What is Vedic Astrology? - Vedic Astrologer Shyamasundara Dasa
Re Work on Vedic Management
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“Nothing in this world without Vedas and Vedic Management”— Dr. Saikrishna, Gajavelly
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Modern Management and Ancient Vedic Management Discover the Eternal Vision in the Management
Transcript of Re Work on Vedic Management
“Nothing in this world without Vedas and Vedic Management”— Dr. Saikrishna, Gajavelly
4
‘Here is the first and
final disclosure of
knowledge that
presents every human
being as the
embodiment of the
total creative process in
Nature and renders
human life as a field of
all possibilities.
“This offers mastery
over Natural Law to
everyone and
perfection to every
nation Heaven on
Earth.”
-- MAHARISHI
HIS HOLINESS MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI
(DAWN OF TOTAL KNOWLEDGE)
DEDICATED TO
HIS HOLINESS MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI,HIS HOLINESS MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI,HIS HOLINESS MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI,HIS HOLINESS MAHARISHI MAHESH YOGI,
THE GUIDING LIGHT OF THE DISCOVERY OF VEDA
AND THE VEDIC LITERATURE IN VEDIC MANAGEMENT
BY
Dr. SAIKRISHNA GAJAVELLY, MBA, PhD.
(Director of Vedhbharath Creations)
Modern Management and Ancient Vedic Management
Discover the Eternal Vision in the Management
*JAI GURU DEV*
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF
Dr. K.V. CHARI
(M.A Journalism, M.A Political Science, Vaidya Ratna,
M.A History, MBA, PhD)
MAHARISHI VEDIC UNIVERSITY CO-ORDINATOR)
*JAI GURU DEV*
VEDIC MANAGEMENT Displayed In the Blossoming
Of a Beautiful Lotus on the
Ground of a Muddy Pond
4
CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE NO. CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION MANAGEMENT…...……………………………………………………...……1-2
VEDA AND VEDIC LITERATURES…..…..……………….……..……………3-7
CHAPTER 2
VEDIC MANAGEMENT….…………………….……………………….……..8-11
CHAPTER 3
VEDIC AND MANAGEMENT CORRELATIONS ……..…..………………..12-32
CHAPTER 4
VEDIC MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES…………..………………............……33-48
CHAPTER 5
MODERN MANAGEMENT AND ANCIENT INDIAN MANAGEMENT DISCOVER
THE IMMORTALITY IN MANAGEMENT …….………………………... …..49-51
CHAPTER 6
MANAGEMENT FROM HARIDWAR TO HARVARD………………..................52
APPRECIATION LETTERS ON MY RESEARCH
Dear Dr. Sai Krishna Gajavelly,
It is very kind of you to share your PhD dissertation with us on this day of remembering
Maharishi. Maharishi would say to you "well done" and would certain feel your
knowledge and wisdom of Vedic Management is worthy of the title PhD.
Congratulations to you for your insights correlating the various parts of management with
the Veda and Vedic Literature.
This knowledge should be taught to the students in the management schools.
Our university is hoping to gain government approvals in India to resume MBA classes in
collaboration with Maharishi Institute of Management, initially in Bhopal and Maharishi
Nagar, but later at other MIM locations such as Hyderabad. Could you be interested in
lecturing in such programs? What the students need is an acharya to guide them as they
grow to be rishis.
I am happy to make your acquaintance and I shall now be sharing some other good news
with you, in other emails.
DENNIS HEATON
(Dean of International Programs)
Phone (641) 470-1399
Maharishi University of Management www.mum.edu
4
Management has become a part and parcel in everyday life, let it be it home, office,
factory, Government, or in any other organization where a group of human beings
assemble for a common purpose, management principles come into play through their
various facets like management of time, resources, personnel, materials, machinery,
finance, planning, priorities, policies and practice.
The term “MANAGEMENT” derived from MAN·AGE·MENT which has been used in
different senses.
1 Administration Of Business
The organizing and controlling of the affairs of a business or a sector of a business
2 Managers As Group
Managers and employers considered collectively, especially the directors and executives
of a business or organization.
3 Handling of something successfully
The act of handling or controlling something successfully
4 Skill In Handling Or Using Something
The skillful handling or use of something such as resources
Management is required to plan, organize, coordinate and control the affairs of the
organization. It brings the human and material resources together and motivates the
people for the achievement of the objectives of the organization.
Sometimes it is used to mean the group of managerial personnel in an
organization. At other times, management refers to the process of planning, organizing,
staffing, directing, coordinating and controlling. It is also referred to as a body of
knowledge, practice and discipline.
HISTORY:
Organizations and management systems have been there since the beginning of
human society. Even when man was a food gatherer and cave dweller, he realized his
frailty, the dangers to which he was beset. He looked around him and drew lessons from
their behavior patterns. And cogent thinking and analysis led him to form groups, for he
had realized that he could not do everything by himself. And groups needed to be
managed while management needed organizations.
Moreover, management as we know that now a days its largely on American
construct based on European roots. Historically modern management has developed as a
discipline over the past couple of centuries. The first organizations of consequence in
Europe and America, where the discipline of modern management developed, were
governmental, religious and military institutions. From these came the initial concepts of
leadership, the chain of command, coordination, control and functional specialization.
The Roman Empire and the Catholic Church were particularly influential.
Emerging Management Positions
New management viewpoints are emerging. Quality management emphasizes in
achieving customer satisfaction by providing high quality goods and services.
Reengineering the organization redesigns the processes that are crucial to customer
satisfaction.
Globalization in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries used the term management in
three different senses:
• as a noun;
• as a process; and
• as a discipline.
When used as a noun, management refers to all those persons who are concerned with
getting things done through others.
When used as a process, management refers to all that a manager does. The various
functions, which are performed by managers to make the efficient use of the available
material and human resources so as to achieve the desired objectives, are summed up as
management.
Sometimes the term “Management” is used neither as the activity nor as the personnel
who perform it, but as a body of knowledge, practices of management as a subject of
study.
4
Vedic means pertaining to Veda. The Vedas are the collection of mantras. The
word Veda is derived from the Sanskrit root “VID” which means “knowledge”, hence the
Vedas are the books of Pure Knowledge.
The Vedic literature is an age – old literature of India. It has been preserved
generation, from parents to children, in the Vedic families of India. Vedic literatures are
the ancient science (i.e. Physics, chemistry, mathematics, physiology, etc...). Vedic
literatures were discovered by Rishi (Ancient Scientist, they had discovered the laws of
universal). The Vedic scriptures are the spiritual literature of the ancient Indian culture,
written in the Sanskrit language. They are comprised of a huge collection of books which
include material (mundane), religious (ritualistic) as well as spiritual (monotheistic)
knowledge. The Vedas are the greatest scriptures humanity can think of. They don't
belong to any religion in particular but are eternal, everlasting truths. It's very important
to know that "by the Vedas no books are meant. They mean the accumulated treasury of
spiritual laws discovered by different persons in different times."
The Vedas were revealed with the creation of universe and human beings.
According to the Vedic astrological calculations it comes out to be (1, 97, 29, 49,088)
one thousand nine hundred seventy two millions nine hundred forty nine thousand eighty-
eight years. And according to cosmologists also, the age of creation of universe come out
to be about two thousand million years by different modern dating techniques. Despite of
a Christian missionary’s approach. Max Muller confessed that Rk-Veda is the oldest
book. He writes in the introduction of Rk-Veda thus. “After the latest researches into the
history and chronology of the book of old testament. We may now safely call the Rk
Veda the oldest book, not only of Aryan community, but of the whole world”.
The Rishi was the first savant and expert who by virtue of his deep meditation and
enhance had revealed the true spirit of the mantra or group of mantras in their literal,
metaphysical and spiritual sense, and had further explained the same in details to other
human beings. This experience was not, Rishis’s asserts, on the level of thinking, or
theoretical conjecture, or imagination, but on the level of direct experience, which is
more vivid, that NEWTON or EINSTEIN, when they discovered the laws of universal
gravitation or special relativity, enjoyed a vivid experience of sudden understanding or
kind of direct “insight” into these laws.
Vedic management means management through Veda- management through
knowledge (Veda) and its infinite organizing power- management that is supported by the
holistic value of Natural law and the innumerable specific value of Natural law- all the
laws of nature discovered by the objective approach of modern science and through
subjective approach of Vedic science- it is in full accord with all the knowledge of the
Laws of Nature that are known to Chemistry, Physiology, psychology, Physics etc.
