PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION

MR.SREEJUKUMAR.RFIRST YEAR M.SC (NURSING)

CHILD HEALTH NURSINGYEAR 2009-2010.

IKON NURSING COLLEGEBHEEMANAHALLI

RAMANAGAR (DIST)B.M.MAIN ROAD, BIDADI

BANGALORERAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES

BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.

SYNOPSIS PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

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1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND

ADDRESS (IN BLOCK LETTER)

MR.SREEJUKUMAR,IKON NURSING COLLEGE

BHEEMANAHALLI RAMANAGAR(DIST)

B.M.MAIN ROAD, BIDADI,BANGALORE.

2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION

IKON NURSINGCOLLEGE BHEEMANAHALLIRAMNAGAR(DIST),

B.M.MAIN ROAD, BIDADI,BANGALORE.

3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT

FIRST YEAR M.SC (NURSING)CHILD HEALTH NURSING

4. DATE OF THE ADMISSION TO THE COURSE

28.09.2009

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC: A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme On Knowledge Regarding The Health Hazards Of Junk Foods Among Adolescent Children (13-15 years) In A Selected School At Bangalore.

6.BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK:

6.1. INTRODUCTION:

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“YOU ARE WHAT YOU EAT, YOU EAT WHAT YOU ARE. IF YOU EAT THE RIGHT STUFF, THEN YOU ‘LL GO FAR…”

POEMS OF INDIA

Healthy nutritious foods have been replaced by the new food mantra “JUNK

FOOD!”, junk food comprises of anything that is quick tasty, convenient and

fashionable. It seems to have engulfed every age, every race and the newest entrance

are children. Children are experiencing so much growth they may always feel hungry.

He or she may come to the dinner table ready to eat anything.

Junk foods are these items such as lollies, soft drinks and carbonated

beverages, potato chips, hot chips, ice creams and hamburgers, fried fast foods

chocolate, ice candy and chewing gums and noodles, etc . Junk foods have too

much saturated fats, salt and sugar leads to obesity, heart disease, dental carries, cancer,

osteoporosis and other health related problems

Healthy and nutritionally sound adolescents reflect the country’s potential

human resource and its future greatly depends on them, India has an edge over many

other countries as its adolescent population Form 22.8% or two thirds of the worlds 230

million adolescent population (census 2001). India is becoming the disease capital of

the world. Our food is a lethal cocktail of highly processed, genetically modified foods,

Filling with chemicals and preservatives and topped with excessive sugar and Salt

bombing our bodies and deadening our brains leading to physical and Psychological

disorders including cancer.11

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Eating right and being physically active are not just a diet or a programme these

are the keys to a healthy life style. The healthful habits you may reduce your risk of

many chronic diseases such as heart disease. In 1905 Wlliam Fletchor discovered that

eating unpolished rice instead of polished helped to prevent the disease beriberi. Many

of the junk foods are high on carbohydrates, low on fiber heavy on fat with little vitamin

contents. 12

The Consumer International urges caution on markets of food to children (16 oct

2009) stated that under the food companies’ markets code children only refer to

children under 12. Older children above 12 years of age who can be greatly influenced by

advertisement of junk food. If adolescents eating habits are unsupervised they tend to

eat faddish or quick snack foods rather than more nutritionally sound ones because

both hungry and peer pressure. More children turn away from five pyramid food groups

to eat great quantities of junk foods.

Junk foods Like ,Ice cream and chocolate bars are addictive because the

mix of ingredients in them activates our “bliss point”, according to Professor David

Kessler, a leading scientist. Snacks, cereals and ready meals can trigger the brain in the

same way as tobacco, according to the former head of America’s food standards

watchdog. Professor Kessler, ex-commissioner of the US Food and Drug Administration

(FDA), claims that manufacturers have created combinations of fat, sugar and salt that

are so tasty many people cannot stop eating them even when full. “The right

combination of tastes triggers a greater number of neurons, getting them to fire more,”

“Many of us have what’s called a ‘bliss point’ – the point at which we get the greatest

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pleasure from sugar, fat or salt. ( Prof Kessler, who ran the FDA from 1990 to 1997 and

is now professor of paediatrics, epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of

California).

