Re-Knitting Okland

Improve the health and well-being of Oakland residents

New publicly-owned land for development

Increase land values and tax revenue

Improve walking, biking, and public transit infrastructure

Reconnect West Oakland to Downtown

The freeway separates West Oakland from Downtown both physically and psychologically.

I-980 fails to serve local residents.

Prime location for uses to address key issues: housing, job creation, public transit infrastructure

I-980 is underutilized - the traffic it receives is well below its capacity

The land could also generate income for the city.$

$

Demographic Data

History of I-980

Existing Site Condition

Environmental Issues

Freeway Analysis

Precedent Studies

Transit Analysis and Street Life

Pedestrian Experience

Plans and Policies

Proposals for the Future

Public Health Inequity. Environmental Inequity. Community Division.

CALIFORNIA OAKLAND THE SITE: I-980

INTRODUCTION: Project and Problem Statement

Dening the Study Area

Project BenetsProject Description

[IN]CITY 2015

RE-KNITTING OAKLAND A STUDY OF I-980

Aysegul Akturk | Alex Fox | Ivana Rosas | Carrie Sauer | Manali Sheth || Nicola Szibbo, PhD | Sonia-Lynn Abenojar | Justin Kearnan | Eric Anderson

Project Rationale

Current Site Condition

I-580

I-880

I-980

I-80CA-24

CA-17

Jeffe

rson

St.

4th St

Mar

ket

St.

West Grand Ave


Aysegul Akturk | Alex Fox | Ivana Rosas | Carrie Sauer | Manali Sheth || Nicola Szibbo | Sonia-Lynn Abenojar | Justin Kearnan | Eric Anderson

[IN]CITY 2015

THE HISTORY OF 1-980Before I-980: Oakland Neighborhoods 1889 - 1951

Takeaways

I-980 Development Timeline

Catherine Wagner (1978)

Urban Renewal:Blight Remediation

Movement to reimagine I-980 area

West Oakland redlined as high-risk

Construction begins

Federal funds secured, interstate designation

I-980 completed

Loma Prieta: I-880 collapses, I-980 used as central freeway

I-880 reopens,I-980 reduced to original use

Grove-Shafter Freeway plan is proposed, features second trans-bay element.

Oaklandc. 1930

1912-19511902-19031889

Old Oakland

Currently I-980 Uptown Oakland

Old Oakland


Sixth Street

Eighteenth Street

Mar

ket S

tree

t

Old Oakland


1960

1968

1980

1989

1998

2014

1985

1936

1976

1949

1930

2015

1946

acres houses trees churches businesses employees 42 503 4 14222 155The Cost of Building I-980

200 - 400 K 600 - 800 K

1 mill.

800 K - 1 mill.


Aysegul Akturk | Alex Fox | Ivana Rosas | Carrie Sauer | Manali Sheth || Nicola Szibbo | Sonia-Lynn Abenojar | Justin Kearnan | Eric Anderson [IN]CITY 2015

EXISTING SITE CONDITION: Demographic Data

Takeaways

Population Density

High to Low

Census Tract 4024

Census Tract 4025

Census Tract 4027

Census Tract 4026

Census Tract 4028

Census Tract 4031

Population and Median IncomeThe Site West

Oakland Downtown Oakland

City of Oakland

AlamedaCounty

2,538 1,535,2485,127 4,579 397,011

Race and Ethnicity

Age Distribution

Under 1812% or 305 people

Working Age (18-64)70% or 1,790 people

Under 52% or 56 people

Aging (65+)16% or 443 people

Poverty by Age

Families in Poverty

25% belowpoverty level

75% abovepoverty level

Under 18 in Poverty





Working Age in Poverty



Aging in Poverty

All data shown on this board is gathered from 2013 Census Data.

Land Value Analysis

High to Low

High to Low

Total Housing Units

990

582

445

497

1651

495

Rent vs. Home Ownership

152

265

279

200

190

396

200 - 400 K 600 - 800 K

1 mill.

800 K - 1 mill.

Project Site

1

Renter Occupied Units

Owner Occupied Units

2,732

West Oakland

2

2,146

586

2,009

1,572

437

1,421

942

479

Vacancy Percentages

Downtown Oakland

3

Median House Price

12.9% 7.9% 8.2%

$400K $310K $550K

$35,996 $72,112$23,856 $22,465 $52,583

These demographic statistics show how I-980 divides Oakland along racial and class lines and how its removal could begin to heal the rift it embodies.