Management is a systematic way of doing all activities in any field of human
effort. It is about keeping oneself engaged in interactive relationship with other human
beings in the course of performing one's duty. Its task is to make people capable of joint
performance, to make their weaknesses irrelevant.
The modern management concepts like vision, leadership, motivation, excellence
in work, achieving goals, meaning of work, attitude towards work, nature of individual,
decision making, planning etc., are all discussed in the VEDAS with a sharp insight and
finest analysis to drive through our confused grey matter making it highly eligible to
become a part of the modern management syllabus.
From the pre-historic days of aborigines to the present day of robots and
computers the ideas of managing available resources have been in existence in some form
or other. When the world has become a big global village now, management practices
have become more complex and what was once considered a golden rule is now thought
to be an anachronism.
No system of management in the world today is as perfect as the Vedic system of
management because all systems of management derive their policies and procedures
from the theories of economy, production, and sales, but they are not fully in accord with
all the Laws of Nature that manage the order and evolution in the galactic universe. This
is the reason why all the existing systems of management are prone to problems of
instability and are unsatisfactory. The concept of management which is now studied in a
very scientific manner had its origin right from the beginning of civilization. Efficient
management techniques were discussed in Vedas and Upanishads.
4
In this context, it is enjoyable to mention that Vedic management spontaneously draws
upon the infinite creativity of the infinite organizing power of the holistic value of
Natural law lively in Rk Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama Veda, Atharva Veda, and, at the same
time, spontaneously draws upon the enormous creativity of the specific laws of Nature
that constitute the thirty – six values of the Vedic Literature – 4 +36 = 40.
CHARACTERISTICS OF VEDAS AND VEDIC LITERATURES
A) Vedas: Vedas are four:
RK Veda: It contains various hymns about the deities for obtaining their grace it
contains the knowledge about creation and celestial bodies. “Rukh” means Vedic mantra.
Sama Veda: Sama Veda is a collection of hymns or mantras with melody of music,
rhythm, and precise swaras (musical pitch) in praise of deities. The seven notes of music
(sa-ri-ga-ma-pa-da-ni) originated from samaveda. The Upaveda for Samaveda is
Gandharva Veda
Yajur Veda: For the mantras of Rk—Veda, it describes the methodology of performing
yagnas and Karmic rites, the Upa—Veda is Dhanur Veda. 1) Shukla Yajur Veda: Mostly
followed in North India. 2) Krishna Yajur Veda: Mostly followed in South India.
Atharva Veda: Atharvaveda has the hymns, which protect us from evil forces, and also
contains the knowledge about our health and various Technologies useful for day to
today living.
B) SIX VEDANGAS – Siksha, Vyakarana, Chandas, Nirukha, Jyotisya & Kalpa
Sastras
C) FOUR UPAANGAS – Mimamsa, Nyaya, Purana & Dharma Sastra
D) 28 SASTRAS – Akshara – Laksha, Sabda Sastra, Lakshana Sastra, Kanya-
Lakshana Sastra, Sakuna Sastra, Shilpa Sastra, Supa-Sastra, Malinee-Sastra, Kala
Sastra, Samudrika Sastra, Dhatu Sastra, Visha Sastra, Chitra Karma Sastra, Malla
Sastra, Parakaya Pravesha, Aswa Sastra, Gaja Sastra, Ratna Pariksha,
Mahendrajala Sastra, Shakti Trantra, Soundamini Kala, Megha Sastra, Yantra
Sastra, Shapatya Vidya and another four upavedas are Ayurveda, Dhanur Veda,
Gandharva Veda, ArthaSastra.
4
E) SIX Pratishakhya -- Rk Veda Pratishakhya, Shukla—Yajur Veda Pratishakhya,
Krishna—Yajur Veda Pratishakhya (Taittiriya), Atharva Veda Pratishakhya
(Chaturadhyayi), Atharva Veda Pratishakhya, & Sama Veda Pratishakhya
(Pushpa—Sutram)
The concept of management which is now studied in a very scientific manner had its
origin right from the beginning of civilization. Efficient management techniques were
discussed in Vedas and Upanishads.
The benefit of Vedic management is that while attending to any one part, its influences is
enriching to every other part of science, commerce and arts. Vedic management is
scientific management because whatever is Vedic is scientific; Vedic monument is
problem – free, orderly management – equally nourishing to all – always evolutionary to
everyone.
This Vedic consciousness-based management training was distorted by the foreign
influence in India for thousands of years, and even now the management of foreign
influence is domination management system in India, rendering them totally incomplete
and ineffective With Maharishi Universities of Management in America, Europe, and
Russia and Maharishi Institute of Management in India, the field of management is
now rising to enjoy the light of Vedic management – the light of perfection.
1. Samhita: Mantra part of worshipping the deities.
2. Brahmanam: Explains the mantras and karmic rites
3. Aranyakam: Talks about the philosophical meaning of
mantras
4. Upanishads: Para vidya – explains the intricacies in
obtaining Liberation (moksha) and Knowledge of Cosmic
secrets.
EACH OF
THE
FOUR
VEDAS IS
DIVIDED
INTO FOUR
PARTS
Veda is knowledge. Knowledge blossoms when the knower, through the process of
knowing, comes in contact with the object of knowing. That means;
Knowledge is Yogic (unified) value of knower, knowing, and know.
Veda is Samhita of Rishi, Devata, and Chhandas.
( SAMHITA ) (Brahmanam)(Aranyakam)(Upanishads)
Management is managing unity functions of inputs Process and Output
MANAGEMENT IS PLANNING, ORGANIZING, LEADING AND
CONTROLLING THE TRANSFORMATION OF INPUT RESOURCES
INTO SUCCESSFUL PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.
CHHANDAS
(OUT PUT)
Unified Field Of all the laws of Nature
SAMHITHA
Vedic Management
WHOLENESS OF WEALTH MAXIMISATION
4
Managers create and maintain an internal environment, commonly called the
organization, so that other can work efficiently in it. A manager’s job consists of
planning, organizing, directing and controlling the resources of the organization. These
resources include people, jobs or positions, technology, facilities and equipment,
materials and supplied information and money. Managers work in a dynamic
environment and must anticipate and adapt to challenges.
The job of every manager involves what is known as the functions of
management: planning, organizing, directing and controlling.
CORRESP
ONDING
PART
CORRESP
ONDING
PART
CORRESP
ONDING
PART
Veda & Vedic Literatures
Vedas have predominantly four main themes of
Knowledge, activity, worship and human conduct
including scientific and management technology or
vigyanam.
Four divisions of Social order, Beginning with the
intelligent class of men, they are the top in the
society they can design the rules and regulations to
society, technically called Brahmanas due to their
being situated in the mode of goodness
Administrative class technically called the
Ksatriyas they can create the structure of duties and
functions for the attainment of the objectives of the
society.
The mercantile men, called as Vaysyas are situated
in the mixed modes of passions and ignorance.
Sudras or laborer class, are situated in the ignorant
mode of material nature.
Management Management implies substitution of exact scientific
investigation and knowledge for the old individual
judgment or opinion, in all matters in the
establishment:
Planning is the most basic and pervasive process
involved in managing. It means deciding in
advance what actions to take and when and how to
take them. Planning must start from the top. The
top management defines objectives for the entire
company and they percolate down throughout the
organization.
Organizing refers to the formal grouping of people
and activities to facilitate achievement of the firm’s
objectives. Issues for discussion here are the types of
organization structure, degree of centralization, level
of management, span of control, delegation of
authority, unity of command, line and staff
relationship and staffing. Administration department
can deal these activities.
Leading carrying out the desired plans. It initiates
the organizing and planned action and ensures
effective performance by subordinates towards the
accomplishment of group activities. Leading is
called management in action. Group Leaders and
entrepreneur can lead his groups.
Controls provide a means of checking the progress
of employees/labors performance and correcting
plans for workers/organization performance.
“To mange is forecast and plan, to organize, to coordinate and to control”
-Henry Fayol(Father Of Management)
According to the three modes of material nature and the work associated with them, the four divisions
of human society are created by me. And although I am the creator of this system, you should know
that I am yet the nondoer, being unchangeable. (- Bhagavad githa 4.13)
4
Cosmic laws of nature, human laws of nature, animal laws of nature, and all the laws of
nature, including man made laws are rooted in Vedas. To create anything we require
knowledge of making it; to create a pot, we should have the knowledge of making a pot;
to cook food we require the knowledge of cooking; similarly to create this cosmos, the
knowledge that the creator had applied is Veda.
