Reactor & Accelerator Thanks to Bob McKeown for many of the slides.
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Transcript of Reactor & Accelerator Thanks to Bob McKeown for many of the slides.
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Reactor & Accelerator
Thanks to Bob McKeown for many of the slides
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 2
Outline
• Reactor NeutrinosThe neutrinosPast experimentsWhat we know and what we want to learn
• Accelerator NeutrinosThe neutrinosPast experimentsWhat we know and what we want to learn
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 3
Distance (m)
P(ee)
€
Pee ≈1− cos4 θ13 1− sin2θ12 sin2 Δm122L
4Eν
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟
⎡
⎣ ⎢
⎤
⎦ ⎥
Dominant 12 Oscillation
€
Pee ≈1− sin2 2θ13 sin2 Δm312L
4Eν+
Δm212L
4Eν
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟cos4 θ13 sin2 2θ12
Subdominant 13 Oscillation
e Disappearance
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 4
13
90, 95, 99% CL
hep-
ph/0
3091
30
m232 from SK
atmospheric
Chooz
Solar
122
134
122
134
NCCC sinsinsincos/ ≈+≈ΦΦ
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 5
Neutrino Oscillation Studies with Nuclear Reactors
• e from n-rich fission products
• detection via inverse beta decay (e+pe++n)
• Measure flux and energy spectrum
• Improve detectors, reduce background
• Variety of distances L= 10m-250km
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 6
Detection Signal
Coincidence signal: detect• Prompt: e+ annihilation EEprompt+En+0.8 MeV• Delayed: n capture 180 s capture time
p+e
511keV
511keV 2.2 MeV
d
n
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 7
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 8
KamLAND usesthe entire Japanese
nuclear powerindustry as a
long baseline source
Kashiwazaki
Takahama
Ohi
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 9
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 10
Solar : m2 = 5.5x10-5 eV2
sin2 2 = 0.833
G.Fogli et al., PR D66, 010001-406,(2002)
Ratio of Measured and Expected e Flux
from Reactor Neutrino Experiments
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 11
Measurement of Energy Spectrum
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 12
KamLAND best fit : m2 = 7.9 x 10-5 eV2
tan2 = 0.45
KamLAND fixes massSolar fixes angle
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 13
New Reactor Proposals
Braidwood, Il
Daya Bay, China
Chooz, France
• ~1.5 km baseline• Deeper/bigger• Near/Far
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 14
Detector Design Studies
horizontal cylinder
horizontal cylinder
spherical
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 15
Oscillation Formulae for Long-Baseline Neutrinos
For anti-neutrinos, the Jcp terms change sign.
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 16
Long Baseline Physics Goals
• Definitive observation of oscillatory behavior in disappearance mode and precise determination of m2
23 and 23.
• Detection of oscillation e in appearance mode and measurement of 13.
• Observe matter effects, hence sign of m223.
• Measure cp
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 17
CP violation and matter effects
he
p-p
h/0
30
62
21
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 18
T2K
Phase I0.75 MW +SKPhase II4 MW + HyperK
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 19
HyperK
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 20
NOAUse the NUMI beam line from FermiLab.Far detector uses alternate vertical planes of active scintillator with passive wood absorber.
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 21
Off-Axis Beam• For pions decaying in
flight, most neutrinos are forward directed
• Neutrino energy is proportional to E
• Neutrino energy flattens with angle, however. Allowing one to “choose” an energy by choosing the angle.
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 22
Far Detector810 km from target10-14 km off axis
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 23
LONG baseline 2500-3000 km
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 24
The LSND Puzzle and MiniBOONE
30 meters
e detector
Neutrinose, , and
Protonbeam
Pions
Copper beam stop
Muons and electrons
Watertarget
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 25
The Evidence for Neutrino Oscillations
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 26
Requires a 3rd m2
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 27
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 28
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 29
Measurement of Oscillation Parameters
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 30
Typical Muon-Neutrino Event
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 31
Typical Michel Electron Event
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June 2005 Steve Elliott, NPSS 2005 32
Resources
• Bob Mckeown APS April 2005 (Tampa)
• APS neutrino study on reactors and long baseline experiments.
• BNL, T2K and NOA Letters of Intent
• Bill Louis Talks