Breeding and post-breeding forest bird community dynamics ...
Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the...
Transcript of Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the...
![Page 1: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements
Kelley Neuhold, Ph.D.—Tech. Services
![Page 2: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
“The most economically relevant trait in beef cattle production is reproductive
performance.” -- J.N. Wiltbank, 1994
![Page 3: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
![Page 4: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Nutrient Consumption Reproductive Consequence• Inadequate Energy Intake • Delayed puberty, suppressed estrus and
ovulation, suppressed libido and spermatozoa production
• Inadequate protein intake • Suppressed estrus, low conception, fetal resorption, premature parturition, weak offspring
• Vitamin A deficiency • Impaired spermatogenesis, anestrous, low conception, abortion, weak offspring, retained placenta
• Phosphorus deficiency • Anestrus, irregular estrus• Selenium deficiency • Retained placenta• Copper deficiency • Depressed reproduction, impaired immune
system, impaired ovarian function
• Zinc deficiency • Reduced spermatogenesis
Table 1. Influence of Inadequate Dietary Nutrient Intake on Reproduction in Beef Cattle (Bearden And Fuquay, 1992)
![Page 5: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Mature Cow’s Requirement2nd
TrimesterLast
TrimesterLactation
CP, % 6.2 7.8 10.2
TDN, % 45.9 52.6 58.7
NEm, Mcal/lb 0.39 0.49 0.59
Ca, % 0.15 0.25 0.3
P, % 0.12 0.16 0.2NRC, 1996
![Page 7: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Young Cow’s Requirement2nd
TrimesterLast
TrimesterLactation
CP, % 6.8 8.6 11.2
TDN, % 50.5 57.9 64.6
NEm, Mcal/lb 0.43 0.54 0.65
Ca, % 0.17 0.28 0.3
P, % 0.12 0.16 0.2NRC, 1996
![Page 9: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
![Page 10: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Target BCS for Rebreeding
• Target BCS was first suggested in 19701
• Literature suggest that ≥5 at calving time to ensure adequate postpartum breeding2
• Cows in BCS 7 to 9 at calving were able to return to estrus with in 60 d no matter BW change pre or post-calving3
1Randel, 19902Dziuk & Bellows, 1983; Richards et al, 19863Whitman, 1975
![Page 11: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
BCS at Calving No. of cows % cycling 60 d % cycling 90 d
Thin (1-4) 272 46 66Moderate (5-6) 364 61 92Good (7-9) 50 91 100
Body Condition at Calving and Return to Estrus After Calving
Adapted from Whitman, 1975
![Page 12: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Effect of BCS at Calving on Postpartum Interval and BCS at Breeding Conception Ratea
Body Condition Score
Post partum interval (d)
Conception Rate (%)
3 (thin) 89 704 (thin) 70 805 (moderate) 59 946 (moderate) 52 1007 (good) 31 100A Adapted from Ken Odde, CSU Department of Animal Science “They are what they eat”
![Page 14: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1-49 50-99 100-199 200+ All
Perc
ent o
f ope
ratio
ns
Herd size
19972008
Use of BCS Tool by Size & Yr
USDA NAHMS
![Page 17: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Energy partitioning by the cow:1.Basal metabolism2.Activity3.Growth4.Energy reserve (basic)5.Pregnancy6.Lactation7.Energy reserve (additional)8.Estrous cycle and pregnancy initiation9.Energy reserve (excess)
Short & Adams, 1988
![Page 19: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Energy• Pregnancy rates are greatly impacted by energy
intake• Inadequate energy intake in the 3rd trimester
can reduce pregnancy even with adequate energy intake post-calving
• Further declines are seen when energy intake is inadequate in both periods
• Conception rates of 50-76% with inadequate energy compared to 87-95% when energy intake is adequate
Randel, 1990
![Page 20: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Effect of Dietary Energy on Pregnancy Rates in Suckled Cows and Heifers
Adequate* Inadequate* P Source
Pre-Calving
68 60 <0.05 Dunn et al, 1969
78 60 0.1 Bellows & Short, 1978
Post-Calving
95 50 <0.01 Whiltbank et al, 1962
87 64 <0.01 Dunn et al, 1969
92 76 <0.05 Richards et al, 1986
* % PregnantAdapted From Randel 1990
![Page 21: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
The Current Fad is Fat
![Page 22: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fat Advantages
• Energy dense• Potential reproductive benefits• Improve visual appearance/condition
![Page 23: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fat Disadvantages
• Can depress fiber digestion of high forage diets
• Handling/storage, etc.• Delivering the fat to the cow’s mouth• Can depress overall intake
![Page 24: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
How much fat/oil can be added to a high forage diet and not decrease
fiber digestion??????