Veda & Vedic Literatures
Vedic philosophy identifies four objectives to be
sought in the human life. These are value system
(Dharma), money (Artha), urges (Kama) and
salvation (Moksha). These should be followed in
such a way that value system (Dharma), should lead
to achievement of money (Artha), money (Artha)
should lead to achievement of urges (Kama) and
finally urges (Kama) leading to attainment of
salvation (Moksha). Swami Vivekananda says, “The
basis of all systems social or political rests upon the
goodness of man.” Thus value system (Dharma) is
the first pillar in attainment of prosperity and
happiness. The values from material to moral are
approved by Vedas. Value system (Dharma) is
superior to urges (Kama) as Lord Krishna says;
“Value system protects you if you follow it”
(Dharmo Rasshati Raksshata).
Management
HIGH QUALITY (Dharma)
HIGH PROFIT (Artha)
LOW COAST (Kama)
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION (Moksha)
Stakeholder’s goals
National goals
Individual goals
Group goals
UNIVERSAL
GOALS
Transcendental
knowledge (Gyan)
Action (Karma)
Loka sangraha(general
Welfare)
Science (Vigyan)
Sarva Loka
Hitam
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
BRAHM --- TOTALITY
VEDA
VEDANGA
UPANGA
AYUR- VEDA
BRAHMANA
PRATISHAKHYA
Atma
MAHARISHI’S VEDIC SCIENCE AS TRADITIONALLY RECORDED IN VEDA AND THE 36 BRANCHES OF THE VEDIC LITERATURE
Figure17. Shows Veda and the 36
Branches of the Vedic Literature.
4
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Corresponding
part in
Management
Managing Intelligence/skills
Corresponding
part in
Management
MANAGEMENT
FINANCIAL
MANAGEMENT
MANAGEMENT
DEVELOPMENT
PRODUCTION
&
QUALITY
MANAGEMENT
HUMAN
RESOURCE
MANAGEMENT
MARKETING
MANAGEMENT
OVERALL VISION OF THE MANAGEMENT ORGANIZED ACCORDING TO VEDA AND THE VEDIC LITERATURE
Figure18. Shows the various parts of
Management that correlate with Veda and
the Vedic Literatures
The benefit of Vedic management is that while attending to any one part, its influences is
enriching to every other part of science, commerce and arts. Vedic management is
scientific management because whatever is Vedic is scientific; Vedic monument is
problem – free, orderly management – equally nourishing to all – always evolutionary to
everyone
In this context, it is enjoyable to mention that Vedic management spontaneously draws
upon the infinite creativity of the infinite organizing power of the holistic value of
Natural law lively in Rk Veda, Yajur-Veda, Sama Veda, Atharva Veda, and, at the same
time, spontaneously draws upon the enormous creativity of the specific laws of Nature
that constitute the thirty – six values of the Vedic Literature – 4 +36 = 40.
Atma (managing Intelligence/skills, the source of Veda, fully awake in its potentiality is
Totality – Brahm. Atma is lively in its full potential when its self interacting dynamics,
the 36 vales of the Vedic Literatures, together give rise to the structure of Veda (Pure
knowledge) – the Laws of Nature, the Constitution of the Universe – which in turn evolve
into the Management and the material creation (Vishwa) while ever remaining within the
field of Atma. This Atma – Atma with the total memory of Veda and Vishwa within it –
is Brahm, the totality – Ayam Atma Brahm.
.
MAHARISHI’S VEDIC
SCIENCE AS TRADITIONALLY
RECORDED IN VEDA AND
THE 36 BRANCHES OF THE VEDIC LITERATURE
Figure 17.Shows Veda and the 36
Branches of the Vedic Literature.
OVER ALL VISION OF THE MANAGEMENT
EXPRESSION WITH VEDA
AND VEDIC LITERATURES
Figure 18.Shows the various parts of
Management that expression with
Veda and the Vedic Literatures
4
As Rk Veda has a structure which is eternal, holistic, all time reality on its own level, the
structuring dynamics of Rk Veda have to be self-referral, Therefore, all the other 36
aspects of the Vedic Literature assumes Nevertheless and one predominant quality as its
specialty. In the remaining part of this Chapter, all the 36 branches (aspects) of the Vedic
Literature will be briefly introduced. Their characteristic feature (specialty) will be
highlighted in bold letters.
The first three are:
1.Sama Veda
2.Yajur Veda
3.Atharva Veda
Rk Veda Holistic quality as comparing with Business and Organizational Management
has a structure, which consists of holistic functions, operations and goals of Management,
all time reality on its own Top Management level. The structuring dynamics of
Management have to be self-referral of the Managers. Therefore, all the other 36 aspects
of the Management Branches are self-referral. The first three branches are:
1. Financial Management
2. Human Resource Management
3. Marketing Management
RK VEDA (HOLISTIC)
Sama Veda, which expresses Samhita quality of consciousness with a predominantly
Rishi value . Sama Veda is all that is pertaining to Rishi. It is flowing wakefulness.
Sama Veda flowing wakefulness quality concludes the Financial Management. Finance
is the life – blood of every organization. It lubricates every organ and every functional
area of the organization and maintains the health of an organization. At a moment the
blood circulation in a human body stops, the human being collapses. Similarly the
business organization also comets to standstill, the moment the finances exhaust in it. It
ultimately leads to the collapse of an organization. Which expresses entire organization
or business position and wealth of consciousness with a predominantly Input Value.
Financial Management/Department is all that is pertaining to Input operations. It is
flowing wakefulness of funds/money in the Business organization.
Yajur – Veda, which expresses Samhita quality of consciousness with a predominantly
Devata value. Yajur – Veda is all that is pertaining to Devata. It is dynamic creativity.
Yajur Veda dynamic creativity quality leads to conclude the Human Resource
Management. Human resources management is primarily concerned with the people’s
dimension in the organization. It is a crucial subsystem in the process of Management.
The success or failure of an organization not only depends on material, machines and
SAMA VEDA (FLOWING WAKEFULNESS)
YAJUR VEDA (DYNAMIC CREATIVITY)
4
equipment but also on the personnel (called human resource) dynamic creativity who
put in their best efforts for an efficient performance in job.
Human resource management is the management of employee’s skills, knowledge,
talent, aptitudes, creative abilities etc.
Atharva Veda, which expresses Samhita quality of consciousness with a predominantly
Chhandas value. Atharva Veda is all that is pertaining to Chhandas. It is reverberating
wholeness.
Atharva Veda reverberating wholeness quality concludes Marketing Management. It is
subsystem in the Management it deals with out put. It is reverberating wholeness of
Management.
These three values, Sama (Fin), Yajur (Hr), and Atharva (Mkt) therefore constitute the
first holistic aspects of consciousness with reference to Rishi(Input), Devata(Process),
and Chhandas (Output) (See Above Table).
ATHARVA VEDA (REVERBERATING WHOLENESS)
FINANCIAL
HR
MANAGEMENT
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Reverberating
Wholeness
MARKETING
Figure: 19
Sthapatya Veda, which has predominantly Chhandas quality and is with reference to
establishing everything in the light of Natural Law.
Production and Operational Management deals with Project Management. The very first
step in project planning is the choice of the site where the production/ organization
facilities are to be established. This problem is faced not only by manufacturing
concerns but also by services organizations like banks, hotels, hospitals distribution
agencies, warehousing firms. Organization location may be understood as the function of
determining where the plant should be established for maximum operating economy
(output) and effectiveness. The selection of a place for locating a plant is one of the
problems and perhaps the most important, which is faced by an entrepreneur while
launching a new enterprise.
Vedic management refers live and work in buildings, built according to Vastu --
Sthapatya Veda -- the Vedic Science and Technology of building according to Natural
Law.
Dhanur – Veda, which has a predominantly Devta quality and is with reference to the
invincible quality of consciousness.
Strategic management is a process. A process denotes that it has various activities and
these must be performed in a systematic manner. From this point of view, a process
appears to be a very simple phenomenon but in actual practice, the process becomes
STHAPATYA VEDA (ESTABLISHING)
DHANUR VEDA (INVINCIBLE)
4
much more complex where it works as an identifiable flow of information through
interrelated stages of analysis directed towards the achievements of objectives. It will
give invincible process for successful management.
