 32. ……. you have subscribed to.

More than a third of 33. ……. is saved when you disconnect electrical appliances. Walking or

cycling is a good alternative to driving.

Avoid buying 34. ……. unless you need them

Questions 35-40

Look at the text on page 9 and at the statements (35-40) below. Choose




35. Owing to the economic crisis, people started to haggle.

36. People are unaccustomed to having a good lifestyle.

37. You should have a smaller amount of utility bills lying on your desk.

38. People have physically thrown money in the bin.

39. Most shoppers tend to have a regretful experience.

40. Conscious consumers do a thorough evaluation before purchasing a garment.

IELTS GENERAL TRAINING READING TEST 19

Answer Key

PART 1

Apprenticeship

1. A

2. B/E/F (any order)



5. T

6. F

7. T

8. NG

9. T

10. C

Amazing City Breaks

11. G

12. C

13. E

14. B

15. G

16. E

17. A

18. F

PART 2

Time Management

19. ii

20. vii

21. v

22. iv

23. ix

24. viii

25. i

26. Task assessment

27. 30 minute chunks

28. maximise time management

29. constantly updated

30. efficient accomplishment

PART 3

Saving Up

31. B

32. (satellite) TV channels

33. (your) electrical bill / utility bill

34. promotional products

35. T

36. F

37. NG

38. F

39. NG

40. T


PART 1

Questions 1-2


1. What do you learn about the brochure in the first and second paragraphs?

A the amount of holidays destinations the agency has got

B a special holiday package for ‘The New Seven Wonders’

C the reason for the popularity of those tourist attractions

D a brief description on the project ‘The New Seven Wonders’

2. From the list below, choose the most suitable title for the reading passage:

A Explore historical heritage built by mankind.

B Visit monuments of cultural and artistic value.

C Follow the paths of archaeological sites in five continents.

D Have a break and enjoy the architectural beauty of old civilisations.

Questions 3-9


List of headings

i Architectural majesty

ii Engineering expertise

iii Triumphant salutation and battle

iv Archaeological site

v Outstanding geometric building

vi A terrific sports court

vii The remains of a great civilisation

viii Gigantic safety

ix Impressive art in the Western world

x A monument to human compassion

The Brochure

In this brochure, you can find out some information on our most popular tourist destinations! The

following seven buildings now hold the title ‘The New Seven Wonders’.

The New Seven Wonders was a huge project launched in July 2007 and it consisted of selecting the

most extraordinary buildings erected during modern and contemporary times. The voting system

enabled people from all over the world to cast their vote. The result of the global election was

announced on 7 July 2007 and the winners – our holiday packages - were the following:

A. Petra, Jordan – This was the astonishing capital of the Nabataean empire ruled by King

Aretas (9B.C. to 40 A.D.). You will be impressed with the engineering work involved in the

constructions of water tunnels for the water and sewerage. Other places to visit are the Palace Tombs

of Petra and its 42-metre high Hellenistic façade, and a magnificent theatre in Greek-Roman style.

B. Taj Mahal, India – Shal Jahan, a Muslim Mogul emperor, had this huge mausoleum built in

honour of his wife. This building was made out of white marble and it represents a precious jewel to

the Muslims as well as the artistic value of Indian monuments.

C. Chichen Itza, Mexico – Located in Yucatan Peninsula, this Mayan city was the home for the

Mayan civilisation. It is an archaeological site which belongs to Pre-Columbian times. You will be

invited to see the great pyramid of Kukulkan and you will be amazed with the Hall of the Thousand

Pillars and the Temple of Chac Mool.

D. Christ Redeemer, Brazil – This is a 38-metre tall statue of Jesus Christ that opens his arms

to protect the country and is ready to offer a warm hug to its visitors. It was inaugurated on 12

October 1931 and it is placed on top of Corcovado Mountain, which is also known as the Sugar Loaf

Mountain. It is also a symbol of Brazilian friendliness.

E. Coliseum, Italy – At the centre of the Roman capital stands a huge amphitheatre, a place

used for celebrations during the Roman Legions. A range of sports would take place there, including

chariot races. Fights among gladiators would also be held there as well as fights between starving

animals and prisoners. This was the ‘bread and circus’ time, and it was precedent to the end of

Roman Empire.

F. The Great Wall of China – This was a fortress to protect China from the invasion of Mongol

tribes. In addition to that, it provided a connection among the fortifications so that there would be a

united defensive system in the country. This is undoubtedly the longest monument erected by male

hands.

G. Machu Pichu, Peru – This Incan city hidden between the Amazon jungle and Andes Plateau

have impressed many cultures, and people all over the world have looked for adventures in the forest

and climbed up the Andes mountains so as to be astounded by the ruins of the Incan Empire. It was

considered a lost city after the Spanish invasion of the Incan state but, in 1911, Hiram Bingham was

able to find it to the delight of our tourists!

Questions 10-17

Match the restaurant specialities to the statements 10-17.

NB Some of the restaurants may be chosen more than once.

10. Natural drinks are available here.

11. There is an option for eating a meal at home.

12. You can have alcoholic drinks at lunchtime.

13. You can have a get-together with lots of people.

14. This place will remind you of an amazing European city.

15. This restaurant is not open in the evenings.

16. You can eat in a delicious Oriental meal.

17. A lovely dessert is served in this restaurant.

A. French

B. British

C. Mexican

D. Chinese

E. Japanese

F. Brazilian

G. Italian

H. Caribbean

Eating out

Learning about other cultures can be a fascinating and juicy experience once you have tried out

international cuisines

A. La Maison Rouge

Fine French cuisine at dinner time! Taste our delicious caviar and savour every mouthful of our

splendid wide range of cheese and wine served in our exquisite buffet! A romantic atmosphere that

takes you back to Parisian lifestyle!

B. The Lord’s Inn

Shall we appreciate some British lifestyle? Here you are welcome to indulge yourself with the most

traditional English fish ‘n’ chips in town! If you come for a pint on Sunday lunchtime, then you will

not resist our wonderful British roast dinner which is accompanied by our unique Yorkshire pudding!

C. Caliente!

Feel like spicing up your meal times? Here we offer the best Mexican food available in town. Open 7

days a week, we offer chilly meals at lunchtime. Also, a shot of tequila and a plate of tacos are a

perfect combination for a hot evening!

D. China town

The perfect place for a Chinese takeaway – the fastest and most reliable choice for a meal at lunch or

dinner time! Authentic Chinese menu that range from spring rolls and prawn crackers as starters to

juicy sweet ’n’ sour chicken and special fried rice as main course! Irresistible!

E. Tokyo

How about having a relaxing meal in a restaurant that has just been furnished in the greatest Japanese

style? Our friendly staff is here to serve you and you can have stupendous Japanese food, including

our great selection of sushi and sashimi!

F. Sunny Rio

Come and make yourself comfortable in our restaurant and taste the best Brazilian barbecue of your

life! An impressive variety of over 20 kinds of grilled beef, chicken and fish served by our

experience staff! And our freshly-squeezed fruit juice will make you feel like you are having a

tropical time out!

G. La Donna

Traditional Italian pizza topped with melting mozzarella! Yes, our dough is a genuine Italian recipe

and our fillings are carefully chosen so as to give you the tastiest pizza you have ever had! A variety

of sauce and pasta is also available in this authentic Italian house! Family gatherings are welcome to

have a lively meal!

H. Paradise

Who told you there is not a place specialised in Caribbean vegetarian recipes? Yes, there is and we

are ready to offer you a splendid buffet with the most superb natural food you have ever tried! Open

on weekdays only, you can have a much healthier lunch option as you can select a range of fantastic

green salads and vegetarian hot dishes. Vegans are certainly welcome!

ESS – Environmental Social Sciences

Week 4

Seminar – A Debate on Social Divide

When you wander round the high street, you will be bombarded with the merchandising of several

window shops which are ready to fulfil your dreams – whether you want to become a famous

goalkeeper or a top model for a design label, the consumer industry promptly offers you a range of

choices which promises to suit all tastes. And this is the pure reality of the youth in recent times.

In postmodern society, we surrender to this spectacle, which lures careless teenagers to have success

and happiness by the means of their possessions, while we, their parents, should certainly be able to

afford that. However, on the other side of the world, we see millions of youngsters in a survival

struggle.

Nowadays, the social stratification has divided the young people even further – either they have or

have not. Have a quick look at your teenagers’ behaviour: how often do they ask you to provide them

with the latest Playstation game? How often are they in need for brand new clothes? Have they ever

complained about wearing the pair of jeans you bought them the previous month? Do they expect you

to purchase a new mobile phone every four months? If you answered ‘yes’ to any of these questions,

you are welcome to the ‘world of an easy life’ for a minority. These teenagers do not have to struggle

for or, at least, reflect on their own earnings versus expenditure. There is no barrier between them

and the consumer culture. Their psychological behaviour is at the mercy of their parents’ purchase

power, hence their delayed maturity and spoiled personality.

On the other hand, there are millions of teenagers who wake up at 4 am so as to start their working

day on collecting cardboard boxes, cans and rubbish for recycling companies. Alternatively, they

might work on farms or hazardous coal mines. Their luxury goods are food, water and housing. Their

income and their lives, as well as their parents’ and younger brothers’, heavily rely on such jobs. This

is the other side of the coin – the hard work developed by the majority, and the ones who are

obstinate to possess ostensive goods will acquire them through theft or other illegal means.

An obvious solution is that the basic needs are to be supplied either by the state or through a more

sensible family income (which, again, can be provided by a more reasonable economic and political

strategy of social equality). Therefore, they will be able to grow up in a supportive environment and,

any further needs (e.g. expensive products or holidays) are to be conditioned to their own effort and

personal growth. No wonder why Manic Street Preachers, a British independent label band,

mentioned the following statement on their lyrics ‘if you tolerate this, then your children will be next’.

This is certainly an invitation for an insightful reflection on social divide.

Questions 18-25.

Look at a group presentation on the previous page and at the statements (18-25) below.




18. Merchandising aims at consumer desire.

19. Footballers and top models are great consumers.

20. Careful teenagers are not tempted to own a range of new products.

21. Young people are not at the mercy of social stratification.

22. Questions are made so as to detect adolescent consumerism.

23. These teenagers tend to become immature people in their adulthood.

24. Millions of youngsters are the only income of their houses.

25. The acquisition of certain products should depend on the adolescent’s hard work and maturity.

Questions 26-30

Complete the table below. Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each

answer.

Minority of Adolescents

Demand the newest technological devices, e.g. 26. …………….

Unconscious of their own 27. …………………,

they have 28. ……………. and a spoilt personality

Majority of Adolescents

Work on the collection of materials for recycling companies, farms and 29. ………………….….

Can only afford expensive goods through 30. …………………….

Questions 31-32

Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS, complete the following statement.

The state is to be responsible for a provision of an economic strategy so as to contribute to a better

31. ………………..….

As a consequence, a fair political and economic strategy will enable 32. ………………………..….

PART 3

Questions 33-36

Look at the reading passage on page 11.

Complete the flow chart below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

33. The first place we set off is the ‘royal mining’ in Diamantina and we are able to learn about the

……………………… there.

34. Then, we follow a ……………………….. that was built by the slaves.

35. Later on, we are leave the railway station and visit the ………………….. during the colonial

time.

36. Finally, we reach a wealthy city and we are fascinating by the ……………………. in the façade

of historical buildings.

Questions 37-39

Choose THREE letters A-G

Which THREE of the following does the writer highlight when describing the places and historical

buildings s/he visited?

A a trap hidden in a governmental building.

B a punitive place for the slaves.

C the remains of a martyr’s body.

D a symbolic ‘alliance’ between the coloniser and its colony.

E a monument in honour of a hero.

F natural landscapes round the ‘royal way’.

G statues completely made out of gold.

Question 40


40. In the end of the narrative, the writer:

A suggests that people should find out the gold hidden there

B points out an alternative to enrich poor individuals

C outlines the steps for a more stable finance

D states that old treasure can be the wealth of people today

Amazing & Exotic Expeditions - Chapter 7 - The Royal Way

Here we are. This is the beginning of a 1,600km journey throughout the mountains of Minas Gerais in

Brazil. The mission? Get in a van and learn about the intrinsic history of diamonds, gold and precious

stones and their mines dug out during the 17th and 18th centuries. You would expect us to reveal the

secrets of the rainforests or the beauty of the Brazilian beaches and sand dunes, but what you are

about to find out is a distinct and far-fetched way of having a tropical holiday.

We start in Diamantina, located in the north of the state of Minas Gerais. The city is named after

‘diamantes’ or diamonds, and its historical centres reflect its wealth. The first place we head for is

known as the ‘royal mining’ since miners who worked on the extraction of diamonds and gold were

expected to take the amount found to be weighted in the building where is now the city hall. Once

weighted, a percentage of the minerals were separated for the Portuguese crown and they would be

given the remaining stones. However, many of them never came back alive after stepping on the

mayor’s room. The reason for that is a dungeon full of sharp-pointed wooden sticks, which had been

built, covered and rested under the chair where the miner would sit. While he was waiting for his

‘fortune’ to be evaluated, the mayor would open the door located under the miner’s seat, and he

would face death. His family would then be told that he had run away to Portugal with the precious

stones.

We now move to the ‘slaves’ pathway’ – a long way of rocks built in the middle of the forest by the

slaves. This pathway is part of the ‘royal way’, i.e. over 1,600km of a rocky pathway so as to drain

the wealth from the colony to the metropole, from the colonised to the coloniser. We stop by the

waterfalls and have a swim before moving on.

As we follow the ‘royal way’ (the landmarks stuck on the ground every 500m is our GPS in this

expedition), we reach the city of Tiradentes. This is the nickname of a Brazilian martyr who had

attempted to break up the ‘alliance’ with the coloniser. The rebellion plan was denounced to the

Portuguese authorities and Tiradentes was arrested and condemned to death sentence. He was hung,

drawn and quartered, and the parts of his body were placed on lampposts in each city along the ‘royal

way’.

A trip by train through the mountains leads us to Mariana – the governmental centre of the time. As

soon as we face the city hall, we can see the symbol of justice erected in the square – on the left side

there is the scale, on the right, the sword; now, between both of them at the height of a human being,

there is a pair of curfews, where slaves would be punished for bad behaviour.

It is now time to set off to the most exuberant city in the ‘royal way’ – the magnificent Ouro Preto.

Originally known as ‘Vila Rica’ (rich village), this city carries the splendid result of extractions of

gold in the 18th century. At the time when around 500g of gold were dug out everyday, this city

became incredibly rich and ostensible. The complexity of exaggerating details typical of the Baroque

architecture is present in every single façade of its historical buildings. Fine paintings and statues

glitter gold so as to demonstrate the wealthy era. Whenever we reach one of the mountains which

surround Ouro Preto, we can see several holes which are about 1.55m high as they were dug out by

slaves who had to work on such gold mines.

There was not much to do with the wealth owned – either men left a great portion to the Portuguese

crown or ran away through the woods - out of the ‘royal way’ meant that they were to be caught by

thieves hidden in the forest. Therefore, a lot of rich men hid their gold inside the walls in their house

or antique furniture. Nowadays, you may hear the story of a newly rich man who has just found a

piece of treasure by chance.


Answer Key

PART 1

Text 1

1. D

2. A

3. ii

4. i

5. v

6. x

7. iii

8. viii

9. vii

Eating out

10. F

11. D

12. B

13. G

14. A

15. H

16. E

17. B

PART 2

Seminar – A debate on social divide

18. T

19. NG

20. NG

21. F

22. T

23. NG

24. NG

25. T

26. Playstation games / mobile phones

27. earnings versus expenditure

28. delayed maturity

29. (hazardous) coal mines

30. theft / illegal means

31. family income

32. social equality

PART 3

Amazing & Exotic Expeditions

33. extractions of diamonds

34. rocky pathway

35. governmental centre

36. Baroque architecture

37. A/B/F (any order)



40. D


PART 1 - Questions 1-7.

Look at the reading passage on page 3 and at the statements (1-7) below and answer




1. The writer recommends wearing red clothes for a romantic dinner.

2. A range of orange labels have been used to stimulate the consumers’ appetite.

3. In heraldry, yellow had a more positive connotation.

4. Every manager in an eco-friendly company should wear green clothing.

5. Experts in business tend to wear the colour dark blue in the whole world.

6. Opacity and the lack of light result in the colour white.

7. The black colour is a symbol of the absence of light.

Questions 8-14


List of headings

i The beauty of the colour

ii Natural fruitfulness

iii Cleanliness versus darkness

iv Paradoxical feelings

v Concord and harmony

vi A brand new style

vii Traces of creativity

viii Unimaginable sophistication

ix Profound thoughts

x Expressions of vivacity

8. Paragraph A

9. Paragraph B

10. Paragraph C

11. Paragraph D

12. Paragraph E

13. Paragraph F

14. Paragraph G

Colour Symbolism

The meaning of colours is a symbolic representation of the images one conveys to others with

regard to human psychology.

A. Red is the colour of passion, love, desire and its brightness aims to persuade others to feel

passionate about life. It is exciting, intriguing and encourages others to passionately pursue their

dreams. It is definitely a marvellous option for clothing as one thrives on a first date. However, it can

also instigate anger, rage, aggressiveness as red also conveys images of blood and it can be a

dangerous choice for a suit when one is about to survive a job interview.

