Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP)

Wednesday, December 02, 2009

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Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP) B.E. (EC) Electronics and Communication Engg.

Revised Syllabus and Scheme of Examination Effective from July 2007

THIRD SEMESTER

Internal Assessment

Period Per Week

S.No Course Category

Course Code (New)

Subject

L T P C

Theory

Practical

MST TW Total

1. BS-5 BE-301 Mathematics III 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 120

2. HS-2 BE-302 Energy, Ecology, Environ. & Society

3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 120

3. DC-1 EC-303 Electronic Instrumentation

3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 200

4. DC-2 EC/BM-304

Electronic Devices 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 200

5. DID-1 EC -305 Network Analysis 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 2006. IT-2 CS/EC-

306 CP-III Java 0 0 4 4 - 50 - 50 100

7. NECC-1 EC-307 Self Study 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30 8. NECC-2 EC-308 Seminar/ Group

Discussion etc. 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30

Total 15 5 12 32 500 200 100 200 1000 e-Resources- video and web courses developed by National Programme on Technology Enhanced learning (NPTEL) (A joint venture by IITs and IISc and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India) are available on http://nptel.iitm.ac.in and should be regularly used in the digital library/ library.


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Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP) B.E. (EC) Electronics and Communication Engg.

Revised Syllabus and Scheme of Examination Effective from July 2007

FOURTH SEMESTER

Distribution of Marks Period Per Week Internal

Assessment

S. No.

Course Categor

y

Course Codes (New)

Subject

L T P C

Theory

Practical

MST TW

Total

1. DID-2 CS/IT/EC-401

Computer System Organization

3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 120

2. DID-3 EC-402 Control Systems 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 120

3. DC-3 EC-403 Digital Electronics 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 200

4. DC-4 EC-404 Electronics Circuits 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 200

5. DC-5 EC-405 Analog Communication

3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 200

6. IT-3 EC-406 Software Lab – I 0 0 4 4 - 50 - 50 100

7. NECC-3 EC-407 Self Study 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30

8. NECC-4 EC-408 Seminar/Group Discussion etc.

0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30

Total 15 5 12 32 500 200 100 200 1000 e-Resources- video and web courses developed by National Programme on Technology Enhanced learning (NPTEL) (A joint venture by IITs and IISc and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India) are available on http://nptel.iitm.ac.in and should be regularly used in the digital library/ library.


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COURSE CONTENTS Category Title Code Credits-4C Theory Papers

L T P Basic Sciences BS-5

Mathematics-III BE 301 3 1 0

Max Marks-100 Min Marks-35 Duration-3 Hrs

Unit-I Functions of Complex Variables: Analytic functions, Harmonic Conjugate, Cauchy -

Riemann Equations, Line integral, Cauchy's theorem, Cauchy's Integral formula, Singular points, Poles and Residues, Residue theorem, Evaluation of Real Integral, Bilinear Transformation.

Unit-II Numerical Analysis: Difference operators, Errors and Approximations, Interpolation,

Inverse interpolation, Numerical differentiation, Numerical Integration by using Simpson’s method, Weddel’s rule and Gauss legendre open quadrate formula.

Unit-III Solutions of algebraic and transcendental equations( Regular False, Newton-

Raphson, Iterative, Graffe’s root squaring methods), Solutions of simultaneous algebraic equations, Solutions of ordinary differential equations (Tailor’s Series, Picard’s Method, Modified Euler’s method, Runge Kutta Method, Predictor-Corrector Method), Solution of Partial differential equation.

Unit-IV Linear Algebra: Simultaneous linear equations, Vector space and subspaces, Bases

and dimension, Linear transformations and their matrix representations, Change of basis

Unit-V Diagonalizable operators, Quadratic forms and their digitalization, Canonical form,

Bilinear, Hermitian forms, Definite and semi definite forms. References: 1. Chandrasekharaiah DS; Engineering Maths Part II & III; Prism Books Pvt. 2. Kreyszig E; Advanced Engineering Mathematics; Wiley Eastern Limited. 3. Stanton RJ; Numerical Analysis 4. Grewal BS; Higher Engineering Mathematics; Khanna Publisher. 5. Jaggi, Mathur; Engineering Mathematics; Khanna Publisher.


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COURSE CONTENTS Category Title Code Credits-4C Theory Papers

L T P Humanities and Science HS 2

Energy Environment Ethics and Society

BE 302 3 1 0

Max Mark-100 Min Mark-35 Duration-3Hrs

Unit-I Energy: linkage with development, world energy scenario, fossil fuel resource-

estimates and duration, India’s energy scenario; Finite/ depleting energy resources, coal, oil, gas, nuclear fission, promises and present status of nuclear fusion energy; Renewable energy, solar, hydro, wind, biomass, ocean, tidal, wave and geothermal.

Unit -II Society and environment: exponential growth in population, environmentally optimum

sustainable population, pros and cons of reducing birth-rates, solar and natural capital, perpetual, renewable and exhaustible resources, free access resources and the tragedy of commons, environment problems and impact of P.A.T (Population, Affluence and Technology), environmentally beneficial and harmful technologies, interaction between environment life support systems and socio-culture system.

Unit-III Ecosystem definition, concepts, structure, realm of ecology, lithosphere, hydrosphere,

biosphere, atmosphere-troposphere-stratosphere; Nonrandom high quality solar energy flow/ balance to earth, greenhouse effect, matter and nutrient recycling in ecosystems; nitrogen, oxygen, carbon and water cycles, food producers, consumers and decomposers, food chains; biodiversity, threat and conservation of biodiversity.

Unit-IV Air pollution-primary, secondary, chemical and photochemical reactions, effects of

CO, NO, CH and particulates, acid rain, global warming and Ozone depletion; monitoring and control of pollutants; noise pollution-sources and control measures; thermal-, heavy metals- and nuclear pollutions; industrial pollution from paper, pharmacy, distillery, tannery, fertilizer, food processing and small scale industries. Environment impact assessment policies and auditing, conflicting worldviews and environmentally sustainable economic growth, introduction to Design For Environment (DFE), product lifecycle assessment for environment and ISO 14000; triple bottom-line of economic, environment and social performance;

Unit-V Ethics and moral values, ethical situations, objectives of ethics and its study, role

morality and conflicts, values, policy and Organization Culture; Non- quasi- and hard- professionals; preventive, personal, common and professional ethics, different ethical value criteria with discussion on the case of priority for improvement of urban (high traffic) or rural (low traffic) intersections causing equal number of fatalities, codes of ethics and their limitation; Institute of engineers code for corporate member and ACM professional-code.