Gandharva Veda, which has a predominantly Rishi quality and is with reference to the
integrating quality of consciousness.
Generally, an office is said to be a place where clerical work is done to co-ordinate and
control the affaires of the organization. But this definition is narrow in its meaning, since
place is not an essential ingredient of office work. Further, modern office is not confined
to paperwork. With the advent of intercom, Telephone, Music, Songs, Computer, Tape-
recorder, Video etc. Office Management is integrating with event management (i.e.
Conducting Meetings, Anniversaries, Guest Events, and Weekend events etc.).
Vedanga represents the body of Veda. The first aspect of Vedanga, Shiksha, is that
quality which accounts for the mechanics of expression of Veda.
Financial Management represents the blood of Management. The first aspect of Financial
Management, Invest management is expression of all investment decisions in the
organization. This relates to the investment in capital asserts and current assets.
Evaluation of different capital investment proposals and selection of the overall objective
GANDHARVA VEDA (INTEGRATING)
SHIKSHA (EXPRESSION)
of enterprise must be done. Investment in current assets depends upon the credit and
inventory policy of the business. Credit policy depends upon the targeted growth sales
and availability of finance. Inventory policy depends upon the production, prices of raw
material and availability of funds etc.
From that level of expression, Atma gets transformed from unmanifest into manifest.
This transformation is Kalpa. Kalpa is the fundamental value, which transforms the
being – level into the becoming – level. It describes how singularity brings in diversity
through the self- referral quality of consciousness.
Investment theories are not complete and effective unless they are transforms with
strategic management. Strategic management considers the markets, whether relating to
capital, product or labor, as imperfect and changing. Hence, strategies are developed to
manage the business firms in uncertain and imperfect market conditions and
environment. Proper corporate strategies have to be devised for proper implementation of
corporate policies. Thus the above is the transformation with financial management to
other disciplines.
From Kalpa’s transformation emerges the quality of progression and expansion. This is
Vyakarana.
VYAKARANA (EXPANSION)
KALPA (TRANSFORMATION)
4
Financial Management refers to financial functions of the organization. International
financial management expansion is with the financial function of an overseas business.
Specifically “ the finance function of an international business deals with investment
decisions – decisions about what activities to be financed.
Investment decisions – decisions about how to finance those activities.
Strategic Finance Management decisions — decisions about how to manage the firm’s
financial resource most efficiently.
Towards understanding international financial management normally, a distinction is
drawn between institutional and additional dimension.
Therefore these three values of Shiksha, Kalpa, and Vyakarana (expression,
transformation, and expansion) are upheld by a reverse process, which keeps any step of
expression, transformation, and expansion connected with the source. This maintains
connectedness with Atma – self-referral consciousness. This connection of the three
qualities to their source, Atma, is upheld by Nirukta, Chhanda, and Jyothish.
The institutional dimension is to take care of financial institutions, structure and systems,
specific to countries. The additional dimension is to take care of those problems of
financial control, regulations and management that are peculiar to international
(compared to domestic) operations. Given this perspective, we would like to concentrate
on a few selected issues. These three qualities of Investment Management, Strategic
Financial Management, and International financial management upheld by Statistic
management, corporate taxation, and Portfolio and derivative management.
Whatever is being expressed is being dissolved. Homeostasis is maintained within
dynamic change. This returning, self-referral value expresses itself through Nirukta.
Portfolio and Derivative Management expresses the Combinations of funds and
maintained funds with low risk and profit maximization within share market change. This
returning, self –referral values expresses itself through risk analysis. It will explain the
value of funds in future that there is a specific balance and a measuring risk in time and
space.
Whatever is being expressed is being dissolved. Homeostasis is maintained within
dynamic change. This returning, self-referral value expresses itself through Nirukta.
A Portfolio is a combination of different investment assets mixed and matched for the
purpose of achieving an investor's goal(s). Items that are considered a part of your
portfolio can include any asset you own-from shares, debentures, bonds, mutual fund
units to items such as gold, art and even real estate etc. However, for most investors a
portfolio has come to signify an investment in financial instruments like shares,
debentures, fixed deposits, and mutual fund units. Improve credit / risk and product
delivery of self –referral intelligence
NIRUKTA (SELF- REFERRAL)
4
Whatever is being expressed is being dissolved. Homeostasis is maintained within
dynamic change. This returning, self-referral value expresses itself through Nirukta. In
both these values, forward and backward there is a specific there is a specific balance and
a measuring quality in time and space. This specific measuring is Chhanda.
Corporate tax measuring tax levied by various jurisdictions on the profits made by
companies or associations. The measure of taxable profits varies from country to country
Chhanda’s specific measuring and in this simultaneous co – existence of two value of
awareness, there is all – knowingness. This all – knowingness in opposite directions is
Jyothish.
Statistic management is management analysis for management by facts & figures
Represents Decisions based on use of specific techniques, the all – knowing quality of
self – referral consciousness. It is that value which sees the past, connects with the
present, and foresees the future. Jyothish is the science of prediction, based on
mathematical calculations
CHHANDA (MEASURING)
JYOTHISH (ALL - KNOWINGNESS)
The first value of Upanga, Nyaya, represents that the value which allows to see going and
coming back at the same time, distinguishing and deciding, and coexistence of opposite
values.
Business Law is a branch of General law. It relates to Industry, trade and commerce. It
should be noted that Business Law is not altogether but distinguishing and separate from
other branches of Law. In its application, recourse is often taken to other pieces of
legislation. Laws are such that all are interrelated. It is only a matter of convenience that
legislation is classified into Business Law, Labour Law, Industrial Law, Mercantile Law,
etc. These Laws are essential in deciding of Contracts, sale of goods, partnerships,
negotiable instruments, companies co—operative societies etc, consumers are a special
constituent of any business. The consumer’s movement has gained significant importance
of late consumers Protection. Act not only recognizes the importance of safeguarding the
right and interest of the consumers, but also puts every business on alert and answerable
to the consumer, the ultimate master.
Vaisheshika deals with specific aspects of infinity – points as specific values of infinity
and their specific sequence. What are these points and their sequence?
A manager has to perform various functions. His responsibilities are manifold and he is
the key man in the organization. His performance directly affects the success of an
enterprise. Therefore, the person occupying the position of a manager must posses
specific qualities, important of which are roles and responsibilities of the manager.
VAISHESHKA (SPECIFYING)
NYAYA (DISTINGUISHING AND DECIDING)
4
Vaisheshika deals with specific aspects of infinity – points as specific values of infinity
and their specific sequence. What are these points and their sequence? This is counted in
terms of 25 values described in Samkhya, which represents enumerating quality of
consciousness.
Corporate policies and practices which guides to think in decision – making. Policy lays
down the course of action selected to guide and enumerate present and future decision.
Policy as a general statement of understanding lays down the limits within which
decisions are to be made and thereby assures consistence and unified performance.
Policies can originate at any level in the organization and a manager should lay down
policies within the limits of his authority and also within limits set by earlier policies and
decisions of his seniors. Generally speaking, policies tend to be more broad and basic as
one goes up the echelons of management hierarchy.
Vaisheshika deals with specific aspects of infinity – points as specific values of infinity
and their specific sequence. What are these points and their sequence? This is counted in
terms of 25 values described in Samkhya, which represents enumerating quality of
consciousness. However, this is not in the classical points which are there in the state of
unity; and therefore, as a complete contrast to the consideration form the value of the
points, we have that unity, oneness, singularity. This unifying value is handled by Yoga,
in unity value, the goal of “know thyself” is reached: “I know myself”. And immediately,
through the process of knowing oneself, the concept of knowing (Rishi) Input, process of
YOGA (UNIFYING)
knowing (Devata) Process, and known (Chhandas) Output emerges. As a result, dynamic
activity (Karma) (work) emerges.
Stress management is unifying value for successful management. First, stress is an
independent variable influencing employee satisfaction and performance. Second, it is
incumbent on management to improve quality of life of organizational members. As
stress is linked to coronary heart disease, a reduction in stress is expected to improve
longevity of workforce. Yoga is probably the most effective remedy for stress. Yoga has
been used in our countries for centuries. Its usefulness has not been realized with greeter
enthusiasm in our country and abroad.
