RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES...
Transcript of RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES...
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PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DESSERTATION
SUBMITTED BY:-
MRS. GRACE CHETAN GAIKWAD
1st year M.Sc. (Nursing)
S.J.G .Co-operative hospital Society’s
College of Nursing Ghataprabha.
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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES
KARNATAKA BANGALOREPROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION
1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
AND ADDRESS
Mrs. Grace Chetan Gaikwad
1st Yr. M.Sc.(N)
S. J. G. Co Operative Hospital
Society’s
College of Nursing
Ghataprabha.
2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTION S. J.G. Co. OP. Hospital Society’s
College of Nursing
Ghataprabha.
3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT 1st Yr. M.Sc. Nursing,
Child Health Nursing.
4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE
COURSE
November 2009
5. TITLE OF THE STUDY “A STUDY TO ASSESS THE
KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE
OF SECONDARY SCHOOL
TEACHERS REGARDING
FIRST AID MANAGEMENT OF
SELECTED EMERGENCIES
AMONG SCHOOL CHILDRENS
AT SELECTED SECONDARY
SCHOOLS AT GHATAPRABHA
IN VIEW TO PREPARE
INFORMATION BOOKLET.”
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6 Brief resume of the intended work.
6.1- Introduction:
Timely first aid saves more lives than heroic surgeries!!!
By Dr. Debangshu Dam
The goal of first aid is to save life, prevent an injury or illness from
worsening or to help speedy recovery. First aid and basic life support are so
important that teaching basic first aid should be compulsory in all schools.
As in the school campus majority of pupil including teaching faculty are
available during school timing and children while playing or any other
circumstances are prone to have minor accident. So it is important for school
teacher to know first aid and how to utilize it in proper manner. Without any
delay as a first aid save persons life so it is always better as it is said that
“Preparedness is a key element of first aid”. 1
Accidents happened daily, knowledge of first aid, which constitute life
saving treatment for accident or unexpected illness. So every individual at
every age should always have common knowledge of accident. “First aid” is
like first responder. First aid is initial cares that given to victim arise at a
health care centre. Before medically trained personnel arrived. Or before the
victim arrives at a health care center. It is estimated that 50% of death occurs
within the 1st hour of accident, 30% between 1 hr. and a week. And 20%
occur after 1st week. The “golden hour” and platinum hour highlight the
importance early trauma care Important factor responsible for increasing
secondary injuries and complication are non available of first aid. Delay in
transfer from injury side to a hospital, lack of definitive treatment in first aid
contact. Hospitals, absence of triage and external medico legal problem. 2
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6.2 NEED FOR STUDY
Study conducted by Thomas G. Parker on accident the leading cause
of death among person from 1 year old to 38 yrs his study shows accidents
are one of the leading causes moreover the growing population & expanding
health needs have not been balanced by a proportional increase in number of
doctors nurses & allied health worker .It is not enough to say, “Call the
doctor” a doctor may not be available to come to the scene of the emergency.
First aid training sudden illness or accidental injury in caring for large
number of person caught in natural disaster .there is no greater satisfaction
than that resulting from relieving suffering or saving a life 3.
Schools in India lack adequate infrastructure facilities which can lead
to loss of life. The increasing competition in class has led to high stress level
& consequently. Students are falling pray to physical aliments such as
vertigo & asthma. The child is solely responsibility of the school till the time
he/she is in school & thus ensuring safety not only in the school premises but
also in the school buses.
Geetanjali Kumar, a CBSE helpline counselor says, “children are
vulnerable to injuries & accidents, usually one comes a across minor bruises
but at times. Children may face severe accidents resulting in fractures,
bleeding suffocation, fainting, acid burns or even drowning, & thus first aid
become all the more important as taking a child to a medical facility takes
some time.’’
According to Jitendra Nagpal, a consultant psychiatrist with vimhans &
coordinator, child development & adolescent health care , every teacher
should be equipped with first aid techniques so that he/se can handle basic
emergencies in the classroom.
Satish Bharadwaj, director, Goodman’s rescue, a medical assistance
company providing road & air ambulance services round the clock, say, it is
like disaster management in medication& every teacher need to be well
trained. He adds, “School should ideally tie up with closest hospitals to
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provide ambulances & other medical facilities in case of emergencies”. On
the role of schools in emergency preparedness, he says, “The goal of school
emergency response protocols in prevention, risk reduction & management.