References:

1. Miller G. T Jr: Living in the environment; Cengage Publisher. 2. Harris CE, Prichard MS, Rabins MJ: Engineering Ethics, Cengage Pub. 3. Govindrajan, Natrajan, Santikumar: Engineering Ethics, PHI pub. 4. Rana SVS: Essentials of ecology and environment, PHI Pub. 5. Gerard Kiely: Environmental Engineering, TMH 6. Khan BH: Non Conventional energy resources, TMH Pub. 7. Raylond G.W.: Ethics in Information Technology, Cengage.


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COURSE CONTENTS Category Title Code Credit-6 Theory paper

L T P DC-1 Electronic Instrumentation

EC--303 3 1 2

Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 hrs.

Unit-I Measurement and Error, Accuracy and Precision, Sensitivity, Linearity, Resolution,

Hysterisis, Loading Effect. Measurements of Current, Voltage, Power and Impedance: DC and AC Ammeter, DC Voltmeter-Chopper type and solid-state, AC voltmeter using Rectifier, Average, RMS, Peak Responding voltmeters, Multi-meter, Power meter, Bolometer and Calorimeter.

Unit-II Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (CRO): Different parts of CRO, Block diagram, Electrostatic

focusing, Electrostatic deflection, Post deflection acceleration, Screen for CRTs, Graticules, Vertical and Horizontal deflection system, Time base circuit, Oscilloscope Probes, Applications of CRO, Special purpose CROs-Multi input, Dual trace, Dual beam, Sampling, Storage (Analog and Digital) Oscilloscope.

Unit-III AC Bridges: Maxwell’s bridge (Inductance and Inductance-Capacitance), Hay’s bridge,

Schering bridge (High voltage and Relative permittivity), Wein bridge, Wagner earth detector, Impedance measurement by Q-meter. Non-Electrical Quantities (Transducer): Classification of Transducers, Strain gauge, Displacement Transducer- Linear Variable Differential Transformer (LVDT) and Rotary Variable Differential Transformer (RVDT), Temperature Transducer- Resistance Temperature Detector (RTD), Thermistor, Thermocouple, Piezo-electric transducer, Optical Transducer- Photo emissive, Photo conductive, Photo voltaic, Photo-diode, Photo Transistor, Nuclear Radiation Detector.

Unit-IV Wave Analyzer (Frequency selective and Heterodyne), Harmonic Distortion Analyzer,

Spectrum Analyzer, Signal and Function Generators, Sweep Frequency Generator, Pulse and Square Wave Generator, Beat Frequency Oscillator.

Unit-V Digital Measurement and Instruments: Advantages of Digital Instrument over Analog

Instrument, Digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) - Variable resistive type, R-2R ladder Type, Binary ladder, Weighted converter using Op-amp and transistor, Practical DAC. Analog-to-digital Conversion (ADC) -Ramp Technique, Dual Slope Integrating Type, Integrating Type (voltage to frequency), Successive Approximations, digital voltmeters and multi-meters, Resolution and sensitivity of digital meter, PLC structure, principle of operation, response time and application.

References:

1. H. S. Kalsi: Electronics Instrumentation, TMH. 2. K. Sawhney: Instrumentation and Measurements, Dhanpat Rai and Co. 3. Helfric and Cooper: Modern Electronic Instrumentation and Measurement Techniques;

Pearson.


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List of Experiments: All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps. Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper. Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using Simulation Software (TINA-

PRO/ PSPICE/ LABVIEW/ CIRCUIT MAKER). Step 3: The designed/drafted circuit should be tested on the bread board and compare the

results with the simulated results. Step 4: The bread board circuit should be fabricated on PCB by one batch using PCB

machine.

1. Study of CRO and Function Generator. 2. Displacement measurement by LVDT. 3. Force measurement by strain gauge. 4. Measurement of Capacitor, Self-induction using Q-meter. 5. Temperature measurement by thermistor, RTD and thermocouple. 6. Optical Transducer- Photo conductive, Photo voltaic, Photo-diode, Photo-Transistor 7. Design of digital to analog converter. 8. PLC operation and applications (for example: relay, timer, level, traffic light etc.)


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L T P Department DC-2

Electronic Devices

EC/BM--304

3 1 2


Unit-I Semiconductor intrinsic and extrinsic, p-type and n-type, energy band diagrams,

majority and minority carrier, charge density in semiconductor, generation and recombination of charges, process of diffusion, diffusion and drift currents, Hall effects and its applications. p-n junction, depletion layer, potential barrier, electric field, forward and reverse biased junction, current components in p-n diode, current equation, V-I characteristics, cut in voltages of Si and Ge diode, transition and diffusion capacitance, power dissipation, p-n junction diode as rectifier, clipper and clamper.

Unit-II Optoelectronic and miscellaneous devices: Characteristics and application of Zener

diode, Varactor diode, Schottky diode, Tunnel Diode, PIN diode, LED, photoconductor cells, photodiodes, solar cell, phototransistors, opto-couplers, thermistors, Seven segment displays.

Unit-III Bipolar junction transistor - Construction, basic operation, current components and

equations,. CB, CE and CC-configuration, input and output characteristics, Early effect, region of operation, active, cutoff and saturation region Ebers-Moll model, , power dissipation in transistor (Pdmax rating), Uni-junction Transistor (UJT) : Principle of operation, characteristics.

Unit-IV FET construction- Construction, n channel and p channel, characteristics, parameters,

equivalent model and voltage gain, Enhancement and depletion MOSFET and its characteristics, analysis of FET in various configuration.

Unit-V Thyristor Family- Silicon Controlled Rectifier, V-I Characteristics, Transistor Analogy,

Turn-On and Turn-Off Mechanism, Series And Parallel Combination of SCR, Protection Circuits. Introduction to Diac, Triac, Power MOSFET, IGBT and GTO.

References:

1. Boylestad and Nashelsky : Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Pearson Education 2. Millman and Halkias : Integrated electronics, TMH 3. Graham Bell : Electronic Devices and Circuits , PHI 4. Ned Mohan : Power electronics, John Wiley and Sons 5. Sendra and Smith : Microelectronics, Oxford Press. 6. Streetman : Electronic Devices, Pearson Education. 7. Donald A Neamen : Electronic Circuits Analysis and Design, TMH 8. Salivahanan et al : Electronic Devices and Circuits, TMH


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List of Experiments (Expandable): All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps. Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper. Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using Simulation Software (TINA-



machine.

1. V-I characteristics of various Diodes (p-n, Zener, Varactor, Schottky, Tunnel, Photodiode etc)

2. Characteristics of Transistors (BJT and FET) 3. Study of Power electronic devices (Diac, Triac, SCR, Power MOSFET, IGBT etc.)


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COURSE CONTENTS

Category Title Code Credit-6 Theory paper L T P DID-1 Network

Analysis EC--305

3 1 2


Unit-I Introduction to circuit elements R, L, C and their characteristics in terms of linearity

and time dependence, KCL and KVL analysis, dual networks, analysis of magnetically coupled circuits, Dot convention, coupling co-efficient, Tuned circuits, Series and parallel resonance, voltage and current sources, controlled sources.

