Re-Integrating Design, Planning, and Public · PDF fileOklahoma APA Conference. September 26,...
Transcript of Re-Integrating Design, Planning, and Public · PDF fileOklahoma APA Conference. September 26,...
Oklahoma APA ConferenceSeptember 26, 2016
Re-Integrating Design, Planning, and Public Health
Shawn Schaefer, Michael Birkes, and Amanda Yamaguchi
2009 SOCM Summer Institute Anchoring Lecture
Origins
OU College of Architecture, Dean Charles Graham
Center for Health Systems and Design
Envisioning a Healthy Community
Tulsa Comprehensive Plan
Wayman Tisdale Specialty Clinic
Origins:Pilot Project
OU and Texas A+M Students during site visit
OUUDS Students leading public workshop
Community Leader, Kathy Hinkle
Street Views
Northland Town Center - Aerial View Piazza in Town Center
Students present the Northland Plan toTulsa Mayor Dewey Bartlett at the NorthstarNeighborhood Block Party in July 2011
• Opening of OU Wayman Tisdale Clinic
• City of Tulsa completes and adopts 36th
Street North Corridor Plan
• $5 million for land acquisitions and infrastructure from Improve Our Tulsa
• $3.25 million for Street Improvements
• Alfresco Community Development Corporation announces plans for major mixed-use development
• Re-branding effort by neighborhood leaders leads to the forming of the Phoenix District
Outcomes
Squatter Space at the Tisdale Clinic
SquattingOnly environmental design studio located at a working health clinic
Community Meeting on Cycling in the City
• overcrowding
• sanitation and hygiene
• infectious diseases
Dr. John Snow and his London cholera epidemic map.
From How the Other Half Lives by Jacob Riis.
Origins
Current Issues
Air Pollution
Social Isolation Car Crashes
Obesity
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Health Outcomes
Our Mission
Bring together design, planning, and medical professionals to improve community health by better environmental design of buildings, neighborhoods and cities.
Graduate Class on Public Health and the Built Environment
Spring 2014, 2015, and 2016 Students:
• Urban Design• Physical Therapy• Library and Information Science• Public Administration• Public Health
Format:
• Guest Speaker: Topic of the Week
• Discussion
• Team Project
Graduate Class on Public Health and the Built Environment
• Teams are formed combining Urban Design Student with students from Health Disciplines
• Students Identify a Relevant Community Issue for a Semester Project
• Attempt HIA and/or Urban Design Problem
Graduate Class on Public Health and the Built Environment
• Assesses plans, projects, programs or policies BEFORE implementation– Predicts the health impacts of implementation– Makes recommendations to support implementation of
improved health impact• Used both for protection (evaluate hazards) and for
promotion (wellness)• Broad or tight focus
– Increased physical activity vs. occurrence of ER visits due to asthma events
Health Impact Assessment (HIA)
• Screening• Scoping• Assessment• Recommendations• Reporting and
Dissemination• Evaluation• Monitoring
Steps of an HIA
Riders say new bus system leaves elderly behind – KJRH News
OU-Tulsa Students Reviewing Bus Route Changes’ Health Effects – Tulsa World
Tulsa BRT Plan Impact on Inhofe Plaza Residents
Kelly Cook, Michael Detter and Jessica Shelton: May 1, 2014
BRT Route Map
PROPOSED BUS STOP NEAREST TO INHOFE PLAZA
76.08 Census Tract: General Info
• 61st to 71st, Riverside to Peoria
• Population: 2,133
• Mostly Apartment Buildings
• 88.1% Renters
INHOFE PLAZA
76.08 Census Tract: Poverty
• 34.5% of residents are below poverty level• In 2012, $23,283 for family of four or
$11,945 for individual under 65
• Median income in census tract 76.08: $22,872
• 31.3% of households: No workers in last 12 months
• 38.8% of households: 1 person working
• 29.9% of households: 2 or more working
INHOFE PLAZA
76.08 Census Tract: Health
• 55% are 65 and older• 55% of those 65 and older