First aid preserves life, assist in recovery, & prevent further deterioration.”
One of the principals present that alert minds saves lives. If an
ambulance cannot be manage in time, one should make use of any vehicle
available to take the child to the hospital & not necessarily wait for an
ambulance.4
The purposes of first aid are : -
1) To save life
2) Prevent further injury.
3) To minimize or prevent infection.
Everyone in the navy must know how & when to render first aid & be
prepared to provide competent assistance to sick & injured in all
circumstances. The knowledge of first aid when properly applied can mean
the difference between temporary or permanent injury, rapid recovery or long
term disability & difference between life & death5
6.3 Statement of the Problem.
“A STUDY TO ASSESS THE KNOWLEDGE & ATTITUDE OF
SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHER REGARDING FIRST AID
MANAGEMENT OF SELECTED EMERGENCIES AMONG
SCHOOL CHILDRENS AT SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS AT
GHATAPRABHA IN VIEW TO PREPARE INFORMATION
BOOKLET”
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6.4 Objectives of the study:1) To assess the knowledge of secondary school teachers related to first aid
Management of secondary school children in selected emergencies.
2) To identify the attitude of secondary school teacher regarding first aid
Emergencies management in secondary children in emergencies.
3) To find the association between knowledge & attitude of secondary
school teacher with selected demographic variables.
4) To prepare information booklet base on first aid emergencies management
in secondary children in emergencies for secondary school teacher.
6.5 Operational Definitions:
1) Knowledge:- In this study knowledge refers to expertise & skills acquired by a
person through education & experience the theoretical or practical
understanding of subject.
2) Attitude :- In this study attitude refers to judgment of secondary school teachers
regarding the management of first aid emergencies in secondary school
children.
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3)First aid :- In this study first aid refers to immediate care given to a school children
by Secondary school teachers who has been accident or suddenly ill.
4) Emergency:- In this study emergency refers to condition like epitaxsis, fever,
vomiting, menarche, epileptic attack, & accidental injuries among secondary
school children in Ghataprabha.
5)Secondary Teacher :- In this study secondary teacher refers to a school teacher
teaching to classes from 5th to 10th std in secondary school of Ghataprabha.
6.6 Sampling Criteria:-
I) Inclusion criteria:
1) Secondary school teachers who are teaching to the classes from 5th to
10thstd School at Ghataprabha.
2) Those who are willing to participate in study.
II) Exclusion criteria:-
1) Those who are on long leave.
2) Those who are part time working.
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6.7 Assumptions:-1) Secondary school teacher will have basic knowledge regarding first aid
management in emergency situation.
2) Adequate knowledge of secondary school teacher regarding first aid
management of secondary school children will help to manage
emergency without fear.
3) It is assumed that secondary school teachers have positive attitudes
towards handling first aid situation among school children’s.
6.8 Review of Related Literature:- Review of relevant literature severs as essential background for any
research. Critical examination of previous studies will help the researcher to
formulate & delimit the problem, to minimize the possibility of duplication of
research, to suggest a theoretical framework for the study, to learn from the
reported experience of others about its feasibility to critically evaluate the
various methods used by others & choose the most appropriate design for the
investigation & so on. such a review also helps to discuss the results & draw
conclusions.6
A descriptive study was conducted on ‘Fear of lawsuits put staff
off first aid’ at Thames Valley University. To assess the first aid knowledge
of secondary teachers, the study was concluded with impression as, ‘It is
impractical for teachers to be able to cover all aspect of first aid, but it is
essential to learn emergency first aid during life saving events’. The
investigator found no case to date where legal action has taken as a result of
teacher (or any other) applying first aid in an emergency. 7
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A survey was conducted on ‘level of knowledge & an attitude of teacher
of chosen secondary school towards giving the first aid’ in west
Pomeranian, among 100 teachers from two high schools. 50 Standard
questionnaires were used to investigate the problem. The survey confirm
that the knowledge about giving first aid is insufficient, the half respondent
knows rules of giving first aid & one third declares that they can not put
these rules into the practice. There are no measure difference in the level of
knowledge about first aid between teachers from a large city & a small
town, to improve knowledge of rules of giving the first aid among teachers
& pupils are mandatory so investigator suggested cyclical training course
for teacher led by medical professionals & further courses for led by those
teachers in collaboration with students of the last year of paramedical
studies.8
A quasi experimental study was performed to assess the ‘effect of
first aid training in junior high school’. Data collected by Pre & Post
questionnaires to 82 randomly selected schools from students and teachers.