B. Orange represents feelings of vitality, enthusiasm, fortitude – it is a vibrant and vivid colour which

brightens up life as it resembles the warmth of the sunny days. It is also a contrast to the fiery and

explosive red and it conveys a more thoughtful image of oneself. When health is taken into account, it

is said that orange stimulates appetite as it is associated with harvest and healthy food. As a result, it

is largely used in product labels.

C. Yellow is perceived to be the colour of joy, happiness and it carries the image of intellectual

clarity and decision-making. Many schools have already painted the classroom walls yellow so as to

stimulate imagination and intellectual wisdom. However, as a cultural symbol, yellow has shifted

from the colour of honour and loyalty to the representation of cowardice and it can have a negative

effect on school children.

D. Green is the colour of natural landscapes and reminds us of its growth and fertility. Therefore,

green connotes feelings of hope for a better world. It also represents endurance as it is associated

with an exuberant flora that lasts throughout the centuries. This is a colour for aspiring managers and

investors as it conveys a harmonious, balanced image which is compatible with eco-friendly, green

companies. In addition to that, the use of dark green represents money. Its excess, on the other hand,

resembles envy and greed.

E. Blue is the colour of calmness, faith, heaven. It is linked to a spiritual life which tends to

tranquilise the mind and the body. Blue is also a male colour as it has been largely chosen by men and

dark blue is the standard colour for corporate and business enterprises in the Western world as it

connotes stability and expertise. Thus, it is a perfect colour for a job interview. However, this colour

is said to be inappropriate to cookery as its coolness inhibits people’s appetite.

F. White is the colour of peace, purity, innocence and they are related to angelic personalities.

Therefore, white is seen as the colour of purification. It is important to note that white is not a colour

itself but the combination of colours and the wavelengths of light. In advertisements, this colour

represents simplicity and it is considered to be very useful for technological goods which are simple

and easy to be assembled.

G. Black is the colour of mystery. As black occurs due to the absence of light, it brings connotations

to death, sorrow and unknown experiences. On the other hand, black is the colour of formality and

elegance (e.g. black tie, London black cabs) and is widely used as the representation of prestige.

Questions 15-22

Match the DIY magazines to the statements 15-22.

NB Some of the magazines may be chosen more than once.

15. You can select the finest adornments to every room in your house.

16. You can run your workstation very smoothly.

17. You can learn about woodwork.

18. A range of meals are available here.

19. There are two options for embellishing fabrics.

20. This magazine provides you with the steps to fix a motor.

21. A special growing guide is included in this magazine.

22. Artefacts, ornaments and designs are beautifully displayed here.

Just DIY!

A selection of Do-It-Yourself magazines that will inspire you on your next home improvements.

A. Home Décor

The most harmonious and precise details of a stunning lounge or a cosy bedroom are beautifully

displayed in this fantastic magazine! As you flick through the pages of this inspiring magazine you

will be able to visualise the interior designs that can brighten up every single room in your house!

Professional interior decorators may ask you for some advice when they visit your home!

B. Authentic Furniture

If you are tired of simply buying flat pack and ready to assemble furniture, then you can take a look at

these original ideas on how to innovate your pieces of furniture! This magazine offers you the

opportunity to have your hands on carpentry and learn how to build modern and amazing wooden

furniture!

C. Embroidery & Knitting

Have you got skilful hands? Are you looking for a challenge? Then you are invited to follow our

lessons on embroidering kitchen tea towels, hand towels, rugs, cushions so that they can have a

unique style! You can also learn how to knit with beads and use a variety of knitting patterns and

fabrics so as to make lovely pieces of clothing! A perfect gift to you and your loved ones!

D. Speed Up!

Open these pages and be ready to look into your car engine! Clear instructions on problems and

practical solutions are displayed here as well as the use of the best tools for repairing your engine!

You will become a personal mechanic and your car will surely become very familiar to you. Your car

will never let you down once you become a voracious reader!

E. Chef Tips

If you feel like having the tastiest cuisines straight into your home, then this magazine will guide you

through the most delicious homemade recipes! Once you select one of our suggestions, you can buy

the ingredients in the local supermarket and follow our steps – the praise from your guests at

dinnertime will confirm the talented chef in you!

F. IT Now

Why do you wait for days until an IT technician come to your home when your computer does not

work? As you read this magazine, you will be able to fix any minor problem your hard drive may

have! Simply follow our screenshots and learn how to improve your desktop computer’s memory and

its performance! Software installations are also a piece of cake if you check out our step-by-step

articles!

G. Splash Out!

Do you feel delighted when you are in a bright orange living room? Or are you in contact with nature

when you go to a greenish bedroom? This magazine can lead you into the experience of painting walls

with the best colours available in the market! Take a look at our vivid colourful paintings and turn

your house into the most creative place you can be in! The greatest techniques are also provided by

our experts in painting!

H. Lovely Gardening

This magazine provides you with the finest ornamental plants, flowers, as well as articles on

horticulture and composting! The use of gardening tools is also taught so as to embellish your house!

You can be certain that your garden will flourish and blossom into a beauty at the next springtime!

PART 2

Questions 23-27

The reading passage provides a number of engineering drawings. Match each statement

(Questions 23-27) with one of the drawings (A-E). NB. You may use any of the designs A-E more

than once.

23. A view from the top enables you to see the entire aircraft.

24. You can see all the bolts and screws that joint the components together.

25. A cutaway of the wall is seen in this drawing.

26. It is possible to visualise all the decks from the front.

27. An engine is comprised of a series of components and they can be seen here.

A. plan

B. elevation

C. exploded view

D. cross-section

E. schematic diagram

Questions 28-30

Look at the reading passage on the next page.


28. At first, a sketch is designed and it is like a rough idea of the device. Then, the

……………………… outlines the purpose of it.

29. Comments on the ……………………….. are important as the colleagues have to approve it.

30. Once the workforce have their hands on it, it becomes a ………………….. as it is used on site.

Questions 31-32

Using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS, answer the following questions.

31. Which document contains a short description of the device?

32. Which document can replace a working drawing?

Faculty of Engineering

Lecture Notes

Week 7 – Engineering Design

In today’s session we shall look into a range of drawings which you will have to handle as engineers

in construction sites or industries.

The types of drawings available for our study are the following:

·1 A plan enables you to have a panorama outlook. In other words, you can view the whole

floor of a building from above, for example.

·2 An elevation considers the drawing of all the rooms and you can see each of them from the

front. The exterior site can also be designed and you will be able to see its façade.

·3 An exploded view allows you to visualise how the components of a car engine are

assembled or how the parts of the building are placed. It is a sort of deconstructed view of the engine

or the building.

·4 A cross-section drawing provides you with a view of a specific area, especially when you

need to have an idea of the joints that link two panels of a machine, for example, or a section of the

building, for instance, a cross-section view of the masonry wall.

·5 A schematic diagram enables you to visualise a simplified scheme of a network of air ducts

in a ship or an aircraft. It is also used in the foundation of piles as you can see this commercial

building project.

If words are taken into account, you can use:

·1 A specification if you would like to provide the client with a brief description of the

equipment or building based on a drawing that is related to the device or the construction site you are

working on.

·2 A note if you are to state the technical descriptions of the building, for example. Make sure

that all the details are written down and included in your note.

In terms of drawings, the first one is known as a sketch. It is obviously a first draft and it will

certainly need further amendments, which will then be issued to the Civil, Mechanical and Electrical

teams.

In addition to the sketch, a design brief is to be worked on and you are to define your aims and

specify your objectives in it.

The next stage is the preliminary drawing and observations from your colleagues will be crucial to its

development. They should also accept and approve it.

This approved drawing is now a working drawing and it is useful for both manufacturing and

installing the device. Once a problem occurs, the working drawing will no longer be valid as it has to

be revised. As a consequence, the following procedure is to issue an amended version that will

supersede the previous working drawing.

PART 3

Questions 33-34. Choose the appropriate letter A-D

33. What do you learn about the cruise ship in the first and second paragraphs?

A the reason for its name and the message it conveyed

B the secrets behind its manufacturing

C the royal guests and people of aristocratic background who were there

D the name of the engineers who were responsible for building it

34. From the list below, choose the most suitable feeling the writer had at the moment of the

departure. He was

A Astounded with the sound of the smokestack and the fireworks.

B Emotionally devastated as people waved goodbye.

C Flabbergasted with the unbearable sound from the funnel.

D Impressed by the fireworks and touched by the people who waved their hands.

Questions 35-37

Choose THREE letters A-G. Which THREE of the following does the writer highlight when

describing the cruise ship?

A golden ornaments in every deck.

B silver decorations on the table.

C impressive Irish beds in each cabin.

D uncooperative staff members.

E sheets and pillow cases made out of linen from Ireland.

F imported crystal glasses and wine glasses.

G silver spoons, knives and forks in the restaurant.

Questions 38-40

Look at the reading passage on the next page and at the statements (38-40) below and write




38. Guests could order a range of international dishes as their main course.

39. An unexpected problem took place in the restaurant kitchen.

40. A birthday surprise had been pre-arranged for the writer.

Chapter 12 – A Sumptuous Feast

It finally arrived. And there it was – wonderfully floating in water. The sheer majesty of it

enlightened everyone. The soon-to-be guests onboard were delighted – it was beyond all

expectations!

The cruise ship was called Hidden Treasure and it certainly held the secrets of the seven seas. It was

named after the island where it had been designed and built – and no guest would dare to find the key

to its successful engineering and manufacturing!

It was splendid. Every single deck would glitter the gold which had been used to adorn and decorate

it. It was magnificent. From the luxurious silver cutlery and exquisite wine glasses in the restaurants

to the finest Irish bed-linen in each cabin. And definitely it was the most wonderful place for making

your dreams come true!

Travelling along the coast of a tropical country in a great style was a unique experience. The service

onboard was impeccable – the promptness and helpfulness of a member of staff was to be available

24 hours a day! And there I was – breathing the fresh air and feeling a gentle sea breeze touching my

face on the Sunshine deck. It was the 12th deck and anyone would be astonished with the sound of the

smokestack or the funnel that announced our departure from the port. The sky-splitting fireworks

display and the emotional people waving their hands were to become the most vivid memory I would

keep in my mind.

As we set off and started navigating into the mysterious ocean, I felt really grateful for the stunning

sunset that accompanied our cruise ship.

Moments later, the moon welcomed us and invited us to have a marvellous night. I went to my cabin

and, after a long hot shower I dressed up for a glamorous evening. As I and my friends arrived at the

entrance of a spectacular restaurant, the waiter politely guided us to our table, previously ordered and

arranged for us. And we were offered the finest service we could ever dream of! A range of

sophisticated dishes that had been carefully selected from the best international cuisine could be read

from the menu – from Greek salad and Japanese sushi and sashimi to French caviar, British roast

dinner, Italian baked bread and pasta with Bolognese sauce, Spanish paella, Indian curry and

Brazilian barbecue. A mouth-watering smell of the main course would certainly be a very pleasant

sensation! We really indulged ourselves and tasted the most exotic flavours of meat, vegetables,

spices and herbs in our lives!

Then the dessert was surely to come. We waited, and patiently waited for a long time. What seemed

to be the matter? Something must have gone wrong. We looked round. No, this was the holiday of our

dreams, nothing could go wrong. Wrongness and errors were not allowed here. But what was it, then?

Had the chef’s watch stopped? Had the oven exploded? Had the ship hit an iceberg? An iceberg by

the shores of a tropical country?

I calmed down. A minute later and the mystery would be solved. The lights and the chandelier at the

heart of the restaurant had suddenly gone out. And a queue of twenty waiters walked out of the kitchen

– each of them was holding a lit candle on an ornate candlestick. Our eyes followed them as you

would look at fireflies dancing in the middle of the dark woods. They walked towards us, and they

stopped in a half-circle round our table. We were dazzled. One of them gently served a birthday cake

with my name in it. A crowd of people united into a single chorus and sang an international happy

birthday song, which started in the English language and ended up in other twenty or so languages. It

was the biggest surprise party I had ever had in my entire life!


Answer Key

PART 1

Colour Symbolism

1. T

2. T

3. T

4. NG

5. NG

6. F

7. NG

8. iv

9. x

10. vii

11. ii

12. ix

13. v

14. viii

Just DIY!

15. A

16. F

17. B

18. E

19. C

20. D

21. H

22. A

PART 2

Engineering Design

23. A

24. C

25. D

26. B

27. C

28. design brief

29. preliminary drawing

30. working drawing

31. a specification

32. an amended version

PART 3

A Sumptuous Feast

33. A

34. D

35. A/E/G (any order)



38. NG

39. F

40. T


PART 1

Questions 1-8.

Look at a letter of complaint on page 3 and at the statements (1-8) below.




1. The incident took place in the airport.

2. The suite the writer had booked was a luxurious one.

3. The writer was not informed about the cancellation in advance.

4. The writer had cancelled his holiday package.

5. His flight ticket was checked by a member of the staff.

6. The request was dealt in 20 minutes.

7. A manager was available on the front desk.

8. The writer was aware of the eligibility rules for a refund.

Questions 9


9. What do you learn about the writer’s holiday package?

A the writer felt the rules had not been clarified by the staff

B the member of the staff could not verify the rules of the contract

C a last-minute cancellation enabled the writer to get a refund

D the writer relied on the staff to read aloud the contract

Questions 10-12


Which THREE of the following does the writer highlight when describing the employee who dealt

with his enquiry?

A ignorance of the rules of the contract.

B rudeness towards the client.

C clumsiness when dealing with the documents.

D a low standard of customer services.

E a sense of aggressiveness.

F awkward responses to the client’s questions.

G uncooperativeness with regard to the client’s query.

Perfect Holidays

20, Kings Lane, London SW1 4LG

27th July 2010

Dear Sir / Madam,

I am writing to you in order to complain about the behaviour of a member of your staff who was in

charge of dealing with my request.

I had recently paid for one of your holiday packages. The package consisted of a return flight to

Tenerife and a five-day stay in a suite sea view and full continental breakfast at a luxurious resort

called ‘Breathtaking Sunshine Resort’. Not only was it cancelled the last minute without any prior

notice, but your staff managed to create an even worse situation in London Heathrow Airport.

Due to the fact that I was not the one who had cancelled the holiday package stated above, I requested

one of your check-in clerks to certify whether I was eligible for a refund. He glanced at my flight

ticket and asked me for my documents. As soon as I handed them, he merely walked away without

providing me with any kind of information whatsoever, and I did not know whether he was going to

verify it or not.

Patiently I waited at the front desk and, after 20 minutes, I felt obliged to ask someone else about such

employee. He returned and rudely told me the time for retrieving any sort of refund had just expired. I

asked him when this expiry date was (is there such a rule in any holiday package contracts in the

world?), but he refused to give me any further information.

Had I known your staff was so impolite and unhelpful, I would surely have asked to be referred to the

manager in your head office.

I feel I have not been well-informed about my current situation yet. Am I eligible for a refund? If so,

what actions will the company ‘Perfect Holidays’ take in favour of its clients? If not, what are the

reasons for its refusal? What about your staff – are they going to neglect your clients or will you take

any action against such poor customer services?

I truly hope you will take adequate action, otherwise I feel this letter will have to be published in the

local newspaper.

I look forward to hearing from you.

Yours faithfully,

Questions 13-20

Match the sport and its respective venues to the statements 13-20.

NB Some of the sports may be chosen more than once.

13. You should be keen on sand when you come here.

14. You can have a prospective future if you train in this place.

15. You cannot hire your equipment there.

16. You have to attend lessons before exercising.

17. A range of movement classes are available here.

18. Mental training is as important as working on the physical one.

19. You can choose a water sport or a sport played on land.

20. You can enjoy a variety of rhythms in this place.

Sport Venues for Athletes

It is time you avoided being a vocal activist from your couch and became an active participant in

the field! Here is a range of sport activities that suits all tastes.

A. Star Fitness

Here you are a sports celebrity! Join our gym and take the opportunity to work out, and have your

personalised program on weight training and body building! Alternatively, you may bump into our

jump, aerobics or step classes in the evenings! You will certainly be a star at the end of the day!

B. World Cup Football School

Are you the best goalkeeper or midfield player among your mates? Then, you are welcome to take up

a great training with the most experienced coaches in town! Yes, you can become a professional

football striker and have an amazing career in football! Open Monday to Saturday, from 8am to 6pm.

Extra practice is offered in the local stadium twice a month.

C. Seven Swans Dancing School

If you love contemplating Russian ballet dancers, you will be delighted to be become one of our

stunning ballerinas! We have groups from 3 to 15 year-olds. In addition to that, we offer amazing

ballroom dance for adults as well as Latin dance (including salsa, samba and tango) for lively

couples who love dancing the night away!

D. Radical Sports Centre

This is a daring place for brave people! Experience the adrenaline of rock-climbing, hang-gliding,

paragliding and parachuting in one venue! We provide you with the adequate equipment as well as

introductory lessons so you can enjoy your choice of radical sport in your first day! Further training is

offered to those who want to venture themselves into newer experiences!

E. Beach Fun Sports Centre

Located at the most popular Australian beach, this is the right venue for those who seek a great time at

the beach! Our friendly instructors are here to guide you through a range of sports – beach volleyball,

beach touch, ironman, beach cricket, surfing and lifesaving surf! You will be much healthier and

happier after being here!

F. Oriental Sport Centre

Welcome to the world of discipline and healthy mind from the Japanese masters! Come and learn

about judo, karate, jujutsu and taekwondo on the weekdays! You can also go for our range of

weaponry sports – fencing and kendo at the weekends! Although we do not rent the equipment

ourselves, we have a good discount voucher for the best shops specialised in clothing and

appropriate equipment!

