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RASIONALITAS VLADIMIR PUTIN DALAM KEBIJAKAN INTERVENSI
MILITER DI SURIAH
SKRIPSI
Disusun dan diajukan untuk memenuhi salah satu syarat
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Politik (S.IP) Strata-1
SHERLA NAYA PUTRI
201310360311049
PROGRAM STUDI HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL
FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL ILMU POLITIK
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG
2018
ii
RASIONALITAS VLADIMIR PUTIN DALAM KEBIJAKAN
INTERVENSI MILITER DI SURIAH
Diajukan Oleh :
SHERLA NAYA PUTRI
201310360311049
Telah disetujui
Pada hari / tanggal, Senin/ 26 Maret 2018
Pembimbing I Pembimbing II
Hafid Adim Pradana, MA Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si
Dekan Ketua Program Studi
Ilmu Hubungan Internasional
Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M,Si Syaprin Zahidi, MA
iii
S K R I P S I
Dipersiapkan dan disusun oleh :
Sherla Naya Putri
201310360311049
Telah dipertahankan di depan Dewan Penguji Skripsi
dan dinyatakan
L U L U S
Sebagai salah satu persyaratan untuk memperoleh gelar
Sarjana ( SI ) Ilmu Politik
Pada hari Senin, 26 Maret 2018
Dihadapan Dewan Penguji
Dewan Penguji :
1. Dion Maulana Prasetya, M.Hub.Int ( )
2. Najamuddin Khairur Rijal, M.Hub.Int ( )
3. Hafid Adim Pradana, MA ( )
4. Ruli Inayah Ramadhoan, M.Si ( )
Mengetahui
Dekan Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik
Dr. Rinikso Kartono, M,Si
viii
KATA PENGANTAR
Puji syukur kehadirat Allah SWT atas berkah rahmat, hidayah dan
karunia-Nya yang diberikan kepada penulis sehingga penulis dapat menyelesaikan
skripsi ini dengan judul “Rasionalitas Vladimir Putin dalam Kebijakan Intervensi
Militer di Suriah”. Skripsi ini disusun dan diajukan sebagai salah satu syarat
memperoleh gelar Sarjana Ilmu Hubungan Internasional pada Fakultas Ilmu
Sosial dan Ilmu Politik.
Penulis menyadari bahwa dalam penyusunan skripsi ini masih banyak
kekurangan dan jauh dari kesempurnaan, baik karena sumber data dari media
yang beragam maupun kemampuan penulis. Oleh karena itu penulis menerima
segala saran dan kritik yang berguna untuk perbaikan skripsi ini.
Akhir kata penulis berharap agar skripsi ini dapat memberikan banyak
manfat bagi seluruh pembaca.
Malang, 02 Maret 2018
Sherla Naya Putri
xi
DAFTAR ISI
Lembar Cover..........………………………………………………….... i
Lembar Persetujuan....…………………………………………………. ii
Lembar Pengesahan....…………………………………………………. iii
Berita Acara Bimbingan Skripsi.....…………………………………..... iv
Pernyataan Orisinalitas.......…………………………………………..... v
Abstraksi......………………………………………………………….... vi
Abstract........………………………………………………………….... vii
Kata Pengantar..........…………………………………………………... viii
Moto dan Persembahan..........………………………………………….. ix
Daftar Isi.........………………………………………………………….. xi
Daftar Gambar.....……………………………………………………….. xiv
Daftar Tabel.............…………………………………………………..... xv
Daftar Lampiran...................................................................................... xvi
BAB I : Pendahuluan
1.1 Latar Belakang............………………………………..... 1
1.2 Rumusan Masalah.......………………………………….. 8
1.3 Tujuan dan Manfaat Penelitian
1.3.1 Tujuan Penelitian.......…………………………. 9
1.3.2 Manfaat Penelitian.....…………………………. 9
1.4 Penelitian Terdahulu....………………………………… 9
1.5 Kerangka Teori dan Konsep
1.5.1 Teori Rational Choice.............………………... 17
1.6 Metodologi Penelitian..................................................... 23
1.6.1 Variabel Penelitian dan Level Analisa................ 24
1.6.2 Metode dan Tipe Penelitian....…………………. 24
1.6.3 Teknik dan Analisa Data........…………………. 25