have ambulatory problems
• 6.4% are disabled
• 5.8% have vision difficulty
• 3.3% have ambulatory problems
INHOFE PLAZA
Site Overview
Building Footprint
INHOFEPLAZA
Parking and Access
INHOFEPLAZA
Sidewalks
INHOFEPLAZA
Bus Stops
INHOFEPLAZA
Barriers
INHOFEPLAZA
Site Analysis – Perimeter
INHOFE PLAZA
66TH PLACE
SOUTH PEORIA
66th Place and Peoria, looking northwest
Site Analysis – Perimeter
South Entrance on 66th Place
BUS STOP NEAR SOUTH ENTRANCE
Site Analysis – Perimeter
East 66th Place , looking East toward Peoria
NO SHOULDER
DANGEROUS DITCH
NO SIDEWALK
Site Analysis – Perimeter
Newport Ave. Northwest Entrance
TULSA TRANSIT LIFT SERVICE
Wheelchair Perspective Video
Inhofe Plaza Resident Profile• 149 units, mostly singles• Must be 62 or older or have a physical or mental
disability• 80 percent don’t own cars
• ~70-80% ride Tulsa Transit• Many use Tulsa Transit Lift service
• To qualify for public housing from Tulsa Housing Authority (THA), a household must earn equal to or less than the following:
Household Size Income Limit
1 $33,850
2 $38,650
• Estimates by Inhofe management • No medical data available due to HIPPA
regulations• 33-50% use a walker• 30% use wheeled mobility
• Very few have power chairs• 20% have automobiles
• 70-80% use the 105 and/or The Lift
Mobility of Inhofe Plaza Residents
Total Census Tract: 55% have ambulatory difficulty
Functional Mobility ScaleInhofe Plaza door to current bus stop = 415 feetHousehold ambulators
– 0 – 0.4 mph– Range ~ 16 feet
Limited community ambulators– 0.4 – 1.8 mph – Range ~ 165 feet
Community ambulators– 1.8 – 3.0 mph– Range ~ 1,600 feet– Goal for physical therapy ~65 ft.
Cross street and normal walking speed– 3.0 mph +
High fall risk
Brown et al., 2010
Fall Risk of Elderly• Elderly at a greater fall risk
– Medication– Impaired mobility and gait– Psychological factors– Nutritional deficiencies– Visual impairments– Foot problems– Inappropriate assistive devices
• 30% over 65 fall each year• 20-30% of fallers suffer injuries that reduce mobility and
independence
World Health Organization, 2004
Metabolic Equivalent (MET) Levels• 1 MET (3.5 ml O2 / minute)
Sitting at rest• 2.5 METS
Walking 2 mph• 4 METS
Walking at 3 mph• Top end of a “Limited Community Ambulator”:
1.8 mph• METS are calculated for a 70 kg person
Sidney & Blumchen, 1990Fritz & Lusardi, 2009
Significance• Ambulation with a walker
– Standard walker • 212% greater O2 demand per meter• 200% greater heart rate
– Wheeled walker• 104% greater O2 demand per meter• 98% greater heart rate
• Powering a wheelchair– 6 METS energy equivalent
Foley, Prax, Cromwell, & Boone (1996)
Significance• .25 mile walk for able-bodied person
– 5 minutes at 3 mph– 4 METS– 14 ml O2 / minute (1 MET=3.5 ml O2/min)– 70 ml O2 (4 METS x 5 minutes x 3.5 ml O2/min)
• Same distance with a walker – 8.3 minutes at 1.8 mph– 3.5 ml O2 /min x 4 METs x 8.3 min x 212%– 246 ml O2
• Same exertion level for able-bodied person as– Running 9.3 mph (2:48 marathon pace) - MET level 14 – Backpacking 6 mph with a 44 lb load up a 5% grade - MET level 13
Sidney & Blumchen, 1990
Dangers of Walking to Bus Stop• No sidewalk next to driveway; residents must walk or
maneuver wheelchairs or walkers on driveway near traffic• No sidewalk or shoulder on 66th Place; residents must walk or
maneuver wheelchairs or walkers on the street near traffic to reach Peoria
• Deep bar ditch on north side of 66th Place • Sidewalk along Peoria is in poor condition• Crossing infrastructure (preferably with lights) needed to
allow safe crossing to east side of Peoria at 66th Place (possible location of future BRT station)
Possible Solutions
Solution 1: Stick with Current Plan Execute current BRT plan as written, eliminating Route 105 bus stop next to Inhofe Plaza driveway at 66th Street. No improvements to infrastructure. Remove section of driveway speed bumps for easier pedestrian and wheeled access.