Separate questionnaires filled in by teacher show a low degree of
implementation of the programme. When comparing those classes that
really use program with control classes significant differences where
revealed in many of variables both self sufficient emotion in situation
required first aid skill and attitude towards giving a learning first aid.
where important for intended behavior.9
A study was conducted on secondary school student (34
male and 193 female) and 79 secondary school teachers (28 male and 51
female) to study the level of first aid knowledge was carried out. It
consisted general and particular part. 7 student excellent 57 students as a
good result 163 student’s inadequate level of knowledge none of teachers
achieve an excellent result. 11 achieve good results and 63 present
inadequate level of knowledge. Higher level of knowledge was presented
by those with driving license. Further the study was concluded that the
knowledge of secondary school students and teachers appears to be
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Insufficient to perform basic life support. Educational programs in secondary
school should be initiated in terms of extending social safety. 10
A cross sectional study was conducted at Union Territory of
Chandigharh, India, with objectives – 1).To develops first aid health kit
having appropriate drugs and equipment in the schools. 2). To strengthen
the school health services by involving teachers and training them to take
appropriate action the school hours.
From 100 Govt. Schools at Chandigarh, 90839 children enrolled in
this study. Study reveals that only 6 % of schools had health care/first aid
kits in pre-intervention phase this increased to 87% in post intervention.
Basic health equipment in schools also increased variably post
interventional. It was noticed that 65% of schools were having facility for
referring sick children to Govt. health centers and 16% to Private clinics.
65% of teacher in charge, health and medicine were not sure of taking
appropriate action or decision initially which subsequently decreased to nil
in post intervention. Availability of common drugs like Paracetamol
increased from 16% in pre-intervention to 71.7% later on. Knowledge of
teachers about common drugs used in various ailments like fever increased
from 71% to 86.9%. Further study was concluded as sensitization of school
administrators, educators and explaining the relevance of school health
resulted in significant improvement and preparation of health kit and
strengthening of school health services.11
In Nigeria a study was conducted to determine the knowledge of
118 primary school teachers related to epilepsy and its first aid
management. The results shows that 10 % (12) of 118 teachers graded
good and. 45% (54) fair where as 43 %( 52) teachers were having poor
knowledge. Hence the education of primary school teacher and general
public on epilepsy is recommended. 12
On attempt to determine the extent of training and emergency care
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knowledge of public school teacher in Mid Western States with a
secondary purpose to assess frequency of injury and illness in school
setting requiring the teacher to find response at USA. Questioner of 14 item
scenario based on emergency medical care test and pre test was distributed
to 334 teachers, 1/3 teachers has no specific training in first aid .40% never
been trained in CPR. 87% respondent strongly agreed that emergency care
training should be required in teacher preparation programme. The study
concluded as most of public school teacher’s deficit in both training and
knowledge of emergency care. 13
A study was conducted to evaluate ‘First Aid Knowledge and
Attitude of Turkish Primary School Teachers’. 312 teachers participate in
the study, data obtained by questionnaire, that helps identify the teacher
and determine their knowledge and attitude about first aid. Data was
analyzed by chi-square test 65.1% of teacher gave incorrect answers
regarding epitaxsis, 63.5% for bee stings and 88.5% for abrasions. It was
found that as the age of the teacher increases, appropriate first aid practice
becomes more and more unlikely..14
The study conducted during November and December 2004 in a
purposefully selected boy’s of senior secondary school of Naraingarh,
Haryana. All students of 9th and 10th class were included in the study. The
questionnaire was administered to 76 students of science section of 9th and
10th class. eighty percent of students scored more than 50% marks (range
34.5%-82.8%).there were 68.5% correct responses (263 out of 380)
regarding malaria, 33.2% could correctly enumerate food- and water-borne
diseases, The study was concluded with provision of knowledge about
correct management of injuries and illness to students is a sound and
logical investment. First it will improve their health knowledge, which in
turn will help them to lead a healthy life. Second, such empowered students
could be effectively used as a change agent in the family and community15
7 Material & Methods:-7.1 Source of Data:-
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Data will be collected from secondary schools teacher at selected
schools in Ghataprabha.