G. Snow Queen Resort

Are you passionate about snow? Here you can enjoy the cold weather in great style! Visit our winter

resort in the Swiss Alps and learn how to go skiing and snowboarding down the most fascinating

mountain scenery you have ever stepped on! Equipment can be hired at reasonable prices.

H. London Tennis Club

Are you up to a tennis match? If so, then you can join in our great club and be astounded with our

tennis courts! We offer a wonderful place for tennis, squash and table tennis. Whether you would like

to book it for fun or professional practice, you can be certain to find an amazing atmosphere ready for

you!

PART 2

Questions 21-27


List of headings

i Considering the most appropriate garments

ii Presenting your documentation

iii Choosing the most adequate equipment

iv Focusing on the best background scenery

v Drawing a sequence of scenes

vi Analysing the act-out

vii Addressing the public

viii Facing the actual filming

ix Selecting the best shooting technique

x Processing and developing your film

21. Paragraph A

22. Paragraph B

23. Paragraph C

24. Paragraph D

25. Paragraph E

26. Paragraph F

27. Paragraph G

Principles of Video Production

Week 2 – Lecture

Filmmaking

Have you ever dreamt of pursuing a career in the film industry? Can you see yourself being acclaimed

the best producer or film director in an Oscar ceremony? If so, here are the steps for achieving this

goal and making your first professional video:

A. Firstly, you have to draw the outline of your film. What is the aim of your video production? How

will the movie enable you to fulfil such objectives? If a framework of your narrative cannot provide

you with the answer to those questions, then the entire production will be in vain. Moreover, an

analysis of the theory behind your narrative, i.e. known as theoretical statement, will underpin and

back up your video production.

B. The second question to be considered is related to your viewers. Who is your target audience?

What is their age, gender, ethical range? A description of such relevant features is of vital importance

before even sketching the storyline. If a video is to be aimed at children, for the example, then,

aggressive scenes will have to be evaluated with regard to the laws that rule censorship nationally

and internationally.

C. Once the outline and theoretical statement are completed, it is time to focus on the treatment of

your video. Here you should reflect on the genre of your film. Upon this decision, you are able to

develop the storyline. A sketch of the storyboard should be drawn and a brief description of the

location, the scene, the sound and the angle shots are to be included.

D. The analysis of technical issues is of great value to the expansion of the treatment. Therefore, a

provision of camera angles and shots will enable us to visualise the photography developed during

the film. A closer-shot, for instance, will capture the most dramatic or romantic expressions

represented by the actor. On the other hand, a long shot would be an invitation to either overview the

panorama or immerse oneself into the historical moment.

E. Lighting and sound are also tricky features and they are crucial to a successful story. Whether you

work on avant-garde or film noir, there should be careful attention to the usage of natural light and the

choice of artificial lights too. The same applies to sound as your movie can be benefited (or not) from

the echo that occurs in certain natural landscapes or the background noise in busy high streets.

F. The selection of adequate costume and make-up is also to be observed. The fact that actors and

actress (as well as stunts, if there are any) wear fashionable or designer-label clothes is not always

relevant, but the obedience to norms and morale of a particular historical time is. Consequently, you

should consider a study on the most suitable fashion for your storyline.

G. Your video should now be in the process of shooting scenes. Since each scene is to be shot at least

five times, you are able to select the best ones in the editing suite. Furthermore, you will apply your

knowledge on editing in this stage.

Questions 28-32

Look at the reading passage on the previous page.


Once the aim of your project has been written, it is time to focus on the 28.………………………, i.e.

your viewers.

As well as the outline, there should be an analysis of the theory which lies behind the story. This is

referred to as 29.…………………………

The next step is to plan the 30.………………….. and to consider the technical issues, which will be

available on the 31.………………….. of the film.

The choice of lighting, sound and shooting scenes should then take place as well as the later

alterations made in the 32.……………………. .

PART 3

A new craftsmanship straight from ESU to you!

Welcome to ESU – Expanding Horizons & Crossing Cultures!

We have just set up a new project aimed at our members within this organisation. We have launched it

in the premises of this institution of higher education and it is run by the undergraduate students who

are part of ESU. We noticed that you, our members, are in a need for a place which will provide you

with the opportunity to undertake activities and share common interests. These activities will give

you a chance to get to know new members, socialise, have a get-together and explore the use of

English language as well as communicate them with people from the four corners of the world!

How it works:

First of all, ESU offers a room which was designated by our university. The event is run by selected

students (i.e. chosen through a democratic election) and they are responsible for the management and

interaction with the other members within our organisation.

In the beginning of this autumn term, new students will be invited to join ESU. Please come along and

join us in our warm welcome next Friday while the new members will be given their membership

card. Once our cocktail party is over, you and the new members will be able to take part in our first

of a series of weekly events: debates on articles that have been published by British broadsheets,

documentaries broadcasted in international TV channels, films with English subtitles, artistic days

(when you can write poetry, act out or play musical instruments), cultural celebrations on national

holidays, and communication via digital media (i.e. video conferences, chat rooms, etc). Initially,

these events will take place on a weekly basis but, in the near future, they may be also held on a daily

basis.

Why it is for you:

This space will be our members’ educational, artistic and cultural venue as it aims to address both

everyday use of the English language and popular culture. It will entertain our members and invite you

to develop your communicative skills with other communities. In addition to that, it will give you a

sense of belonging to a much broader community than your own.

In fact, undergraduate students who have an awareness of the English language in a contemporary

context will be very helpful to this community. As you are capable of expressing yourself clearly,

your ideas can improve our lives. On the other hand, if you are not motivated to speak up, then you

will discover a new world round you, which can enhance your own, and you will meet new friends,

who are keen to listen to you.

You will be challenged!

And if you feel like being a candidate to be an event organiser, you will also find out that sharing

responsibilities with the other members will give you the power to encourage a greater integration

among all undergraduates.

Yes! ESU – Expanding Horizons & Crossing Cultures is for you!

Be part of the best example of students’ integration in our university!

A wholeheartedly group of friends is here waiting for you!

Further information is available in the address and phone number below:

ESU – English Students’ Union

Silver Building, room 27

Tel: 020 7586 4522, extension 424

Questions 33-36.

Look at an information sheet on the previous page and at the statements (33-36) below.




33. There is a range of international students who are members of ESU.

34. The administration of ESU is under its university regulations.

35. Everyone is expected to get a new membership card in the cocktail party.

36. You can participate in all the events which are held once a week.

Questions 37-38


37. What type of competence are the members going to develop?

38. What does the acronym ESU stand for?

Question 39


39. From the list below, choose the most suitable ability a member could develop according to the

reading passage:

A clear expression of ideas that can improve the university

B better understanding of other people from a different perspective

C motivation to encourage others to become his new friends

D co-responsibility for a better integration among the students

Question 40


40. The provision of further information is offered to:

A members who are elected to be the event organisers

B anyone who has got queries and would like to contact ESU

C undergraduates who can reach the organisation’s extension number

D people who have doubts regarding the university regulations


Answer Key

PART 1

Text 1

1. T

2. NG

3. T

4. F

5. T

6. F

7. NG

8. F

9. A

10. B/D/G (any order)



Sports Venues for Athletes

13. E

14. B

15. F

16. D

17. C

18. F

19. E

20. C

PART 2

Lecture - Filmmaking

21. ii

22. vii

23. v

24. ix

25. iii

26. i

27. viii

28. target audience

29. theoretical statement

30. storyline

31. treatment

32. editing suite

PART 3

A new craftsmanship straight from ESU to you!

33. T

34. NG

35. F

36. NG

37. communicative skills

38. English Students’ Union

39. D

40. B



Look at the reading passage and at the statements (1-6) below. Choose




1. Cocoa beans were once regarded as the monetary unit in Latin America.

2. Mayans traded cocoa beans with Columbus.

3. There was a drop in the number of chocolate houses due to the prices of cocoa beans.

4. People could eat chocolate during the display in Bingley Hall.

5. English tea inspired the creation of milk chocolate.

6. The ‘conching’ technique is considered outdated.

Questions 7-14

From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph A-H.

List of headings

i Flavouring cocoa with spices and aromas

ii Further developments of chocolate manufacturing

iii The first cocoa plantation

iv Mass produced chocolate

v Ignored by sovereign

vi A brand new cocoa beverage

vii The production of alkalinised cocoa powder

viii A venue specialised in chocolate

ix From beverage to tasty food

x Acknowledged as a sign of fruitfulness

7. Paragraph A

8. Paragraph B

9. Paragraph C

10. Paragraph D

11. Paragraph E

12. Paragraph F

13. Paragraph G

14. Paragraph H

The History of Chocolate

This is the timeline of a mouth-watering invention. Its popularity is worldwide and its consumers

have become chocaholic. Yet, everyone has to admit that they have a recipe made out of this lipsmacking

ingredient. This is the history of chocolate.

A. Over 2,000BC cocoa was believed to have been found in the Amazon. However, only in 600AD, a

civilisation was said to have cultivated cocoa plantations in Yucatan. They were the Mayans and they

considered cocoa pod a symbol of fertility. The Aztecs used cocoa beans as a currency in 1,200AD

and, two centuries later, their upper class would drink the cocoa beverage. As they did not have

sugar, they would add chilli to the drink.

B. Interestingly, the first Europeans who got hold of a few beans were Columbus in 1492.

Nevertheless, the King and Queen did not take notice of them. Ten years later, however, Columbus

saw a Mayan trading canoe with a cargo of cocoa beans.

C. In South America, Hernando Cortez found out that the court of Emperor Montezuma also used

cocoa and Cortez cultivated cocoa commercially in 1519. In 1528, he suggested adding sugar cane to

cocoa. Other ingredients were also added including vanilla pods and cinnamon. Moreover, cocoa

was regarded as medicine and aphrodisiac in 1570 in Europe and, fifteen years later, the first official

shipment of cocoa beans arrived in Seville.

D. However, it was a Frenchman who opened the first chocolate house in London. In 1657, The

Coffee Mill and Tobacco Roll offered cocoa beverage for 10-15 shilling per pound. Nevertheless, as

there was a rise in the number of chocolate houses, cocoa price reduced to $3 per pound in 1730.

E. In 1795, a steam engine was incorporated to grind cocoa beans and chocolate was manufactured in

large scale. This was employed by Dr Joseph Fry in Bristol, England. Five years later, Antoine

Brutus Menier developed the first industrial facility for the production of chocolate.

F. In 1819, François Louis Callier, the pioneer of Swiss chocolate, opened the first factory and, in

1828, cocoa butter was squeezed so as to create a smooth consistency to the beverage. This was

patented by Conrad Van Houten in Amsterdam. He also added alkaline salts to powdered cocoa so as

to make it mix with water.

G. In 1830, the first solid eating chocolate was developed by the British J. S. Fry and Sons. He also

discovered how to make chocolate bar in 1847. Two years later, J. S. Fry and Sons and Cadbury

Brothers had a chocolate display in an exhibition in Bingley Hall, Birmingham.

H. Eventually, after doing so for eight years, Daniel Peter of Vevey invented a technique for

producing milk chocolate in 1876. The idea was said to have originated in England where he had

drunk a cup of tea with a few drops of milk. Three years later, Rodolphe Lindt developed the

‘conching’ technique – a process which includes the use of a shell-shaped machine known as the

‘conche’. It was used for rolling chocolate so as to produce a finer texture. This process is still in full

force nowadays.

Questions 15-22

Match the places to the statements 15-22. NB Some of the places may be chosen more than once.

15. You can see amazing performances on a weekly basis.

16. A variety of motion pictures are available in this cinema.

17. You can enjoy a snack in the middle of a stunning landscape.

18. You can get hold of tickets in exclusive shops.

19. Stylish garment can be found here.

20. This venue is ideal for practising sports.

21. You are required to put on some equipment.

22. You can have a great ride in the lagoon.

Time Out

Take a look on what is on and have a fantastic day out in town.

A. Wonder Park

Would you like to have a relaxing experience and contemplate nature? This is the most harmonious

place you can be in! Wonder Park is an exuberant green area where you can have a lovely picnic with

your family, play sports, wander round the woods and swim in the waterfalls. Come and see the most

beautiful sunset from the Whirlwind – the highest waterfall in the country!

B. The Best Multiplex

Are you into the movies? Then, come along to a superb multiplex. You will be fascinated with the

range of films screened here. Each room features a specific genre which means that there is a room

for every taste. Would you like to have a 3D experience in our amazing tri-dimensional room? So get

ready to wear our special glasses. Finally the best blockbusters are near you!

C. Star Stadium

If you are passionate about football and love watching your favourite team, you cannot miss out on

this amazing offer. Star Stadium is the venue which holds the greatest football matches of all time!

You are invited to take advantage of a member’s seat and support your team on great finals. Tickets

are sold exclusively in our website. Fancy seeing your team lift the cup?

D. Old Town

Welcome to the Old Town. This small city centre is close to exotic white sandy beaches. As well as

enjoying the amazing beaches, having a sunbath and swimming in the crystal clear sea, you can also

walk up the hills and join the local parties and festivals which are held on the streets. Get ready to

dance and chill out in the trendiest bars in town! After all, it is holiday time!

E. Champion Centre

What a leisure centre – a range of tennis courts, football pitches, tracks and swimming pools are

available to you. If you feel like having some exercise and fun at the same time, this is the place you

should go for! Simply make a booking for you and your friends and make your way to the sports

centre. You can be certain that your athletic personality will make you a champion!

F. Splish-splash Water Park

It is boiling hot today? So come along and refresh yourself at Splish-splash Water Park. There are

over ten swimming pools, as well as a lake for jet skis and banana boats. There is also the slow river

where you can sit on a lifebuoy and go with the flow under waterfalls. Have a freshly squeezed fruit

juice or an ice cream in our wet bar and feel even fresher! What a refreshing day!

G. Great Western Shopping Centre

Do you enjoy keeping up with the latest fashion trends? Would you like to see the new Hollywood

film and eat some yummy popcorn? Come and indulge yourself in designer label clothing and

celebrate your day at the fantastic food hall. There are several restaurant options to choose from, not

to mention the amazing ice cream parlours. Have a great shopping experience!

H. Magnificent Theatre

Do you enjoy reading Shakespeare? How about watching his amazing plays in a medieval theatre?

Every week you can see one of his most fascinating comedies and tragedies as well as epic poetry!

Tickets are sold from authorised outlets and the ticket office in the city centre. This is a sublime

poetic experience and certainly unforgettable!



describing the CPU?

A It consists of three components.

B Data can be exchanged via ALU.

C It functions as a processor and device controller.

D Buses connect memory units.

E Instructions are decrypted in the Control Unit.

F Logical operations are carried out in the Registers.

G RAM and ROM are run in the CPU.

Question 26


26. From the list below, choose the most suitable method for empowering the computer.

A Have two processors setup in parallel and functioning separately.

B Provide a range of peripheral cards, including sound cards.

C Configure the network so that it cannot distribute data.

D Install expansion slots into the PC.

Questions 27-31

The reading passage provides a number of terms. Match each statement (27-31) with one of the

terms (A-F). NB. You may use any of the terms A-F more than once.

27. It provides computers with an efficient system.

28. It is in charge of evaluating units.

29. It calculates logical operations.

30. Their operations are not stored for long-term use.

31. It initiates computer peripheral devices.

A. Central Processing Unit

B. Control Unit

C. Arithmetic Logic Unit

D. Registers

E. Buses

F. Clock

Computer Way – User’s Manual

Thank you so much for purchasing a Computer Way product. This manual provides a brief

introduction to your computer hardware. In order to understand hardware, you should be aware of the

following terms and specifications:

* CPU is an acronym for Central Processing Unit. It is in charge of processing and controlling devices

so as to ensure a smooth operation of the computer system. The CPU is comprised of Control Unit

(CU), Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) and Registers.

* Two Memories RAM and ROM. While Read-Only Memory (ROM) stores information and data

which cannot be modified, Random Access Memory (RAM) enables information retrieval at random.

RAM access data randomly and quickly.

* The Control Unit is a part of CPU and it is responsible for controlling data transfers which occur in

other devices. In other words, it is charge of activating the monitor, keyboard, mouse, and so on.

Furthermore, it decodes instructions so as to ensure the correct function of computer programs.

* The Arithmetic Logic Unit is another part of CPU. It is in charge of executing logical operations,

including mathematical calculations, and manipulating data.

* The last component of CPU is known as registers. These are memory units which run at high speed.

They perform tasks which have been stored in a short term storage area. Instruction Register is a type

of register and it handles the instruction of the program which is currently being executed.

* Buses are the connectors of the CPU units. Thus, data transfers are held in the data buses; control

signals are sent through control buses; and address buses have access to the parts of the main

memory.

If you would like to empower your computer, you can use:

* A second processor. This is connected to the first processor so as to provide a more powerful

system. The connection should be made in parallel to the first computer.

* Moreover, a networking configuration enables the CPU to share processing, which is referred to as

distributed processing.

* Consider expansion slots. They are useful for installing peripheral cards, including sound cards.

In terms of speed and computer performance, you should note that the Clock is the device which

measures units and synchronises circuits. Pulses are sent to units at fixed intervals. While the units are

in pulse rates, the frequency is in megahertz (MHz).

Please Note: A Megahertz is equivalent to 1,000,000 cycles per second.


Look at the reading passage on page 11 and at the statements (32-34) below. Choose




32. Extensive research has been carried out by two prestigious universities.

33. Longevity tips are aimed at providing a better life quality.

34. People have kept those tips on the refrigerator door.

Question 35


35. What piece of information is accurate about fruit and vegetables?

A Orange is the only source of anticancer elements.