Through the process of knowing oneself, the concept of knowing (Rishi) Input, process
of knowing (Devata) Process, and known (Chhandas) Output emerges. As a result,
dynamic activity (Karma) (work) emerges. This is the field of analysis of action – Karma
Mimamsa.
Business Process Reengineering is analysis of business process through the financial
behavior, Organizational Behavior, Marketing behavior and it will develop new methods
to the organization for successful management in changing situations.
Yoga and karma Mimamsa both together find themselves as being the total opposite
qualities of Vedanta. Wholeness left to itself, but fully awake – the transcendent
KARMA MIMAMSA (ANALYSIS)
VEDANTA (THE TRANSCENDENT)
4
In the normal sense the term "Business" includes every type of economic activity carried
on by a business enterprise like manufacturing, marketing, trading, importing, exporting
and providing various types of services and such activities may be conducted by an
individual, a partnership firm or a limited company. However as we are concerned with
the ethical values of a modern corporate entity, in the fitness of things it is felt the usage
of the term "Management Ethics" rather than the term "Business Ethics" will be more
appropriate for our discussion. When it comes to governance of companies we use the
term "Corporate Governance" and not "Business Governance". As the transcendent
values and principles exhaustively discussed in Vedanta are identified as core human
virtues, it is expected that every member of the board and senior management team to
carry on the business activities on ethical lines and by fair means for common good of
society rather than promotion of their self interest and personal enrichment, there will be
conflicts, frictions, disagreements and disputes between them relating good corporate
governance, which may come out in the open sullying the good image and reputation of
an organization nurtured and built over a period of time. In the broader sense business
ethics involves a number of complex areas of a business management and administration
such as economic systems, organizational constitution, organizational policy, business
strategy based on intuition and level of existing and anticipated competition in the market
place, functional operations and individual conduct of the core team, which can throw
light to the level of ethical values and practices existing in a corporate enterprise and how
they can be improved by pedagogy. In substance business ethics aims at to manage all
relationships both internal and external with total commitment and integrity and with a
view to ensure the long-term survival of a corporate organization. An organization can
grow, expand and successful only if there is adequate disclosure of information at all
levels, cross fertilization of ideas more so with the active involvement of a
knowledgeable and talented work force, transparency in business dealings resulting in
shared vision and values.
.
Ayur – Veda emerges as a balancing quality of consciousness, which is a self –
sufficient loop formed by the six Samhitas of Ayur –Veda: Charka, Sushruta, Vagbhatt,
Bhava Prakash, Sharangadhara, and Madhava Nidana. Ayur – Veda eliminates the
mistake of the intellect, which sees the parts of life as separate from the holistic value of
life. It is the perfect science of health and total integration.
Production and Quality Management emerges, as a balancing quality in creation of
goods and services to satisfy human wants. It involves the transformation inputs
(resources) into outputs (products). Production is the process of transformation of inputs
into a specified set of outputs. Operations Management involves in Production
Management and is the systematic direction and control of the process that transform
inputs into finished goods and services. The operations function comprises a significant
percentage of employees and physical assets in most organizations.
Quality Management:
•What is quality?
Dictionary has many definitions: "Essential characteristic," "Superior," etc.
AYUR -- VEDA (PRODUCTION AND QUALITY MANAGEMENT)
4
Some definitions that have gained wide acceptance in various organizations: "Quality is
customer satisfaction," "Quality is Fitness for Use."
•The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and the American Society for
Quality (ASQ) define quality as:
"The totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its
ability to satisfy given needs."
Production and Quality Management incorporates many tasks that are interdependent, but
which can be grouped under six main factors:
NAME OF AYUR-VEDA QUALITY In Production And Quality Management
CHARAKA Holding Together Nourishing
& Supporting.
Total Quality Management
(TQM)
SHUSHRUTA Balancing Business Environment
VAGBHATT Communicating & Eloquence Managerial Communication
BHAVA PRAKASHA Enlightening Accounting Management
SHARANGADHARA Synthesizing Production and Operational Management
MADHAVA NIDANA Diagnosing Operations Research
Brahmana is a fifth loop of the Vedic Literature, consisting of Smriti. Purana, Itihasa,
Brahmana, Arayanaka, and Upanishad arises. It describes the Rishi, Devatha, and
Chhandas qualities of self-referral consciousness within the Samhita quality of self –
referral consciousness looping back into itself, with the following respective qualities:
memory: ancient, eternal; blossoming; structuring; stirring; and transcendental self
– referral
Human resources Management plays a crucial role in the development process of modern
economics. It is, through the combined effort of Input, Process and output. It will deals
with Man, Material and organizational goals.
Human resource management has a significant role in today’s organization. It takes lead
in assisting management with the “People” component of the organization. Moreover,
employees of an organization can assist in gaining and maintaining a competitive
advantage. An efficient human resource management takes work from the whole
personnel and gains the objective. Human resource management has a place of great
importance. Human resource management can be discussed from six standing points.
NAME OF BRAHMANA QUALITY In HRM
SMRITI MEMORY Data base Management Systems (HRIS)
PURANA ANCIENT ETERNAL Strategic Human Resource Management
ITIHASA BLOSSOMING Human resource Development
BRAHMANA STRUCTURING International HRM
ARANYAKA STIRRING Labour Laws
UPANISHAD Transcendental self- referral Industrial psychology and Relationships
BRAHMANA (HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT)
4
This is how Rk Veda and the whole Vedic Literature emerge within the pure Self, Atma,
in its self – referral quality, expressing, transforming, expanding, silence and dynamism,
sounds and the gaps between sounds; always coming back to the source via the loops at
the basis of the structuring dynamic of pure knowingness.
Ultimately, via the six Pratishakhya, Atma emerges as unity and diversity, wholeness
and all the point values integrated together within the self-sufficient, self-referral,
omnipresent, holistic value of totality – Brahm. Ayam Atma Brahm; "This Atma is
Brahm".
Marketing Management is widely concerned with "Fill and Sell the needs to the society
with higher satisfaction. "Unity in Diversity" is the keynote of society especially in
India. The complex nature of Marketing Management can be understood through the
concept of Indian as a matrix society. In this matrix, one side of the matrix represents
caste, class, community and categories and the other represents region, religion, rural and
urban dimensions. These all diversify groups are living in one society. Marketing
management deals with "Society in Diversify" groups for fill and sell needs of the
society.
PRATISHAKHYA (MARKETING MANAGEMENT)
Marketing Management can be discussed from six methods.
NAME OF
PRATISHAKHYA
QUALITY In MARKETING MANAGMENT
RK VEDA ALL PERVADING FIELD
OF CONSCIOUSNESS
Advertising and sales management
SHUKLA – YAJUR VEDA SILENCE Supply and Demand Management
KRISHNA-YAJUR-VEDA
(TAITTIRIYA)
OMNIPRESENT International marketing management
ATHARVA VEDA
(CHATURADHYAYI)
DISSOLVING Rural, Services And Direct Marketing
ATHARVA VEDA UNFOLDING Consumer Behavior
SAMA VEDA (PUSHPA –
SUTRAM)
UNMANIFESTING Marketing Research and Brand
Management
Veda and the 36 aspects of the Vedic Literatures will be discussed in grater detail in
following chapters. They are the subject of extensive study and research at
Maharishi Vedic Universities and Maharishi University of Management around the
world.
4
Management makes the art and science of getting things done through the efforts
of other people. It also refers to decision – making. Management is a distinct process
consisting of planning organizing, activating and controlling performed to determine and
accomplish the objectives by the use of human beings and other resources.
Management makes the people relies the objectives of the group and directs their
efforts towards the achievement of these objectives. It aims at achieving economic and
social objectives. Just as land, labour and capital are the factors of production and are
essential for the production of goods and services, management is a factor of production
that is required to co-ordinate the other factors of production for the accomplishment of
predetermined goals. Management is applicable in all types of organizations. Wherever
there is human activity, there is management. It is needed, at all levels of organization.
Management cannot perform in the absence of authority. It is rule making and rule
enforcing body. Management is a dynamic function and it has to be performed
continuously. The art of the manager is essential to make the best use of management
science, in the present days management is recognized as profession.
A Vedic science which bestows upon the practitioner an immense Power,
Prosperity & Peace is based on the five elements of nature (Earth, Water, Fire, Air &
Ether). This science first reduces each key aspect of your career and business into the five
elements and then strikes balance to give you desired results. In simple words, it is the
use of spiritual and celestial forces which are running each and everything in very subtle
and mystical way. Every successful idea, strategy and innovation has a mystic element
which when identified can do wonders to even ordinary management concepts and
processess. The principles and concepts of vedic management ignite a unique natural
connection which is in complete harmony with your nature and the given situation. It is
simply finding the joy of greatness in whatever you do to manage
things.
