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TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON REDUCTION FROM SLUDGE OIL

BY PETROPHILIC BACTERIA IN A SLURRY-PHASE REACTOR _Yohanes Fred Paristua Nadapdap

1)and Edwan Kardena

2)

Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,

Bandung Institute of technology, Ganesha street no. 10 Bandung 40132

1) hnz_ndp@yahoo.com, 2) kardena@pusat.itb.ac.id

INTRODUCTION

Petroleum is the result from natural process in the

form hydrocarbon that in atmosphere pressure andtemperature in form as liquid phase or solid phase,

include asphalt, wax, mineral, or ozokerit and bitumen

that result from mining process, but not include or

another hydrocarbon sediments in solid form thatsresult from activity that unrelated to business activity

and petroleum. (Kepmen LH no. 128, year 2003)

Petroleum production result the pollution with higquantity to environment and it unable to accept the

impact from this phenomenon. To answer this

phenomenon, its important to handling the residualthats result from petroleum production for decrease the

impact for environment.Treatment that happen awile for petroleum residual

oil in biological process is with bioremidiation process.

Bioremidiation is biological process manipullation thathappen for spesific microorganism who can do

mineralization process for contaminant in some area

(Thomas et al, 1992). Degradation that we want is amineralization process to result CO2 and H2O. Released

of these element to environment will give lower

responsibility than before degradation done.

Bioremidiation is the process with bacteria

exploitation that have an abillity to separate thearomatic subtances until degradation process can go

faster. Bioremidiation need spesific microorganism who

can degradated matters in crude oil (Cookson, 1995)

Sludge oil, as one of high volume petroleumresidual oil, need oil treatment in order to decrease the

resposibillity for environmental. That for, we must do

the pre-treatment oil before do bioremidiation. One ofalternatife that we can use is slurry-phase bioreactor. On

this reactor, microbe that have an abilitty to separate

petroleum conscience in sludge oil. That was caused

hydrocarbon conscience in sludge oil decreasing

because of mineralization as CO2 and H2O.

METHODOLOGYThe methodologies that used in this final assignment is :

o Laboratory analysiskind of tests Methods

First

Condition

test

TPH Grvitimetric

C-organic ekstractionpH Elektrode-

potensiometry

Ph meter

Petrophilic

Bactria

Impact

Test

TPH Grvitimetric

pH Elektrode-

potensiometri

Ph meter

microorganisme Total PlateCount

o Data analysisData analysis that will be doing are with analyze

the data from laboratory analysis for find the

optimal reactor for petrophilic bacteria activities

to do degradation petroleum substace in sludgeoil.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Slurry-phase bioreactor which used in this research

was reactor that had been used by Leli Fitriani for her

research at 2005 with some modification.

Figure 1. Slurry-Phase BioreactorSpesification:

1. Impeller : - 5 impeller

- 7cm length of blade

- rotation speed 80 rpm

2. Reactor tubes : - 5 tubes

- diametre : 12 cm

- 1cm under the blade

TPH Content Degradation of Sludgse Oil

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Day

TPH (Microb

Content

10 %

Microb

Content

20 %

Figure 2. TPH Content Degradation of Oil Sludge

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Analyzation was do with 2 tubes for compare

petrophilic bacteria activity in degradation of Total

Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) in sludge oil with

bacteria injection variation volume 10 % and 20% from

200 gram sludge oil and then will give 100 gram

addittion sludge on 16th

day.

Graphic in Figure 2. Explain comparation activity

petrophilik bacteria in 1st and 2nd tube to reduce TPH in

sludge oil. From this figure, can be known that bacteria

adaptation abillity in 1st

tube go faster than 2nd

tube. But,

data result from TPH test for 2nd

tube still acceptable.

Data result for 1st tube cant be used because of high

fluctuation of result and its be hard to analyze.

In those tubes, petrophilic bacteria can not yet do

optimal degradation. The lowest point for these tests is

TPH 25,648%. This point so far with bioremidiation

limits, 15%. This is because of high load of pollutant in

this sludge oil, and it makes these bacteria hard to

adaptation with substrate. Moreover high load of

pollutant, then so much long chain carbon cinsience

there, then efficiency of degradarion get low (Cookson,1995). To rich TPH 15 %, then needed more time for

petrophilic bacteria to adaptation of substrat and can do

the increase oil sludge dissolve with additing water to

reduce load of polluttant.

The Influence of tubes reactor environmental acidity

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Day

pH

Microbe

content

10 %

Microbecontent

20 %

Figure 3. Reactor environmental acidity

Figure 3 show that after additing water, the value of

pH get increase. Additing water have to do for additing

mineral asa substance that microorganisme need and to

manage value of pH in order to save the live of

microorganism.

Figure 3 also show about bacteria activity in thesetubes. At 14th day, 2nd tubes have value of pH lower than

1st tubes. This acid get from metabolism of

microorganism. Microorganism has an abillity to used

organic subtance from petrolum oil. Petroleum oil

degradation will result CO2, water, microorganism

biomass, andside result in form simple subtances

(Leisinger, 1981). Biomass and essence subtances that

result from this activity have acid character. From that

theory, we can know that activity that microorganisme in

2nd tubes higher than 1st tubes, so result more secretion

subtances.

For those things, control of pH must do continously

in the way to manage pH of substrate was in range of

microorganism live.

TPC Test For Bacterial Growth

Figure 4. TPC Test Result

Bacteria growth test with TPC method didnt go in

the right way, because there is only one petry plate that

rise the bacteria from much test. This is because of water

hard to take the bacteria from sludge oil. For that, to take

the bacteria from oil sludge, water need to be exchange

with sterilized biosurfactant. Surfactant goal is to

increase the use of bio-availability compound pollutant

that has a high solid content so that it can make them

more soluble or solvent to the media (Crowford, 1996).

CONCLUSION AND REPORT

From this research we can conclude that :

1. Biodegradation can do by petrophilic bacteriawith slurry-phase bioreactor.

2. Microorganism needs time for adaptation topolluted condition that infected them.

3. pH, nutrition, and pollutant load impact tomicroorganism activity in contaminantdegradation.

4. Slurry phase bioreactor can not yet tooptimalize of petrophilic bacteria activity.

5. Data result from 2nd tube better than 1st tubeand can be analized.

REFERENCEAbbas, P. (2006), bioremidiasi Tanah Tercemar

Petroleum Hidrocarbon dengan Penambahan

Surfactan. Thesis of Magister Program, Bandung

Institute of Technology

Crawford R.L. and Crawford D.L., (1996),

Bioremidiation : Principles and Application,Cambridge Universitu Press, British, 1-10, 47, 109-

113

Leisenger (1981). Microbial degradation of xenobiotic

and recalcitrant compound. Academi Press, London.

Thomas, J. M., Ward C. H., Raymond R. L., Wilson J.

T., dan Loehr R. C. (1992) Encyclopedia of

microbiology. Vol. 1. Academic Press inc.