B Vegetables should be chewed for a long time.

C Banana is unhealthy to those who drink a lot of alcoholic beverages.

D Orange does not help those who suffer from anaemia.

Questions 36-38

Look at the reading passage on the next page. Complete the flow chart below using NO MORE

THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.

People who have two chocolate bars on a weekly basis are said to have a longer 36.

……………………. .

When you reduce a fifth of your meal, you avoid 37. …………………… .

Unless green vegetables are stored in the bottom drawer, 38. …………………… are lost.

Questions 39-40


39. What is the outcome of puzzle-solving?

40. What is vital for longevity?

A Guide on Longevity

If you have ever received this email, then you will know what it is about. If this is actually based on

ground research or not, it is still to be proved. The fact is that it is said that two leading and

renowned educational institutions - the University of Cambridge and the University of Harvard – have

finally discovered how to have a good life quality – once and for all.

The findings have been made available to the public and they are regarded as pieces of advice to

those who are seeking a good life. Fifteen pieces of advice (out of twenty tips) are actually related to

eating habits. Not surprisingly, you can keep a list of longevity tips attached to the front of your fridge

with magnets. There is an interesting list of fruit and vegetables which will make miracles to your

body. A glass of orange juice, for instance, is a source of iron and vitamin C. Moreover, it is said that

it prevents lung cancer in up to 30% of the potential patients. Another recommended fruit is banana,

which is known to reduce high blood pressure, heart attack and hangover. It also prevents anaemia

from occurring.

However, the benefits are not restricted to fruit eaters. Wholemeal bread is a friend to the human

body as well. It has four times of fibre, 3 times of zinc and twice of iron compared to white bread.

Another interesting ingredient is cinnamon – it is said that if you sprinkle cinnamon in coffee, you

keep low levels of cholesterol and stabilise sugar levels. This is definitely a piece of advice to those

who suffer from diabetics. At last but not least, chocolate is also a great ally for your health. It is said

that if you eat two chocolate bars a week, your life expectancy is increased by +1 year. Can you

imagine how long you will live if you do it for a whole year?

Having said that, you should also be concerned about how you eat. According to the experts, you

should eat a smaller portion of food, which is equivalent to 80% of the quantity you are used to eating

in a single meal. Not only does it keep you fit, but it also prevents gastrointestinal problems. It is also

important to chew your food for longer, especially when eating vegetables. This releases an

anticancer element, known as sinigrin – i.e. one of the glycosides found in Brussels sprouts and

broccoli. Finally, you should have a rich meal, which consists of colourful dishes made from white,

red, green, purple, orange and yellow ingredients. In other words, you should follow a rainbow diet.

As well as your habits, your fridge should also be organised. It is said that green vegetables should

be kept in the bottom of the fridge. Otherwise their nutrients will be burnt or frozen, and flavonoids,

another anticancer element, will be destroyed by artificial light.

Moreover, there are activities which contribute to a longer life. According to the study, a pet helps

you to be optimistic, relaxed and relieve stress. In addition to that, laughing is believed to be as

beneficial as running for 10 minutes. The brain should also be exercised. As you read stories and

solve puzzles, you develop better memory and have more interesting topics of conversation too.

Moreover, you are able to socialise and be in touch with those who care for you – your family and

friends. The study also suggests that 91% of people who are not in contact with their family develop

alcoholism, high blood pressure and depression.

As a matter of fact, self-knowledge is the key to those who want to live long and meaningfully. Those

who know themselves are said to live up to 35% longer than those who are primarily focused on

acquiring possessions. At the end of the day, what truly matters is who you are. Do we need a doctor

to remind us of our values?


Answer Key

PART 1

The History of Chocolate

1. T

2. NG

3. F

4. NG

5. T

6. F

7. x

8. v

9. i

10. viii

11. iv

12. vii

13. ix

14. ii

Time Out

15. H

16. B

17. A

18. H

19. G

20. E

21. B

22. F

PART 2

User’s Manual

23. A/C/E (any order)



26. D

27. A

28. F

29. C

30. D

31. B

PART 3

A Guide on Longevity

32. NG

33. T

34. NG

35. B

36. life expectancy

37. gastrointestinal problems

38. nutrients / flavonoids

39. Develop better memory

40. Self-knowledge


PART 1 - Question 1


1. According to the writer, what was the exhibition about?

A a workshop on the newest TV and video equipment

B a stunning presentation of 200 pieces of equipment

C a demonstration of devices that seemed to be the latest technology

D a remarkable achievement of the trendiest TV and video equipment

Questions 2-4


Which THREE of the following does the writer highlight when describing the equipment displayed

in the exhibition?

A artificial intelligent devices.

B remote control for 3D images.

C a variety of wireless devices.

D a range of screens and monitors.

E analogue and digital TVs.

F a 3-dimensional cinema.

G interactive TV options.

Tech experience of a lifetime?

It was certainly ‘an enthusiastic exhibition of the latest technology’. Nevertheless, did it actually

demonstrate the newest innovations in the entertainment industry?

On Saturday 24th March, people were given a public demonstration of what futurists and techies

would regard as a remarkable achievement on the latest trend in TV and video equipment. However,

in the era of high-tech innovations, this ‘technological revolution’ has succeeded in no more than its

apparent enthusiasm.

Over 200 pieces of equipment were displayed in a large room at Brighton Gallery. A range of modern

design and artificial intelligence devices brightened up the event. LCD monitors, flat screens, digital

TV, interactive television devices, multi-use remote control, 3-dimensional images – everything

would wake people up with a flashing message: ‘welcome to technological revolution’. Mr. John

Taylor, who was the events’ manager, said that nothing similar to that event had ever taken place in the

UK before. ‘Our range of products is unique. No one has ever attempted to go beyond interactive TV,

but I can assure you that we can offer a much better experience than that’. Yet the amount of colourful

images would lead anyone to a blissful blindness. The manager would emphasise such experience

was a ‘memorable imagery’ since, in his words, ‘people can see that there is a selection of a

countless number of TV channels available to them – they simply use their fingerprints’.

One could consider his last assumption and take the opportunity to check out how many TV channels

were actually available. To his/her surprise, s/he would find out 120 channels. This amount of

channels confirmed that there were actually less options than the current channels broadcasted on a

cable TV.

Its three-dimensional technology should also be verified. According to Mr. Taylor, ‘we provide the

cinema experience from the comfort of your home’. In fact, they had invested a lot on a virtual reality

room and its special effects would inspire many film producers. However, what was supposed to be

this ‘cinema experience’? Obviously a large flat screen would be found there, but its sound system

would not be considered to deliver such amazement since it could reach up to the high volume of a

current TV.

Indeed, this public event does demonstrate some advances in technology in terms of sound and image

quality. Nonetheless, the public should be aware of the fact that not all the latest equipment carries

such innovations, which would be an illusion to those who expected the greatest experience ever.

Jenny Johnson is a journalist, film critic reviewer and freelance reporter for the Daily News.

Questions 5-9.

Look at the newspaper report on the previous page and at the statements (5-9) below.




5. There was a screen that showed the message ‘welcome to technological revolution’.

6. It was the first time this event had taken place in the UK.

7. Visitors could become blind in the exhibition.

8. Mr. Taylor convinced the journalist about the cinema features.

9. The writer has written quite a few articles for the Daily News.

Question 10


10. From the list below, choose the most suitable feeling the writer demonstrated according to the

reading passage:

A scepticism regarding the technological innovation

B disappointment due to the lack of equipment there

C admiration for the attempt to build up a virtual reality room

D sarcasm in relation to futuristic technology

Questions 11-18

Match the artistic activity and its respective centres to the statements 11-18.

NB Some of the artistic activities may be chosen more than once.

11. You can find high art music in this place.

12. You can improve your theatrical skills here.

13. You will learn how to use modern handheld equipment.

14. A range of narrative skills are developed in this centre.

15. As there are different colours to choose from, you should use your imagination.

16. You can hold your pencil and a first draft can then become a great picture.

17. More than one language is available in this place.

18. You can combine pieces of music in this venue.

Artistic Savants

Come and find out the hidden artist in you.

A. Surreal Art School

Shall we express our inner selves? Yes, you can bring your deepest and most abstract ideas into the

world! Come to our weekly painting classes and learn how to use inks with the brushes so as to make

the next masterpieces featured in the greatest art galleries in Europe! Even Picasso would like to see

your artwork!

B. Dance Music Club

No, this is not the latest nightclub, but it is a school for the greatest DJs who will be scratching LPs

and mixing the best tunes in the trendiest parties and festivals! Here you can bring your own

equipment and learn how to use every single technical device hidden in it. Compose the best samples

and get everyone moving with the sound of your music!

C. Japanese Drawings

If you enjoy reading comics that have been made with manga, then you can have your hands on these

drawings. Our classes include an introductory lesson on the history of manga and then practice

classes on manga scans and famous characters found in print cartoons. Once you have developed the

most relevant drawing techniques, you will surely draw your own characters!

D. Shakespearian Centre

When you come here, you will see that ‘to be or not to be’ is not a question, but the answer to your

artistic talent. Yes, you can be an actor or an actress that is ready to act out and be part of any of

Shakespeare’s outstanding plays. Not only will you learn about dramaturgy but you will also step on

the stage and let out your acting skills in front of an audience at the Globe Theatre in the end of the

year!

E. Sublime Music Conservatory

At the heart of the town, you can contemplate the most incredible pieces of classical music! Our

lessons are based on a traditional syllabus which allows you to develop through a series of levels.

You can become a wonderful musician who will stand out and play symphonies in the most renowned

orchestras. An authentic repertoire of classical sheet music is available for skilful hands!

F. New Writers Club

Come and join in a new trend of English and Gaelic writers who are willing to have their names

included in the Scottish Academy of Literature! Every month, we gather together and take part in a

range of talks and workshops so that we can develop our writing skills, learn new techniques and

work on our dream novel and the finest compositions in prose!

G. Stunning Pictures Centre

Have you got passion for photography? Then you are invited to learn how to use the most professional

digital cameras and the latest technology available in the best photo shops! Apart from being able to

make the most of your camera, you will also be given a lesson on the principles of photography.

Natural landscapes and portraits will certainly become an artwork in your hands!

H. English Poets School

If you feel like unveiling the secret of the hidden poet that lives inside you, then you are welcome to

learn the art of poetry in the most creative place in town! Here you can let your imagination fly away

and think about an inconceivable combination of words which can shed a light on the most recent

works of the English Literature!



List of headings

i Applying for multiple financial services

ii Withdrawing money from your account

iii Applying for a bank loan

iv Opening a student bank account

v Keeping track of your finances

vi Upgrading your student account

vii Making a deposit into your account

viii Relying on cheques

ix Seeking advice from our banking consultant

x Going overdrawn

19. Paragraph A

20. Paragraph B

21. Paragraph C

22. Paragraph D

23. Paragraph E

24. Paragraph F

25. Paragraph G

Personal Banking

Here is the standard procedure for applying for a student bank account

A. Before the contract is processed, you need to provide us with the following documents –

identification card (also known as I.D. card), passport or driving licence, two passport-sized photos,

a statement which includes your permanent address and mailing address (if different) and your current

contact details. An initial deposit of £20 is also required so that we can guarantee your bank account

is actually activated.

B. Whenever you decide to increase your outstanding balance, you can check the nearest branch and

stand in a queue that leads to the cashiers. You can hand in cheques, cash or traveller cheques to the

bank assistant. Notwithstanding, make sure the amount is in sterling pounds otherwise you will be

guided to the exchange currency cashier or bureau de change before your desired transaction is

concluded.

C. Should you wish to take out any cash from your current account, you may do so in any ATM, cash

point or cash machine available in town. You may also use your debit card in any ATM throughout the

world. While the transaction is in progress, the amount is automatically converted into local currency.

Simply place your debit card in the slot available in the cash point and follow the instructions on the

screen.

D. A bank statement will be mailed to your correspondence address once a month and you shall be

able to identify all the transactions that occurred during the time specified on top of the page. You

will also be able to visualise your outstanding debts and/or credits and consider whether any action

should be taken regarding your current account. This first bank statement is free of charge. However,

whether you require another statement, your account will be charged a £0.25 fee to cover the post

expenses.

E. Upon opening your current account, we will also provide you with an overdraft limit. This is

demonstrated on the right hand side of your bank statement and you may use it whenever it suits you.

Whether you need to withdraw the full amount of your overdraft limit, you may do so. Nevertheless,

you should be warned that you will not be able to make any further withdrawals until you make a

deposit so as to have credit balance in your current account.

F. Whether you require a loan, you can use our application forms and have your credits analysed by a

competent member of the staff. Once your application is processed, the manager will send you an

invitation to a short interview so as to confirm your eligibility for a loan. If successful, your loan will

be paid into your bank account in the next 24 hours. The loan shall be paid in instalments according to

the agreement previously signed.

G. Once you have completed your degree, you will not be eligible for an undergraduate student bank

account anymore. Therefore, your current account will be automatically upgraded to a graduate

account, which means that you will have a more generous overdraft limit and you will be able to

apply for loans and mortgages that are in accordance with your financial situation.

Questions 26-30



Once you have your documents handed in and the contract processed, you can go to the 26.

……………………… and pay money into your account.

You will need your debit card every time you use an 27.………………………… so as to take cash

out of your current account.

No 28.…………………... can be made if you have an overdraft at the bank.

If you need to apply for a loan, you will have to pay it back in 29.…………………...

Finally, you will be given a good 30.……………………. after your account becomes a graduate

bank account.

PART 3

Stylish Male Grooming

Who told you fashion and toiletries are only for women?

A few years ago, a man who would go to the supermarket would glace through the aisles and find

numerous shelves dedicated solely to the female consumer needs. Perhaps, after looking into each

shelf as if he was a modern version of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, he would finally

see a small selection of products for men cramped in the corner of a shelf. Not only were male goods

seen as if they were part of a subversive underground subculture, but the diversity of the products was

also appalling to the male consumer.

In the 1980s the rise of the ‘new man’ shed light on the media industry and contributed to the

production of contemporary men’s magazines aimed at assertive but caring men. The pages were full

of articles on topics of interest to men – cars, motorbikes, technology – but they also featured amazing

advertisements on fashionable clothing and toiletries that were addressed to the male consumer.

Marketing research had finally realised that there was a target audience that claimed to have their

needs met by the media industry. It is true that such needs had already been established by the

changing society as men moved from the countryside to the bright city to become managers and

businessmen rather than follow their fathers’ footsteps and work as coal miners, for example. The

overall good looks and the appearance of their skin, hair and nails became vital to their self-esteem

and to the image they wanted to convey to others.

At first, the only products accessible to them were actually aimed at women. They looked for

shampoos and conditioners according to the hair type, shower gels rather than bar soaps, moisturisers

and cleansing facial gels despite the variety being focused on women’s skin types and facial care.

Since 30% of such goods were sold to men, the merchandising and marketing strategists noticed that

there was a significant amount of male buyers who had turned to female products since nothing was

available to them.

Fashion & Beauty companies opened up to this unexplored niche market and started to work on goods

which would be aimed at them – a range of toiletries and grooming products, such as shaving foams,

after shaves, shower gels and skin care products. They may also choose a transparent nail polish for

their hands and feet. Inevitably, the fashion industry also considered the availability of tailor-made

options as well as bespoke ones in the trendiest high-street shops in cities like London. The concept

was straightforward – as a man stepped onto the barber shop & clothing store, he would be able to

select a shirt or a pair of trousers and had them altered especially to suit his needs. As he returned to

collect his garments, he would receive a face and hair treatment in the barber shop with a range of

products that were aimed at his skin and hair type. No one can say that men are not looked after and

cared for these days.

Question 31


31. What do you learn about the male product display in the first paragraph?

A They could be found in huge shelves placed in specific aisles.

B They were in cramped shelves at the check-out counter in a supermarket.

C There was a wide range of appalling products due to its diversity.

D They were seen in the corner of a shelf and there were just a few products.

Questions 32-34



Clothing

Trendiest high-street shops that are aimed at men.

32. ……., e.g. having a pair of trousers altered.

Toiletries & Grooming

33. ……. used at the manicure and pedicure.

34. ……. products, e.g. shaving foams, shower gels, moisturisers and cleansing facial gels

Questions 35-40.

Look at the text on page 9 and at the statements (35-40) below.




35. The ‘new man’ was a term used to describe assertive but caring men.

36. Advertisements on cars and motorbikes were common in men’s magazines.

37. Initially men surrendered to female products.

38. Male consumers have to fit in the clothes designed by merchandising strategists.

39. There are shops which have a beauty parlour for its customers.

40. Bespoke options are only found in the high-street shops.


Answer Key

PART 1

Tech experience of a lifetime?

1. C

2. A/D/G (any order)



5. NG

6. T

7. F

8. F

9. NG

10. A

Artistic Savants

11. E

12. D

13. G

14. F

15. A

16. C

17. F

18. B

PART 2

Personal Banking

19. iv

20. vii

21. ii

22. v

23. x

24. iii

25. vi

26. nearest branch / cashier

27. ATM

28. further / more withdrawals

29. instalments

30. overdraft limit

PART 3

Stylish Male Grooming

31. D

32. tailor-made options

33. transparent nail polish

34. skin care

35. NG

36. NG

37. T

38. F

39. T

40. NG


PART 1

Question 1


1. What piece of information is accurate about the reading passage?

A Health questionnaires are ineffective tools for losing weight.