Unit-II Network topology, Concept of Network graph, Tree, tree branches and links, cut set

and tie set schedules. Network Theorems – Thevenin, Norton, Superposition, Reciprocity, Compensation, Maximum power transfer and Millmans theorems, problems with controlled sources.

Unit-III Transient analysis: Transients in RL, RC and RLC circuits, initial conditions, time

constants, networks driven by constant driving sources and their solutions. Steady state analysis: - Concepts of phasors and vectors, impedance and admittance. Node and mesh analysis of RL, RC and RLC networks with sinusoidal and other driving sources. Resonance Circuits.

Unit-IV Frequency domain analysis – Laplace transform solution of Integral-differential

equations. Transform of waveform – step, ramp, Gate and sinusoidal functions. Initial and final value theorem. Network Theorems in frequency domain. Fourier Series, Trigonometric & exponential form of fourier series, Fourier series of basic functions.

Unit-V Network function & Two port networks concept of complex frequency.Network

functions of one and two ports, poles and zeros network of different kinds. Necessary conditions for driving point & transfer function. Two port parameters– Z, Y, ABCD, hybrid parameters, their inverse and image parameters, relationship between parameters. Interconnection of two port networks, Terminated two port networks.

References:

1. M.E. Van Valkenburg: Network Analysis, PHI 2. F.F.Kuo: Network Analysis, Wiley India. 3. Mittal GK: Network Analysis, Khanna Publisher 4. Mesereau and Jackson: Circuit Analysis- A system Approach, Pearson. 5. Hayt W.H. & J.E. Kemmerly: Engineering Circuit Analysis, TMH 6. Decarlo lin: Linear circuit Analysis, Oxford 7. William D Stanley : Network Analysis with Applications, Pearson Education 8. Roy Choudhary D: Network and systems, New Age Pub 9. Sudhakar & Pillai: Circuit & Networks- Analysis and Synthesis, TMH


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List of experiments (Expandable) All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps. Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper. Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using Simulation Software (TINA-



machine.

1. To Verify Thevenin Theorem. 2. To Verify Superposition Theorem. 3. To Verify Reciprocity Theorem. 4. To Verify Maximum Power Transfer Theorem. 5. To Verify Millman’s Theorem. 6. To Perform Open Circuit Test on Two Port Network. 7. To Perform Short Circuit Test on Two Port Network. 8. To Find Frequency Response of LRC Series Circuit. 9. To Find Frequency Response of LRC parallel Circuit.


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COURSE CONTENTS Category Title Code Credit-4 Practical

L T P IT-2 CP III Java CS/EC -- 306

- - 4


UNIT-I Basic Java Features - C++ Vs JAVA, JAVA virtual machine, Constant & Variables, Data

Types, Class, Methods, Objects, Strings and Arrays, Type Casting, Operators, Precedence relations, Control Statements, Exception Handling, File and Streams, Visibility, Constructors, Operator and Methods Overloading, Static Members, Inheritance: Polymorphism, Abstract methods and Classes

UNIT–II Java Collective Frame Work - Data Structures: Introduction, Type-Wrapper Classes

for Primitive Types, Dynamic Memory Allocation, Linked List, Stack, Queues, Trees, Generics: Introduction, Overloading Generic Methods, Generic Classes, Collections: Interface Collection and Class Collections, Lists, Array List and Iterator, Linked List, Vector. Collections Algorithms: Algorithm sorts, Algorithm shuffle, Algorithms reverse, fill, copy, max and min Algorithm binary Search, Algorithms add All, Stack Class of Package java. Util, Class Priority Queue and Interface Queue, Maps, Properties Class, Un-modifiable Collections.

UNIT–III Advance Java Features - Multithreading: Thread States, Priorities and Thread

Scheduling, Life Cycle of a Thread, Thread Synchronization, Creating and Executing Threads, Multithreading with GUI, Monitors and Monitor Locks. Networking: Manipulating URLs, Reading a file on a Web Server, Socket programming, Security and the Network, RMI, Networking, Accessing Databases with JDBC: Relational Database, SQL, MySQL, Oracle

UNIT–IV Advance Java Technologies - Servlets: Overview and Architecture, Setting Up the

Apache Tomcat Server, Handling HTTP get Requests, Deploying a web Application, Multitier Applications, Using JDBC from a Servlet, Java Server Pages (JSP): Overview, First JSP Example, Implicit Objects, Scripting, Standard Actions, Directives, Multimedia: Applets and Application: Loading, Displaying and Scaling Images, Animating a Series of Images, Loading and playing Audio clips

UNIT–V Advance Web/Internet Programming (Overview): J2ME, J2EE, EJB, XML. References:

1. Deitel & Deitel: JAVA, How to Program, 6th Edition .LPE, Pearson; ISBN 81-297-1195-8 2. Herbert Schildt: The Complete Reference, Mc Graw Hill 3. E. Balaguruswamy: Programming In Java,, 2nd Edition, TMH Publications ISBN 0-07-

4635425 4. Peter Norton: Peter Norton Guide To Java Programming, Techmedia; ISBN 81-87105-

61-5. 5. Merlin Hughes, Maria Winslow, Conrad Hughes, Michael Shoffner: Java Network

Programming Manning Publications/Prentice Hall


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List of experiments (Expandable)

1. Installation of J2SDK. 2. Write a program to show Scope of Variables. 3. Write a program to show Concept of CLASS in JAVA. 4. Write a program to show Type Casting in JAVA. 5. Write a program to show How Exception Handling is in JAVA. 6. Write a Program to show Inheritance. 7. Write a program to show Polymorphism. 8. Write a program to show Access Specifiers (Public, Private, Protected) in JAVA . 9. Write a program to show use and Advantages of CONTRUCTOR. 10. Write a program to show Interfacing between two classes. 11. Write a program to Add a Class to a Package. 12. Write a program to show Life Cycle of a Thread. 13. Write a program to demonstrate AWT. 14. Write a program to Hide a Class. 15. Write a Program to show Data Base Connectivity Using JAVA. 16. Write a Program to show “HELLO JAVA ” in Explorer using Applet. 17. Write a Program to show Connectivity using JDBC. 18. Write a program to demonstrate multithreading using Java. 19. Write a program to demonstrate applet life cycle. 20. Write a program to demonstrate concept of servlet.


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COURSE CONTENTS

Category Title Code Credits-4C Theory Paper L T P DID-2 Computer System

Organization CS/IT/EC401 3 1 0

Max. Marks-100 Min.Marks-35 Duration-3hrs.