Pros:• Plan is already funded• BRT route is more efficient; buses run faster• Possible safe crossing infrastructure included in BRT Plan?
Cons:• Inhofe Plaza residents have to travel to Peoria on foot, a potentially
dangerous journey due to lack of sidewalk infrastructure• Residents who are unable or unwilling to walk to Peoria would
need to use the Lift system– Increased cost for fixed-income riders– Increased cost for Tulsa Transit
Solution 2: Keep Inhofe Plaza Loop
INHOFEPLAZA
Solution 2: Keep Inhofe Plaza LoopInclude Inhofe Plaza bus stop loop in BRT plan. Remove section of driveway speed bumps for easier pedestrian and wheeled access.
Pros:– Inhofe Plaza residents continue to board buses close to home,
eliminating the potentially dangerous walk to Peoria Avenue– Increases regular bus ridership; maintains Lift ridership– Other mobility-impaired residents would benefit from a bus stop
close to homeCons:
– BRT route is less efficient; buses run slower– Slippery slope: Opens the door to other potential route diversions– Increased bus traffic on neighborhood streets
Solution 3: Sidewalks to Peoria
INHOFEPLAZA
Solution 3: Sidewalks to Peoria• Build sidewalk from front door of Inhofe Plaza along driveway to 66th Street• Build sidewalk from 66th Street to Peoria
Pros: – Safer route to the bus stop that doesn’t require walking on the street,
other than potential crossing of 66th Street– Improving sidewalk infrastructure of neighborhood would encourage
people to walk more and be healthierCons:– North side of 66th expensive due to bar ditch; south side requires two
additional street crossings– Sidewalk along 66th Street involves work inside right-of-way, making it
more difficult to implement– Limited funding from THA for property sidewalk improvements– More expensive due to enhanced crossing on Peoria
Solution 4: East EntranceThrough Shopping Center
INHOFEPLAZA
Solution 4: East Entrance Through Shopping Center
• Install passage through east fence line, allowing safer pedestrian travel through shopping center to Peoria Avenue
– Pros:• Shorter distance to Peoria Avenue• Doesn’t require walking on busy street• Affordable compared to 66th Street sidewalk option
– Cons:• Limited funding availability from Tulsa Housing Authority to build
sidewalk infrastructure• Acquiring pedestrian easement from shopping center property owner
may be difficult due to fear of liability• More expensive due to enhanced crossing on Peoria
SUMMARY MATRIX
Solution 1: Stick With
Current Plan
Solution 2:Keep Inhofe Plaza Loop
Solution 3: Sidewalks to Peoria
Solution 4: East Entrance
ThroughShopping Center
Ease to Residents • •••• •• ••
Expense •••• •• • •••
Implementation Difficulty •••• ••• • •
Pedestrian Safety • •••• •• •••• Least Favorable •••• Most Favorable
Summary Matrix
• Revive – Housing Violations
• Tobacco Outlet Study
• Missed Appointments
Research Studies
OutreachPanels and workshops for the public with information and methods to help them improve themselves and their environments for better health and well-being.
Panelists Jacki Lentz from the Alzheimers’ Association; Mary Isaacson Ph.D., Professor of Occupational Therapy, OU College of Allied Health; Gina Sides RN, Memory Center Supervising Nurse, Saint Simeon’s Episcopal Home; Julie Lackey ASID, Interior Designer, Matrix AEP; and Connie McFarland FAIA, Principal, McFarland Architects discuss designing for dementia with Moderator, Michael Birkes, AIA.