Land
Labour
Capital
Management Technology
“O God! Make me immortal where in happiness and bliss are in abundance. And
desires are fulfilled and be gracious for attainment of that state of prosperity”
(RV.9.113.11)
“ O man! Come here, obtaining the fear of death (or loss), enjoying longevity and
excellent quality. May you be pure and virtuous and possess the wealth and
progeny.
(RV.10.18.2)
A manager is responsible for making decision on matters falling within the scope of his
authority and normally decisions which can be taken at a given level, should not be
referred to higher levels. A manager should use his skills and intelligence while deciding
on a problem because quality of decisions made by him indicates the extent of
responsibility discharged.
When a manager makes a decision, it is, in effect, the organization response to a problem.
Decisions should be thought of as means rather than ends. Every decision is the outcome
of a dynamic process, which is influenced by multiple forces. This process could be
depicted as follows;
• Specific objectives
• Problem identification
• Search for alternatives
• Analysis and evolution
of available alternatives.
• Choice of alternative
• Implementation Results
• Feedback
“DECISION MAKING IS THE PROCESS OF SELECTION ONE FROM ALTERNATIVE COURSE OF ACTIONS”
Decision making process in RK –Veda:
“Let us assimilate the noble thoughts and actions form all sources” (RV.1.81.1)
“O men! Assemble at a common place and take decision unanimously. Do not instigate against
each other” (RV.7.76.5)
4
The word "management" and "administration" are somewhat different when defined
in a dictionary. But in the real world of business, they are the same unless one begins
splitting hairs.
Some might say that administration involves more things of a paper-pushing or
clerical nature. And some may think that management implies some authority over others
that administrators do not have. If a company makes this distinction, so be it. But in
general, business administration and business management are the same.
According to Modern Management, experts have classified Administration and
Management as:
� Management above Administration
� Management Equal to Administration
� Management below Administration
In our Vedic traditions defined Jagat (universe) Entire Management, Brahman
(Administrator) Administration
Different scholars conceived the relation between Brahman (administration) and Jagat
(Entire Management) in different ways. These can be broadly classified into six types.
They are:
� Jagat is Brahman (Suddhadvaitha) Management is Administration
� Brahman is Jagat (Vaisistadvaita) Administration is Management
� Brahman and Jagat are the same. That is Jagat is Brahman and Brahman is Jagat
(Advaita). Administration and Management are the same. That is Management is
Administration and Administration is Management.
� Brahman and Jagat are two different things. (Dvaita) Administration and
Management is different things.
� Brahman is different from Jagat but Jagat is not different from Brahman.
(Dvaitadvaita). Administration is different from Management but Management is
not different from administration.
� The relation between Jagatand Brahman is indescribable (Mayavada). The
relation between Management and Administration indescribable.
This discovery of Veda in the Management makes the study and knowledge of
Management a study and understanding of Veda, as mentioned in one of the aspects of
the Vedic Literature, the Bhagavad – Gita(15.1):
(Bhagavabad Gita15.1)
BG 15.1: The Supreme Personality of Godhead said: It is said that there is an
imperishable banyan tree that has its roots upward and its branches down and whose
leaves are the Vedic hymns. One who knows this tree is the knower of the Vedas.
This is an extraordinary representation of the Organization structure system, showing
Chairman and Managing Director at the top of the chart and branches with sub branches
below, this is the structure of the organization. He who knows they can know the process
of management in the organization.
FORMAL AND INFORMAL ORGANISATION
DIAGRAM
4
'VEDA' Model
In 'VEDA' model, the four letters, V, E, D, A stand for Vision, Enlightenment, Devotion
and Action. Thus, this model is a model of transcendental leadership and management.
Transcendental leaders convert their vision into reality through enlightenment, devotion
to the cause and through action or nishkam karma.
It may be indicated that in 'VEDA', four merges find an integration as V (Vision) is
indicative of raj-yoga, E (Enlightenment) is indicative of Jnana yoga, D (Devotion)
indicates Bhakti yoga and A (Action) indicates Karma yoga. 'VEDA' model also provides
a basis for integration of the Dwaita. Vishishta adwaita and Adwaita, wherein 'Vision' (V)
connotes the 'Mountain top of Adwaita', Enlightenment (E) corresponds to 'Adwaita',
Devotion (D) corresponds to 'Vishishta - adwaita' and Action (A) corresponds to 'Dwaita'.
Sama Veda represents the totality of financial management. Finance is the life –
blood of every organization. It lubricates every organ and every functional area of the
organization and maintains the health of an organization. At the moment the blood
circulation in a human body stops, the human being collapses. Similarly the business
organization also comes to standstill, the moment the finances exhaust in it. It ultimately
leads to the collapse of an organizational. Thus, we can easily understand the finance is
flowing wakefulness in an organization
Though a few of the critics observed that it is the money and finance which are
instrumental for “ Value erosion”, in the society it is impossible in the modern business
world, to carryout any business activity without finance. Finance is the root cause for the
development of trade and industry. It is the money, which gives practical shape to one’s
ideas. Right from the inception of a business organization to procure fixed assets, current
assets, its sustenance, expansion and growth, at every stage, finance is required.
VEDIC APPROACH:
This quality of wakefulness is the silent state of Law, which is fully awake within itself.
It is actually not awake within it self; he who is awake is not separate from wakefulness.
Law in its self-referral state of wakefulness is the operator itself, at the same time it is the
process of operation; that means it is the operating principle or operating reality; it is the
operator that is operating from within itself with all the tool and systems of operation
lively within it – it is everything; the operator (Manager), the process of operation, and
the object – it is all the three in itself. It is wakefulness itself.
That is why it is called the absolute manager on the ground of absolute managing power
4
This is the vision of the evolution of Law. It is one, it is three – it is one (Financial
Management), it is many (It is arranges Hr, Marketing, Production, Office departments)
it’s impact all of them.
Artha Sastra (Money or Financial Studies): During the Vedic period Sage
Vyasa is said to have composed a work on Artha Sastra (Financial Studies) of three
chapters, these are related to modern fund management, invest management and dividend
management in which he teaches 82 ways of earning money, event while leading a
righteous life. Under this head, there are Nitisatra, Shilpasatra, the sixty-four kalas and
also other physical and metaphysical subjects. The famous Artha satra texts are
Kautilys’s Artha Sastra and Sukraniti.
The Arthasastra tradition of Vedic management views the pursuit of artha
(Money or Finance) as an important goal of human existence. Artha is usually understood
to stand for material well – being, as well as for the means of securing such well being,
particularly wealth. Thus, in this ancient tradition the materialistic dimension is
highlighted. However, this tradition also recognizes the existence of the “Law of fish”
(Matsya nyaya), wherein the tendency of the stronger to swallow the weak is recognized.
As Kautiliys’s Arthasastra gave primacy to the materialistic dimension, it could anticipate
a number of ideas that modern society, with its materialistic orientation, has “discovered:
during recent years. Arthasastra contains a number of “modern Financial and
organizational management ideas”
ESSENCE OF VEDIC ECONOMIC THOUGHTS
Vedic economic thoughts are focused on sacrifice for others. According to Manu-Smriti
“Among all purity, purity of the money is supreme.” The five governing principles for
purity of money are:
1. It should not cause any adverse impact on any living being.
2. It should not cause any kind of physical harm to us.
3. Money should be earned through our own efforts and not fetched from efforts of
others.
4. Money should be earned through legitimate virtuous means only.
5. The earning process should not be an impediment to learning process.
Furthermore, Vedic economics advocates the free and uninterrupted flow of new ideas,
knowledge, products, materials and money from one corner of the world to another so as
to ensure the prosperity for all. Ideally speaking, money should continuously flow from
the customers to suppliers; Materials should continuously flow from suppliers without
any accumulation at any stage, get processed and reach customers as finished products
without any rejection and rework. Any interruption in flow at any stage leads to addition
of non-value adding activities and additional cost. According to kaizen guru, Masaaki
Imai, “generally speaking there are about one thousand non-value-adding activities for a
single value adding activity. However, some efficiently run organizations have been able
to bring non-value-adding activities down to two hundred per value adding activity”.