Unit-I Computer Basics and CPU: Von Newman model, various subsystems, CPU, Memory,

I/O, System Bus, CPU and Memory registers, Program Counter, Accumulator, Instruction register, Micro operations, Register Transfer Language, Instruction Fetch, decode and execution, data movement and manipulation, Instruction formats and addressing modes of basic computer. 8085 microprocessor organization

Unit-II Control Unit Organization: Hardwired control unit, Micro and nano programmed control

unit, Control Memory, Address Sequencing, Micro Instruction formats, Micro program sequencer, Microprogramming, Arithmetic and Logic Unit: Arithmetic Processor, Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, Floating point and decimal arithmetic and arithmetic units, design of arithmetic unit.

Unit-III Input Output Organization: Modes of data transfer – program controlled, interrupt

driven and direct memory access, Interrupt structures, I/O Interface, Asynchronous data transfer, I/O processor, 8085 I/O structure, 8085 instruction set and basic programming. Data transfer – Serial / parallel, synchronous/asynchronous, simplex/half duplex and full duplex.

Unit-IV Memory organization: Memory Maps, Memory Hierarchy, Cache Memory -

Organization and mappings. Associative memory, Virtual memory, Memory Management Hardware.

Unit-V Multiprocessors: Pipeline and Vector processing, Instruction and arithmetic pipelines,

Vector and array processors, Interconnection structure and inter-processor communication.

References: 1. Morris Mano: Computer System Architecture, PHI. 2. Gaonkar: Microprocessor Architecture, Programming, Applications with 8085; Penram Int.

Publisher 3. William Stallings: Computer Organization and Architecture, PHI 4. Carl Hamacher: Computer Organization, TMH 5. Tanenbaum: Structured Computer Organization, Pearson Education


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L T P DID-3 Control System EC-- 402 3 1 0


Unit-I Basic Control System Terminology and Classification of control System, Examples of

control System, Transfer Function of Linear Control System, Block Diagram Representation, Signal flow Graph Techniques. Mathematical Modeling of Electrical Network: AC and DC Servomotors, Error Detector, Stepper Motor, Optical Encoder, Linearization.

Unit-II Sensitivity of Control Systems, Effects of Feedback on gain and time constant, pole

location, bandwidth, Sensitivity, Stability, Disturbance signal, Control over System Dynamics by use of Feedback. Time Response Analysis- Standard Test Signals, Time Response of 1st Order System, Model of Prototype DC Position Control System, Time Response of Prototype 2nd Order System, Performance Specification of 2nd Order System, Steady-State Errors and Error Constants, Effects of Additions of Poles and Zeros to Open Loop and Closed Loop System, Design Specification of 2nd Order System and Higher-Order System, Performance Indices, Optimal Control System,

Unit-III Time Domain Stability Analysis- Concept of Stability of Linear Systems, Effects of

Location of Poles on Stability, Necessary Conditions for Stability, Routh-Hurwitz Stability Criteria, Relative Stability Analysis, Root Locus Concept, Guidelines for Sketching Root-Locus. Frequency Domain Stability Analysis- Performance Specification in Frequency Domain, Co-relation between frequency Domain and Time Domain, Bode Plot, Minimum-Phase and Non-Minimum Phase System, Polar Plots, Inverse Polar Plot, Nyquist Stability Criterion, Assessment of Relative Stability (Phase Margin, Gain Margin and Stability), Constant-M and N Circle, Nichols Chart.

Unit-IV Approaches to System Design, Types of Compensation, Design of Phase-Lag, Phase

Lead and Phase Lead-Lag Compensators in Time and Frequency Domain, Proportional, Derivative, Integral and PID Compensation.

Unit-V Concept of State, State Variables and State Model, State Space Representation of

Systems, Block Diagram for State Equation, Transfer Function Decomposition, Solution of State Equation, Transfer Matrix, Relationship between State Equation and Transfer Function, Controllability and Observability.

References:

1. B. C Kuo : Automatic Control System, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi. 2. Nagrath and Gopal : Control System Engineering, New Age International Publishers. 3. Samarjit Ghose : Control Systems Theory and Applications, Pearson Education 4. B. S. Manke : Linear Control System , Khanna Publishers. 5. Ogata : Modern Control Engineering, PHI 6. AK Mandal : An introduction to Control Engineering – Modeling, Analysis and Design,

New Age International Publishers


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COURSE CONTENTS

Unit-I Review of Number systems and Binary codes, Binary arithmetic – addition, subtraction,

multiplication and division algorithms. Boolean algebra: theorems and functions, Simplification of Boolean functions, minimization techniques, Karnaugh's map method, Quine and McCluskey's method, realization of various binary functions using AND ,OR ,NOT,XOR logic gates.

Unit-II Universal gates: NAND, NOR, realization of boolean function using universal gates. Half

and full adder, half and full subtractor, Series and parallel adder, BCD adders, look-ahead carry generator. Decoders, Encoders, multiplexers and de-multiplexers. Analysis and design of combination circuits, realization of various Boolean functions using NAND, NOR gates and multiplexers.

Unit-III Multivibrators: Astable, Monostable and bistable multivibrators, 555 timer chip and its

application in multivibrators. Flip-Flops: R-S, Clocked R-S, T, D, J-K, race around problem, Master-slave J-K., State and Excitation Tables Shift registers and counters . synchronous and asynchronous counters, Binary ripple counter, up-down counter, Johnson and ring counter. Analysis and Design of Sequential Circuits.

Unit-IV Semiconductor memories: Organization and construction of RAM, SRAM, DRAM,

RAMBUS ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, PAL and PLAs etc Unit-V Logic families: RTL, DTL, TTL, ECL, IIL, PMOS, NMOS and CMOS logic etc.

Interfacing between TTL and MOS, vice-versa. References:

1. M. Mano : Digital Logic and Computer Design, Pearson Education 2. W.H. Gothman : Digital Electronics, PHI. 3. Millman and Taub : Pulse, Digital and Switching Waveforms, MGH 4. Salivahanan and Ari Vahagan : Digital Circuits and Design, Vikas Publishing House 5. Leach and Malvino : Digital Principles and Applications, TMH 6. Rajkamal : Digital Systems – Priciples and Design, Pearson Education

List of Experiments (Expandable): All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps. Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper. Step 2: The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using simulation Software (TINA-


results with the simulated results.

Category Title Code Credit-6 Theory paper L T P Departmental Core

DC-3 Digital Electronics

EC-- 403 3 1 2



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Step 4: The bread board circuit should be fabricated on PCB by one batch using PCB machine.

1. To test and study of operation of all logic Gates for various IC's. 2. Implementation of AND, OR, NOT, NOR, X-OR and X-NOR Gates by NAND and NOR

Universal gates. 3. Binary Addition by Half Adder and Full Adder circuit. 4. Binary Subtraction by Half Subtractor and Full Subtractor circuit. 5. Design a BCD to excess-3 code converter. 6. Verification of the Demorgan's Theorem. 7. Study of RS, JK, T & D flip-flops. 8. Multiplexer/Demultiplexer based boolean function realization. 9. Study and Application of 555 timer (Astable, Monostable, Schmitt trigger, VCO).