Topics of Past Programs:
• Designing for Alzheimer’s and Dementia• Tulsa’s Air Quality• Early Childhood Environments• Food Access and Food Security• Cycling as Active Transportation• Tulsa Water Quality and Chloramines• Mindfulness and Stress Reduction• Coping with Chronic Diseases• Pedestrian Safety and Street Design• Tulsa’s New Refuse Disposal System• Storm Shelters for Schools• Housing for Persons with Mental Health
Problems• The Effects of Color on Health
OKC Juvenile Justice Center Library
Design Charrette with Interior Design Students
Group 1 Group 2
Results
Shelves under construction
A CHED-centric Professional Project
Project Goals
Methodology
Slow Traffic on Major Streets
Create Safe Street Crossings
Promote the Walking School Bus
Increase Neighborhood Safety
Increase Sense of Community
• Choose the right team• Involve the residents• Partner with community organizations
Lessons Learned
TeamworkFaculty
Michael Birkes, AIA, Professor of Practice, CHED CoordinatorShawn Schaefer, Urban DesignShowa Omabegho, Ph.D., Regional and City PlanningKen Randall, Ph.D., Physical TherapyMary Williams, Ph.D., Public HealthMia Kile, Hillary Fulton, Hepi Wachter, Ph.D., Interior DesignDave Boeck, AIA, ArchitectureJanette Habashi, Ph.D., Human RelationsNancy Braun, Pharm.D, PharmacyRic Munoz, JD, Julie Miller-Cribbs, Ph.D., Social WorkCecy Brown, Ph.D., Library and Information ScienceMark Fox, MD, Ph.D., Paul Benson, MD, Community MedicineApril Merrill, JD, Alizay Paracha, Project REVIVEApril Schwiekhard, Toni Hoberecht, Lynn Yeager, OU-Tulsa Library
Graduate StudentsAlexis Shahadi, Jason Hainline, Larry Curtis, Meagan Vandecar, Mthabisi Masilela, Glena Wildermuth, Kurt D’Amour, Salma Al Nairab, Michelle Simmons, Aminmahmoud Irani, Paula Thomas, Travis Eslick, Marcae’ Hilton, Jose Villalva, Rebecca Brewster, Jessica Brent, Laura Mauck, Nha Huynh, Liz Amos, Amanda Yamaguchi, Megan Donald, Andy Taylor, Kendall Craft, Lacey Howard, Emily Reed, Kate Wallace, Kolton Barnes, Mike Detter, Kristi Kmetz, Nathan Foster, Curtis Blevins, Ashtin Hoverman, Jessica Shelton, Maryam Moradian, Amanda Bentley, Paulina Baeza
TeamworkCommunity Partners
George Mann, Ph.D., Joe McGraw, Texas A+M Center for Health Systems and DesignRichard Jackson, MD, UCLA School of Public HealthJack Rankin , Arthur Kennedy, Skiatook Family ClinicJim Walker, David Grewe, Dejon Knapp, Youth Services of TulsaJan Creveling, Genie Shannon, Site Coordinators, Tulsa Area Community Schools Initiative Joani Dotson, Lynnsey Childress, Pam Raske, Tulsa Health DepartmentKathy Dodd, Ed.D, Elementary School Principals, Union Public SchoolsReverend Ron Robinson, A Third PlaceScott Swearingen, Penni Shelton, Tulsa Farmers’ MarketThomas Boxley, Tisdale ClinicTracie Chandler, Phoenix DistrictDawn Warrick, Martha Schultz, City of TulsaScott Robinson, R.L. Shears CompanyRen Barger, Tulsa HubJames Wagner, INCOG
In Memorium, Sharon Hanson
• Recognition as a University Strategic Organization: CHEDc
• External Research Funding
• Recruit and Hire Staff
• Strengthen and Expand Partnerships
• School of Community Medicine• Tulsa Health Department• Local Governments• Tulsa Area Community Schools Initiative• Hospitals and Clinics
Next Steps
Contact us!We are always looking for ideas, projects, community partners, students and collaborators.
https://www.facebook.com/CHEDstudio
email: [email protected]
urban design studio website:http://tulsagrad.ou.edu/studio