$22,465 1,421 Units4,579 People

High to Low

Asian

High to Low High to Low

WhiteAfrican American

High to Low

Other Races

Project Site

(Census Tracts 4026, 4027)

African American 46%

Asian 24%

White 27%

Other 1%

American Indian 1%

Two or more races 2%

Total Population:

4,579

West Oakland Downtown Oakland

City of Oakland Alameda County

71%11%9%6%2,5%0.5%

35%29%24%7%4%1%

39%27%16%11%6%1%

46%27%12%8%6%1%

Total Population

5,127

2 3

Total Population

2,538

4 5

Total Population

397,011Total Population

1,535,248

(Census Tracts 4024, 4025) (Census Tracts 4028, 4031)

1


Aysegul Akturk | Alex Fox | Ivana Rosas | Carrie Sauer | Manali Sheth || Nicola Szibbo, PhD | Sonia-Lynn Abenojar | Justin Kearnan | Eric Anderson [IN]CITY 2015

EXISTING SITE CONDITION

Takeaways

Green Spaces Parking Lots Public Land vs. Private LandGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen SpacesGreen Spaces

W Grand Ave

4th Street

Mar

ket S

tree

t

Brus

h St

reet Ca

stro

Str

eet

18th Street

11th Street

Parks Trees

14th Street Section from Jefferson Street to Market Street

Downtown OaklandWest Oakland

Jefferson Street

MLK Jr.Way

CastroStreet

BrushStreet

WestStreet

MarketStreet

I-980

90 410 40 230 46 440 45 320 55 323 56

Off-ramp2 lane

On-ramp2 lane

Freeway3 lane

On-ramp2 lane

Freeway2 lane

Off-ramp2 lane

Parking Lots

The current services, retail and housing in the site do not meet the needs of residents and consumers. By rethinking I-980, the city could promote access to services, healthy food, and other community resources.

Parking Lots Public Land Private Land

PeoplesGrocery Old Oakland

Farmers Market

Smart & Final

Standard Food Access Point and Buffer

Standard Food Access = 1/4 mile radius from food access pointMixed Use

Park

Residential

Commercial

W Grand Ave

Mar

ket S

tree

t

Brus

h St

reet Ca

stro

Str

eet

4th Street

18th Street

11th Street

14th Street

Brus

h Br

ush

Industrial

Residential, Commercial& Light Industrial

Parks Trees

Religious Institution Grocery Store

Housing Services

Social Services

Cultural Institution/Landmark

Religious Institution Grocery Store

Cultural Institution/ Landmark

Social Services

Housing Services

Limited Social Services & Parks

Existing Landuse Community Assets Food Access

81-85%

76-80%

61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%61-65%

76-80%

31-35%31-35%31-35%31-35%



[IN]CITY 2015

Takeaways

EXISTING SITE CONDITION: Environmental Issues

Particulate Matter Score Asthma Score

Old Oakland Farmers Market

Smart & Final

PeoplesGrocery

Sea Level Rise, Flood Risk, and Liquefaction

Population Growth

Area of Sea Level Rise Risk: 6ft, 100ys

Redesigning I-980 would mitigate current environmental issues and prepare for projected population growth and anticipated natural disasters.

Source: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Source: City of Oakland

Area at risk of liquefaction

Icon Source: Lisa Staudinger, Noun ProjectSource: U.S. Census Bureau

Issues turned into opportunities

Source: OEHHA CalEnviroscreen 2.0

99.8%

99.7%

100%

100%

99.6%

Source: OEHHA CalEnviroscreen 2.0

% Percentile Ranking in State of California

ImpermeableSurface

Shoreline

Shoreline

West Oakland West OaklandOakland Oakland Alameda CountyAlameda County

2,195,999674,566*8,711*5,127 1,535,248397,011*Assumend proportionate growth to Alameda County.

