Ramil Absatdarov SAND CONTROL IN WELLS

«Oil and Gas Horizons» Moscow 2014

Russian State Geological Prospecting University MGRI – RSGPU Faculty of exploration and mining technologies

Department of modern drilling technology

Postgraduate student: Ramil Absatdarov

Report: SAND CONTROL IN WELLS OF

UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE

The purpose and task of the report

SAND CONTROL IN WELLS OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE 2

Introduction - underground gas storage

The Purpose - sand control in wells of underground gas storage

The task - calculation the parameters of the gravel pack for wells of Kasimovskoye UGS (underground gas storage)

Future research work – Gravel Pack in Horizontal Offshore Wells

Conclusion of the report

UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE (UGS)


balancing of peak consumption;

security of supply via the Unified Gas Supply System (UGSS);

reducing peak-loads in the UGSS;

security of gas exports via main pipelines in cases of unforeseen interruptions;

seasonal balancing of gas exports;

additional gas supply in emergency situations (force majeure) and gas deposits for extremely severe winters;

long term / strategic reserves (balancing over years).

Underground gas storage is designed for:

seasonal balancing of domestic consumption;

UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE (UGS)


Types of Underground Gas Storage:

Salt caverns Depleted oil and gas reservoirs

Aquifer Storage

UGS Working Gas Volume by storage types


UGS Working Gas Volume by countries


UGS: number of facilities


UGS Working Gas Volume by operators


UGS distribution worldwide


CAUSES OF SAND PRODUCTION


Sand production occurs when:

- A destabilizing action exceeds or removes the forces, which hold sand grains together;

- The drag force from produced or injected fluids can shear the intergranular cement bonds and destroy the natural arches of unconsolidated sands;

- Unconsolidated fine collector;

- Destruction processes in the reservoir near-wellbore;

- A sharp increase in drawdown during the development and operation of wells.

EFFECTS OF SAND PRODUCTION


Area Problem Effect

Reservoir Wellbore fill - Restricted access to production interval - Loss of productivity - Loss of reserve

Subsurface Equipment

Sand fouling - Difficult wire line operation

Erosion - Equipment replacement - Equipment failure

Surface installation

Sand accumulation

- Malfunctioning of control equipment - Unscheduled shut down

Erosion - Deferred production - Sand separation and disposal

Sand Control Methods


1. Rate Control

2. Non-impairing Completion Techniques

3. Selective Perforating

5. Gravel Packs

6. Frac Packs

4. Screens (without gravel packing) a. Slotted Liner d. Premium Screens b. Wire-wrapped Screens e. Expandable Screens c. Prepacked Screens

7. Chemical Consolidation a. In Situ Formation Consolidation b. Consolidated Gravel

Sand Control Methods:

Sand Control Methods Classification


Mechanical exclusion methods (prevent sand production by filter type retention)

Arch Stabilization (prevent sand production by chemical bonding agent)

Sand Control Methods Classification

- Consolidated Gravel (Filling Perfs Only)

- Screens Alone

- Consolidated Gravel (Filling Perfs & Wellbore)

- Prepacked Screen

- Expandable Screen

- Gravel Packing

- Frac Packing (listed in order of increasing effectiveness and reliability)

Natural Arches - Non-impairing Completion Techniques - Selective Perforating - Rate Control Reinforced Arches - In Situ Chemical Formation Consolidation

Gravel Pack – The Conventional Sand Control Method


Introduction Gravel pack is the most efficient and trusted method of sand control.

Gravel Pack Design

Completion Design for a Gravel Pack

Screen Design

Gravel Slurry design

Gravel Pack Placement

Gravel Pack Design


Gravel Size

0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

100,0

0,0100,1001,000 Sieve Opening, mm

Perc

ent R

etai

ned,

%

Particle Size Distribution D50 = (5~6) d50

Saucier's criterion:

where, D50 is the median gravel diameter d50 is the median formation sand diameter

Cumulative curve

d50

Step 1: plot the formation size distribution

Step 2: determine the 50% intercept grain size

Step 3: gravel size for gravel pack – 6 x d50

Gravel pack permeability is a function of the gravel pack sand diameter (D50) which itself is a function of the formation sand diameter (d50).