The additional cost as caused due to the interruption in the free flow of money, goods,
and resources is passed on to the various stakeholders, which hinders the achievement of
ultimate objective of prosperity for all. If it happens, it will lead to the realization of the
Vedic economic system which is superior to all present day economic systems as given in
the “Supply and demand matrix”
SUPPLY AND DEMAND MATRIX
4
The matrix as conceived and developed by authors, by integrating the modern as well
as Vedic economic concepts, clearly exhibits the state of affairs of different levels of
economic growth. Looking at the matrix in Figure, one would conclude that highest rate
of growth can be achieved only through the Vedic economic approach, where welfare of
all happens to be the prime concern. In essence, Vedic economy emphasizes on the
following four concepts to be observed by the business organization for its growth and
prosperity:
1. Yagna spirit. Sacrificing individual desires in favour of community benefits. Lord
Krishna says in Bhagwad Gita (3-13), that all sorrows from the society would be
removed if socially conscious members of a community feel satisfaction in
enjoying the “Remnants” of their work performed in “Yagna spirit” (Selfless
welfare of others).
2. Sreyas. Preferring of long-term benefits over short-term gains. This will lead to
welfare of all rather than benefit of only a few.
3. Sharing. Sharing the business prosperity with all the stakeholders of the business.
Rig-Veda offers comprehensive vision of excellence for corporate life in the
Sangathan Sukta (Synthesis of Vedas).
4. Cosmic harmony. Non-disturbance of any thing in the environment. Bhagwad
Gita says universe is an undivided whole, where every particle is connected with
every other particle. Hence, doing well to others ultimately does well to the doer.
Corporate world has forgotten to take care of this aspect in the past; leading to the
industrial recessions, trade union struggles and other problems. However, the
initiatives like ISO 9001, ISO-14001, SA-8000, OHSAS-18001 and the Global
Compact etc. are a good beginning in this direction.
Human resources management is primarily concerned with the people’s
dimension in the organization. It is a crucial subsystem in the process of Management.
The success or failure of an organization not only depends on material, machines and
equipment but also on the personnel’s (called human resource) who are put in their best
efforts for an efficient performance at job. Human resource management is the
management of employee’s skills, knowledge, talent, aptitudes, creative abilities etc.
Yajur Veda represents the totality of the transforming, processing, and
interpreting apparatus. It is within these structures in the Human resource Management
that manages human’s economical and non-economical human activities in the
organization.
Yajur Veda divided into two categories: Shukla (White) and Krishna (Black).
Human life is built around work. Every human being is busy in one activity or another to
satisfy his ever growing wants. The total of all these activities may be broadly classified
into two categories. These are 1) Economic and 2) Non – economic activities. Human
activities related to production and exchange of walth is called economic activities. On
the other hand, non – economic activities are inspired by human sentiments of charity,
religion, love, patriotism etc. the services rendered by a house wife right from the
morning to evening, through her life to the members of her family and social reforms
undertaken by the social servants can be cited as the examples of non – economic
activities. Human resource management can manages all these activities successfully.
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HRM manages all human activities at individual, society and organizational level as an
illustration of Yajur – Veda.
4
The Vedic model with its emphasis on holistic human resource management,
development provides us a new model for the future development of human resources, in
which “spirit of capital” or the Artha dimension of life is not negated but is driven by
Dharma or Ethics. Thus, “Dharma driven Artha” or the “spiritually guided
materialism” represents a balanced approach to development. While western ethos are
rooted in individualism or the primacy of self – interest, Eastern ethos favor
lokasangaraha (Employment) or the primacy of collective interest ad altruism. What is
required is a balance between the two.
The intellectual foundation of the Vedic model could be traced to three fundamental
“theories” from Vedic scriptures Viz. the panchkoshas theory, the Purushartha theory
and the theory of gunas. The essential aspects of the three are presented below. By
combining the three theories we can arrive at the foundational basis of the Vedic model.
The panchakoshas theory provides a framework for holistic self – development. It
identifies five levels of self –development viz. the physical, psychological, mentological,
intellectual and the spiritual consistent with the Annanmaya, Pranammaya, Manomaya,
Vijanmaya and Anandamaya koshas. It provides foundations for the ideas of
“Panchamukhi vikas” or five fold holistic development “Physical, Practical, Aesthetic,
Moral ad Intellectual” at the Individual level.
These two, (Economic and Non –Economic) activities are held to be the world’s eternal
paths to the human being.
“One should wish to live in this world doing hard work for hundred years as there is
no other way for one’s own salvation. A selfless and detached action keeps the doer
away from harm.” (Yajur Veda.40.2)
“O man! Enjoy whatever God gave you. Lost not after any one’s resources.”
(Yajur Veda.40.1)
“Judicious activity and heroism are my two (Economic and Non-economic) hands”
(Yajur Veda.20.7)
“Oye man! The pathway which thou traversed now in different from that of the
enlightened persons; may evils walk far from it so that thou mayest be able to peruse the
supreme path by righteousness”
“Let your mind be possessed of noble thoughts and intentions” (Yajur Veda.34.1)
“Let us follow the path of righteousness” (Yajur Veda.7.45)
BHAGAVAD GITA 8.27
These two, Shukla and Krishna (the bright
(Economical and the (Non Economical)dark), are
held to be the world’s eternal paths
WORK COMMITMENT
UTILIZATION OF HR
HR MANAGER ROLES
LEADERSHIP
LEADER
FOLLOWER
4
Marketing management is the art and science of applying core marketing concepts to
choose target markets and get, keep, and grow customers through creating, delivering,
and communicating superior customer value. It is reverberating wholeness of
Management.
These three values, Sama (Fin), Yajur (Hr), and Atharva (Mkt) therefore constitute the
first holistic aspects of consciousness with reference to Rishi(Input), Devata(Process),
and Chhandas (Output) (See Above Table).
Marketing management, marketing is a societal process by which individuals and groups
obtain what they need and want through creating, offering, and exchanging products and
services of value freely with others.
As a managerial definition, marketing has often been described as “the art of selling
products.” But Peter Drucker, a leading management theorist, says that “the aim of
marketing is to make selling superfluous. The aim of marketing is to know and
understand the customer so well that the product or service fits him and sells itself.
Ideally, marketing should result in a customer who is ready to buy.”
Marketing Management is widely concerned with “Fill and Sell the needs to the society
with higher satisfaction. “Unity in Diversity” is the keynote of society especially in
India. The complex nature of Marketing Management can be understood through the
FINANCIAL
HR
MANAGEMENT
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Reverberating
Wholeness
MARKETING
Figure: 19
Philip Kotler: Marketing Management, Millennium Edition
concept of Indian as a matrix society. In this matrix, one side of the matrix represents
caste, class, community and categories and the other represents region, religion, rural and
urban dimensions. These all diversify groups are living in one society. Marketing
management deals with “Uinity is in diversity” groups for fill and sells needs of the
society.
In this matrix, one side of the matrix represents caste, class, community and categories
opposite side target markemarket, customer needs, integrated marketing, and profitability
and the other represents region, religion, rural and urban dimensions. These all diversify
groups are living in one society. Marketing deals with identifying and meeting human
and social needs. One of the shortest definitions of marketing is “meeting needs
profitably.”
“I am Invincible” (Atharva Veda 19.51.1)
“O man! Live a long life having the life force under (Market control) control”
Oye Mankind ! proceed onwards from the existing status and rise utmost by
breaking into pieces the net work of evils which degrade you, and even death.
(Athrva Veda. 8.4)
Region Religion Rural Urban
Caste
Class
Community
Categories
Customer
Needs
Integrated
Marketing
Profitability
Target Market
MARKETING
MANAGEMENT
VEDIC MODEL “UNITY IS IN DIVERSITY” QUALITY IN MARKETING MANAGEMENT
(Athrva Veda.
.1.48.4)
4
Sri Rama teaches the secrets of administration & governing principles to this
brother king bharatha, when the latter meets the former in the forest. Sage Valimiki
had wonderfully composed 100 Verses, which reveal the knowledge of good
governance.
100th
Sarga of Ayodhya Kanda of Valmiki Ramayana contains the 100 verses about the
governing techniques. Let us discuss a few of them.
