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T E C H N O L O G Y N O T E

Typical UseTis echnical Note is specifically written for NaSHtype systems (i.e. reducing conditions and high pH). Itdoes not cover oxidizing conditions and lower pH such asthose in ferrocyanide systems.

In the copper-molybdenum separation circuit, the

molybdenite is floated, while the copper sulfides andpyrite are depressed. Sodium hydrosulfide has been thepreferred reagent. Te use of nitrogen gas instead of air hasbeen introduced in some plants. Te nitrogen reduces theoxidation and consumption of the sodium hydrosulfide,making the separation process more efficient.

Cytec has introduced AERO® 7260 HFP Promoter as apolymeric depressant to partially replace the hazardoussodium hydrosulfide. Tis depressant requires muchlower dosages and is not affected adversely by aeration, asis the case with sodium hydrosulfide. It is effective in a

 wide pH range (6-12). It does not need long conditioningtime and there is no need for nitrogen or pre-treatment.Its depressant effect persists through the cleaners, unlikethe case with NaSH. It is chemically inert and safe withno toxic gas generation. AERO 7260 HFP Promoter isa low viscosity solution with little or no odor and canbe diluted further to any strength required for ease ofhandling and feeding. Tis echnology Note will provideinformation on use of this depressant and information toconsider prior to a plant trial.

BackgroundDosage of NaSH required for Cu-Mo separation isquite variable

• Highly ore dependent

• Depends on the type of collector(s) used

• Depends on the type of Cu minerals in the ore (ingeneral, secondary Cu minerals are harder to depressand require higher dosages)

• In lab tests, it is best to develop a dosage response withNaSH, so that we can make an educated decision onthe value proposition, and select the right dosage

• Best not to depend solely on the standard NaSHdosage prescribed by the plant. It is just a guidelineand a starting point. Relying solely on theprescribed standard dosage could be misleading inour effort to establish the optimum conditions for AERO 7260 HFP and the value proposition

• In plant trials also, it is best to establish the minimumNaSH dosage required

Pulp potential is a useful guideline. But we cannottotally rely on this. It is preferable to rely on visualobservations and assays

• In Cu-Mo separation, visual observations are quitevalid and useful both in the lab and in the plant

• Often, we can judge the performance based on massrecoveries. Don’t need to wait for assays

AERO® 7260 HFP Application Information

  M i n e r a l P r o c e s s i n g

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In lab tests, we do not have to wait for the assays. Wecan screen depressants using visual observations andmass recoveries

• Te lower the mass recovery, the lower the Curecovery; i.e. better depression of Cu minerals

• Of course this does not tell us much about Morecovery. However, visual observations will certainlyhelp here

Te efficiency of removal of collector from Cu mineral

surfaces by NaSH or other depressants (like Nokes) isinfluenced by the type of collector used

• Removal of collector coating requires chemical energy.NaSH supplies the chemical energy 

•  Amount of NaSH = amount of chemical energy input

• Te strength of collector adsorption on Cu mineralsvaries from collector to collector (i.e. it is influenced bythe type (structure) of collector)

• Some collectors adsorb very strongly, some weakly 

•  Aerophine adsorption is very strong. IPECadsorption is not that strong. Removal (or desorption)

of xanthate from Cu sulfide surfaces is relatively easy 

• Some collectors are removed (desorbed) easily andsome require more NaSH

• Te situation gets more complicated when collectorformulations are used or when there are several Cuminerals in the ore

• Consequently, NaSH dosage must be ascertained on acase-by-case basis. Don’t rely on the so-called standardconditions

Measuring Potentials during a Trial

• Have a combination ORP (Gold) electrode and ameter with you. Make your own measurements. Don’trely on the plant probes. (Purchase price: ~$300; theinvestment is well worth it. Te electrode will last along time; Buy the Au disk-type; Cole-Parmer used tosell them)

• Clean the electrode frequently. Just polish the Audisk on 0.05 micron Alumina polishing strip (orpowder on a filter paper or soft cloth) and rinse well

 with water (Alumina polishing strips are readilyavailable)

• Measure potentials at the head of the circuit andthen down the bank (no need to measure in everycell)

• If cells are covered then we have to find a way totake a sample from the cell

Process Controls during a Trial•  You have two Controls: NaSH dosage and 7260

dosage

• Both will impact Mo Recovery and Cu depression(Mo grade)

• Te impact of NaSH dosage: Good Mo on frothsurface in the first few cells and increasing Cu inthe froth as you go down the bank 

• Te impact of 7260 dosage is progressively less Cudown the bank 

•  A very high NaSH dosage means that you will notbe exploiting the benefit of 7260

• Insufficient NaSH dosage means that we will begin to

see Cu early on in the bank and we might depress Mo•  A very high 7260 dosage means that Cu

depression will be excellent, but we may depresssome Mo

• Insufficient 7260 mean there is too much Cu inthe froth down the bank 

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Covered Cells and use of Nitrogen

• Under these conditions, we are delaying the onsetof 7260 effect

•  A bit trickier to optimize NaSH and 7260 dosages

• Need lab tests on plant pulp to figure outapproximate conditions

• If possible, eliminate the use of N2. Use airinstead. Tis may be a value proposition. But thisis not always possible

•

 When using covered cells, it is very difficult to run aplant trial because we cannot see what is going on

• In this case, it is best to run lab tests on plant pulpusing N2 as a proxy for covered cells

• If N2 is the flotation gas, and if the cells are notcovered, we are OK because we can see the froth. Again, lab tests are recommended before you selectthe conditions

• Tese lab tests are very easy to do. No need to waitfor the assays

SummaryPre-trial activities are critical in order to have a successful trial. We must ensure we understand the current processflowsheet and actual current conditions. Upfront lab work is necessary to get an understanding of how to run theplant trial and the potential benefits from this product. With this information, written success criteria should beagreed to between Cytec and the plant personnel.

• Email: custinfo@cytec.com Worldwide Contact Info: www.cytec.com US Toll Free: 800-652-6013 Tel: (+1) 973-357-3193 •

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Blend

pH of Blend

Ratio of blend

Blend Performance rank

7260:Sodium Thioglycolate

6-8.5

1:3

1

7260:Orfom D8

9-11

1:3

2

AERO 7260 HFP Blendso further improve performance, you may consider blending AERO 7260 HFP with other products. Some generalguidelines are in the below table.

Furthermore, AERO 7260 HFP can also be used in combination with Nokes (not as a blend, but co-dosed). Acharge scheme of 1 part AERO 7260 HFP to 3 parts Nokes can be targeted.