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COURSE CONTENTS

Unit-I Amplifier Basics, Transistor as an amplifier, load line, Q-point and its selection criteria,

designing of fixed bias and self-bias, stability of biasing circuits, calculation of stability factor. Transistor at low frequency: frequency response, bandwidth, h-parameter analysis of CC, CB and CE configuration, simplified model, gain and impedance calculation of single stage amplifier. Transistor at high frequency, high frequency model (hybrid-π), Parameters and their definition, Miller capacitance and its effect on voltage gain,

Unit-II Feedback amplifier: positive and negative feedback loop gain, effect of negative

feedback on gain stability, distortion, bandwidth, input and output impedance of amplifier, types of feedback (voltage, current, series and shunt) and their analysis. Oscillators: condition of sustained oscillation, RC phase shift, LC (Hartley and Collpit) Oscillators, Wein Bridge, Negative resistance (Tunnel diode and UJT) oscillators, crystal oscillators.

Unit III Power amplifier, classification, operation, analysis and design of Class A, Class B,

Class-AB, Class C, transformer coupled, push pull and complementary symmetry amplifiers, power dissipation in transistors (Pdmax rating) and efficiency calculations. Tuned amplifier and its applications, Q factor, selectivity and bandwidth, effect of loading, double tuning (synchronous and stagger)

Unit IV Cascade amplifiers, Calculation of gain, Input and output impedance, Effect of

Cascading on bandwidth, Transformer, RC and direct-coupled amplifier and their performance. Darlington connection, equivalent circuit and Calculation of gain and impedances, Cascade amplifier: advantage, circuit diagram and analysis, feedback pair and applications of BIFET, Bootstrapping technique. Differential amplifier - configuration, transfer characteristics, DC analysis, h-parameter analysis, differential and common mode gain, CMRR, constant current source and current mirror, level shift.

Unit-V Operational amplifier (IC741), specifications, ideal and practical characteristics,

frequency response, unity gain bandwidth, limitations, slew rate and its effect on full power bandwidth, input offset voltage, bias and offset currents, compensation. Applications of Op-Amp: Inverting and non-inverting amplifier Analog computation, summer (inverting and non-inverting), averager, integrator, differentiator, scalar, sign changer, phase changer, multiplier, buffer, Differential amplifier, instrumentation amplifier, comparator, Schmitt trigger, precision rectifier, log and antilog amplifier, voltage-to-current and current-to-voltage converter.

References:

1. Millman and Halkias : Integrated electronics, TMH

Category Title Code Credit-6 Theory paper

L T PDepartmental Core DC-4

Electronic Circuits

EC--404 3 1 2



Page18

2. Gayakwad ; OPAMP and Linear Integrated Circuits, Pearson Education 3. Boylestad and Nashelsky : Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, PHI 4. Sendra and Smith : Microelectronics, Oxford Press 5. Graham Bell : Electronic Devices and Circuits , PHI 6. Donald A Neamen : Electronic Circuits Analysis and Design, TMH 7. Salivahanan etal : Electronic Devices and Circuits, TMH

List of Experiments (Expandable): All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps. Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper. Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using Simulation Software (TINA-



machine.

1. Characteristics of Op-Amp (input offset voltage, slew rate, CMRR, BW, input bias current.

2. Linear application of Op-Amp (voltage follower, inverting and non-inverting amplifier and their frequency response, adder, subtractor, differential amplifier, integrator and differential frequency response)

3. To design and construct a shunt and series regulator and find line and load regulation. 4. Design and performance evaluation of transistor amplifiers in CE, CB and CC

configuration 5. Design and performance evaluation of FET amplifiers.


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L T P Departmental Core DC-5

Analog Communication

EC-405 3 1 2


Unit-I Different types of Signals (Continuous, Discrete, Periodic), Time Domain and

Frequency Domain Representation, Introduction to basic Transform Techniques applicable to these Signals. Spectral Analysis: Fourier Technique, Fourier Transform and their Properties, Transform of Gate Signal, Impulse Function and Unit Step Function, Fourier Transform Technique for Periodic Signal, Transform of Train of Pulses and Impulses, Sine and Cosine wave. Signal Energy and Power, Spectral Density of various types of signals, Spectra (Parseval’s Theorem), Density Spectra of Periodic Gate and Impulse train. Linear Time Invariant (LTI) Systems, Impulse Response, Convolution, Convolution with Impulse Function, Casual and Non Causal System, Distortion less System, Impulse Response of Distortion less System, Ideal Filter and Practical Filter.

Unit-II Modulation Techniques: Need and types of modulation techniques, Amplitude

Modulation, Frequency Spectrum, Power Distribution, Modulation by Complex Signal, Low Level and High Level AM Modulators, Linear Integrated Circuit AM Modulators, Suppressed Carrier Generation (Balance/Chopper and Square Law Modulation), SSB Generator (Phase and Frequency Discrimination Method), VSB Transmission and Application. Detection of AM signals: Envelope Detector Circuit, RC Time Constant, Synchronous Detection Technique, Error in Synchronous Detection, SSB signal detection, PLL and its use in demodulation.

Unit-III Angle Modulation: Frequency and Phase Modulation Frequency spectrum, bandwidth

requirement, Frequency and Phase Deviation, Modulation Index, NBFM and WBFM, Multiple frequencies FM. FM Modulators: Direct (Parameter Variation Method) and Indirect (Armstrong) Method of frequency modulation. FM Detector: Slope Detector, Foster Seely Discriminator, Ratio Detector and PLL detectors.

Unit-IV Radio Transmitters: AM transmitter, block diagram and working of Low Level and High

Level Transmitters, Trapezoidal Pattern and Carrier Shift, SSB Transmitters, FM transmitters - Frequency Multiplication Applied to FM Signals, FM transmitters. Radio Receivers: Block Diagram of Radio Receiver, Receiver Characteristics (Selectivity, Fidelity and Sensitivity), AM Receiver, RF Receiver, Super-heterodyne Receiver, RF Amplifier, Frequency Mixer, AVC and AFC, Image Signal, Intermediate Frequency Selection, Diversity Reception, FM Receiver.

