DUST ABATEMENT PROGRAMDUST ABATEMENT PROGRAM

R d D T iR d D T iRoad Dust TestingRoad Dust TestingDouglas, AZDouglas, AZ

FY 04FY 04FY 04FY 04

SPONSORED BYSPONSORED BYSPONSORED BY:SPONSORED BY:U.S. MARINE CORPS SYSTEMS COMMANDU.S. MARINE CORPS SYSTEMS COMMAND

Demonstration of Application TechnologiesDemonstration of Application TechnologiesSUSTAINMENT PALLIATIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM SUSTAINMENT PALLIATIVE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Douglas, AZ, April Douglas, AZ, April -- 20042004100’

y

500’ 500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’100’ 100’ 210’ 100’875’ 100’100’ 100’100’

y

500’ 500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’100’ 100’ 210’ 100’875’ 100’100’ 100’

Item 1Item 1 Item 2Item 2 Item 3Item 3 Item 8Item 8

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UntreatedUntreatedControlControl

Topical w/Topical w/PrewetPrewet

Topical Topical w/ow/o

PrewetPrewet

WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade

WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade

CompactCompact

SpraySprayWindrowWindrow

GradeGradeCompactCompact

SpraySprayTillTill

GradeGradeCompactCompact

TillTillSpraySprayGradeGrade

TillTillCompactCompact

TillTillSpraySprayTillTill

CompactCompactSpraySpray

SpraySprayTillTill

CompactCompactSpraySpray

Item 1Item 1 Item 2Item 2 Item 3Item 3 Item 8Item 8

20’

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UntreatedUntreatedControlControl

Topical w/Topical w/PrewetPrewet

Topical Topical w/ow/o

PrewetPrewet

WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade

WindrowWindrowSpraySprayGradeGrade

CompactCompact

SpraySprayWindrowWindrow

GradeGradeCompactCompact

SpraySprayTillTill

GradeGradeCompactCompact

TillTillSpraySprayGradeGrade

TillTillCompactCompact

TillTillSpraySprayTillTill

CompactCompactSpraySpray

SpraySprayTillTill

CompactCompactSpraySpray

CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLANCONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLAN

100’500’ 500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’

100’ 100’ 308’ 622’265’ 140’100’ 100’1170’

CONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLANCONSTRUCTION PROCESSES PLAN

100’500’ 500’ 500’500’ 500’500’500’ 500’500’ 500’

100’ 100’ 308’ 622’265’ 140’100’ 100’1170’

Item 11Item 11 Item 12Item 12 Item 13Item 13 Item 18Item 18

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12 lb/900 gal12 lb/900 gal0.8 0.8 gsygsy

20’3:13:1

0.80.8 gsygsy3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy

NRLNRL3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy0.75:10.75:10.8 0.8 gsygsy

3:13:10.8 0.8 gsygsy

20 lb/900gal20 lb/900gal0.8 0.8 gsygsy

3:13:10.8 0.8 gsygsy

SoiltacSoiltac3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy

Item 11Item 11 Item 12Item 12 Item 13Item 13 Item 18Item 18

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12 lb/900 gal12 lb/900 gal0.8 0.8 gsygsy

20’3:13:1

0.80.8 gsygsy3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy

NRLNRL3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy0.75:10.75:10.8 0.8 gsygsy

3:13:10.8 0.8 gsygsy

20 lb/900gal20 lb/900gal0.8 0.8 gsygsy

3:13:10.8 0.8 gsygsy

SoiltacSoiltac3:13:1

0.8 0.8 gsygsy

PALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLANPALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLANItem 21Item 21 Item 22Item 22

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500’ 500’

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Item 24Item 24

386’ 100’500’

PALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLANPALLIATIVE EVALUATION PLANItem 21Item 21 Item 22Item 22

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500’ 500’

Item 23Item 23

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Item 24Item 24

386’ 100’500’

Not To ScaleNot To ScaleTra

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“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy

“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy

Tra

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ControlControlwaterwater0.8 0.8 gsygsyT

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1:11:10.3 0.3 gsygsy

Not To ScaleNot To ScaleTra

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“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy

“Neat”“Neat”0.8 0.8 gsygsy

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ControlControlwaterwater0.8 0.8 gsygsyT

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1:11:10.3 0.3 gsygsy

General Road ConditionGeneral Road Condition

Condition during ConstructionCondition during ConstructionMarch 2004March 2004

Condition during reconCondition during reconin March 2004in March 2004

Silty Gravel SurfaceSilty Gravel Surface

All sections were freshly graded prior to construction and product applicationAll sections were freshly graded prior to construction and product applicationAll sections were freshly graded prior to construction and product applicationAll sections were freshly graded prior to construction and product application