70%growth

20602013

% Percentile Ranking in State of California

Stormwater Runoff

Source: City of Oakland

PermeableSurface

School

Schools in the Area

West Oakland

I-980

West Oakland

I-980

1cm : 30m

1cm : 30m

Source: Google Maps



[IN]CITY 2015

I-980 Right-of-way Widths Comparison

FREEWAY ANALYSIS

Downtown Oakland Freeway Trafc

Takeaways

390

I-980 Freeway Plan

I-980 Right-of-way Widths

Off-ramp2 lane

Freeway3 laneExplanation

Off-ramp2 lane

Freeway3 lane

BART Freeway3 lane

Freeway2 lane

On-ramp1 lane

Off-ramp3 lane

MLK Jr. Way

Brush Street

Castro Street

Brush Street

440

I-980 Freeway Plan


On-ramp2 laneExplanation

Off-ramp2 lane

Freeway3 lane

Freeway2 lane

On-ramp2 lane

Off-ramp2 lane

1 29th Street Section

2 West Grand Avenue Section

San Pablo Street MLK Jr. Way Northgate AveNorthgate AveSan Pablo Street

170

I-980 Freeway Plan


Freeway5 lane

Freeway5 laneExplanation

3 14th Street Section

Percent Utilization ofI-980s Capacity

Most and Least Used On/Off Ramps by ADT

CA

-24

Grove S

hafter F

wy

I-580 MacArthur Fwy

I-80 Eastshore Fw

y

I-9

80 G

rove

Sha

fter F

wy

I-880 Nimitz Fwy

I

-880

Nim

itz Fw

y

I-80 Bay Bridge

Pose

y &

Web

ster

Tub

es

West Oakland

Downtown

Emeryville

Port

Alameda

24

980880

880

580

580

80

80

0k 30k 60k 90k 120k 150k 180k 210k 240k 270k 300k

Average Annual Daily Vehicles

Trafc Volume Over Time

I-980: 14th St

MacArthur Fwy I-580: Oakland Ave

Nimitz Fwy I-880: Jackson/Broadway

CA-24 JCT

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

I-980: 14th St



CA-24 JCT

I-80 Eastshore Powell St

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

I-980: 14th St



CA-24 JCT

I-80 Eastshore Powell St

-

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

350,000

I-980 has the capacity to accept much more traffic than it does currently and can thus be viewed as underutilized.

2014

440

17010 lanes

13 lanes

22 lanes390

I-980

1

2

3

333

3

14th St

18th St

jct.with I-580

Estimated 1-hour Peak Capacity: 18,869 carsHighest Recorded Peak Hour: 7,900 carsMaximum Capacity: 41.9%

Off-ramp Traffic

On-ramp Traffic

Range of ADT Counts:1,400-31,500 cars

Source: CalTrans (Data), Brian Stokle (Analysis)

22.3%

41.9%

27.6%

Underutilized Freeway I-980

Explanation


I-980 Freeway Plan

Explanation


I-980 Freeway Plan

Explanation


I-980 Freeway Plan

Aver

age

Dai

ly T

ra

c

Year

I-880

I-580

14th Street

Brus

h St

reet

Cast

ro S

tree

t

12th Street

11th Street

3 4

1 2

5

# Location of trafc counts



[IN]CITY 2015

14th Street and Castro Street Panorama

Takeaways

Transit Map

Bus Routes

Freeway

Bike Lane

BART Lane BART Stop

Number of Arterial Street Lanes

2 lanes6 lanes 4 lanes

How people get to the area

+ +

+

+

7

3

2

2

1

1

1

1

0

Commuting Modes

+

+

6

3

1

1

1

1

0

Daily Use Modes

+

+ 3

+ + 3

+

Source: Survey ResultsSource: Our Survey Results

DOWNTOWN12

ALAMEDA3

WEST OAKLAND2

OLD OAKLAND1

EL CERRITO1

ROCKRIDGE1

IRVINE1

Where people come from

Trafc Count Study

1 Brush and 14th Street

2 Castro and 14th Street


4 Castro and 12th Street


100

56 1,416

96

201,368

100

56 1,416

60

221,216

36

81,688

44

162,304

56

121,280

36

41,300

60

41,968

20

82,060

Conducted on a weekday morning (7:30-8:30 am) and afternoon (4:30-5:30 pm). The survey was done on the same day (Friday) as the Art + Soul Festival.

The presence of I-980 makes the area more car-centric. However, our traffic counts reflect latent demand for safe, pedestrian and bike friendly infrastructure.

Need for complete streets

TRANSIT ANALYSIS & STREET LIFETransit Map

Takeaways

Sights Along the Freeway

Perceptions of I-980


Qualitative Survey Cognitive Mapping Exercise Results

How does this highway affect you?

What would you rather see here?

How could this space better serve your needs?

Area not suited for pedestrians

THE PEDESTRIAN EXPERIENCE


Noise Map

I-980 is perceived as a major dividing line by local residents. Survey participants reported the overpasses connecting West Oakland and Downtown to be uninviting, polluted, and dangerous.

[IN]CITY 2015

All data reported by survey participants. Participants wereasked to dene their neighborhood on a map.