According to a National survey of India (2005) at least 30% of adolescents have

dental carries, 17% are overweight the problem is growing literally. Overweight teenagers

are now a very visible urban phenomenon. In Delhi and Chandhigarh, one in every four

teenagers are obese while the study of school children in Chennai shows 18% boys and

16% girls are overweight because of eating habits of unhealthy food items.1

A prospective, observational study was conducted in Karnataka (2003) a

prospective, observational analysis on relationship between consumption of sugar-

sweetened drinks and childhood obesity showed that 30% of children aged 13-16 years are

over weight or in the risk of over weight. This study focuses on the trends in childhood

nutrition over the past few years, such as changes in fast food and soft drink consumption.

This way the study explains the increasing prevalence of over weight in children and

critically addresses the issues contributing to these changes in nutrient intake.29

As people throughout Asia become more affluent towards junk foods which is

having the risk of obesity and other health related problems. About 53% of men and

44% of women are projected to become overweight by 2015 in India due to the

addiction of junk foods. According to a study on school children in Ranga Reddy

District in A.P (India). Prevalence of overweight among urban adolescent school children

was higher (11%) than in their rural counterparts (NNHB2001) This is attributed to the

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eating habits (Junk Foods) and sedentary life style.11

Junk food has become a prominent feature of the diet of children throughout the

world. Junk food pose health risks both because of what they contain and what they

replace in diet. “Say No to Junk Foods! Go Healthy”.

6.2. NEED FOR THE STUDY:

Junk foods are a slang word for the food with limited nutritional value. If junk

foods regularly replace other types of foods in the daily diet, obesity, vitamins and

mineral deficiencies and other health problems will occur.

Global Health Risks, (oct-2009) a new report from the WHO looks at 14

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factors affecting health and identifies the top five global threats to health. Overweight,

heart disease, diabetes and cancers and high blood pressure are caused due to new

eating habits and life style. One - quarter of the 60 million deaths estimated to occur

annually due to these threats. The study shows that in the case of coronary heart

disease, the leading cause of death world wide, eight factors - alcohol consumption, high

blood glucose, tobacco use, high blood pressure, high body mass index, high

cholesterol, low fruit and vegetable intake and physical inactivity - account for over

75% of cases, with most deaths occurring in developing countries

Researchers from Yale’s Rudd (2009) Centre for Food Policy and Obesity

analysed 277 individual cereal varieties across 115 brands and found that cereals marketed

directly to children have 85 per cent more sugar, 65% less fibre, and 60% more sodium

than cereals marketed for adult consumption. The report also found that cereal companies

spend almost $156m a year on advertising to children. Despite the fact that all the 19

cereal brands that were marketed directly to children meet industry’s own standards for ‘

better- for- you foods, none of them meet the nutrition criteria required to advertise to

children in the United Kingdom.2

The study conducted by University of Sao Paulo in Latin America with a

sample of 270 parents whose children attend nurseries, found that foods such as instant

noodles, sugar, fruit juice from concentrate and snacks are being offered to very young

children - even babies under three months old. The researchers produced two tables

showing the frightening amount of sugar, salt and fat present in twelve foods most

frequently offered to children under one year of age by 67% of parents. Of the 100

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manufactured foods most consumed by children under three years, 23 have a high level of

fat. Only 20 were found adequate. Seventy-seven went beyond the recommended salt

level and 98% were found to be expensive when compared to the amount of rice, beans or

milk that could be bought for the same cost.2

Researchers in Central America have now linked the increase in imports of

unhealthy food to a rise in obesity numbers. It came to the conclusion that free trade has

influenced the “nutrition transition” in Central America, which sees low income families

departing from their traditional diets and increasingly eating processed and fast food

(junk food).

Ina Woolcott (2008). AAP, The American Academy of Pediatrics stated that Govt.

Should pass legislation banning junk food commercials on TV shows that target children,

and pediatricians should support a ban, or severe restrictions on unhealthy food ads

appearing in schools. The AAP's policy asks Govt. and the FCC, Federal

Communications Commission, to restrict children's commercial exposure during

children's television programs to 5 or 6 minutes per hour, which means a 50% cut from

the current allowance. Recent studies have highlighted the ever increasing rates of

childhood obesity, and have shown that children are being constantly bombarded by ads

for unhealthy foods and drinks. These advertisements appear on TV, the Internet, video

games, mobile phones, school buses and at schools, thereby encouraging kids to buy

unhealthy products, according to paediatrician Victor Srasburger.3

In US : The Institute of Medicine made a study public last year that found

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children 12 years old and younger who are exposed to food and beverage marketing, often

ask their parents to buy unhealthy, sugary - or artificially sweetened for that matter - high-

calorie foods and drinks. The Authority cant hope to stop the current epidemics of

childhood obesity and diabetes unless legislators enforce bans on advertising junk foods

and sugary drinks to children. Government regulators should NOT continue to allow

corporations to exploit the health of our children for profit.3

They should stand up for the public and put end commercials of junk foods.