Unit-V Noise : Sources and types of noise and their power density, White Noise, Noise from

Single and Multiple noise source for Linear Systems, Super Position of Power Spectrum, Equivalent Noise Bandwidth, Noise Figure, and Equivalent Noise Temperature, their Relationship, Calculation of Noise Figure and Noise Temperature for Cascade Systems, Noise Performance of Communication System, Band Pass Noise Representation in Terms of Low Pass, In-phase and Quadrature Phase Component and their Power Spectral Density, Figure of Merit, Calculation for AM, AM-SC and SSB System, Noise in Angle Modulated System, Figure of Merit for FM, Noise Density of Output of FM


Page20

Detector, Pre-Emphasis and De-Emphasis, Phasor Representation of Noise, Capture Effect, Comparison of Noise Performance of AM and FM.

References:

1. B.P. Lathi : Modern Analog and Digital Communication System, Wiley Eastern limited 2. Taub and Schilling : Principles of communication Systems, TMH 3. Singh and Sapre : Communication Systems, TMH 4. S Haykin : Communication Systems, John Wiley and Sons Inc 5. S Ghose: Signals and Systems, Pearson Education. 6. A Bruce Carlson : Communication System, TMH 7. Steven : Communication Systems – Analysis and Design, Pearson Education

List of Experiments (Expandable): All experiments (wherever applicable) should be performed through the following steps. Step 1: Circuit should be designed/drafted on paper. Step 2:The designed/drafted circuit should be simulated using simulation Software (TINA-



machine.

1. Analysis of AM Modulation and Demodulation Techniques (Transmitter and Receiver), Calculation of Parameters

2. Analysis of FM Modulation and Demodulation (Transmitter and Receiver) and Calculation of Parameters

3. To Construct and Verify Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis and Plot the Waveforms. 4. Study of Super-heterodyne Receiver and Characteristics of Radio Receiver. 5. To Construct Frequency Multiplier Circuit and to Observe the Waveform 6. Study of AVC and AFC. 7. Study of PLL chip (566) and its use in various systems


Page21

COURSE CONTENTS Category Title Code Credit-4 Practical

L T P IT-3 Software Lab I EC- 406

- - 4


SECTION - A MatLab / SciLab / Similar software (Mathematical/Scientific Laboratory Software) (SciLab, a freeware can be downloaded from www.scilab.org)

Introduction to Scilab / MatLab, Study of Scilab / MatLab programming environment, Modeling, Design and development of Programs. Programs Related to Analog Communication- (Example-Plots of Different Signals and their Fourier Transforms, Computation of Linear and Cyclic Convolution between Two Signals, Simulation of Different Types of Amplitude transmitters and Receivers, AM Transmitter and Receiver, FM Transmitter and Receiver, Simulation of a Communication System (Generation, addition of noise and Detection). Programs Related to Control System- Open-Loop and Closed Loop Control System Response using Scilab/ MatLab, Determining Transient Response, Specification of Second Order System, Effect of PID controller on Control System, Bode Plot, Nyquist Plot and Root Locus Plot.

SECTION-B CIRCUIT SIMULATION/ PCB DESIGNING SOFTWARES

Study of Circuit Simulation Software (any one - TINA-PRO/ PSPICE/ LABVIEW/ CIRCUIT MAKER). PCB Layout Software (any one - PROTEL/ ORCADE/ ALTERA). Design and Simulation of basic Electronic Circuits (Example Rectifiers, Amplifiers, Oscillators, Digital Circuits, Transient and steady state analysis of RC/RL/RLC circuits etc)

References:

1. Vinu V. Das: Programming in Scilab, New Age Publisher. 2. Chapman Stephen J.: MATLAB Programming for Engineers, 3rd Edition, Thomson

Cengage 3. Rudra Pratap: Getting Started with MATLAB 7, Oxford University Press (Indian Edition). 4. Proakis John G.: Contemporary Communication System Using MATLAB; Thomson

Vikas Pub. 5. B.S. Manke: Linear Control Systems - with MATLAB Application, Khanna Publishers. 6. Simulation/Designing Software Manuals. 7. S. Hassan Saeed : Automatic Control Systems (with MATLAB Programming) S. K.

Kataria and Sons New Delhi. List of Experiments: Programs to be performed based on the topics contained in the syllabus.


Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP)

B.E. (EC) Electronics and Communication Engineering Revised Syllabus and Scheme of Examination Effective from July 2007

FIFTH SEMESTER

Distribution of Marks Internal

Assessment Period Per Week

Theory Exam

Practical Exam MST TW Total Total

S. No

Course Category

Course Code (New) Subject L T P C I II III I+II+III

1. DC-6 EC-501 Voice Communication 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

2. DC-7 EC-502 Electro-Magnetic Theory 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

3. DC-8 EC-503 Digital Communication 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

4. DC-9 EC-504 Microprocessors, Microcontroller and Embedded Systems 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

5. DC-10 EC-505 CMOS VLSI Design 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

6. IT-4 EC-506 Software Lab-II 0 0 4 4 - 50 - 50 50 100

7. NECC-5 EC-507 Self Study 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30 30

8. NECC-6 EC-508 Seminar / Group Discussion etc. 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30 30

TOTAL 15 5 12 32 500 200 100 200 300 1000

e-Resources- video and web courses developed by National Programme on Technology Enhanced learning (NPTEL) (A joint venture by IITs and IISc and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India) are available on http://nptel.iitm.ac.in and should be regularly used in the digital library/ library.


Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP)

B.E. (EC) Electronics and Communication Engineering Revised Syllabus and Scheme of Examination Effective from July 2007

SIXTH SEMESTER Distribution of Marks

Internal Assessment Period Per

Week Theory Exam

Practical Exam MST TW Total Total

S.No.

Course Category

Course Codes (New) Subject L T P C I II III I+II+III

1. DC-11 EC-601 Data Communication and Networks 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

2. DC-12 EC-602 Cellular Mobile Communication 3 1 0 4 100 - 20 - 20 120

3. DC-13 EC-603 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

4. DC-14 EC-604 Microwave Engineering 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

5. DC-15 EC-605 Communication Network and Transmission Lines 3 1 2 6 100 50 20 30 50 200

6. DC-16 EC-606 Minor Project 0 0 4 4 - 50 - 50 50 100

7. NECC-7 EC-607 Self Study 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30 30

8. NECC-8 EC-608 Seminar / Group Discussion etc. 0 0 1 1 - - - 30 30 30

TOTAL 15 5 12 32 500 200 100 200 300 1000

e-Resources- video and web courses developed by National Programme on Technology Enhanced learning (NPTEL) (A joint venture by IITs and IISc and approved by the Ministry of Human Resources Development, Govt. of India) are available on http://nptel.iitm.ac.in and should be regularly used in the digital library/ library.