“While appointing people to various positions in your organization, you might have appointed intelligent
people for the high positions; mediocre people for the middle level positions; people with low intellect for
lower positions. (Ay.K-100/26) -- Sri Rama’s Advice to Bharatha)
You might have appointed your council of managers, who are loyal to you, who are fearless, straight
forward, highly ethical in their conduct, who are well versed in the matters of political science &
management, who have good family background and come from high lineage, who behave accordingly after
understating your intentions; (Ay.K-100/16)
“Hope, your decisions are not agitating the people. Hope, you are being rightly advised in this regard by
your ministers” (Ay.K-100/28)
“You might have appointed an efficient person as your Army general, who knows the art of warfare, who is
loyal to you and how is contented with your remuneration and honours, ” (Ay.K-100/31)
“Remuneration & Salaries are to be paid regularly to employees without delay and default. Other wise they
express disregard to the royal authority. Hope you are honoring your commitment from time to time ”
(Ay.K-100/34)
“Persons who are native & born in your country, persons who can understand the feelings & opinions of
other kings, persons who convey the message to other kings without distortion, who have tact & common
sense, who exhibit a high degree of discrimination in matters pertaining to relations with other kings should
be appointed as ambassador. ” (Ay.K-100/35)
“Have you appointed spies to monitor the 18 classes of people, who reside in other countries and fifteen
categories of people who reside in your own organization?” (Ay.K-100/37)
“Do the people who depend on agriculture, cattle rearing and commerce feel happy about the state of affairs
of your governance? In their happiness and well-being lies country’s prosperity. ” (Ay.K-100/48)
“Are you protecting all kinds of citizens of your organization? It is the fundamental duty of the manager to
protect his subjects at all times. ”
“Hope, you are not very intimate with your employees or subjects and at the same time your are not
distancing them from meeting you. A manager has to maintain a proper balance in his relationship with his
sub-ordinates.”
“I believe that you are not enjoying all alone the Wealth & delicious food. Hope you are sharing them with
your kith and kin.”
“Are you befriending seniors, intellectuals, and the youth of your organization with your good words and
good gifts?” (Ay.K-100/62)
“Rama proceeds to exhort Bharata o the ways and means of protecting places, forts, water bodies etc and
gives guidance for maintaining cities and villages. (Sarga-100)
4
The vision is that Sama (Financial Management/ Department) contains Yajur (HR
Management/Department) within it, which contains Atharva (Marketing
Management/Department) within it; and Atharva (Mkt) can be seen as Containing Sama
(Fin), Yajur (HR), and Rk (Organisational Management/ Director/ General Manager)
within it. It is enjoyable to observe that the fully awake, self-referral intelligence of Atma
(managing intelligence) hears and sees the structuring dynamics of these four Veda in
terms of Six Vedangas, Six Upanga, Six Brahmana, Six Upa – Veda, Six Ayur Veda
Samhita, and Six Pratishakhyas.
In Management managing intelligence hears and sees the structuring
dynamics of these four management intelligence in terms of six Financial management,
Six management development, Six human resource management, six Production and
quality management, and six Marketing management braches.
All these four independent qualities of WHOLENESS –Rk, Sama, Yajur,
and Atharva -- should be understood as absolute values of WHOLENESS, Each being
independent of each other contains the others within it. This question on the reality of the
four Veda in one WHOLENESS of Atma (Managing intelligence) is resolved when we
understand them all as absolute realities. Each being Absolute (non –relative) can be
easily seen to be one within the other --- four Absolutes in one absolute value of Atma
(Managing Intelligence) –TOTALITY --- Brahm.
This is how we have the vision of Rk, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva (Business&
organizational Management, Financial, Human resource and Marketing Management)
within the fully awake Atma (managing intelligence) of anyone.
FINANCE HR MARKETING Business &
Organizational
Management
Managing intelligence
(Management)
Figure: 85
Modern Management and Ancient Vedic Management
Discover the Eternal Vision in the Management
Atma (Management (Managing Intelligence)) awake within itself has four qualities –self
–referral Vrittis (impulses) within its self-referral, unmanifest reality – the ocean of
WHOLENESS, infinity, in the state of pure wakefulness.
These Vrittis -- Rk, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva (Organizational Management, Financial,
Human resource and Marketing Management) qualities of intelligence – are the self-
expressed Shruti –that which is heard by Atma (managing intelligence) itself in its eternal
state of Unity, Brahm Chetana – fully awake Atma (managing intelligence)—the state of
Brahm – ayam Atma Brahm – Totality.
This supreme state of knowledge is expressed in India in a simple proverb.
JANAT NUMAHI TUMAHI HOI JAI
The intellect that knows you becomes you; it becomes identified with you;
It no more remains separate from you; it becomes the embodiment of pure knowledge.
ESHA BRAHMI STHITIH: PARTH NAINAM PRAPYA VIMUHYATI
Once achieved, it is never lost --- life in enlightenment – life of the individual a lively
field of all possibilities – the ability to achieve anything through mere desiring.
This knowledge is contribution for everyone in all generations to enjoy full
enlightenment – Heaven on Earth. It needed a Maharishi of the scientific age to revive the
COMPLETE KNOWLEDGE of Natural Law and provide a practical Programme for
everyone to enjoy Heaven on Earth.
“Be a conscious person and make your progeny noble and virtuous”
“Totality consciousness people, those who possess self –confidence attain greatness
by virtue of lofty enterprises and constant efforts” (Rk. Veda .85.7)
FINANCE
(Input)
HR
(Process)
MARKETING
(Output)
Business &
Organizational
Management
MANAGING
INTELLIGENCE
(Bagavad—Gita, 2.72)
(Rk Veda.10.53.6)
4
It is these innocent expressions of knowledge on Indian soil that makes India the land of
Veda. This great dignity of India, the Land of the Veda, is now regaining its original
dignity and glory.
“This knowledge is the king of education (MANAGEMENT), the most secret of all
secrets. It is the purest knowledge, and because it gives direct perception of the self by
realization, it is the perfection of religion. It is everlasting, and it is joyfully perfomed.”
The chapter of Bhagavad – gita is called the king of management education because it is
the essence of all doctrines and philosophies explained before. Amongthe principal
philosophers in India are Gautama, Kanada, Kapila, Yajnavalkya, Sandilya and
Vaisvanara. And finnaly there is Vyasadeva, the author of the Vedanta – Sutra. So there
is no dearth of knowledge in the field of philosophy or transcedetal knowledge. Now the
Krishna says that this Ninth Chapter is the king of all such knowledge, the essence of all
knowledge that can be derived from the study of the Vedas and differet kinds of
philosophy. It is the most confidential because confidential or trancedetal knowledge
involves understranding the difference between the soul (managing intelligence) and the
body (Management theory).
This Vedic consciousness-based management training was distorted by the
foreign influence in India for thousands of years, and even now the management of
foreign influence is domination management system in India, rendering them totally
incomplete and ineffective With Maharishi Universities of Management in America,
Europe, and Russia and Maharishi Institute of Management in India, the field of
management is now rising to enjoy the light of Vedic management – the light of
perfection.
BHAGAVAD-GITA
9.2
Haridwar symbolizes the self-evolution and transcendental view of existence. Harvard
symbolizes the corporate management primarily in its market or transactional view of the
world. In contrast, for a holistic approach there is a need to create a bridge between the
two. This would lead to creation of a better world as both material and spiritual
dimensions of life are integrated together. Accordingly, corporate world today needs
'Corporate Rishis' who can re- see the reality in a new perspective to improve the material
and spiritual conditions of humanity. This is also the essence of Vedic integration of
modern management, new age management and transcendental management in the form
of 'Vedic Management'. It implies that time has come now to give due consideration to
holistic and transcendental concepts in management and leadership. Thus, market karma,
social dharma and leadership charisma
Representing an integration of transactional, transformational and transcendental views of
life, should constitute the tripod of new management thought. This would ensure that
corporates and other social institutions contribute to the development of the people and
society to convert the vision of 'sacro-civic society' into a reality wherein autonomy,
harmony and symphony prevail in social relationships. This would also ensure proper
balancing between prosperity, equity and spirituality as envisaged in the Vedic-vision
given by the Vedic seers.
“ASATHO MAA SAT GAMAYA”:
LEAD US FROM BAD TO GOOD
“THAMASO MAA JYOTHIR GAMAYA”:
LEAD US FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT
“MRUTHYORMAA AMRUTHAM GAMAYA”:
LEAD US FROM THE SUFFERING TO HAPPINESS
VEDIC MANAGEMENT