According to Arizona State University educational policy researcher Alex Molnar, 83%

of public schools allow corporate advertising on campus, while 2/3 of surveyed schools

reported advertising relationships with junk food and drink companies.

A changing lifestyle has certainly taken a toll on your health but children

are nor far behind, as they too are now bearing the brunt of too much junk food

consumption. Burger, pizzas, noodles, ice creams well if this is what figures in your

child’s daily diet, then there is reason to worry. A study on a sample group of school

children in by Delhi Fort is Hospital found 28% of was obese.6

Ten facts regarding junk foods :

( John Alm, Former President, Coca-Cola Atlanta Journal Constitution, May

5, 2003(US) reported that).

Nine out of 10 schools offer junk food to kids.

One of every five calories in the American diet is liquid.

Researchers calculate that for each additional soda consumed, the risk of obesity

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increases 1.6 times.

The USDA supplies schools with the same commodity foods as prisons

More than 32% of youths are overweight and nearly 74% are unfit.

About 19,000 public schools, 1 in every 5, sell branded food in the cafeteria.

Teenagers' milk consumption decreased by 36% between 1965 and 1996, while

soda consumption increased by more than 200%.

Vending machines are in 43% of elementary schools and 97% of high schools.

Only 29% of adolescents meet the recommended 60 minutes of daily physical

activity.

In 2003, the Centers for Disease Control declared obesity the most important

public health issue in the United States. 8

A study was conducted to determine the association between food habits and obesity

among adolescents residing in and around Ernakulam city (India). A semi-structured pre-

test interview schedule was administered to randomly selected 100 subjects in the age

group of 12-18 years. The food consumption pattern of the sunjects revealed that

prevalence of over weights was (24%) and a habitual skipping of breakfast was (41%),

which in turn could result in, impaired cognitive ability during school hours. High

popularity of junk foods and carbonated beverages was likely to precipitate obesity.30

The researcher has observed when attended a school health camp of adolescent

children were not having adequate knowledge regarding the health hazards of junk foods.

Adolescent children used to ask a lot of questions regarding the junk foods, its health,

hazards. The working experiences of researcher of researcher motivated to conduct the

study to evaluate the effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge

regarding the health hazards of junk foods to adolescent children(13-15 years).

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6.3 REVIEW OF LITERATURE:

The term literature review refers to an extensive and systematic

examination of publications relevant to research project. Before starting any research a

literature review of previous studies and experiences related to the proposed

investigation must be done.

1) Studies related to Changing trends in adolescents eating pattern

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2) Studies related to Promoting factors of junk food.

3) Studies related to Health hazards of junk food

1) STUDIES RELATED TO CHANGING TRENDS IN ADOLECENTS EATING

PATTERN:

A cross sectional study was conducted in USA to describe foods and

beverages consumed at schools in terms of number of serves. The data has been

collected from 1001 children aged 4-12 years. Food and beverage intake was assessed

using a school food checklist. The result of the study showed that 39% of children has

fruit bars, 59% has packed snacks (potato, corn chips) and 26% had chocolates during

their lunch and coffee breaks. Ten percent of children reported using the canteen and

fast foods were the most frequently purchased items. A reduction in energy dense

snacks and the promotion of healthy sandwiches would improve the healthiness of

school lunch.9

A prospective, observational analysis of relationships between

consumption of sugar-sweetened drinks and childhood obesity showed that 30% of

children aged 13-15 years are over weight or in the risk of over weight. This study

focuses on the trends in childhood nutrition over the past few years, such as changes in

fast food and soft drink consumption, this way the study explains the increasing

prevalence of over weight in children and critically addresses the issues contributing to

these changes in nutrient intake.13

A study was conducted to assess meals versus snacks in terms of their

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contributions to total daily energy intake. Meals and snacks were assessed from

contributions to total daily energy intake. Meals and snacks were assessed from seven-

day profile weighted dietary records. The records were obtained from 13-14 year old

adolescents (n+220). The result of the study showed that boys and girls consumed about

the same percentage of their total daily energy intake as snacks (29%). Chocolates,

crisps and fizzy drinks were popular snack foods in the adolescent group. This study