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL PROGRAMME: Electronics and Communication Engineering

COURSE: EC-501 Voice Communication Category of

course Course Title Course

code Credit-4C Theory paper (ES)

Departmental Core (DC-6)

Voice Communication

EC-501 L 3

T 1

P 0


Course Contents Unit I Basic Telephony : Introduction, standard telephone set, function, local loop, block diagram, basic call procedure, call progress tones and signals, cordless telephones, caller identification, electronic telephones, telephone circuit - local subscriber loop, channel noise and units of power measurements, transmission parameters, voice frequency circuit arrangements, crosstalk. Unit II Public telephone network: Introduction, transmission system environment, public telephone network, instruments, local loops, trunk circuits, telephone exchanges - local exchanges, automated central office switches and exchanges, telephone numbering plan, telephone services, telephone switching hierarchy, common channel signaling system- evolution of SS7, signaling points, call setup, Multiplexing of telephone channels - frequency division multiplexing, FDM hierarchy, composite base-band signals, formation of groups, super groups, master groups and radio channel, wavelength division multiplexing. Traffic analysis: traffic characterization and measurement, arrival and holding time distributions, loss systems, lost call estimation, network blocking probabilities. Unit III Digital telephony: Introduction, advantages and disadvantages of digital voice network, voice digitization, time division multiplexing of PCM signals, digital carrier, Super-frame TDM format, Fractional T Carrier Service, Digital hierarchy, Master Group and Commercial TV, Picture Phone Terminal, Data Terminal, Digital Carrier Line Encoding, Duty Cycle, Bandwidth Requirement, Clock and Framing Bit Recovery, Error Detection, T Carrier System, T-1 Carrier System, , Statistical TDM, Codec and Combo Chips. Unit IV Digital transmission: Introduction, digital data and digital signal, pulse transmission, inter-symbol, interference, synchronous and asynchronous transmission, line coding – level encoding, bipolar coding, Code Space redundancy, N zero substitution, Pair Selected ternary, Ternary coding, digital bi-phase, differential encoding, coded mark inversion, multilevel signaling, partial response signaling, error performance, performance monitoring, time division multiplexing - Bit vs Word Interleaving, framing, TDM loops and rings. Unit V Digital switching: Switching function, space division switching, multistage switching, non-blocking switches, blocking probabilities, four wire switches, switch matrix control, time division switching – analog and digital, two dimensional switching, multi stage time and space switching, STS and TST switching, digital cross connect systems, digital switching in analog environment. References:

1. W. Tomasi: Advanced Electronic Communication Systems, 6th Edition, PHI 2. W. Tomasi: Electronic Communication Systems, Pearson Education 3. John C.Bellamy: Digital Telephony, 3rd Edition, Willey India Pvt. Limited 4. T. Vishwanathan: Telecommunication Switching Systems and Networks, PHI. 5. James Martin: Telecommunication and Computers, PHI 6. G. F. Snyder: Introduction to Telecommunication Networks, Vikas Publishing House. 7. Cole Marion: Introduction to Telecommunication, Pearson Education.



COURSE: EC-502 Electromagnetic Theory Category of

course Course Title Course

code Credit-4C Theory paper (ES)


Electromagnetic Theory EC-502 L 3

T 1

P 0


Course Contents Unit I Review of vector calculus, orthogonal coordinate systems, gradient, divergence and curl. Laplacian operator for scalar and vectors. Vector integral and differential identities and theorems. Phasor representation of harmonic variation of scalar and vectors Static electric fields, Columb’s law, electric flux density and electric field intensity, permittivity, dielectric constant, field of distributed charges in free space, potential function, Laplace’s and Poisson’s equations, electric dipole, stored electric energy density. Boundary conditions at abrupt discontinuities between two media including conducting boundaries, surface charge distribution capacitance between two isolated conductors Unit II Solution of Laplace’s equations in systems of dielectric and conducting boundaries, uniqueness theorem, two dimensional boundary condition problems, solution by symmetry, conformal transformation of functions, image theory etc. fields in parallel wire, parallel plane and coaxial systems. Static currents and magnetic fields- flow of charge in conductive media, lossy conductive medium, current density, specific conductivity, mobility, explanation of Ohm’s law employing mobility. Magnetic effects of current flow, Biot-Savart’s law in vector form magnetic field intensity, magnetic flux, and permeability, closed loop currents, Ampere’s circuital law in integral and differential vector form, magnetic vector potential and related equations. Problems related to straight wire toroidal and cylindrical solenoids, inductance. Boundary conditions on magnetic field, equivalent surface currents for abrupt discontinuity of magnetic field. Unit III Time varying fields – Faraday’s law in integral and differential forms, displacement current concept, Maxwell’s equations in differential and integral forms, wave equations in source free region electric and magnetic stored energy density, continuity equation, Poynting vector theorem. Time harmonic fields, r.m.s. phasor representation of field vectors, Maxwell’s equations for TH field, average energy density, complex Poynting vector, duality concept. Helmholtz wave equation, general solution in free space in various coordinates, plane polarized wave in free space, properties of plane waves, wave front, power flow, stored energy density. Unit IV Circular and elliptic polarization, resolution in terms of linear polarized waves and vice- versa. Plane waves in lossy medium, low loss dielectric, good conducting and ionized media, complex permittivity, loss tangent, skin depth, transmission line analogy, boundary conditions at perfect conductor surface, surface current density Interference of two plane waves traveling at oblique directions. Unit V Reflection and refraction of plane waves at dielectric media and conducting Surfaces, Brewster’s angle, total internal reflection, resultant fields and power flow in both media. Frequency dispersive propagation, phase velocity and group velocity. Magnetic vector potential for sources in free space, retarded potential, radiation principles, boundary condition at infinity References:

1. Mathew N.O Sadiku: Elements of Electromagnetic, Oxford University Press 2. William H. Hayt: Engineering Electromagnetic, TMH. 3. John D. Kraus: Electromagnetics, Mc. Graw Hill. 4. Jordan Balmian: Electromagnetic wave and Radiating System, PHI. 5. David K. Cheng: Electromagnetic Fields and Wave, Addison Wesley. 6. Ramo, Whinnerry and VanDuzzer “ Fields and waves in communication electronics “, Wiley 1984 7. Harrington RF, “Electromagnetic fields” Mc Graw Hill


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL PROGRAMME: Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering

COURSE: EC-503 Digital Communication Category of

course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Theory paper (ES)