![Page 25: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
ADDED Fat levels, forage intake and digest
• Hess, et al., 2008--Optimal inclusion levels• Maintain forage digestibility, but fat may
replace some forage– 3% of dietary dry matter or less– May decrease forage intake slightly, but still
increase total dietary energy• Maintain forage digestibility and intake
– 2% of dietary dry matter or less– No change on forage intake
![Page 26: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Jenkins, 1987, Mixed Grass Hay incubated with increasing corn oil
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
0% Corn Oil 2% Corn Oil 4% Corn Oil 6% Corn Oil 8% Corn Oil 10% Corn Oil
48 Hr In Vitro Fiber Digestibility, %48 Hr In Vitro Fiber Digestibility, %
Supports Hess, somewhere between 2-4% added fat starts to depress fiber digestion
![Page 27: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Compared corn vs corn oil as energy
• Whitney, et al., 2000—In Vitro data & fed heifers
• Brome Hay @ 9.2% protein was the base• Equal dietary Protein concentration• Equal dietary Energy concentration
– Corn alone– Added 3% corn oil replacing part of the corn– Added 6% corn oil replacing almost all the corn
![Page 28: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
In Vitro Diets
% of Dry Matter Brome hay only Corn/ SBM
Corn/SBM +3% degummed
Soy oil
Corn/SBM +6% degummed
Soy oil
Brome hay 100 72.3 77.4 81.0
Cracked Corn 18.6 11.9 4
Soybean Meal 5.7 6.3 7.2
Soybean Oil 3 6.2
CP 9.2 11.2 11.2 11.0
ME, Mcal/lb 1 1.09 1.09 1.14
Whitney et al., 2000
![Page 29: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
In Vitro digestibility
60.468.1 66.1
61.1
24.131
34.829.3
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Brome Hay Alone Corn/SBM Corn/SBM+3%degummed soyoil
Corn/SBM+6%degummed soyoil
In Vitro Digestibility, % 24-hr Dry matter disappearance, %
Whitney et al., 2000
*Based on NRC, ‘96 TDN values, the Corn/SBM diet is estimated to be 7.7% more digestible than the brome alone or 65.1%
![Page 30: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Feed intake of Heifers in Exp 2 & 3soy oil replaced corn on equal energy basis
Dry basis Corn/ SBM
Corn/SBM +3% degummed
Soy oil
Corn/SBM +6% degummed
Soy oil
Brome hay, lb/hd/d 14.9 14.6 14.5
Cracked Corn, lb/hd/d 3.8 2.3 0.7
Soybean Meal, lb/hd/d 0.18 1.3 1.4
Soybean Oil, lb/hd/d 0.6 1.2
Mineral supp 0.30 0.29 0.29
Total Av. DMI, lb/hd/d 20.2 19.0 18.0
CP 11.2 11.2 11.0
ME, Mcal/lb 1.09 1.09 1.14
Total ME intake Mcal/d 22 20.7 20.5
Whitney et al., 2000
![Page 31: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Heifer performance in Exp 2 & 3
Dry basis Corn/ SBM
Corn/SBM +3% degummed
Soy oil
Corn/SBM +6% degummed
Soy oil
Heifer ADG, lb/hd/d Exp 2 1.78 2.0 1.74
Feed efficiency,lb feed/lb gain Exp 2
9.9 8.6 9.4
Exp 2 repro
% pregnant 91.7 90.9 100
% bred AI 67 50 50
Days preg@ preg check 89.4 92.1 89.0
Exp 3 repro
% pregnant 92.9 100 92.9
% bred AI 65 73 54
Days preg @ preg check 93.3 104.6 93.8
Whitney et al., 2000
![Page 32: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• Adding 3% corn oil replacing corn maintained or tended to improve the performance of the heifers
• Similar to the in vitro trends, adding 6% corn oil may have suppressed fiber digestion decreasing the energy delivered
Whitney et al., 2000
![Page 33: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
IMPORTANT: On low quality forages, protein in many cases is first limiting
• Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance
• 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses fiber digestion
• Fat can have positive effects on Reproduction– Females may see a fat effect but source and amount