B Weight gain is an unfeasible goal.

C You will reduce weight permanently as long as you follow the advice.

D It is likely that people will regain weight after losing it.

Questions 2-4

Look at the article on the next page and at the statements (2-4) below. Answer




2. People should avoid missing out on morning meals.

3. The majority of people lose their consciousness in busy trains.

4. Besides breakfast, there are other sources for gaining energy in the morning.

No More Weight Gain

Do you exercise regularly? How often do you do aerobics? If you are sick and tired of answering

those questions when you look for effective ways of staying in good shape, then you can take a look at

the following tips for losing weight once and for all:

1. Do not skip breakfast. People think that you should avoid eating as soon as you get up.

Nevertheless, it has been shown that a lot of people who faint on busy trains are often those who did

not have breakfast before making their way to work. You will not look healthy if you try to lose

weight in a dangerous way. Breakfast is an important meal as it makes you energetic for the day.

2. Eat sensible portions of healthy food. You may be baffled as most of the diets focus on getting rid

of carbohydrates and sticking to eating lettuce. However, this is not the case. You should have a

balanced diet and ingest all types of vitamins. A balanced diet is not about eliminating carbohydrates

entirely but cutting down on the number of portions of carbohydrates you eat daily. A little bit of

everything is the key ingredient to a balanced diet.

3. Be aware of liquids. You obviously need a daily intake of water and liquids so that your body can

make up for the water loss you have during a hot day. However, this does not mean that you can eat

and drink at the same time. When you have a large glass of fizzy drink and a 9-ounce hamburger, you

have to face a great enemy: liquid retention. It is tempting, but you should have a drink at least 30

minutes after eating lunch or dinner.

4. Do some physical activity. You may be wondering if this is an advertisement on exercising.

However, you may be surprised as this is not about the best gyms in the world. Instead, here is a true

fact of one of the most effective ways of staying in good shape: the benefits of weight-lifting to burn

fat. As your muscles grow larger, your body needs the energy to feed your muscles. Where do you

think your energy storage is? It is in the fat cells.

5. Eat everything you have at home. It may sound odd and controversial, but this is actually a

powerful way to get slim. Before you splash yourself in chocolate sold in the supermarket round the

corner, consider what is available in the cupboard and fridge at home. By the time you prepare and

cook everything, you will not feel that hungry anymore. In addition to that, you will have saved money

on food shopping.

Rather than diets and their miraculous ingredients, these are tips which do work on your body. If you

can stick to them rather than eat compulsively and then buy a cosmetic product to make up for the

damage on your self-esteem, you can be certain that your health will improve a lot. And so will your

self-esteem. After all, you do not have to be the greatest fan of fitness centres to be slim and look

healthy!

Questions 5-7


describing the tips for reducing weight?

A People should eat small portions of carbohydrates.

B Fat is burnt out while you are lifting weights.

C People are encouraged to join good gyms.

D Carbohydrates are included in most diets.

E Chocolate should be eaten after cooking food at home.

F It is not recommended to eat and drink simultaneously.

G Hunger is reduced if you make food before shopping.

Question 8


8. From the list below, choose the most suitable piece of advice the writer may give according to the

reading passage:

A There are miraculous diets available in the market

B You will not lose weight unless you save up

C Cosmetic products will make you look healthy

D You can raise your confidence if you lose weight

Questions 9-16

Match the shops to the statements 9-16. Choose the appropriate letters (A-H)

NB Some of the shops may be chosen more than once.

9. You can purchase a long-lasting product in this shop.

10. Your health is taken into consideration here.

11. You can find ostentatious ornaments that will fit your finger.

12. Flashy accessories are available here.

13. They sell a product which looks like the real thing.

14. You will look sophisticated if you have an accessory for your shirt.

15. Accuracy is a core feature of the product.

16. You can put a glitzy accessory on your head.

Time to Accessorise!

It’s time you made yourself shine!

A. The Marvel

Would you like to bring out the star hidden inside you? Then, come along to our shop and try on the

trendiest accessories available in town! A fantastic range of earrings, bracelets and rings will surely

make you shine! You are definitely a star in our store!

B. Precision

You are about to enter a shop which is ahead of your time. A wide range of the finest watches are

available at affordable prices. Our watches meet the highest standards of clockwork precision and

they are built to last. Endurance is guaranteed and we certainly provide you with the most precise

time.

C. Extravagance

Have you ever been invited to a glamorous party? Ever wondered what you should wear? At

Extravagance, you can indulge yourself with the most amazing hats which will surely embellish your

beautiful face. Our impressive spring/summer collection features the most flamboyant flowery hats

you have ever seen. Be ready to look as the most charming guest ever!

D. Starlight

You are about to unravel the secrets of sparkling beauty! The finest pieces of jewellery have been

handmade by specialist jewellers who use the best techniques in designing the most beautiful rings,

necklaces and earrings. Our jewellers have carefully selected gem quality high grade precious stones

so that the most wonderful rubies, sapphires and diamonds can enlighten your mind and your body!

What a wonderful woman you can be!

E. Just for him

Male elegance is big business. Would you like to stand out as a successful businessman? So you are

invited to pay a visit to our store. A variety of exquisite collar bones, cufflinks and studs are part of

our unique collection designed to the new and contemporary man.

F. Stylish Eyes

Elegance and protection in one product. Are you going away on holidays? Is a tropical country

included in your itinerary? How about wearing a pair of wonderful sunglasses? We provide a range

of designer label sunglasses which combine style and eye safety. All our sunglasses have got UVA and

UVB protection. As you are wearing our sunglasses, you can envisage a wonderful holiday!

G. New Watches

How long have you been wearing your watch? Fancy giving it a new look? We have the widest

selection of wrist watch straps in a range of colours and designs which will match just about any

piece of clothing you are wearing. Our staff has been professionally trained to change your watch

strap in no time! You can make it for a change.

H. Hairstyling

Fancy having a new hairstyle but are afraid of cutting your lovely hair? What about wearing a wig?

Yes, fashionable wigs are a chic accessory! We also have an astonishing collection of crystal tiaras,

hair clips, hair ties and headbands. Looks really matter and a new hairstyle will certainly make you

noticeable in the fashion world!

PART 2

Questions 17-23


List of headings

i Corporate industrial design

ii Legal rights and liabilities

iii Expand your output

iv Product and service description

v The voice of business

vi Meeting targets

vii A manageable company

viii Roles and responsibilities

ix The importance of brand imagery

x An awareness of the enemy

17. Paragraph A

18. Paragraph B

19. Paragraph C

20. Paragraph D

21. Paragraph E

22. Paragraph F

23. Paragraph G

BSc Business Studies

Week 2 - Setting up your business

As the unemployment rate rises up, more people are looking for alternatives and setting up their own

business. However, very few people are aware of the factors which will determine their success. All

that begins well ends well – a proverb confirms the key to success. Thus, what are the key elements

of setting up a successful business?

A. First of all, you should have a sound knowledge of your product and/or service. What is it about?

Who are the consumers? Where are they? How marketable is your product/service? These questions

may seem too obvious to be asked, but quite a few businessmen have no idea of the tangibility of their

business. This is why most of them close down within a year. You should definitely brainstorm key

issues related to your business.

B. The next step is to consider the entrepreneurs. Who are the entrepreneurs? How many partners are

there? Which roles will each one have? How is the societal contract written? How are the shares

divided? It is important to state the amount of time and money each partner is willing to spend so that

controversies can be avoided in the early stages of your business.

C. Taxation has an impact on the development of business as it plays an important role in the amount

of profit you can earn. You should consider the bureaucratic process and what type of business entity

you have. Are you a sole trader or a limited company? While sole traders have total control of the

decision making process, partners tend to have investment and find it easy to raise initial capital.

D. The following step is to focus on the marketing plan. You should have your logo designed

professionally as this is the corporate brand image which will distinguish your business from others.

It is important to check if your brand name already exists and has been registered as a trademark.

Otherwise you may risk being fined for breaking copyright law.

E. As well as the logo and brand imagery, you should think about the media you will be using to

advertise your product and/or service. Are you going to hand out flyers and leaflets? Or would you

rather invest on more expensive mass media? How can you reach your niche market? It is important to

make initial investment in advertising, but remember that your clients will also freely advertise your

company once they are satisfied with your services.

F. Another key feature is your competitor. Who are your competitors? How do they offer their

services? Unless you know them well, you will not be able to offer a better range of products.

Another tricky question is this: is the market big enough for all these companies? If it is oversaturated,

you may have to consider changing location before facing bankruptcy.

G. Finally, you should develop your operational plan. Is your business well located? How far is it

from its suppliers? The answer to this question will minimise the shipping costs. You should plan

your business floor plan so as to maximise your productivity. Your staff will be grateful if you

provide them with a friendly working environment.

Questions 24-29

Look at the reading passage on the previous page. Complete the flow chart below using NO

MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Firstly, you should have an awareness of the 24.……………………… of the product and services.

The 25.………………………… has to be in accordance with the number of entrepreneurs and their

respective shares.

There are advantages of being a 26.…………………... as well as setting up a limited company.

Make sure that your brand name is not already a 27.…………………... .

You should be aware of 28.……………………. markets before doing business in a particular place.

Finally, you can 29.……………………. if you create a good working atmosphere.

PART 3

A Slow-Paced Culture

Do you know anyone who wakes up at 5am, rushes to the nearest train station, changes trains two or

three times to get to work on time? Perhaps you know someone who gets into his car and, after being

stuck in a traffic jam for an hour or two, arrives at his office? Have you ever heard from someone

that is tired of sticking to strict deadlines which sometimes are literally impossible to meet? Do you

know anyone who is used to buying a sandwich in a corner shop and eating it at his desk or, when he

has some time, having lunch at a fast-food restaurant? Do any of these stories sound familiar to you?

We are now part of the post-modern fast-paced society. As the motto is ‘time is money’, people

struggle as much as they can so as to do as much as possible in little time. However, a question

should be raised: how effective are the results of our fast-paced culture? Throughout the decades,

people have surrendered to this lifestyle and millions are used to beating the clock. A world

champion is the one who finishes running the track in less time than the others. Even better, he is the

one who can beat the world record. The same applies to industries – the industries which have a

leading position have adopted automation so as to manufacture a great number of products in a short

time. Technology is also an adept of this fast-paced culture. After all, what are the best brands in

terms of telecommunications? The answer is straightforward: the brands that offer the fastest service

in the industry.

In the meantime, a new culture has emerged in the northern hemisphere. In the Scandinavian countries,

people have decided to set the rule to the time rather than be its slave. Thus, a professional drives to

work and, as he arrives earlier than the others, he parks his car at the end of the car park. There is a

ten-minute walk to the main building and he can walk now. Instead of parking first near the entrance

of the building, he lets the front parking spaces to those who arrive late.

Welcome to the slow-paced culture, a new lifestyle which focuses on quality rather than quantity.

Industries are also run in accordance with the slow-paced culture. Take the automobile industry, for

example, and compare mass-produced automobile industries to luxury car industries. While a car is

produced in 18 minutes in a fast-paced industry, a luxury car takes up to 2 months to be considered a

finished product. At first sight, it may seem that luxury car industries miss out on profitability, but

they have financial gain in the long term. As a matter of fact, mass-produced cars are often recalled

with faults. A fault is rarely encountered in a car which was manufactured in two months. As a

result, slow-paced industries are more profitable in the long term.

In Scandinavia, a project is done in two or three years. The initial phase involves a lot of

brainstorming and draft-drawing so as to have an overview of the product. There are countless

sketches, design brief, preliminary drawing, working drawing, revised drawing and supervised

drawing. Not to mention the number of reduced-scale mock-ups, full-scale mock-ups and full-size

prototypes built to test the safety of the final product. By the time the product is actually completed,

people are certain that the product features reliability.

How about lunch time? Those professionals who work in the Scandinavian factories do not have

lunch in their workstations. Neither do the professionals who work in a luxury department store in

the UK. Instead, they make their way to the staff restaurant and, then, spend forty-minutes in the silent

room – a place where there are dozens of couches for employees to sit comfortably and have a

‘siesta’. After a nap, they are ready to work again.

Now you have read about a culture of improving people’s lives, do you still want to continue to be

ruled by the time limits? Or would you like to enhance your life quality?

Questions 30-34


answer.

Fast-Paced Culture

Workers have to meet 30. …………………. .

31. …………………. is used for industrial manufacturing.

Slow-Paced Culture

32. …………………. are available to people who arrive late for work.

A 33. …………………. is hardly ever found in luxury cars.

34. …………………. are used to test and ensure reliability.

Question 35


35. What do you learn about workers and their lunch breaks?

A In Britain, some people have a short sleep after lunch.

B Many workers sacrifice their lunch breaks in Scandinavia.

C Some people are willing to have lunch at their desks.

D Professionals do not eat meals in Scandinavian factories.

Questions 36-40





36. Traffic jam is unusual in fast-paced cities.

37. People who live in a fast-paced society are slaves of the time.

38. Technology is only available in fast-paced industries.

39. Scandinavian workers are unable to complete a project in less than two years.

40. In a slow-paced society, quality is regarded as the key element.


Answer Key

PART 1

No More Weight Gain

1. C

2. T

3. NG

4. NG




8. D


9. B

10. F

11. D

12. A

13. H

14. E

15. B

16. C/H

PART 2

Setting up your business

17. iv

18. viii

19. ii

20. ix

21. v

22. x

23. iii

24. tangibility

25. societal contract

26. sole trader

27. trademark

28. over-saturated

29. maximise your productivity

PART 3

A slow-paced culture

30. (strict) deadlines

31. Automation

32. Front parking spaces

33. fault

34. Full-size prototypes

35. A

36. F

37. T

38. NG

39. NG

40. T


PART 1

Question 1


1. What piece of information is accurate about the reading passage?

A Health questionnaires are ineffective tools for losing weight.

B Weight gain is an unfeasible goal.

C You will reduce weight permanently as long as you follow the advice.

D It is likely that people will regain weight after losing it.

Questions 2-4

Look at the article on the next page and at the statements (2-4) below. Answer




2. People should avoid missing out on morning meals.

3. The majority of people lose their consciousness in busy trains.

4. Besides breakfast, there are other sources for gaining energy in the morning.

No More Weight Gain

Do you exercise regularly? How often do you do aerobics? If you are sick and tired of answering

those questions when you look for effective ways of staying in good shape, then you can take a look at

the following tips for losing weight once and for all:

1. Do not skip breakfast. People think that you should avoid eating as soon as you get up.

Nevertheless, it has been shown that a lot of people who faint on busy trains are often those who did

not have breakfast before making their way to work. You will not look healthy if you try to lose

weight in a dangerous way. Breakfast is an important meal as it makes you energetic for the day.

2. Eat sensible portions of healthy food. You may be baffled as most of the diets focus on getting rid

of carbohydrates and sticking to eating lettuce. However, this is not the case. You should have a

balanced diet and ingest all types of vitamins. A balanced diet is not about eliminating carbohydrates

entirely but cutting down on the number of portions of carbohydrates you eat daily. A little bit of

everything is the key ingredient to a balanced diet.

3. Be aware of liquids. You obviously need a daily intake of water and liquids so that your body can

make up for the water loss you have during a hot day. However, this does not mean that you can eat

and drink at the same time. When you have a large glass of fizzy drink and a 9-ounce hamburger, you

have to face a great enemy: liquid retention. It is tempting, but you should have a drink at least 30

minutes after eating lunch or dinner.

4. Do some physical activity. You may be wondering if this is an advertisement on exercising.

However, you may be surprised as this is not about the best gyms in the world. Instead, here is a true

fact of one of the most effective ways of staying in good shape: the benefits of weight-lifting to burn

fat. As your muscles grow larger, your body needs the energy to feed your muscles. Where do you

think your energy storage is? It is in the fat cells.

5. Eat everything you have at home. It may sound odd and controversial, but this is actually a

powerful way to get slim. Before you splash yourself in chocolate sold in the supermarket round the

corner, consider what is available in the cupboard and fridge at home. By the time you prepare and

cook everything, you will not feel that hungry anymore. In addition to that, you will have saved money

on food shopping.

Rather than diets and their miraculous ingredients, these are tips which do work on your body. If you

can stick to them rather than eat compulsively and then buy a cosmetic product to make up for the

damage on your self-esteem, you can be certain that your health will improve a lot. And so will your

self-esteem. After all, you do not have to be the greatest fan of fitness centres to be slim and look

healthy!

Questions 5-7


describing the tips for reducing weight?

A People should eat small portions of carbohydrates.

B Fat is burnt out while you are lifting weights.

C People are encouraged to join good gyms.

D Carbohydrates are included in most diets.

E Chocolate should be eaten after cooking food at home.

F It is not recommended to eat and drink simultaneously.

G Hunger is reduced if you make food before shopping.

Question 8


8. From the list below, choose the most suitable piece of advice the writer may give according to the

reading passage:

A There are miraculous diets available in the market

B You will not lose weight unless you save up

C Cosmetic products will make you look healthy

D You can raise your confidence if you lose weight

Questions 9-16

Match the shops to the statements 9-16. Choose the appropriate letters (A-H)

NB Some of the shops may be chosen more than once.

9. You can purchase a long-lasting product in this shop.

10. Your health is taken into consideration here.

11. You can find ostentatious ornaments that will fit your finger.

12. Flashy accessories are available here.

13. They sell a product which looks like the real thing.

14. You will look sophisticated if you have an accessory for your shirt.

15. Accuracy is a core feature of the product.

16. You can put a glitzy accessory on your head.


It’s time you made yourself shine!