7.2 Methods of data collection:-
I. Research design Descriptive Design
II. Setting Selected secondary school at
Ghataprabha
III. Sampling technique purposive
IV. Sample size 50
V. Method of data collection For knowledge -Self Administered
Questionnaire.
For attitude 3 point likert’s scale.
VI. Tools for data collection Self developed Questionnaire on First
Aid emergency management among
children’s.
VII Method of data analysis &
interpretation
The Investigator will use inferential
statistical techniques for data analysis
and present in form of tables and
charts
VIII Duration of study 8 weeks.
IX Research variables Dependent Variables: Knowledge and
attitudes
Extraneous variables: Demographic
data and years of experience of teacher
X Projected out come The study will increase knowledge
among secondary school teachers
about first aid management of selected
emergencies among school children.
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7.3 Does the study require any investigation to be conducted on patient or
animal? ---------------NO.
7.4:- Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution?
--------------YES.
8 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. First aid for the injured. St John Ambulance association, 2008;123-
124
2. Mrs.Kazi Fauzia Jawed, Effectiveness Of Planned Teaching
Programme On First –Aid For Selected Accidents & Emergencies For
School Children In Selected High Schools Of Udupi District
NNT2007 Dec; 30-32.
3. Thomas Parker, Introduction to First Aid http//www.health
guidance.org lauthers /661
4. Sakshi Khatta. First aid in Schools.TNN Jul20,2009;A:3 (col:3)
5. Karren.K.J, Hafen, B.Q, first responder a skill approach,2005;
(3)53;129-35.
6. P.S.S. Sundar Rao. An Introduction to Biostatistics. New Delhi,
Prentice Hall of India Pvt.Ltd.3rd Ed. 2004; 175.
7. Adi Bloom. Fear of lawsuits puts staff off first aid. TES 2008Nov; 10-
12.
8. Wisniewski J, Majewski WD, Assessment of knowledge about first
aid among the teachers of chosen high school in western Pomeranian
region.2007, 53(2), 114-123.
12
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9. Engeland A, Roysamb E, Smedslund G, Sogaurd A .J. Effects of first-
aid training in Junior high schools,Inj Control Saf Prompt.2002
Jun;9(2):99-106.
10. Sosada. K, Zurawiriski W,Stephen T , Makarska J, Myrcik,
Evaluation of knowledge of teachers and high school students in
Silesia on the principles of first aid, wiad.lek.2002,55SuppI (Pt
2):883-9
11. Vikas Bhatia, Sonia Puri, Chetna Mangat, Amrit Pal Kaur. An
Interventional study to strengthen first aid care in schools of
Chandigarh, India. Int. Jou 2010(8): 1
12. ALikar EB, Essien AA, Childhood epilepsy: knowledge and attitude
of primary school teachers in Port Harcourt, Nigeria, Niger J ed. 2005
Jul- Sep;14(3): 299-303.
13. Gagliardi M, Neighbors M, Spears C, Byrd S, Snarr J. Emergencies in
the school settings: are public school teachers adequately trained to
respond?. Prehosp Disaater Med. 2003 Oct- Dec;9 (4):222-5.
14. Baser M, Coban S, Tasci S, Sungur , Bayat M., Evaluating first – aid
knowledge and attitudes of a Turkish primary school teachers. J
Emerg Nurs. 2007 Oct:33(5):428-32.
15. Sonu Goel, amarjeet Singh, Health Awareness of High School
Students, Ind Jour of Comm Med 2007 Jul :32 (3);192-195.
9 SIGNATURE OF THE
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CANDIDATE
10 REMARKS OF THE
GUIDE
This study is feasible and I forward it for
acceptance.
11 NAME AND
DESIGNATION OF THE
GUIDE
11.1 GUIDE
Prof. Smt. S. M. Satralkar Principal
Professor & H.O.D.
Dept of Child Health Nursing
Shri J G Co-operative Hospital Society’s
College of Nursing, Ghataprabha.
Dist: Belgaum
11.2 SIGNATURE
11.3 CO-GUIDE
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF THE
DEPARTMENT
Prof. Smt. S. M. Satralkar
Professor & H.O.D.
Dept of Pediatric Nursing
11.6 SIGNATURE
12 REMARKS OF THE
CHAIRMAN AND
PRINCIPAL
The topic is discussed with the members of
the research & Ethical Committee and
finalized.
She is permitted to conduct the study.
12.1 SIGNATURE
14