7678.582

81

6774

78.5

8481.5

Measured in dBu between 5:30-6:30 PM

7678.582

81

6774

78.5

8481.5

6767

78.578.578.578.578.5

8181.5

74

78.5

0 dB

30 d

B

40 d

B

50 d

B

70 d

B

80 d

B

90 d

B

100

dB

pollutedwalkab

le

beautiful

dirty quietwarmpollutedwarmpolluteddarkpolluteddarkpollutedunsafe

open

borin

g

polluted

borin

g

polluted deserted

convenientdisconnected uninviting

scaryloud remote

dange

polluteddange

pollutedrous

homeless

pollutedwalkab

le

industrious beautiful

dirtydrug

squietwarmdark

unsafe

busy open

borin

g

deserted

convenientdisconnected uninviting

scarylouddrab

safe

gra

ti

remote

dangerous

homeless

W Grand Ave

4th Street

21th Street

18th Street

12th Street

11th Street

Mar

ket S

tree

t

Broa

dway

I-980

I-880

Cast

ro S

tree

t

San Pablo Ave

Brus

h St

reet

Clay

Str

eet

The presence of trash, grafti and poorly-lit areas create an unwelcoming environment. Walkways are wide but uninteresting for pedestrians. Crosswalks do not always connect.

METHOD 1: Three posters were installed along an overpass with questions about the overpass experience.

METHOD 2: Pedestrians traversing the I-980 corridor were invited to complete in a survey. Items included questions about transit, perceptions of the area, and a neighborhood-mapping exercise. (N=21).

[The] highway divides the city.

[The] corner at Castro & 14th is VERY dangerous for pedestrians - can something be done?

A representation of a positive oakland (all of us!)

Accidents happen all the time[The] highway divides the city.



[IN]CITY 2015

San Francisco, CA

Re-envisioning the Highway

Central Freeway / Octacia Boulevard

TAKEAWAYS

THREE CASE STUDIES

1987 2011

Milwaukee, WI

Freeway Traffic Volume

Boulevard Traffic Volume

Average Condo Price in Hayes Valley

1996

2006

Land Made Available for Development

Freeway Traffic Volume

Boulevard Traffic Volume

Investment in Local Real Estate Projects

1968 20142000

2014

Contracts Awarded to Local Businesses

Freeway Traffic Volume88,000 Cars

=20,000 Cars

=$100,000

=5 Acres

LEGEND

Traffic Planners Baffled by Success / No Central Freeway, no gridlock -- and no explanation - SF Chronicle (1996)

Oakland, CA

Adequate Traffic Capacity

Increased Neighborhood Investment/Development

Improved Pedestrian and Bicycle Amenities

Displacement of Businesses and Longtime Residents

Design Issues at Some Intersections

Nearby Streets Receive Increased Traffic during Peak Hours

PROS CONSPark East Freeway / McKinley Avenue Cypress Freeway / Mandela Parkway

PROS CONS PROS CONS

Adequate Traffic Capacity


Increased Property Values and Tax Revenue

Increased Travel Times for Some Motorists

Diminished Parking Supply

Project Did Not Provide Low Income Housing

Community Involvement and Local Job Creation


Improved Pedestrian and Bicycle Amenities

Re-zoning Potentially Hurting Local Job Market by Eliminating Industry

Currently Underutilized by Pedestrians

Development Plan May Encourage Gentrification

Boulevards can provide adequate traffic capacity.

When carefully designed the needs of cars, pedestrians and cyclists can be balanced.

Freeway removal projects can encourage substantial investment in the area.

Community involvement is essential and can enhance the planning process.

Freeway removal projects can support local businesses and jobs.

Land Made Available for Development

93,000 Cars

Access to downtown Milwaukee has actually been improved, because the new street level boulevard allows drivers to turn on to more streets than the freeway spur allowed. - Urban Milwaukee (2009)

Warehouses...converted into live-work lofts and art studios. New restaurants...Next year City Slicker Farms will open a 1.4 acre park, community center and food garden.- SF Chronicle (2014)

54,000 Cars

18,600 Cars$340 million as of 2007

$203,000

$760,00063,000 Cars

26 Acres7 Acres

$90 million

=20,000 Cars=5 Acres

LEGEND

=$100 mill.

=20,000 CarsLEGEND

=$100 mill.

=500 units

1,000 Units Since 2006

Housing Units Added on Western Edge Alone


TAKEAWAYSTAKEAWAYSBoulevards can provide adequate traffic capacity.