A. The Marvel

Would you like to bring out the star hidden inside you? Then, come along to our shop and try on the

trendiest accessories available in town! A fantastic range of earrings, bracelets and rings will surely

make you shine! You are definitely a star in our store!

B. Precision

You are about to enter a shop which is ahead of your time. A wide range of the finest watches are

available at affordable prices. Our watches meet the highest standards of clockwork precision and

they are built to last. Endurance is guaranteed and we certainly provide you with the most precise

time.

C. Extravagance

Have you ever been invited to a glamorous party? Ever wondered what you should wear? At

Extravagance, you can indulge yourself with the most amazing hats which will surely embellish your

beautiful face. Our impressive spring/summer collection features the most flamboyant flowery hats

you have ever seen. Be ready to look as the most charming guest ever!

D. Starlight

You are about to unravel the secrets of sparkling beauty! The finest pieces of jewellery have been

handmade by specialist jewellers who use the best techniques in designing the most beautiful rings,

necklaces and earrings. Our jewellers have carefully selected gem quality high grade precious stones

so that the most wonderful rubies, sapphires and diamonds can enlighten your mind and your body!

What a wonderful woman you can be!

E. Just for him

Male elegance is big business. Would you like to stand out as a successful businessman? So you are

invited to pay a visit to our store. A variety of exquisite collar bones, cufflinks and studs are part of

our unique collection designed to the new and contemporary man.

F. Stylish Eyes

Elegance and protection in one product. Are you going away on holidays? Is a tropical country

included in your itinerary? How about wearing a pair of wonderful sunglasses? We provide a range

of designer label sunglasses which combine style and eye safety. All our sunglasses have got UVA and

UVB protection. As you are wearing our sunglasses, you can envisage a wonderful holiday!

G. New Watches

How long have you been wearing your watch? Fancy giving it a new look? We have the widest

selection of wrist watch straps in a range of colours and designs which will match just about any

piece of clothing you are wearing. Our staff has been professionally trained to change your watch

strap in no time! You can make it for a change.

H. Hairstyling

Fancy having a new hairstyle but are afraid of cutting your lovely hair? What about wearing a wig?

Yes, fashionable wigs are a chic accessory! We also have an astonishing collection of crystal tiaras,

hair clips, hair ties and headbands. Looks really matter and a new hairstyle will certainly make you

noticeable in the fashion world!

PART 2

Questions 17-23


List of headings

i Corporate industrial design

ii Legal rights and liabilities

iii Expand your output

iv Product and service description

v The voice of business

vi Meeting targets

vii A manageable company

viii Roles and responsibilities

ix The importance of brand imagery

x An awareness of the enemy

17. Paragraph A

18. Paragraph B

19. Paragraph C

20. Paragraph D

21. Paragraph E

22. Paragraph F

23. Paragraph G

BSc Business Studies

Week 2 - Setting up your business

As the unemployment rate rises up, more people are looking for alternatives and setting up their own

business. However, very few people are aware of the factors which will determine their success. All

that begins well ends well – a proverb confirms the key to success. Thus, what are the key elements

of setting up a successful business?

A. First of all, you should have a sound knowledge of your product and/or service. What is it about?

Who are the consumers? Where are they? How marketable is your product/service? These questions

may seem too obvious to be asked, but quite a few businessmen have no idea of the tangibility of their

business. This is why most of them close down within a year. You should definitely brainstorm key

issues related to your business.

B. The next step is to consider the entrepreneurs. Who are the entrepreneurs? How many partners are

there? Which roles will each one have? How is the societal contract written? How are the shares

divided? It is important to state the amount of time and money each partner is willing to spend so that

controversies can be avoided in the early stages of your business.

C. Taxation has an impact on the development of business as it plays an important role in the amount

of profit you can earn. You should consider the bureaucratic process and what type of business entity

you have. Are you a sole trader or a limited company? While sole traders have total control of the

decision making process, partners tend to have investment and find it easy to raise initial capital.

D. The following step is to focus on the marketing plan. You should have your logo designed

professionally as this is the corporate brand image which will distinguish your business from others.

It is important to check if your brand name already exists and has been registered as a trademark.

Otherwise you may risk being fined for breaking copyright law.

E. As well as the logo and brand imagery, you should think about the media you will be using to

advertise your product and/or service. Are you going to hand out flyers and leaflets? Or would you

rather invest on more expensive mass media? How can you reach your niche market? It is important to

make initial investment in advertising, but remember that your clients will also freely advertise your

company once they are satisfied with your services.

F. Another key feature is your competitor. Who are your competitors? How do they offer their

services? Unless you know them well, you will not be able to offer a better range of products.

Another tricky question is this: is the market big enough for all these companies? If it is oversaturated,

you may have to consider changing location before facing bankruptcy.

G. Finally, you should develop your operational plan. Is your business well located? How far is it

from its suppliers? The answer to this question will minimise the shipping costs. You should plan

your business floor plan so as to maximise your productivity. Your staff will be grateful if you

provide them with a friendly working environment.

Questions 24-29

Look at the reading passage on the previous page. Complete the flow chart below using NO

MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Firstly, you should have an awareness of the 24.……………………… of the product and services.

The 25.………………………… has to be in accordance with the number of entrepreneurs and their

respective shares.

There are advantages of being a 26.…………………... as well as setting up a limited company.

Make sure that your brand name is not already a 27.…………………... .

You should be aware of 28.……………………. markets before doing business in a particular place.

Finally, you can 29.……………………. if you create a good working atmosphere.

PART 3

A Slow-Paced Culture

Do you know anyone who wakes up at 5am, rushes to the nearest train station, changes trains two or

three times to get to work on time? Perhaps you know someone who gets into his car and, after being

stuck in a traffic jam for an hour or two, arrives at his office? Have you ever heard from someone

that is tired of sticking to strict deadlines which sometimes are literally impossible to meet? Do you

know anyone who is used to buying a sandwich in a corner shop and eating it at his desk or, when he

has some time, having lunch at a fast-food restaurant? Do any of these stories sound familiar to you?

We are now part of the post-modern fast-paced society. As the motto is ‘time is money’, people

struggle as much as they can so as to do as much as possible in little time. However, a question

should be raised: how effective are the results of our fast-paced culture? Throughout the decades,

people have surrendered to this lifestyle and millions are used to beating the clock. A world

champion is the one who finishes running the track in less time than the others. Even better, he is the

one who can beat the world record. The same applies to industries – the industries which have a

leading position have adopted automation so as to manufacture a great number of products in a short

time. Technology is also an adept of this fast-paced culture. After all, what are the best brands in

terms of telecommunications? The answer is straightforward: the brands that offer the fastest service

in the industry.

In the meantime, a new culture has emerged in the northern hemisphere. In the Scandinavian countries,

people have decided to set the rule to the time rather than be its slave. Thus, a professional drives to

work and, as he arrives earlier than the others, he parks his car at the end of the car park. There is a

ten-minute walk to the main building and he can walk now. Instead of parking first near the entrance

of the building, he lets the front parking spaces to those who arrive late.

Welcome to the slow-paced culture, a new lifestyle which focuses on quality rather than quantity.

Industries are also run in accordance with the slow-paced culture. Take the automobile industry, for

example, and compare mass-produced automobile industries to luxury car industries. While a car is

produced in 18 minutes in a fast-paced industry, a luxury car takes up to 2 months to be considered a

finished product. At first sight, it may seem that luxury car industries miss out on profitability, but

they have financial gain in the long term. As a matter of fact, mass-produced cars are often recalled

with faults. A fault is rarely encountered in a car which was manufactured in two months. As a

result, slow-paced industries are more profitable in the long term.

In Scandinavia, a project is done in two or three years. The initial phase involves a lot of

brainstorming and draft-drawing so as to have an overview of the product. There are countless

sketches, design brief, preliminary drawing, working drawing, revised drawing and supervised

drawing. Not to mention the number of reduced-scale mock-ups, full-scale mock-ups and full-size

prototypes built to test the safety of the final product. By the time the product is actually completed,

people are certain that the product features reliability.

How about lunch time? Those professionals who work in the Scandinavian factories do not have

lunch in their workstations. Neither do the professionals who work in a luxury department store in

the UK. Instead, they make their way to the staff restaurant and, then, spend forty-minutes in the silent

room – a place where there are dozens of couches for employees to sit comfortably and have a

‘siesta’. After a nap, they are ready to work again.

Now you have read about a culture of improving people’s lives, do you still want to continue to be

ruled by the time limits? Or would you like to enhance your life quality?

Questions 30-34


answer.

Fast-Paced Culture

Workers have to meet 30. …………………. .

31. …………………. is used for industrial manufacturing.

Slow-Paced Culture

32. …………………. are available to people who arrive late for work.

A 33. …………………. is hardly ever found in luxury cars.

34. …………………. are used to test and ensure reliability.

Question 35


35. What do you learn about workers and their lunch breaks?

A In Britain, some people have a short sleep after lunch.

B Many workers sacrifice their lunch breaks in Scandinavia.

C Some people are willing to have lunch at their desks.

D Professionals do not eat meals in Scandinavian factories.

Questions 36-40





36. Traffic jam is unusual in fast-paced cities.

37. People who live in a fast-paced society are slaves of the time.

38. Technology is only available in fast-paced industries.

39. Scandinavian workers are unable to complete a project in less than two years.

40. In a slow-paced society, quality is regarded as the key element.


Answer Key

PART 1

No More Weight Gain

1. C

2. T

3. NG

4. NG




8. D


9. B

10. F

11. D

12. A

13. H

14. E

15. B

16. C/H

PART 2

Setting up your business

17. iv

18. viii

19. ii

20. ix

21. v

22. x

23. iii

24. tangibility

25. societal contract

26. sole trader

27. trademark

28. over-saturated

29. maximise your productivity

PART 3

A slow-paced culture

30. (strict) deadlines

31. Automation

32. Front parking spaces

33. fault

34. Full-size prototypes

35. A

36. F

37. T

38. NG

39. NG

40. T



Look at the article on the next page and at the statements (1-7) below then answer




1. A greater number of people are at risk of becoming debtors.

2. You should save up if your income is less than your expenses.

3. You should keep a record of your finances on a computer file.

4. Broken engines are common among imported cars.

5. Window shopping can cost you a fortune.

6. Your best friend can help you out while you are doing grocery shopping.

7. Impulsive feelings and behaviours cannot be controlled.

Money Management

Can you manage your finance?

Nowadays, more and more people are at risk of getting into debt. It happens for the same reason - you

are in need of several products but your earnings are not compatible with your needs. However, there

are some tips on how to manage your money and have a healthy financial life!

Your lifestyle should be according to your earnings. This is obvious but it is often quite

neglected – your budget should be limited by your current earnings. You can use a

spread sheet for personal finance – just type your income and expenditure and you

will be able to see how much money is left. If you are in the black, you can open a

savings account. However, if you are in the red, you should consider revising your

current situation. The message is simple – there is no point building up a mansion

when you can only afford to pay for a house. If you dream of buying an imported car,

you should also be aware that any broken parts or engine will also have to be

imported and certainly costly.

Avoid spending free time in the shopping centre. It is Sunday afternoon and you

would like some time out. If you live within your budget, a visit to the shopping

centre could end up in disaster. As you are wandering around, your eyes sparkle – a

brand-new product caught your eyes window shopping. Can you resist it? If so, you

may miss the opportunity to own the product. If not, you will have to pay off a higher

credit card debt. Perhaps you can have a better time in the park where consumption

may not seem so appealing to you!

Have you got everything in your bag? It is time you did some shopping. You have got

a trolley and you are about to go round the supermarket aisles. You are in the

chocolate aisle. Do you really need five chocolate cakes? The old shopping list is still

your best friend when you do your weekly food shopping. Firstly, you should write

down the items you run out of. You should pay attention to the special offers and tick

the items as you put them in your trolley. This way, you do not end up buying more

than you need and feeling surprised at the checkout counter. You will have a happier

life if you are not controlled by impulsive feelings!

Make time to make extra money. If you realise that your income is not enough for

your basic needs, then you should look for a part-time job as a sales assistant, waiter

or bar staff at the weekends. If you have some professional skills, you can consider

exploring freelance opportunities. Not only does it increase your earnings, but it will

also give you the chance to use different abilities you may have. So, instead of

listening to your friends’ complaint in bars or chat rooms, you should tell them to

stand up and be proactive!

These are some valuable tips for those who want to stay away from debts and manage

their money effectively. You will also notice that you will be able to build a brighter

future if you have a well-balanced financial life today.

Claire Smith is a financial advisor and regular writer for Your Money magazine. She is also the

author of the best-selling single-volume book ‘Making the most of your income’.

Questions 8-11



It is important not to spend in excess of your current 8.……………………… .

You may not be able to stick to your 9.………………………… if you keep going to the

shopping centre.

You can boost your 10.…………………... if you take up a part-time job.

You may also find 11.…………………... as long as you use your abilities.

Questions 12-19

Match the exhibitions to the statements 12-19.

NB Some of the exhibitions may be chosen more than once.

12. You can see how wrist devices actually work.

13. This exhibition provides you a helping hand for your schoolwork.

14. Visitors can learn about themselves while being here.

15. You are required to move about the exhibition gallery.

16. Audio equipment is provided by the museum.

17. A wide range of small ornaments are available here.

18. You are allowed to touch antique objects here.

19. This exhibition is held somewhere else.

A. The Clock-Wise Museum

It is time to go back in time! You are now invited to go anti-clockwise and explore the impressive

range of clocks and watches built through the centuries! Come and visit the incredible ‘Clock-In

Room’ and learn how the clock components function. You can also see an astonishing prototype of the

Big Ben! We are open Tuesdays to Sundays from 9 am to 5pm.

B. The Museum of Languages

How many languages can you speak? Now you can learn about the language familiarity and richness

of each language in the world! Whether it is spoken or extinct, you will be able to look at maps, find

out where it was spoken and listen to a poem, song or story while flicking through the pages of a rare

novel! You will definitely read between the lines!

C. World Natural History

Would you like to understand the origin of species? So, come along and explore the

timeline which takes you back to the Big Bang! You can follow the instructions and

see the study of human evolution from the Prehistoric epoch until today! Our

experienced guides are ready to provide you with interesting facts that could shed light

on your academic research!

D. Transport Museum

This museum is the perfect place to get you moving! You are invited to board an

eighteenth century locomotive and travel through the tunnel where you can see the

history of rail transport in the UK! Other means of transportation are also available

and you can catch a fifteenth century cargo ship or an early aeroplane! A unique

experience of moving in the British Isles!

E. International Craftwork

Do you like knitting, embroidery and woodwork? If so, this exhibition will enchant your eyes! You

will be able to see the most astonishing craftsmanship in the world! Each room features a wide range

of impressive crafts by continent. The exhibition takes place at the British History Museum from

September to March. There is a discount on child and family tickets.

F. The Automobile World

Welcome to the history of the most impressive vehicles! This museum houses a

permanent exhibition of 400 motors, engines and cars from the nineteenth century

until the Second World War. You can see a variety of automobiles ranging from the

most famous mass produced automobile to sophisticated Ferrari engines. Here you

can bring out the fantastic driver in you!

G. The Oriental House

Feel like seeing an amazing exhibition of the best china? Then, you are invited to have

teatime at our house! Here you can contemplate over 2,000 pieces of china while

drinking genuine tea! Whether you would like to buy an authentic porcelain vase, you

can come to the gift shop and purchase one of our precious miniatures carefully

designed so as to resemble the original piece of china!

H. Fine Art Gallery

Welcome to world of art! Here you will find the most outstanding world paintings.

Whether you love staring at impressionist canvas or surreal, expressionist paintings,

you can be certain that you will see fascinating artwork that appeals to you! You will

become self-aware and you will become enlightened after a visit to our gallery!

PART 2

Questions 20-27

From the list of headings below, choose the most suitable heading for each paragraph A-H.

List of headings

i An immunity-boosting antioxidant

ii Maintaining wrinkle-free skin

iii A supplement for your body’s vital functions

iv Improving your eyesight naturally

v Strengthening your skeleton

vi Preventing brain cell dysfunction

vii Boosting cellular regeneration

viii Restoring your skin

ix Increasing the metabolic process

x An energy enhancing supplement

20. Paragraph A

21. Paragraph B

22. Paragraph C

23. Paragraph D

24. Paragraph E

25. Paragraph F

26. Paragraph G

27. Paragraph H

A Multivitamin Supplement

Thank you for purchasing this product. This tablet provides your body with the recommended daily

intake of the following nutrients:

A. Vitamin A. It is also known as Retinol, retinal, and includes beta carotene. This vital nutrient for

the retina as the retinal is responsible for colour vision and it is also used in low-light conditions. A

lack of Vitamin A can lead to night-blindness whereas an overdose can culminate in

Hypervitaminosis A. Vitamin A is also a retinoic acid which contributes to the growth of epithelial

cells. A daily intake of 900μg is recommended.

B. Vitamin B1. This vitamin is water-soluble and its derivative, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP),

works as a coenzyme in charge of in charge of sugar metabolism. It is thus related to the breakdown

of glucose so as to convert it into energy. An insufficient dosage of thiamine can result in beriberi

(development of lethargy and fatigue). On the other hand, an overdose can lead to drowsiness. The

recommended vitamin B1 intake is 1.2mg.