recommended giving more concern relating to snacks with dental carries.16

A National Health and Nutrition Examination survey was conducted in USA

to determine the adolescent’s beverage consumption trends and causes. The sample

consisted of 73, 345 individuals aged 12-16 years. The results of the study showed that,

for this age group sweetened beverage consumption increased and milk consumption

decreased. Over all energy intake from sweetened beverages increased by 85% and was

reduced by 38% for milk, with a 278 total calorie increase. This trend was associated

with increased proportion of adolescents consuming sweetened beverages, and

reduction in milk consumption. This study recommended the beneficial impacts of

reduced soft drink and fruit drink intake. 15

A study to determine the food habits of teenagers and important food sources

of energy was conducted in USA by using one 24- hour recall method. Data was

obtained from 17 teenagers. Foods were categorized into 51 groups and ranked

according to contribution of key nutrients, energy and fiber. The result showed that a

high intake of nutrient – poor foods, particularly high sugar beverages and salty snacks

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among teenagers. 14

A Study to examine trends in beverage consumption and evaluate the

impact of beverage choices on the nutrient intakes of females in the age group of 2-19

years was conducted by using a semi – structured questionnaire. There were 732

females aged 12-19 years in Continuing Survey of Food intakes by Individuals. The

results showed that milk intake decreased by 36% whereas that of sodas and fruit drinks

almost doubled. At the age of 12 Years 78% drank milk and had lowest soda intake.

While at the age of 16 years only 36% consumed milk and drank a high amount of

soda. Those – who did not drink milk had inadequate intake of vitamin A, foliate,

calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. This study indicates nutrition education should be

provided to parents of adolescent children with ideas of ensuring the adequacy of their

children’s calcium intakes. 14

2) STUDIES RELATED TO THE PROMOTING FACTORS OF JUNK FOOD

CONSUMPTION: A study was conducted on urbanization and media propaganda

replaced traditional nutritious snacks by low-quality junk foods. In this study, 16418

adolescents in the age group of 13-17 years were chosen to determine their dietary

intake by a food frequency questionnaire. The results showed that consumption of junk

food during the preceding week was observed in 90.3% and 88.7% of urban and rural

children respectively. Where as conventional snacks were consumed by 34.7% and 28%

of urban and rural children. Weekly frequency of consumption of junk food was higher

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than major food items such as meat and eggs (9Vs3 times weekly). This study indicated

that replacement of conventional snacks with industrial and processed products is

attributable to industrialization and urbanization, increased media coverage and lifestyle

changes in both urban and rural regions. It is recommended that education of the

parents on making wiser choices for children’s snacks as this is a major component of

their diet.17

A study was conducted to investigate the influence of television publicity

on school aged children’s food preferences. A semi-structured interview was applied to

a representative sample of 786 school age children aged 10-14 years, living in

metropolitan Santiago. The result of the study showed that 99% of school aged children

watched television during weekdays and 20% watched more than 3 hours daily. Snack

commercials such as potato chips, chocolates, cookies and ice creams are preferred by

35% of children. Soda commercials are preferred by 33%. This study revealed that

many of adolescents had an unfavorable attitude towards junk foods. This study

indicated that the high percentage of children, watching television and the influence of

commercials in their food preferences, requires and urgent educational strategy to

promote healthy feeding habits.18

A Study was conducted in Minnesota to assess adolescents’ perception

about factors influencing their food choices and eating behaviors. This study included

141 male and female adolescents inn the age group of 12-19 years. A semi – structured

questioning route was used. This study showed that the factors influencing food choices

were taste and appearance of food, time consideration, convenience and parental

influence. Other factors included mood, body image concerns, habit, and cost and

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media influences. Inspite of an awareness of the health consequences of eating junk

foods, adolescents reported eating these foods because of their taste and convenience.

Our society promotes the consumption of foods high in fat and sugar. In addition,

rushed life styles for parents and adolescents, leaves less time for family meals and food

preparation19

A Study was conducted in Chile on increasing consumption of junk food and

snacks in recent years and its association with marketing strategies. The study was

conducted on 400 adolescents in the age group of 13-18 years by using questionnaire

. The Study showed that the availability of junk foods and snacks at low process and

marketing had triggered increased consumption of junk foods. The contribution of

snacks to daily energy intake among children was increased by 30% in 1996. This study

indicated that education about junk food consumption and healthy eating habits in the

family should be strengthened.21

3) REVIEW OF LITERATURE RELATED TO HEALTH HAZARDS CAUSED

DUE TO THE CONSUMPTION OF JUNK FOOODS:

A study on prevalence of sustained hypertension and obesity in urban and

rural school going children was conducted in Ludhiana. A total of 2467 adolescent

school children aged between 11-17 years from urban area and 859 students from rural

area were taken as subjects. Out of 3326 students, 189 were found to have sustained

hypertension in urban area. The prevalence was 6.69% (n+165) and in rural area it was

2.565 (n+24). There were 287 (11.63%) over weight students in urban area and 44

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(4.7%) in rural area. This is possible related to their sedentary life style and

consumption of junk food.22

A double blind cross over study was conducted to determine that caffeine

plays as integral role in the flavor profile of soft drinks, by examining the effect of

caffeine. Study was conducted in an academic research center in USA with 25

adolescents, regular consumers of colas soft drinks. The finding showed that only 8% of

a group of regular cola soft drink consumers could detect the effect of the caffeine

concentration in various soft drinks. The findings showed that only 8% of a group of

regular cola soft drink consumers could detect the effect of the caffeine concentration in

various soft drinks. It was also found that higher the rate of consumption of caffeinated

soft drinks more likely reflect the mood-altering and physical dependence-producing

effect as a central nervous system active drug.23

An article on food and disease showed that drinks that contain phosphorus

(especially colas) could lower the level of calcium in the blood causing osteoporosis.

Soda pop adds unnecessary, non-nutritious calories to the diet leads to over weight.

Obesity increases the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases and cause severe

social and psychological problems. There was a direct relationship between phosphoric

acid present in cola beverages and development of kidney stones. Caffeine present in

soft drinks can cause nervousness, irritability, sleeplessness and headache. Several

additives used in soft drinks cause occasional allergic reactions. High sugar diets may

contribute to heart disease in people who are insuli9n resistant. Artificial sweeteners

like saccharine and aspartame has been linked with urinary bladder cancer.24

An, observational study was conducted on 1,335 boys and girls aged 12 and 15

years, to determine the association between carbonated soft drink consumption and

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bone mineral density in adolescence. This was a cross – sectional observation study in

36 high schools in Northern Island. Usual beverage consumption was assessed by the

diet history method. The result of the study showed that higher intake of carbonated soft

drinks was significantly associated with lower bone mineral density at the heel, but only

in girls. This study also indicated high consumption of carbonated soft drinks during

adolescence might reduce bone mineral density and increase fracture risk.25

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM :

A Study To Evaluate The Effectiveness Of Structured Teaching Programme

On Knowledge Regarding The Health Hazards Of Junk Foods Among Adolescent

Children (13-15 years) In A Selected School At Bangalore.

6.4: OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

1) To assess the level of pretest knowledge regarding the health hazards

of junk foods among adolescent children in selected school.

2) To find the effect of structured teaching programme on the health

hazards of junk foods in terms of gaining knowledge among adolescent

children in selected school.

3) To determine the association between post test knowledge with regard

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to the health hazards of junk foods with their selected demographic

variables of adolescent children in selected school.

6.5: OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

EFFECTIVENESS: It refers to the output of structured teaching programme in terms of

acquiring knowledge among adolescent children as assessed by a structured

questionnaire.

STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME :

It refers to systematically organized teaching strategy regarding knowledge

of health hazards of junk foods which includes the content includes various items of

junk foods, its ingredients, nutritive value and health hazards.

KNOWLEDGE:

It refers to correct response of early adolescent children (13-15 years) to

items in knowledge questionnaire on health hazards of junk foods.

JUNK FOODS:

It refers to the food that is high in salt, sugar or calorie and low in nutritive

value which directly or indirectly poses health hazards. Junk foods are lollies, soft

drinks and carbonated beverages, potato chips, hot chips, ice creams and hamburgers,

fried fast foods , chocolate, ice candy and chewing gums and noodles, etc

HEALTH HAZARDS:

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A material or substance that poses a significant threat or danger to the health

adolescent children (13-15 years).

EVALUATE:

It refers to the assessment of pretest and post test knowledge score of the

subject.

ADOLESCENTS: In this study, it refers to the children whose age is 13 to 15 years.

6.6: ASSUMPITON :

1. Adolescents are the vulnerable group exposed to hazardous effects of

junk food.

2. Adolescents have some knowledge regarding health hazards of Junk foods.

3. Structured teaching programme will help to enhance the knowledge of

adolescents children regarding health hazards of Junk foods.