Gravel Pack Design


Round - better permeability

Proppant Shape

Gravel Selection

Angular - lower permeability

sand

bauxite

resin-coated proppants

precoated gravel

low density gravel (also called neutrally buoyant)

ceramic media

Completion Design for a Gravel Pack


Two basic types of gravel pack

(a) (b)

a) The inside gravel pack or cased-hole gravel pack (CHGP) b) The external gravel pack or openhole gravel pack (OHGP)


Screen Design Various Screen Types

Regular Applications

a) Non- Staggered Slotted b) Staggered Slotted

c) Gang Slotted Staggered d) Horizontal Slotted

Shape and geometry of different types of slots in a slotted liner

Slotted Liner Wire-wrapped Screen

a) b) c) d)

Screen Design Various Screen Types


Special Applications

a) Dual-Screen Prepack b) Single-Screen Prepack c) Slim-Pak

a) Sintered Metal Screen b) Stratapack Screen c) Excluder Screen

Prepacked Screens Premium screens Expandable

Screens

Expandable Sand Screen

a) b) c) a) b) c)

Gravel Slurry design


1) have adequate gravel suspension to provide a uniform slurry throughout mixing, pumping, and transport downhole

2) have sufficient leak-off to provide gravel compaction in perforation cavities (for cased hole) and screen annulus

3) be non-damaging to formation permeability

A gravel packing fluid must:

Gravel Pack Placement


Top-Down Circulating Pack

3. Top-Down Circulating-Squeeze Pack

Top-Down Squeeze Pack

4. Bottom-Up Circulating Pack

5. Bidirectional Pack

6. Washdown Pack

7. Gravitate Pack

1. 2. 1.

2.

Calculation the parameters of the gravel pack for wells of Kasimovskoye UGS


The Kasimovskoye UGS located near Kasimov city of

the Ryazan region.

Type of UGS: Aquifer Storage

Operation Kasimovskoye UGS began in 1978.

The volume of stored gas: 22 bcm.

Annual selection: 8-9 bcm.


sam

ple

num

ber

labo

rato

ry s

ampl

e nu

mbe

r

fo

rmat

ion

dept

h, m

Content of fraction, %

1- 0

,7 m

m

0,7-

0,5

mm

0,5

- 0,2

5 m

m

0,25

- 0,

1 m

m

0,1

- 0,0

5 m

m

0,05

- 0,

01 m

m

0,01

- 0,

005

mm

0,00

5 - 0

,001

mm

<0, 0

01 m

m

1 655/6 collector 785,27 0,5 1,5 3,5 18,9 67,8 3,4 4,5

2 656/6 collector 786,07 0,1 4,0 5,2 20,6 60,9 3,9 5,2

3 659/6 collector 786,72 0,9 2,5 4,6 13,8 71,2 3,0 4,0


The results of particle size analysis


0,0

10,0

20,0

30,0

40,0

50,0

60,0

70,0

80,0

90,0

100,0

0,0100,1001,000

D50 = 6 · d50

Gravel size:

D50 = 0,474 mm


Sieve Opening, mm

Perc

ent R

etai

ned,

%

Particle Size Distribution

The cumulative particle size distribution curves of formation sand laboratory samples

BS EN ISO 13503-2:2006+A1:2009 API Recommended Practice 58 (RP58) (1986)

d50 = 0,079 mm Slot width of screen:

0,3 mm


Future research work – Gravel Pack in Horizontal Offshore Wells

Key issues in project planning and execution openhole horizontal gravel packs:

Reservoir study

Shale stability study

Formation integrity test

Gravel pack sand sizing

Gravel pack screen

Workstring design

Well displacement

Fluid loss control


Conclusion of the report

Openhole Gravel Pack

Screen GP sand Formation • GP sand is (by design) 5-6 times larger

than formation sand d50.

• GP’ing does not alterscreen behavior.

• GP’ing will arrestannular flow, i.e.

transport of moveable material.

• GP screen must allowproduction of

fines, otherwise completion will plug.

• Pore throat of most GP sands will

restrictproduction of fines.

• GP’ing will arrest/trap formation filter

cake on the formation surface.

• GP’ing will not allow formation to

relax/de-stress.

SAND CONTROL IN WELLS OF UNDERGROUND GAS STORAGE

«Oil and Gas Horizons» Moscow 2014

Ramil Absatdarov Postgraduate student at Russian State Geological Prospecting University Department of Modern drilling technology Mob.: +7 (964) 777-94-24 E-mail: [email protected]

Ramil Absatdarov SAND CONTROL IN WELLS

Technology

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