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Transcript of Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor ([email protected]) Robert Poirier, TA ([email protected]) School of...
![Page 1: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Rasters
Steve Signell, Instructor ([email protected])Robert Poirier, TA ([email protected])
School of ScienceRensselaer Polytechnic Institute
Monday, February 2, 2014
GIS in the SciencesERTH 4750 (38031)
![Page 2: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Rasters
![Page 3: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Rasters
• Rasters are tesselations• A tessellation is a partition of space into mutually
exclusive cells that together make up the complete study area
• There are two groups of tessellations:– Regular tessellations, the cells are the same shape and
size– Irregular tessellations, the cells vary in shape and size
![Page 4: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Regular tessellations
• All regular tessellations have in common that the cells are of the same shape and size, and the field attribute value assigned to a cell is associated with the entire area occupied by the cell
Reality
Regulartessellation
![Page 5: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Irregular tesselations
• Triangulated Irregular Networks (TIN)
• Each plane fitted through three anchor points has a fixed gradient (Slope)
![Page 6: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Raster types
Two major types of raster data:• Continuous• Discrete, or ‘thematic’
National Elevation Dataset (NED) National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD
![Page 7: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Resolution & Scale
• The size of the area that a single raster cell represents is called the raster’s resolution
• Independent of scale
![Page 8: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Resolution & Scale
![Page 9: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Zones & Regions
• Zone: Any two or more cells with the same value belong to the same zone
• Region: Each group of connected cells in a zone is considered a region
![Page 10: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Continuous Rasters
• Digital Elevation Model (DEM)• National Elevation Dataset (NED)
![Page 11: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
National Elevation Dataset
• primary elevation data product of the USGS• Seamless for US and territories• Compiled from contour maps, remote sensing: SRTM,
LiDAR, and more
![Page 12: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
National Elevation Dataset
• USGS contour maps• Resolution: 10-30m• Not emperical• Quality varies by surveyor/map
![Page 13: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
National Elevation Dataset
• Shuttle Radar Terrain Model (SRTM)• Resolution: 30m• Holes
![Page 14: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
National Elevation Dataset
• LiDAR (Lilight, DARradar)• High Resolution (sub cm)• Multiple returns
![Page 15: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
National Elevation Dataset
• Updated regularly to reflect better data, changes in the landscape
![Page 16: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
National Elevation Dataset
Terrain Modeling
![Page 17: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
National Land Cover Dataset
Land Classification
![Page 18: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
National Land Cover Dataset
• NLCD derived from Landsat, a series of multi-spectral remote sensing satellites.
![Page 19: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
National Land Cover Dataset
• Landsat 8 & 7• Multispectral
( Infrared- UV)• New data every 8
days• http
://landsat.usgs.gov/gallery.php
![Page 20: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
National Land Cover Dataset
• Every ~ 5-10 years• http://www.mrlc.gov/• http://
landcover-modeling.cr.usgs.gov/index.php
![Page 21: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Questions?
21
5 min break
![Page 22: Rasters Steve Signell, Instructor (signes@rpi.edu) Robert Poirier, TA (poirir@rpi.edu) School of Science Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Monday, February.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062301/5697bfb61a28abf838c9e10a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Part II
22
Demos & details