provides recipes for

builds

acts through

acts through

affects

causing

affects

leading to

can lead to

can lead to

can separate

producing

neutral changes

Genes (genomes)

Individuals

Populations

Natural Selection

Genetic Drift

Sexual Selection

Development

Generation of Genetic Diversity

Changes in Gene

Frequency

Speciation

Differential Reproduction

processes and mechanisms objects evolutionary

events

Geographical Isolation

Evolutionary Change

evidences

dna/protein sequences

experiments and field studies

anatomy and fossils

biogeography

cellular and developmental

processes

Re-Versed LyricsRe-Versed LyricsCopyright © 1997 Nancy L. MariCopyright © 1997 Nancy L. Mari

"Evolution" "Evolution" ((sung to the tune of "Revolution“sung to the tune of "Revolution“ by The Beatles) by The Beatles)

You say believe in evolution - well, you You say believe in evolution - well, you know…know…

It's a thought-provoking viewIt's a thought-provoking viewI think it's a convolution, well, you know…I think it's a convolution, well, you know…

Of what God had planned to doOf what God had planned to doBut when you say that there's no master But when you say that there's no master

planplanI think you probably just don't understandI think you probably just don't understand

  Underneath there's gotta be design Underneath there's gotta be design Underneath there's gotta be designUnderneath there's gotta be designUnderneath there's gotta be designUnderneath there's gotta be design

You think it's the explanation - well, you You think it's the explanation - well, you know…know…

The reason we exist todayThe reason we exist todayIt causes me some consternation, well, you It causes me some consternation, well, you

know…know…That chance can be the only wayThat chance can be the only way

But then you start talkin' about the natural But then you start talkin' about the natural lawslaws

How can chance possibly be their cause?How can chance possibly be their cause?  

Underneath there's gotta be designUnderneath there's gotta be designUnderneath there's gotta be designUnderneath there's gotta be design

Underneath there's gotta be design…Underneath there's gotta be design…    

DNADNA

RNARNA

ProteinProtein

replication (mutation!)replication (mutation!)

transcriptiontranscription

translationtranslation

(nucleotides)

(amino acids)

(nucleotides)

Nucleic acids ~“software”

~ “hardware”

An Information Flow in Biology PrimerAn Information Flow in Biology Primer

genes

messages

• Mutations (hence new varieties) do not arise because they are needed -- they arise by chance

• Mutations merely furnish random raw material for evolution, and rarely, if ever determine the course of the process

• Natural selection is the differential reproduction of genotypes (genes)

• Evolution is the change in the genetic composition of a population over time – “Natural Selection is not Evolution” – Ronald Fisher, The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection

An Evolution by Natural Selection Primer

species gene frequencytime

Chapter VI

…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree.

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. …

Chapter VI

…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the highest possible degree.

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. …

Chapter VI

…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the highest possible degree.

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. …

Chapter VI

…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the highest possible degree.

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. …

Chapter VI

…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the highest possible degree.

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possesser, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. …

Chapter VI

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possesser, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperible by our imagination, can hardly be considered real. …

…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, abserd in the highest possible degree.

Chapter VI

Chapter VI

Chapter VI

Chapter VI

Chapter VI

Chapter VI

Creationism

• Young Earth Creationism

• Old Earth Creationism

• Progressive Creationism

• Evolutionary Creationism

• Intelligent Design Creationism

Design in NatureIntelligent Design (engineer) Natural Selection (tinkerer)

• a preconceived plan• new blueprints, new

tools for new innovations

• perfection is achieved, at least perfection made possible with current technology

• direction not planned• new innovations

utilize existing material and tools (a variety of solutions to a problem is expected)

• imperfection expected

Chapter VI…Organs of extreme perfection and complication. -- To suppose that the eye, with all its inimitable contrivances for adjusting the focus to different distances, for admitting different amounts of light, and for the correction of spherical and chromatic aberration, could have been formed by natural selection, seems, I freely confess, absurd in the highest possible degree.

Yet reason tells me, that if numerous gradations from a perfect and complex eye to one very imperfect and simple, each grade being useful to its possessor, can be shown to exist; if further, the eye does vary ever so slightly, and the variations be inherited, which is certainly the case; and if any variation or modification in the organ be ever useful to an animal under changing conditions of life, then the difficulty of believing that a perfect and complex eye could be formed by natural selection, though insuperable by our imagination, can hardly be considered real.…

Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species