C. Vitamin B2. It is also known as riboflavin and it is important to carbohydrate, fat and protein

metabolism. It is also an antioxidant as it retains a pair of hydrogen atoms (also known as free

radicals). They are believed to contribute to the ageing process. Riboflavin deficiency can cause

ariboflavinosis, including swelling of the mouth, stomatitis, seborrheic dermatitis and anaemia. A

dosage of 1.3 mg B2 vitamin is recommended on a daily basis.

D. Vitamin B6. This nutrient is water-soluble. It improves amino acid metabolism and it plays an

important role in the enzymatic reaction between glucose and glycogen. A lack of B6 vitamin can lead

to anaemia and damage to nerves in the peripheral nervous system. An intake of B6 Vitamin is

recommended and it should be between 1.3–1.7 mg a day.

E. Vitamin B9. It is also known as folic acid, an important element for the synthesis and repair of

DNA, cell division and growth. It also reduces the risk of cancer. However, a vitamin B9 deficiency

can contribute to anaemia and abnormally large red cells. An administration of 400 μg B9 Vitamin is

recommended on a daily basis.

F. Vitamin B12. This vitamin is vital to the body as it is associated with blood cell formation and

normal brain function. It is also important for the regulation of the DNA synthesis and energy

production as it also contributes to fatty acid synthesis. A vitamin B12 deficiency results in anaemia

and lack of red blood cells division. A daily intake of 2.4 μg B12 is recommended.

G. Vitamin C. The ascorbic acid is an antioxidant which prevents oxidative damage to cells. It is

also essential for synthesis of collagen and it contributes to wound-healing and prevents capillary

fragility. An insufficient intake of Vitamin C leads to scurvy, i.e. initial symptoms include malaise,

lethargy and, at an advanced stage, loss of teeth, fever and death. An intake of 90 mg of Vitamin C

should be administered on a daily basis.

H. Vitamin D. This nutrient is fat-soluble and can be synthesised in the body through exposure to

sunlight. It is contributes to the maintenance of adequate serum concentrations and prevents toxicity. It

can be synthesised in the kidneys and regulates calcium and phosphate concentrations and bone

remodelling. A lack of Vitamin D can cause osteoporosis. The recommended daily amount of Vitamin

D is between 5.0 μg and10 μg.

Question 28


28. According to the reading passage, what does recommended daily intake refer to?

A the maximum dosage of vitamin one may take each day

B the ideal amount of vitamins one should include in his/her daily diet

C the minimum daily dose of vitamins people should receive

D the highest intake of vitamins administered on a daily basis

Questions 29-31


describing the vitamin supplement?

A two types of vitamins can function as antioxidants.

B only people who have vitamin B deficiencies suffer from fatigue.

C the growth of the cancer cells is due to the excess of vitamin B9.

D the blood vessels only require a healthy dose of vitamin C.

E B vitamins play an important role in human metabolism.

F Vitamin D is activated by the sun on one’s skin.

G night-blindness is related to vitamin A overdose.


Look at the article on page 11 and at the statements (32-35) below then answer




32. Coaches are not limited to sports stadiums.

33. A life coach holds a degree in psychology or counselling.

34. Clients are expected to have excellent interpersonal skills.

35. Business coaches are more specialised than personal coaches.

Question 36


36. From the list below, choose the most suitable piece of advice a coach may give to

a client according to the reading passage:

A People should look at the problem from another perspective.

B Executives should take more risk as far as risk sharing is concerned.

C Family members are encouraged to take others to court.

D Coaches have to decide on a career their teens should pursue.

Question 37


37. According to the writer, what occurs when people attempt to solve a problem?

A Problems are left unresolved if people do not have a coach

B Those who are confident cannot find a reasonable solution

C People may leave a bad situation and get into a worse one

D They get distressed if they do not work out a solution

Questions 38-40



Summary

When a problem occurs, people tend to be 38. ……. and are unwilling to come up with

solutions to the problem.

Life coaches are experts in 39. ……. and can provide a new way of leading people to 40. …….

.

We all have seen coaches in stadiums. They are responsible for training athletes,

footballers, swimmers and they are those who will be able to backup players and

celebrate the success of their champions. Having said that, coaches are also able to

provide advice to people from all walks of life.

A life coach is a professional who combines psychology, communication and counselling so as to

develop creative solutions to difficult problems. The professional has an incredible understanding of

human beings and is genuinely interested in his/her client’s success. S/he is a good listener who can

empathise with the client. S/he has also got amazing interpersonal skills and can build up trust with

the client. At last but not least, s/he is able to provide unexpected and creative solutions to problems

thanks to his/her impressive knowledge of human psychology.

In the past, coaches were primarily involved in business areas. They were known as business

coaches and would be able to work alongside executives who were in need of help so as to deal with

decision-making, risk sharing or problem solving & strategies. Executives would also rely on

business coaches when they had to coordinate new projects or establish a good rapport with staff.

They would then become outstanding managers after having been advised by business coaches.

However, people were also in search of professional counsellors who were experts in dealing with

choices, dating, marriage, parenting, family conflicts, spiritual thoughts and psychological problems

(such as fear, low self-motivation). It was the birth of a new profession: personal coaching - a

professional who combines his/her coaching skills so as to work on providing effective solutions to

personal problems. If a problem arises, the person can seek professional help and learn how to look

at it from a different angle. Thus, instead of considering getting divorced or suing family members, the

person will be able to seek a solution to minimise the distress otherwise caused by the original idea.

S/he will also learn how to focus on the solution, tackle obstacles and pave his/her way to success.

Teenagers have also gained a lot from coaches. During adolescence, they feel insecure about

themselves. However, coaches can help them build their self-esteem and enhance their selfconfidence.

Moreover, coaches can help them understand themselves better and their preferences and

guide them through a decision making process as far as a career choice is concerned. Once they have

made the decision, they learn how to select the right career path and put their career on the fast track.

It is true that it is difficult to brainstorm ideas, come up with solutions and make the best choices

when we are stressed out about a problem. As we are in the middle of a situation, we may act

narrow-minded since we are unable to consider alternatives to the problem or unresolved issue. If we

attempt to solve it ourselves, we may also get out of the frying pan into the fire. This is why a life

coach is invited to take part in our decision making. They can teach us how to expand our horizons

and enrich our lives. They can use their expertise in human psychology and provide us with

opportunities to get to know ourselves better. Ultimately, they are professionals who genuinely care

about others and they can lead people towards personal and professional success.


Answer Key

PART 1

Money Management

1. T

2. F

3. T

4. NG

5. T

6. NG

7. F

8. earnings

9. budget

10. income

11. freelance opportunities

Magnificent Exhibitions

12. A

13. C

14. H

15. D

16. B

17. G

18. B

19. E

PART 2

A Multivitamin Supplement

20. iv

21. x

22. ii

23. ix

24. vii

25. iii

26. viii

27. v

28. B

29. A/E/F (any order)



PART 3

Life Coaching

32. T

33. NG

34. F

35. NG

36. A

37. A

38. narrow-minded

39. human psychology

40. success



Look at the article on the next page and at the statements (1-4) below. Choose




1. Every printed newspaper has been digitised.

2. Social media has played a role in shaping the media industry.

3. People can communicate with one another in real time.

4. It is not worth discussing if bloggers are really journalists.

Questions 5-7


describing media professionals?

A Journalists have knowledge of semiology and syntax.

B Media professionals do not publish in broadsheet format.

C Editors are stimulated to express their views.

D The public should have limited access to publishing.

E Stories are picked by the editor and investigated by journalists.

F Editors decide which news will be published.

G Media professionals can view and comment on blogs.

The Future of Printed Media

Will there be printed newspapers out there in 20 years’ time?

It is not news that the printed newspaper has surrendered to digitalisation. It is also a fact that the

media industry has dramatically changed due to the possibilities of social media. People can interact

in asynchronous communication and express their views as if they were experts in the field. This is

due to the rise of blogs posts and tweets which can be written by anyone – it is out of question

whether they have a Journalism degree or proven track record of knowledge exchange.

If everyone can be great writers, the question we raise is – do we need journalists at all? The answer

is – Yes, we do need reliable professionals who have a deep understanding of grammar, semiotics

and the politics of mass communications. Although people should have the right to freedom of speech,

it must be stated that broadsheet news should be written, proofread and published by media

professionals.

This is not to say that the public should be given limited access to publishing. In fact, nowadays, more

and more people have their own blogs which can be their personal diary open to public viewing and

commenting. However, we should be aware that, when it comes to mass media, people are given the

right, and even encouraged, to express their views on current trends and issues put out by the

gatekeepers. These are the editors, i.e. the ones who know which news will sell and which ones will

be archived. That is why journalists will always be needed. They are the ones who will look into

stories and find out the news that the editor is after.

If journalists are necessary then should not the news be made available to the public? Yes, but it may

not be in the paper format anymore.

As technology advances, people are more into digital formats than the physical product. If you want to

check when the next train is coming, you can google the timetable from your mobile. If you want to

find a local shop, you can check an app. If you feel like reading a book on the underground, you can

check Kindle. It is actually interesting that bookshops now have a selection of eBooks which can be

taken from the shelves and purchased as if they were a paperback version of a best seller.

So, why should people read the news in paper format? It may be a good habit to buy the local paper

on a Sunday morning and read it while having a big breakfast, but this does not mean that everyone

will adhere to that.

News agencies have launched a series of surveys so as to unravel who newspaper readers are. They

may be surprised by the fact that people have more incentive to read more as they are constantly

exposed to advertising and pop-ups coming on their screen. However, this does not mean that they

will read more printed paper. They are turning to electronic formats and becoming e-newspaper

subscribers instead of the standard reader.

It is debatable whether the price of the electronic newspaper should be higher than the printer paper.

Nevertheless, it provides easy and instant access to news stories as well as the opportunity to express

the readers’ opinions. In the world of active readers, passive mass media may not sound appealing

anymore. So would the newspaper disappear? It certainly would not. However, the printed paper may

count its days as it could be superseded by the power of the electronic format in the near future.

Welcome to the age of digital news.

Questions 8-14


answer.

The Age of Digital News

Due to the rise of technology, people are not keen on 8. ……. . For instance, a best-selling book is not

only available in 9. ……. but also as an e-Book. Although the paper format enables one to develop a

10. ……., not everyone will follow it.

News agencies have released a 11. ……. . They could be astounded to find out that people have

shifted from 12. ……. and turned into 13. ……. . This is due to the fact that they can use the

electronic format to communicate their opinions, unlike 14. …….

Questions 15-21

Match the places to the statements 15-21. NB Some of the places may be chosen more than once.

15. People can sip a traditional drink.

16. Visitors can bring their own treats to this place.

17. There is a diversity of flora here.

18. Admission fee can be paid close to the actual venue.

19. Tourists are taken back in time as they see a splendid hansom cab.

20. There is a distinctive archive which is a component of the legacy of this place.

21. Its duty was to defend and preserve the city.

Time Out in London

Enjoy some wonderful places in the British capital!

A. Eye of the Lion

Come and see the most stunning views of London! Standing by the River Thames, the London Eye is a

must-see tourist attraction which provides breath-taking views of the majestic city, including the Big

Ben and the Houses of Parliament. As the lion is the symbol of England, you are going to have another

version of the Eye of the Tiger. It is the Eye of the Lion. You cannot miss out this fascinating

landscape!

B. In Shakespeare’s Mind

Located at the heart of London, you are invited to come along to this traditional pub for authentic red

ale. Meanwhile, you can enjoy reading amazing Shakespeare’s sonnets and poems which are

displayed on the walls and available at a unique book collection on Shakespeare and is part of the

pub heritage. Where art thou? Come along.

C. The Great Stadium

Are you into football but hate hooliganism? Then this is the right place for you. You can purchase a

ticket for a friendly match or a national league one in the ticket office opposite the stadium. After that,

you can enjoy football in its real atmosphere. Get ready for cheering for your favourite football team!

D. Park Time

Are you out and about in sunny London? If so, you can make your way to one of the green parks in the

city. Why not go for a walk round the lakes and enjoy a nice ice-cream cone afterwards? Fancy

having a family picnic? So, get your basket filled with goodies and sandwiches and choose a place

for a lovely time. Do not forget to bring a ball and play with the children. After all, it is summertime!

E. Rock Star

Do you love British music? Did you witness the Beatle mania? Did you want to see a Queen gig? This

is the moving theatre. As soon as you take a seat, you slide through history as you watch some

incredible performances with wax figures. They were the greatest rock stars of all time. Come and

sing along your favourite tunes!

F. The Great Gardens

Welcome to the wonderful royal gardens! Kensington Gardens are a majestic place where nature is

perfectly combined with royal beauty. The Gardens are embellished with lakes, pathways and statues

and are a welcome home to birds and squirrels which come to the variety of plants and flowers. You

are invited to contemplate this magnificent natural beauty!

G. London Museum

You cannot visit London and forget to adventure yourself in the history of the city. As you enter the

museum, you will see a long line which brings you back to the early days of the city. You will follow

history, wars and grand events so that you can finally reach the contemporary society. There is a

special exhibition of the royal carriage and you should definitely pay a visit to it!

H. The Tower

Who has been to London before and missed the Tower? It is not possible to avoid seeing the great

fortress which safeguarded the city for centuries. The Tower of London holds the treasure of the

Crown Jewels and protected the monarchy and their dynasties! You should remember to allow time

for purchasing souvenirs as there is nothing like a dazzling piece of jewellery from the Tower!



List of headings

i Writing lesson plans

ii Stating accomplishments

iii Action planning

iv Purposeful objectives

v An outline of the class

vi Planning actions and processes

vii Constructing successful lesson plans

viii Arrangement of tools and equipment

ix Foreseen concerns and thoughtful answers

x A methodical approach to lesson planning

22. Paragraph A

23. Paragraph B

24. Paragraph C

25. Paragraph D

26. Paragraph E

27. Paragraph F

28. Paragraph G

Lecturer’s Notes

Week 7 – Lesson Planning

A. In today’s lecture, we are going to evaluate a written lesson plan. As you are undertaking a formal

training course, you will be expected to think critically and effectively produce lesson plans. Briefly,

lesson plans are comprised of background information on the class, language scrutiny (i.e. assess

what will be taught) and a chronological description of the lesson activities.

B. As I mentioned before, in the first part of the lesson plan, you should provide the background

information on the class. This includes the age group, language level, whether it is a mixed-ability

class and/or a mixed-level class. This is acknowledged as the class profile. You should also write

down the room number, teacher’s name, date, start time, finish time, and the length of the lesson.

C. You are then required to complete the Main Lesson Aims which is basically defined in the

statement ‘this is what the students will be able to do at the end of the lesson’. In order to

achieve your aims, you need to think about the target language you are going to teach and analyse how

you can do it. You should also complete the section Personal Goals as you will be able to reflect on

your professional achievements once the lesson has been taught.

D. In order to start the language analysis, you need to evaluate what your students already know and

do not know. This is referred to as Assumptions. You should consider their previous knowledge of the

topic, and their understanding of the lesson aims so that the lesson can be engaging and successful. As

well as the Assumptions, you may assess the Anticipated Problems, which are possible issues that

could emerge during the lesson. Once you write them down, you should consider Possible Solutions

in case they do occur.

E. This enables us to begin the Lesson Procedure. The first part is the Stage number as you should put

the activities in chronological order. The Procedure is the next part and you should provide a brief

description of the activity you are going to perform. This is followed by Tasks, which are the

activities the students will do as a follow-up to your explanation. Both Procedure and Tasks will lead

to the mean of Interaction or how you will interact with the class (e.g. teacher talks to the students,

students work in pairs, etc.).

F. There should also be an assessment of the Aims or Goals for that particular task so that it is

meaningful and connected to the Main Aims mentioned before. For example, which language skill do

you intend to focus on during the activity in question? How does it relate to the Main Aim? A

successful lesson should combine a range of activities so that students are able to develop their skills.

You should also remember to include the length of time for each task and the total time of all tasks so

as to maximise the lesson time.

G. Finally, you should write down the materials you intend to use. This enables you to organise your

resources and ensure that you have the hand-outs, flashcards, laptop you will need during the lesson.

If you are well-prepared for teaching, your students will be more willing to prepare themselves for a

productive learning experience.

Questions 29-30


29. In what part of the lesson plan does the teacher assess his/her own accomplishment?

30. What is the main purpose of providing a variety of activities?

Question 31


31. According to the reading passage, what piece of information is accurate about lesson planning?

A The three-stage lesson plan is only available in formal training course

B The most important part is stated in the Main Lesson Aims

C Both teacher’s and students’ actions are described in the Lesson Procedure

D There is no link between Main Lesson Aims and Goals


Look at the article on page 11 and at the statements (32-35) below. Choose




32. The Big Mac Index referred to the consumption of fast food in major cities.

33. People have considered the Big Mac Index before moving to a particular area.

34. The liveability of a city could be assessed with the Human Development Index.

35. Galbraith acknowledged quality of life as the sole wealth of a country.

Question 36


36. From the list below, choose the most suitable statement about quality of life:

A People who choose to live in certain cities have a high quality of life.

B Galbraith offered an extended definition of quality of life.

C It relies on life expectancy and high standards of living.

D It is measured with the Big Mac Index and the Human Development Index.

Question 37


37. According to the reading passage, which statement is true about the qualitative measurement of

life quality?

A It acknowledges the importance of healthy habits and personal happiness

B It aims at addressing health matters so as to enhance life expectancy

C It has narrowed the broad definition of quality of life

D It supersedes the relevance of quantitative measurement of life quality

Questions 38-40

Look at the reading passage on the next page. Complete the flow chart below using NO MORE

THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

As psychological factors are crucial for 38.………………………., they have been incorporated to

the definition of quality of life.