1.6.4 Teknik Pengumpulan Data.....…………………. 25
xii
1.6.5 Ruang Lingkup Penelitian......…………………. 25
1.7 Hipotesa........………………………………………….... 26
1.8 Sistematika Penulisan.……………………….....…….... 27
BAB II : Sejarah dan Kompleksitas Konflik Suriah
2.1 Gambaran Umum Konflik Suriah................................... 30
2.1.1 Akar Konflik Suriah
.................................................................................... 31
2.1.2 Pemicu Konflik
Suriah…………………………………….......... 34
2.1.3 Reaksi Pemerintahan Bashar Al Assad
…………………………………………………. 38
2.1.4 Kemunculan Kelompok Oposisi di
Konflik Suriah................................................... 45
2.2 Konflik Suriah Sebagai Pintu Masuk Perebutan
Kuasa Antara Negara Great Power
.......................................................................................... 47
2.3 Keterlibatan Negara-Negara Besar dalam Konflik Suriah
……………………………………………..................... 49
2.3.1 Aliansi Amerika Serikat
…………………………………………………... 50
2.3.2 Aliansi Rusia
…………………………………………………. 51
2.4 Tindakan dan Aksi Rusia dalam Melakukan Intervensi
Militer di Suriah..………………………………………. 54
BAB III: Kalkulasi Keuntungan dan Kerugian Yang Didapatkan Vladimir
Putin Atas Kebijakan Intervensi Militer di Suriah
3.1 Perekonomian Rusia Pada Masa Presiden Vladimir
Putin…………………………………………………… 56
xiii
3.1.1 Keuntungan Atas Kebijakan Intervensi Militer
di Suriah Dalam Faktor Ekonomi
………………………………………………… 62
3.1.2 Kerugian Atas Kebijakan Intervensi Militer
di Suriah Dalam Faktor Ekonomi
………………………………………………….. 75
3.1.3 Dampak Ekonomi Yang Akan Dihadapi
Pemerintahan Vladimir Putin Atas Kebijakan
Intervensi Militer di Rusia
………………………………………………… 78
3.2 Peningkatan Hubungan Diplomatik Antara
Rusia dan Suriah…...………………………………….. 79
3.2.1 Keuntungan Atas Kebijakan Intervensi Militer
di Suriah Dalam Peningkatan Kerjasama
Bilateral………………………………………. 82
3.2.2 Pengaruh dan Dampak Atas Kebijakan
Intervensi Militer di Suriah Bagi Vladimir
Putin dan Bashar Al Assad…………………... 83
BAB IV : Penutup
4.1 Kesimpulan.....………………………………………….. 86
4.2 Saran…..........………………………………………….... 87
Daftar Pustaka..........……………………………………………….... 88
xiv
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1
PDB atau Produk Domestik Bruto Rusia...…………………………… 61
Gambar 3.2
Ekspor Senjata Rusia di Dunia..........…………………………………. 64
Gambar 3.2
Ekspor Senjata Rusia 2000-2015..……………………………..……. 65
Gambar 3.3
Penjualan Senjata Rusia di Timur Tengah dan Afrika Utara
pada tahun 2000-2016...………… …………………………………… 66
Gambar 3.4
Senjata Rusia di Timur Tengah....…………………………………… 67
Gambar 3.5
PDB dan Utang Luar Negeri Rusia.....………………………………….. 76
xv
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.1
Penelitian Terdahulu................................................................................. 15
Tabel 1.8
Sistematika Penulisan.............................................................................. 28
Tabel 3.1
Transaksi Transfer Senjata Buatan Rusia ke Suriah..…………………… 68
xvi
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1 : Penjualan Senjata buatan Rusia.......................................... 100
Lampiran 2 : Ekspor Senjata Rusia ke Timur Tengah
dan Afrika Utara.................................................................... 100
Lampiran 3 : Total ekspor senjata global 2000-2016................................ 101
Lampiran 4 : Pemasok senjata Suriah........................................................ 101
Lampiran 5 : Transfers of major weapons: Deals with deliveries
or orders made for 2011 to 2016........................................ 102
88
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