Site LayoutSite Layout

••500 ft x 20 ft test sections500 ft x 20 ft test sections

••Marked with traffic delineators Marked with traffic delineators

••Untreated transition areas Untreated transition areas separating sectionsseparating sections

Evaluation of Construction ProceduresEvaluation of Construction ProceduresSection Palliative Manpower Time (min)Method

1 Water 4 602 4 1803 4 1054 4 42

Spray/CompactPrewet/Spray/CompactSpray/CompactWindrow/Spray/Grade4 4 42

5 5 486 5 487 6 788 6 136

Windrow/Spray/GradeWindrow/Spray/Grade/CompactSpray/Windrow/Grade/CompactSpray/Till/Grade/CompactTill/Spray/Grade/Till/Compact8 6 136

9 5 12510 5 46

4 to 6 42 to 180Range of Values:

Till/Spray/Grade/Till/CompactTill/Spray/Till/Compact/SpraySpray/Till/Compact/Spray

Topical ApplicationsTopical Applications

••Surface peelingSurface peeling

••High concentration ofHigh concentration of••High concentration of High concentration of product on surfaceproduct on surface

••Product runoffProduct runoffProduct runoffProduct runoff

Windrowing with Motor GraderWindrowing with Motor Grader

••Product does not penetrate core of Product does not penetrate core of windrowwindrow

••Difficult to achieve uniform Difficult to achieve uniform distributiondistribution

Fi l d f il di t b dFi l d f il di t b d••Final road surface easily disturbedFinal road surface easily disturbed

Tilling with Rotary MixerTilling with Rotary Mixer

••More even product dispersionMore even product dispersion••More even product dispersionMore even product dispersion

••Unnecessary to till before spraying surfaceUnnecessary to till before spraying surface

••Grading can expose untreated areasGrading can expose untreated areas

••Excess surface moisture can lead to peeling Excess surface moisture can lead to peeling d i tid i tiduring compactionduring compaction

Recommended Construction ProcessRecommended Construction Process

••Spray half of product onto surfaceSpray half of product onto surface••Spray half of product onto surfaceSpray half of product onto surface

••Immediately till to a depth of 3 in. Immediately till to a depth of 3 in. with a rotary mixerwith a rotary mixerwith a rotary mixerwith a rotary mixer

••Follow with compactorFollow with compactor

S i i d tS i i d t••Spray remaining product Spray remaining product

Dust PalliativesDust PalliativesProductSection Dilution Application CompanyContact

11 12 lb/900 gal 0.8 gsy12 20 lb/900gal 0.8 gsy13 NRL Dr. James Wynne NRL 3:1 0.8 gsy14 0.75:1 0.8 gsy

ProductSectionRatio Rate

CompanyContact

14 0.75:1 0.8 gsy15 3:1 0.8 gsy16 3:1 0.8 gsy17 3:1 0.8 gsy18 3:1 0.8 gsy19 SoilTac Chad Falkenberg Soilworks LLC 3:1 0 8 gsy19 SoilTac Chad Falkenberg Soilworks, LLC. 3:1 0.8 gsy20 3:1 0.8 gsy21 Neat 0.8 gsy22 Neat 0.8 gsy23 1:1 0.3 gsy24 Water - 0.8 gsy

••Powdered polyacrylamidePowdered polyacrylamide

••12 lbs in 900 gal water12 lbs in 900 gal water

••Viscosity too high to spray through Viscosity too high to spray through distribution bardistribution bar

••Powdered guar gumPowdered guar gum••Powdered guar gumPowdered guar gum

••20 lbs in 900 gal water20 lbs in 900 gal water

••Product did not completely dissolveProduct did not completely dissolve

••Small balls clogged spray nozzles Small balls clogged spray nozzles d i li tid i li tiduring applicationduring application

••Acrylic polymer emulsionAcrylic polymer emulsion••Acrylic polymer emulsionAcrylic polymer emulsion

••Foam began overflowing hydroseeder Foam began overflowing hydroseeder when tank was approximately half fullwhen tank was approximately half fullwhen tank was approximately half fullwhen tank was approximately half full

••Problem may be reduced by adding Problem may be reduced by adding emulsion lastemulsion last

••Synthetic oilSynthetic oil--based productbased product

••Viscosity too high to spray Viscosity too high to spray with distribution barwith distribution bar

••Slow setting cationic asphalt emulsionSlow setting cationic asphalt emulsion••Slow setting cationic asphalt emulsionSlow setting cationic asphalt emulsion

••Section preSection pre--wet prior to applicationwet prior to application

••Product delivered in heated tanker and applied Product delivered in heated tanker and applied with distribution barwith distribution bar

N ti f d tiN ti f d ti••No compaction performed on sectionNo compaction performed on section

Midwest Research Institute Data CollectionMidwest Research Institute Data Collection

S f h d ll iS f h d ll i••State of the art dust collection State of the art dust collection systemsystem