When carefully designed the needs of cars, pedestrians and cyclists can be balanced.

TAKEAWAYSTAKEAWAYS



[IN]CITY 2015

General Goals for the Development Area

Why Eco- District?

Concept Diagram:Re-Knitting Oakland

Takeaways

Sustainable Land Use Sustainable Urban Design

Green Neighborhood Infrastructure

Mixed UseBetter Social ServicesTransit Oriented DevelopmentUrban Agriculture

ConnectivityWalkable StreetsPedestrian Oriented BuildingsDiverse and Affordable HousingParks and Public Spaces

EnergyStormwaterWaste-water RecyclingSustainable LandscapeWaste-recycling

Jardin phemere Street, PARISWauwatosa, Wisconsin Greenwich Village, NYC Greenwich Village, NYC Stormwater- RaingardenEnergy- Solar PV

"WE ARE ENTERING A PEAK OIL, PEAK WATER WORLD THAT IS GLOBALLY INTERCONNECTED YET ECOLOGICALLY IMPOVERISHED." (Edward O. Wilson)

Cast

ro S

tree

t

Brus

h St

reet

14th Street

11th Street

17th Street

W Grand Ave

Proposed Land Use Map

Mixed Use

Park

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Residential, Commercial & Light Industrial

LEED for Neighborhood Development

Total Points** *80

**Certified 40+ points, Silver 50+ points, Gold 60+ points, Platinum 80+ points

Smart Location and Linkage 22

Neighborhood Pattern and Design

Green Infrastructure and Buildings

*Out of a possible 100 Points + 10 bonus points

Out of a possible 28 points



34

24

Innovation & Design Process

Regional Priority Credit

0

0

Using the LEED ND checklist to create target goals for development, we hope to create a sustainable design that features sustainable land use, sustainable urban design, & green neighborhood infrastructure.Create 21 new net acres, 11 new

blocks, & 6 new connected streets

ECO-DISTRICT FRAMEWORK FOR OUR NEW PROPOSAL



[IN]CITY 2015

Proposed Building Footprint MapECO-DISTRICT FRAMEWORK FOR OUR NEW PROPOSAL

Section

Takeaways

Design Elements

Vehicular Access Pedestrian Access Transit AccessW Gra

nd Ave

I-880

Existing Streets Proposed Streets

Existing Streets Proposed Streets

1

Source: Salem Essex StreetPedestrian Mall

2

3

41

5

6

Mixed Use Buildings: Residential + Commercial(grocery store, gym, childcare, shopping complex, etc.)

2 Inclusionary Affordable Housing

3 Parks: Public Green Space Surrounding the Pedestrian Street (Nearby buildings could have commercial spaces that serve park users)

4 Pedestrian and Bicycles Street: A specialstreet for pedestrian and bicycles

Worker Cooperative 5

6 Public Garden: Urban Agriculture

W Grand Ave

BART

Oakland City Center

Frank H. Ogawa Park

I-880

Parks Pedestrian Streets

BARTPedestrian and Bicycle Streets Bus Routes

I-880

Parks Pedestrian Streets

Proposed BART Station

Proposed Building Footprint Map

W Grand Ave

Bus Routes

BART ? Garage CastroStreet

BrushStreet

380 6060

14th Street SectionI-980 Between

Grand Ave and I-880

73,000Number of Lanes

5

= 20,000 cars

= 2 Lanes

Proposed:Castro St and

Brush St

60,0008

ADTADT Number of Lanes

Proposed:

ADT Estimate



[IN]CITY 2015

CONCLUSIONS & NEXT STEPS

Benets of a Redesigned I-980

Takeaways

I-980 at Present and Proposal

Redesigning the space occupied by I-980 presents an opportunity to re-knit a divided city.

In-depth Traffic Study

Cost Analysis

Environmental Impact Assessment

21 Acres

11 Blocks

2 Parks

6 Connecting Streets

2 Pedestrian Paths

630 Housing Units

4 Commercial Areas

Complete Streets

Job Opportunities

Evaluation Engagement Planning

Public informational meetings

Community workshops

Collaboration with local Community Development Corporations

Identify stakeholders

Consider connections with existing policies

Review plan in context of local, regional, and global initatives

Access for local residents Safe, healthy transportation New development based on sustainable strategies

Public Health Equity Community Cohesion Environmental Integrity

Next Steps

Re-Knitting Okland

Documents

Transcript of Re-Knitting Okland