of fat are important• Linoleic (Safflower)
– Tends to be energy effect rather than a fat effect
![Page 34: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Protein• Pregnancy rates can also be greatly impacted
by protein intake• Both pre and post-calving inadequate protein
intake can lower pregnancy rates• Sasser et al. (1989) found pregnancy rates
reduces from 74% to 32% with inadequate protein intake on isocaloric diets
Randel, 1990
![Page 35: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Effect of Dietary Protein on Pregnancy Rates in Suckled Cows and Heifers
Adequate* Inadequate* P SourcePre-Calving
84 12 <0.01 Garmendia et al, 1969
58 21 <0.02 Mobley et al, 1983
88 56 <0.11 Fleck & Lusby, 1986
Post-Calving91 71 <0.01 Kropp et al, 1983
95 80 <0.01 Hancock et al, 1985
92 76 <0.05 Rakestraw et al, 1986
* % PregnantAdapted From Randel 1990
![Page 36: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
When supplementing low quality forages <8% protein, what happens
to forage intake?????
![Page 37: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Forage dry matter intake relative to forage crude protein concentrationSource: Adapted from Moore and Kunkle, 1995.
![Page 38: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
The impact of a small amount (1.8 lbs) of protein supplement on forage intake by
cowsItem No
suppl. + Suppl.%
change
Forage protein content,%TDN of forage, %Supplement protein, %Forage intake, lbsTotal intakeProtein in diet, %TDN in diet, lbs
545-
161657
5454221238
11
+30+41
+49
Montana Beef Network
![Page 39: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
What happens to forage digestibility when supplementing a low quality
(<8% protein) forage???
![Page 40: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
DelCurto et al., 1990a532 lb. steers-fed prairie hay
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dietary % CP Forage intake Total intake DMdigestibility, %
No supp13% CP Supp26% CP Supp39% CP Supp
Supplements fed @ 2.14 lb/hd/d
![Page 41: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
At what forage quality level do we lose the improvement in fiber
digestion?????
![Page 42: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
DelCurto et al., 1990a532 lb. steers-fed prairie hay
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Dietary % CP Forage intake Total intake DMdigestibility, %
No supp13% CP Supp26% CP Supp39% CP Supp
Supplements fed @ 2.14 lb/hd/d
![Page 43: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Cow Nutrition Effects Calf Performance
• Research suggest that cows with adequate nutrition cycle earlier and conceive sooner then cows with inadequate nutrition
• Cows that conceive earlier calve earlier!• Typically age is the great determinate of calf
weight– i.e. calves that are older weigh more
![Page 44: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Funston et al., 2012
![Page 45: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
*
*Conceived 10 days later. French et al, 2012
![Page 46: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Take Home• Nutrition and reproduction are highly related• Inadequate protein and energy pre and/or
post-calving can increase postpartum interval and reduce conception rates on first cycle
• Older calves weigh more• 11/21/13 528 lb steers brought $1.91/lb
– $1008.48
![Page 47: Re-Breeding Nutritional Requirements€¦ · • Need a Protein, fat, mineral supplement for the greatest potential for improved performance • 3.5 to 4% of diet DM as fat depresses](https://reader033.fdocuments.net/reader033/viewer/2022050406/5f834d4403b755170f3b8aa6/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Questions?