Life quality will be compromised if the individual is stressed and depressed, regardless of their 39.

………………………… .

40.…………………... is the outcome of assessing quality of life as a blend of objective and

subjective factors.

Assessing Quality of Life

What ultimately brings a high quality of life?

A few years ago, a renowned financial magazine reported the living standards of capital cities

through the Big Mac Index. Although it may sound as if the data was about fast food consumption and

eating habits, this index was used to measure the cost of living in suburbs and cities where the Big

Mac could be purchased. The more expensive a sandwich, the higher the cost of living there. This

would surely provide us with an awareness of the cost of living in those areas should you wish to

move to one of them. However, would it be enough for an enhanced life quality?

According to the Human Development Index, life quality can be measured on the basis of life

expectancy (hence the evaluation of healthcare systems), education (including literacy and numeracy),

family income (salary and allowances), housing (i.e. the standards of living). The higher the score,

the greater the city’s liveability. These results would provide us with a good option for living.

However, if this accounts for a deep understanding of life quality, are we definitely going to have a

high quality of life once we choose to live in one of those cities?

In 1958, the economist Galbraith developed the concept of life quality. According to this view,

countries should aim to move toward a qualitative growth of human life rather than a quantitative

economic growth based on material acquisition. Life quality was regarded as what should be

perceived as the wealth of a country. Therefore, political and economic planning should focus on

enriching the country’s quality of life.

On the other hand, once we take this concept into account, we realise that human life quality is not

only determined by economic and infrastructure factors. They surely play an important role in

providing a good standard of living. However, they are not the only factors which compose the

complex definition of quality of life.

If we also look at the qualitative measurement of life quality, we are going to broaden it even wider.

This is due to the fact that emotional and psychological factors are vital for human satisfaction. It

does not matter whether an individual has high standard of living if s/he is stressed and depressed. In

order to minimise stress (and other unhealthy conditions), we should evaluate whether people have

healthy eating habits, pursue physical activities, hobbies and other mental activities. Moreover, in

order to eradicate depression, we should assess personal happiness, which includes socialisation,

spirituality, family life, personal achievements, self-esteem and emotional well-being.

While the Human Development Index evaluates quality of life on the basis of an objective view, the

emotional and psychological factors shed light on the assessment of life quality and enhance it with a

subjective view. This thorough evaluation of quality of life ensures that human happiness is not only

dependant on economy and the power of purchase or material possession but it is also reliant on the

realm of emotion and mind. Whether there is a combination of objective and subjective factors, we

should be looking forward to a happy longevity.


Answer Key

PART 1

The Future of Printed Media

1. NG

2. T

3. F

4. T




8. physical product(s)

9. paperback version

10. (good) habit

11. series of surveys

12. standard reader

13. e-newspaper subscribers

14. passive (mass) media

Time Out in London

15. B

16. D

17. F

18. C

19. G

20. B

21. H

PART 2

Lesson Planning

22. vii

23. v

24. ii

25. ix

26. iii

27. iv

28. viii

29. Personal Goals

30. Develop students’ skills

31. C

PART 3

Defining Quality of Life

32. F

33. NG

34. T

35. NG

36. B

37. A

38. human satisfaction

39. standard of living

40. happy longevity


PART 1

Look at the article on the next page about university accommodation and at the statements (1-8)

below.

Questions 1-8




1. A fresher goes through more emotional distress than other undergraduates.

2. Few students are fond of staying in a place which resembles their home.

3. Second year students do not stand a chance of being offered a room in halls of residence.

4. House-hunting is more exciting than moving to university-managed accommodation.

5. A range of financial terms is included in a property rental agreement.

6. New friends should have parties in communal areas in halls of residence.

7. Students will be in the red unless they set a budget before they go house-hunting.

8. Reasonable rental prices can be found near university and local amenities.

Uni Accommodation -

Should you stay or should you leave?

You have been through the whole process – filled in an UCAS application form, sent the results of

your A-levels, passed your English exam and was finally given an offer to join university. Now you

are on your way to move to the university accommodation of your choice, a question arises in your

head – where is the best place for a student to stay while being at uni in the UK?

A survey has shown that over 60 percent of first-year students look for a room within the available

university-managed accommodation houses. The reason for that is simple – a fresher tends to feel

lonely, lost and homesick more often than a final year undergraduate. In addition to that, halls of

residence are like a refugee camp where the newcomers can gather together so as to survive in the

new environment, which initially may be so obscure that they often get lost amid the disturbing and

exciting big city.

On-campus housing facilities also count for their final choice – the majority of the residents said that

a place with a homey atmosphere, like a lounge with comfortable sofas and a TV or a fully-equipped

kitchen and a launderette, was very important for their well-being.

Having said that, second-year undergraduate students are not so keen on staying in halls of residence

or flats administered by their university. At this stage, either the accommodation bureau is not up to

offer a place to older students (as there is a policy for welcoming first-year students before anyone

else, and, then, if a room remains empty, they will consider other applications) or they have met a few

friends who they get along with, and they feel it is time to go house-hunting. This is when the

adventure for undergraduate students starts again. Now they are familiar with their university policies

and the new city life, they are about to be bombarded with new rules and regulations set by estate

agencies. Payments are to be made pcm. (per calendar month), a monthly deposit is to be given

beforehand, flat and house rents are either bills inc. or bills exc. (including or excluding bills) and so

on.

No matter what they go for, around 30 percent of final year undergraduates send their applications

forms and hope to come back to the university accommodation and their halls of residence so that they

can finally complete their degree.

Tips for Undergraduates

In the halls of residence

* Make the most of your room, keep it neat and clean and you will have a nice study environment.

Socialise – the kitchen, lounge and bar are there for you so that you can make new friends.

* When you cook or do the washing, think about the others – do not leave your personal stuff lying

around.

When house-hunting

* Set your own budget and ask your flatmates to do the same. This way, you do not end up signing

over-budget contracts and getting into debt.

* Check out the facilities included in the rental price before you move to the new place. Do they meet

your needs?

* Take a look at the neighbourhood and local transport – cheap accommodation in faraway suburbs

turns out to be overpriced at the end of the day!

Questions 9-14

Match the adventure holidays to the statements 9-14.

NB Some of the holidays may be chosen more than once.

9. The water is very salty there.

10. You can see natural landscapes from a different angle.

11. As you swim, the flowing water splashes over the rocks.

12. There is a range of wild animals in this place.

13. You can find ancient ruins there.

14. Do not attempt to swim there without appropriate equipment.

Natural Landscapes for you!

If you are eager to be in contact with nature, then these options of adventure holidays are

definitely to be in your choice list

A. Incas in the jungle!

Enjoy the mysterious trail in the Andes mountains and be astounded with the magical monuments of

Machu Pichu! The historical Incas and the fascinating reminiscences of their culture will be a thrilling

moment in your life!

B. Magnificent Serra da Canastra

Ever seen huge waterfalls? Not yet? Then, you are welcome to a unique place! Follow trails through

the jungle and go hiking on Minas’ mountains so as to reach astonishing waterfalls! As you celebrate

your arrival, you can swim in the clearest water and have an unforgettable experience!

C. Seven Sisters & You

Here is a long walk through the English countryside - among sheep and goats and an amazing lake -

until you reach an untouched beach, full of pebbles, and seven white cliffs! Contemplate the sea that

always greets the seven sisters!

D. Long way down in Queenstown

Fancy a radical sport? Well, you are in the ideal place for bung-jumping! Walk through the forest and

enjoy the natural landscape before you see yourself jumping over it!

E. Visit the Treasure Island!

Come on hiking over the coastal area of Ireland! Known as the Emerald Island, this can be an exciting

journey as you can go horse-riding there! Enjoy the freedom of the greenest countryside you have ever

seen!

F. Desert Landscape

Explore the desert lands in Chile! As you walk through the hot, arid plateau during the day, you will

be surprised with the historical importance of Atacama! And the salt basins will impress you with its

exuberance!

G. Bonito is really beautiful!

Go on a trip to the Pantanal jungle and watch a variety of fauna and flora as you travel by a boat on

the river! When you arrive at Bonito, you can go water-rafting on the waterfalls or snorkelling in the

lakes under the caves!

H. Come on rocky time!

If you are into rock-climbing, then you are coming to the right place! Join groups of rock-climbers and

you can see terrific views whether you are going up or down! Camping is an alternative to those who

want to go on longer journeys!

PART 2

Questions 15-21.


List of headings

i Allow the best fluid intake

ii Have a joyful time

iii Overcome difficulties

iv Mind your own business

v Renew your body cells

vi Review your meals

vii Become proactive

viii Control your diabetes

ix Be in touch with nature

x Count your calories

Questions

15. Paragraph A

16. Paragraph B

17. Paragraph C

18. Paragraph D

19. Paragraph E

20. Paragraph F

21. Paragraph G

Food for Thought

Seven steps to a healthier life

First of all, dieting does not only consist of dashing to the supermarket and glancing through shelves

in search of a miserable, tiny chocolate bar with the word ‘diet’ written in gold letters. Dieting is

about balancing the food you eat! In other words, you cannot eat some green salad and sip a glass of

grapefruit juice and, then, ask for three hamburgers and a pack of chips. You should think about the

food you eat as if you had to put it on a scale. Instead of dragging your feet when you step on a scale,

consider a fast handwriting in calorie scale. How many calories am I supposed to have on a daily

basis? And how many calories do I actually eat?

Taking down the amount of calories you have is not the only step for a healthier life. Exercising,

whether we like it or not, is vital to our organs and body systems. Have you got any problems with

diabetes? Then, walking is important to help your pancreas reactivate itself so as to burn the sugar

and the carbohydrates. Whatever physical activity you take up, you can be certain that the first one to

be benefited from it is your own body.

Breathing fresh air is as crucial to your body as regular exercise. Wherever you live, wherever you

work or study in, there should always be some free time to rest under a tree or a garden for a few

minutes. However, a good air quality should also be followed by a deep breath. This way, inhaling

and exhaling can actually feed your cells and lungs with oxygen while revigorating your mind and

body.

As well as oxygen, our bodies need the most wonderful cleansing system – water! Yes, you should

drink about two litres of water per day. This is crucial to the function of your kidneys as they do keep

kidney stones away. Water hydrates your cells and it is a refreshing drink. No wonder why human

body is 60 or 70 percent water.

A change in your lifestyle is inevitably important to the quality of your life. No matter how

hardworking you are at home and in your workplace, there is a time when you should definitely avoid

stress! This includes getting involved in stressful situations, such as family conflicts, heavy workload

and unnecessary emotional distress. You are not a hero and if you carry such problems over your

shoulders, you will not do anyone any good.

At the end of the day, there should be a relaxing night. You have probably heard that you should sleep

between 7 and 8 hours per night. This is vital to the replenishment of energy stores, repair of damaged

tissues, recovery of cells and maintenance of our bodies and minds. For this reason, the next time you

go for a session of sleep deprivation, you should remember the effects you are missing out from a

good night’s sleep.

Last but not least, you should take some time to relax and smile! Smiling attracts other smiles and can

make your life much happier. You will also feel less tense, worried and anxious and your life can be

changed into a state of relaxation and happiness.

Now read the information below and answer questions 22-29.

Degree in Human Geography

ASSESSMENT GUIDELINES

Fieldtrip - The first assessment consists of a trip to a London area known as ‘The City of London’ or

Square Mile, as its area covers about a mile (2.6km²). It is a modern conurbation and holds the UK

financial centres and industry. You will spend a day walking though the monuments and buildings that

are of historical and cultural importance and are expected to take leaflets and talk to engineers and

architects about the development of this urban area.

Portfolio – Once the first assessment is completed, you will build up a portfolio on the geographical

and urban planning of the ‘City of London’. You are expected to consider both the emergent growth

companies that have settled there and the environmental impact on the site.

Further Information:

The fieldtrip will take place during the week 9. This is a date set between Monday, 4th April and

Friday, 8th April. Two tutors will accompany the group and guide them through the major buildings.

Introductory information will also be given to the students.

Professionals such as planning managers, engineers and architects will be available in specific

buildings. Students should take the initiative to talk to them, i.e. write down relevant questions and

interview them.

The portfolio should be handed in by the end of the week 14. Therefore, the deadline for this

assignment is 13th May. Only under special circumstances will this assignment be considered after

this date.

Building up a portfolio means that each student will organise a set of appropriate informative leaflets

and information sheets, responses during the interviews and their own reflections on it. The

development of reflective skills is an important issue and they are to be assessed and evaluated in this

assignment.

Questions 22-29

Look at the assessment guidelines for students on how to approach their assignments.


22. Undergraduate students have two types of assignments in order to complete their

……………………… course.

23. The first one ……………………….. to the ‘City of London’.

24. It will be held on ………………….. during week 9.

25. Students will be guided by …………………….

26. The second assessment is a ……………………..

27. It consists of gathering ………………………….

28. Students are expected to …………………………., i.e. end of week 14.

29. …………………….. will be evaluated and will count towards the final mark.

PART 3

Beyond the limits of land exploited

Despite deforestation within the last few centuries, rainforests still remain a biodiversity treasure

hidden from human touch

Throughout the centuries, rainforests have played a significant role in enriching society. Firstly, there

were the indigenous tribes, who worshiped the rainforests with their own culture and their love and

respect for nature. Then, there were the members of a new civilisation, and wherever they stepped on,

forests faced devastation. Whether they looked for gold and precious stones or a new land to settle

down, the result was deforestation.

Life changed, and so did the meaning of richness. Nowadays, there are those who seek to do business

with the wood being cut illegally. And there are the members of the science community – they are

biologists, chemists, naturalists and health professionals who have been struggling to learn about the

secrets of biodiversity.

The name rainforests designates the forests which are under heavy rainfall throughout the year. They

are located in the intertropical convergence zone, i.e. the area surrounding the equator. They fall into

two categories – the tropical rainforest and the temperate one. The first one is found in the tropical

areas, including Central America, South America, Sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia. The

second one is located in the temperate regions of North America, South America, Europe, East Asia,

Australia and New Zealand.

Studies have shown that a rainforest is comprised of four layers. The emergent layer carries a small

amount of large trees, which are home to eagles, bats and butterflies. The canopy layer contains the

densest areas of biodiversity since adjacent treetops are thought to protect 50 percent of the flora that

live on Earth. Underneath the canopy we can find the understory layer and its variety of birds, snakes,

lizards and predators, such as jaguars and leopards. The last one is the forest floor, a mysterious area

with only 2 percent of sunlight and living beings that can survive under this condition.

Thus, an inconceivable diversity of ecosystems is believed to live underneath the magnificent treetops

in both temperate and tropical rainforests. Furthermore, the importance of flow of information has

meant that wealth lies in the provision of new information to this postmodern society. Therefore,

recent government intervention to save the Brazilian rainforest from deforestation, for example, has

clearly contributed to scientific research since the object of study is to be kept away from destruction.

In fact, 50 percent of the fauna found in the world is thought to inhabit in the rainforest. There is a

wide range of species, including mammals, reptiles, birds and invertebrates, and an incredible flora

that live in natural ecosystems. Biodiversity is a singular feature of the rainforests. As they protect

amazing species, they are also home to the natural resources for new medicine and a healthier life.

Yet, the more we learn about them, the more there is to discover.

Questions 30-31 - Choose the appropriate letter A-D

30. What do you learn about the rainforests in the first paragraph?

A the reasons why different civilisations came to the rainforests

B the amount of wealth that is found in the rainforests

C the degree of deforestation so far

D the lack of respect humans have for the rainforests.

31. In the second paragraph, what piece of information is accurate about the human beings who have

been to the rainforests?

A The scientists who explore the rainforest are very rich.

B Biologists and chemists aim to gain knowledge on biodiversity.

C Criminals gave up cutting wood illegally.

D Naturalists and health professionals intend to live there.

Questions 32-34


describing the rainforests?

A the etymological origin of the word ‘rainforest’.

B all the countries where portions of rainforest are found.

C the rainforests subdivisions.

D the reason behind the name ‘rainforest’.

E the difference between tropical and temperate rainforests.

F the area where rainforests are located.

G the biodiversity available in the rainforests.

Questions 35-37


35. Which layer holds a high degree of biodiversity?

36. What is the name of the third layer mentioned in the passage?

37. What does the term ‘under this condition’ refer to?

Questions 38-40

Do the following statements agree with the information given in the reading passage?




1. Postmodern society seeks information as a source of wealth.

2. Government intervention in activities of deforestation is the result of a partnership with the

scientific community.

3. Biodiversity is the only characteristic of the remaining rainforests.

Answer Key

PART 1

Uni Accommodation

1. T

2. F

3. F

4. N

5. T

6. N

7. T

8. N

Natural Landscapes for You!

9. C

10. D or H

11. B

12. G

13. A

14. G

PART 2

Food for Thought

15. x

16. vii

17. ix

18. i

19. iv

20. v

21. ii

Assessment Guidelines

22. degree / Human Geography

23. is a fieldtrip

24. a date set / a weekday

25. two tutors

26. portfolio

27. informative leaflets / information sheet

28. meet the deadline

29. reflective skills

PART 3

Beyond the limits of land exploited

30. A

31. B

32. C/D/F (any order)



35. the canopy layer

36. the understory layer

37. 2 percent sunlight / low sunlight / poor light

38. T

39. N

40. F

Reading

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