6.7. HYPOTHESES:

H1. There will be significant difference on knowledge of health hazards

of junk foods after post test score among the subject.

H2. There will be a significant association between selected

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demographic variables and post test knowledge regarding the health hazards of junk foods among adolescent children in selected school.

7. MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The Study is designed to evalvate the effectiveness of structured teaching

Programme on health hazards of Junk foods among adolescents children (13 to 15

Years) at selected school in Bangalore.

7.1: SOURCE OF DATA:

The data will be collected from adolescent children’s (13 to 15 years)

in selected school.

7.2: METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:

The data will collected from the adolescent children (13-15 years) by

Structured knowledge questionnaire regarding health hazards of junk foods.

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i) RESEARCH DESIGN :

Experimental design will be used in the study.

ii) RESEARCH VARIABLES:

1) Dependent variables: knowledge of adolescent children on health hazards of

junk foods.

2) Independent variable: structured teaching program on knowledge regarding

health hazards of junk foods in a selected school at Bangalore.

iii) SETTING:

The study will be conducted in selected school

iv) POPULATION:

Adolescent children’s (13 to 15 years) in selected school will be included

in this study.

v). SAMPLE SIZE :

Based on the objectives of the study 100 samples will be selected for the study.

vi). SAMPLING CRITERIA :

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

1) Adolescent children between the age of 13 to 15 years are participated

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in this study.

2) Adolescent children who are willing to participate in the study.

3) Adolescent those who are studying in VIII, IX and X standards.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

1) Adolescent children who have been exposed to similar teaching

Previously.

2) Adolescent children who are not available during data collection.

vii). SAMPLING TECHNIQUE : Sample will be selected by the method of purposive sampling technique.

viii). TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION :

Tool for the data collection consist of three Section Section A. Demographic Variables which gives base line information obtained

from the adolescent children.

Section B. structured questionnaire to assess the knowledge of adolescent

children regarding health hazards of junk foods

Section C: structured teaching programme on knowledge of adolescent children

(13-15 years) regarding health hazards of junk foods in a selected school at Bangalore.

ix). METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION :

Phase- 1: Assess the existing knowledge of adolescent girls (13-15 years) with

the help of structured questionnaire.

Phase –II: Structured teaching programme will be given to the adolescent girls

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for 45 minutes using flash cards.

Phase-III: After a period of one week level of knowledge will be assessed with

the same group using same questionnaire.

x) METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS:

The investigator will administer the knowledge questionnaire to collected data

from the subjects.

1. Organizes the data in master sheet/computer.

2. Frequencies and percentage of the analysis of demographic

data.

3. Mean, standard deviation and paired‘t’ test to determine the

significance.

4. Chi-square to measure the associate knowledge of adolescent

children (13-15 years) on health hazards of junk foods with

selected demographic variables.

xi) PROJECTED OUT COME :

A Structured teaching programme will improve knowledge of

Adolescent children regarding health hazards of junk foods and they will avoid the

unhealthy eating habits.

7.3: DOES THE STUDY REQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATIONS

INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR

OTHER HUMAN BEING OR ANIMALS? IF SO PLEASE

DESCRIBE BRIEFLY?

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Yes. Structured teaching programme will be administered to the adolescent

children (13-15 years) on health hazards in selected school at Bangalore.

7.4: HAS ETHICAL CLEARANCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION IN CASE OF 7.3

Yes the permission will be obtained from the head master in the selected

school at Bangalore. The investigator will take the informed consent from the sample.

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2. Instituto Brasileiro De Defesa Do Consumidor (IDEC)

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3. http://www fao. org / fcit / nutrition – en. asp (19-11-2009).

4. http:// www. unsystem. org / scn / publications statement /

2006. vacouver. Pdf. (20-11-2009).

5. http : //www. obesity research . org / cgi / content / fll /

15/6/1384 (18-11-2009).

6. http : //www. emeradinsignt.com /10.1108/00070710725536.

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7. http : //www. nutrition explorations. Org/kids/ nutrition –

main. Asp.

8. http : //www. dietitian. Com / junkfood.htm!

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9. SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE

10. REMARKS OF THE GUIDE

11. NAME & DESIGNATION OF11.1 GUIDE

11.2 SIGNATURE

11.3 CO-GUIDE

11.4 SIGNATURE

11.5 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT

29

11.6 SIGNATURE

12. 12.1REMARKS OF THE PRINCIPAL

12.2 SIGNATURE

30