••Remote controlledRemote controlled••Remote controlled Remote controlled

••25 mph travel speed25 mph travel speed

••Universal mounting systemUniversal mounting system

MRI Dust Collection ResultsMRI Dust Collection Results

25

30

000

ft) Day 1 Day 30

15

20

ecte

d (m

g/10

Day 60

5

10

Dus

t Col

le

0

NR

L

oilT

ac

ontr

ol

So Co

Product

ERDC Data CollectionERDC Data Collection

••Stationary dust collectors positioned on theStationary dust collectors positioned on the••Stationary dust collectors positioned on the Stationary dust collectors positioned on the downwind side of test sectiondownwind side of test section

••Ten passes with test vehicle traveling at 30Ten passes with test vehicle traveling at 30Ten passes with test vehicle traveling at 30 Ten passes with test vehicle traveling at 30 mphmph

••InIn--situ soil property measurementssitu soil property measurementsp p yp p y

ERDC Dust Collection Results ERDC Dust Collection Results

0.350.4

ram

s)

Day 1

0.20.25

0.3

olle

cted

(gr

Day 30

Day 60

0.050.1

0.15

Dus

t Co

0

NR

L

SoilT

ac

Con

trol

S C

Product

ERDC Visual Observation RatingERDC Visual Observation Rating

10

Day 1 Day 30 Day 60

6

8

l Rat

ing

2

4

Visu

a

0

NR

L

Tac

trol

N

SoilT

Con

t

ProductProduct

Distribution barDistribution bar -- limited to 10gpm nozzles Applied atlimited to 10gpm nozzles Applied at

Preliminary ConclusionsPreliminary Conclusions

Distribution bar Distribution bar limited to 10gpm nozzles. Applied at limited to 10gpm nozzles. Applied at idle speed, low range. Increased size will improve operation. idle speed, low range. Increased size will improve operation. Uniform application rate obtained.Uniform application rate obtained.

Product buildProduct build--up on hydroseeder engine due to overup on hydroseeder engine due to over--spray/misting during application.spray/misting during application.

Adequate mixing could not be achieved using motor Adequate mixing could not be achieved using motor grader.grader.

Compaction was necessary for optimum performance but Compaction was necessary for optimum performance but caused problems with wet surfaces.caused problems with wet surfaces.

R t till id d t i t d t tR t till id d t i t d t tRotary tiller provided means to incorporate product to Rotary tiller provided means to incorporate product to desired depth.desired depth.

Final surface application after compaction providedFinal surface application after compaction providedFinal surface application after compaction provided Final surface application after compaction provided sealed wearing surface.sealed wearing surface.

Preliminary ConclusionsPreliminary Conclusions

Water soluble polymers are limited to low concentrations Water soluble polymers are limited to low concentrations due to large viscosity increase.due to large viscosity increase.

Starch/sugar and chloride salt based products are Starch/sugar and chloride salt based products are performing good. performing good.

Li lf t d t id d littl il h i dLi lf t d t id d littl il h i dLignosulfonate products provided little soil cohesion and Lignosulfonate products provided little soil cohesion and are performing good to fair for dust abatement.are performing good to fair for dust abatement.

Oil based products provided little soil cohesion howeverOil based products provided little soil cohesion howeverOil based products provided little soil cohesion however Oil based products provided little soil cohesion however are performing well in preventing dust.are performing well in preventing dust.

Polymer emulsions show increased strength of surfacePolymer emulsions show increased strength of surfacePolymer emulsions show increased strength of surface Polymer emulsions show increased strength of surface and are performing from excellent to good for dust and are performing from excellent to good for dust abatement.abatement.

Evaluation of HMMWV Distribution SystemEvaluation of HMMWV Distribution System

E ll f i ili iE ll f i ili i

Evaluation of HMMWV Distribution SystemEvaluation of HMMWV Distribution System

••Excellent system for use in military operationsExcellent system for use in military operations

••System provided uniform distribution of material from a System provided uniform distribution of material from a compact usercompact user friendly machinefriendly machinecompact, usercompact, user--friendly machinefriendly machine

••Recommendations were made to the manufacturer for changes Recommendations were made to the manufacturer for changes that would enhance the performance for needed applicationsthat would enhance the performance for needed applicationsthat would enhance the performance for needed applicationsthat would enhance the performance for needed applications

••Some changes include:Some changes include:

N i t lN i t lNoise controlNoise control

Throttle adjustmentThrottle adjustment Larger fuel tankLarger fuel tank

Recirculation/agitation in tankRecirculation/agitation in tankPressure controlPressure control

Increased flow rateIncreased flow rate

Recirculation/agitation in tankRecirculation/agitation in tank

Anchor points to HMMWVAnchor points to HMMWV

Detailed operators manualDetailed operators manual