Digital Communication

EC- 503 L 3

T 1

P 2


Course Contents Unit-I Random Processes Random variables:- Cumulative distribution function, Probability density function, Mean, Variance and standard deviations of random variable, Gaussian distribution, Error function, Correlation and autocorrelation, Central-limit theorem, Error probability, Power Spectral density of digital data. Unit-II Pulse Modulation Analog Signals:- Sampling of Signal, Sampling Theorem for Low Pass and Band Pass Signals, Aliasing, Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), Time Division Multiplexing (TDM), Channel Bandwidth for PAM-TDM Signal, Types of Sampling, Instantaneous, Natural and Flat Top (Mathematical and Spectral Analysis), Aperture Effect, Introduction to Pulse Position and Pulse Duration Modulation. Unit-III Pulse Code Modulation Digital Signal:- Quantization, Quantization Error, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Signal-to-Noise Ratio in PCM, Companding, Data Rate and Bandwidth of Multiplexed PCM Signal, Inter-symbol Interference, Differential PCM (DPCM), Delta Modulation (DM), and Adaptive Delta Modulation (ADM), Comparison of various system in terms of Bandwidth and Signal-to-Noise Ratio. Unit-IV Digital Modulation Techniques :- Analysis, Generation and Detection (Block Diagram), Spectrum and Bandwidth of Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK), Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK), Offset and Non-offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK), M-ary PSK, Binary Frequency Shift Keying (BFSK), M-ary FSK, Minimum Shift Keying, Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM), Comparison of digital modulation techniques on the basis of probability of error, Matched Filter. Unit–V Spread Spectrum Modulation Introduction to Spread Spectrum modulation, Generation and Characteristics of p-n Sequences, Direct sequence Spread Spectrum System, Spread Spectrum with Code division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum. References:

1. Taub and Schilling: Principles of Communication System, TMH 2. Simon Haykins: Communication Systems, 4th Edition, John Wiley. 3. Singh and Sapre: Communication System, TMH 4. B.P. Lathi: Modern Analog and Digital Communication System, Oxford University Press 5. Tomasi: Advanced Electronics Communication Systems, 6th Edition, PHI 6. Couch: Digital and Analog Communication, Pearson Education. 7. David Smith : Digital Transmission Systems, Springer- Macmillan India Ltd

List of Experiments:

Simulation of different modulation techniques using Scilab (Freeware-Downloadable from www.Scilab.org) /Matlab/Any Similar Software. Plotting of signal constellation diagrams and signals (modulated/ unmodulated). Calculation of Bit error rates BER and comparison of various modulation techniques. 1. Study of Sampling Process and Signal Reconstruction and Aliasing. 2. Study of PAM, PPM and PDM. 3. Study of PCM Transmitter and Receiver. 4. Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) and Demultiplexing. 5. Study of ASK, PSK and FSK Transmitter and Receiver.



COURSE: EC-504 Microprocessor, Microcontroller and Embedded Systems Category of


L T P Departmental Core (DC-9)

Microprocessor, Microcontroller and Embedded Systems

EC- 504

3 1 2


Course Contents Unit -I Microprocessor 8086 Architecture - BIU and EU, Registers, Pin Diagram, Memory Addressing, Clock Generator 8284, Buffers and Latches, Maximum and Minimum Modes. Unit -II Addressing Modes, Instruction set of 8086, Assembly Language Programming, Assemblers, Procedures, Macros, Interrupts, 8086 Based Multiprocessor Systems - Coprocessors (8087 NDP), Closely and Loosely Coupled Multiprocessor Systems (8089 IOP). Unit -III Interfacing Chips- IC 8155 (Static Ram with I/O Ports and Timer), 8755 (EPROM with I/O Ports), 8251A (USART), 8255A (Programmable Peripheral Interface), 8253/8254 (Programmable Interval Timer/Counter), 8257 (DMA Controller), 8259A (Programmable Interrupt Controller). Unit -IV Microcontrollers - Microcontroller 8051- Architecture, Pin Diagram, I/O Ports, Internal RAM and Registers, Interrupts, Addressing Modes, Memory Organization and External Addressing, Instruction Set, Assembly Language Programming, Real Time Applications of Microcontroller- Interfacing with LCD, ADC, DAC, Stepper Motor, Key Board and Sensors. Unit -V Embedded Systems-Introduction, Classification, Processors, Hardware Units, Software Embedded into System, Applications and Products of Embedded Systems, Structural Units in Processor, Memory Devices, I/O Devices, Buses, Interfacing of Processor Memory and I/O Devices, Case Study of an Embedded System for a Smart Card. References:

1. B. B. Brey: The Intel Microprocessors, Architecture, Programming and Interfacing, Pearson Education. 2. Liu Gibson: Microcomputer Systems: The 8086/8088 Family- Architecture, Programming and Design , PHI 3. D. V. Hall: Microprocessors and Interfacing, TMH. 4. Mazidi and Mazidi: The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems, Pearson Education. 5. Ayala Kenneth:- The 8051 microcontroller, Third Edition, Cengage Learning 6. A. V. Deshmukh: Microcontroller (Theory and Application), TMH. 7. Raj Kamal: Embedded Systems- Architecture, Programming and Design, TMH, New Delhi. 8. V. Udayashankara and M. S. Mallikarjunaswamy: 8051 Microcontroller, TMH, New Delhi.


1. Assembly Language Programs of Microprocessor 8086, 2. Assembly Language Programs of Microcontroller 8051. 3. Assembly Language Programs for Interfacing Chips.


RAJIV GANDHI PROUDYOGIKI VISHWAVIDYALAYA, BHOPAL PROGRAMME: Electronics and Telecommunication

COURSE: EC-505 CMOS VLSI Design Category Course Course Title Course Code Credit-6C Theory Paper (ES)


CMOS VLSI Design

EC-505 3 1 2

Max. Marks-100 Min. Marks: 35 Duration: 3 Hrs.

Course Contents Unit -I Introduction CMOS Logic: Inverter, NAND Gate, Combinational Logic, NOR Gate, Compound Gates, Pass Transistors and Transmission Gates, Tristates, Multiplexers, Latches and Flip-Flops, CMOS Fabrication and Layout: Inverter Cross-section, Fabrication Process, Layout Design rules, Gate Layout, Stick Diagrams. VLSI Design Flow. MOS Transistor Theory: Ideal I-V Characteristics, C-V Characteristics: MOS Capacitance Models, MOS Gate Capacitance Model, MOS Diffusion Capacitance Model. Non ideal I-V Effects: Velocity Saturation and Mobility Degradation, Channel Length Modulation, Body Effect, Subthreshold Conduction, Junction Leakage, Tunneling, Temp. and Geometry Dependence. DC Transfer characteristics: Complementary CMOS Inverter DC Characteristics, Beta Ratio Effects, Noise Margin, Ratioed Inverter Transfer Function, Pass Transistor DC Characteristics, Tristate Inverter, Switch- Level RC Delay Models. Unit -II CMOS Processing Technology CMOS Technologies: Background, Wafer Formation, Photolithography, Well and Channel Formation, Silicon Dioxide (SiO2), Isolation, Gate Oxide, Gate and Source/Drain Formation, Contacts and Metallization, Passivation, Metrology. Layout Design Rules: Design Rules Background, Scribe Line and Other Structures, MOSIS Scalable CMOS Design Rules, Micron Design Rules. CMOS Process Enhancements: Transistors, Interconnect, Circuit Elements, Beyond Conventional CMOS. Unit -III Circuit Characterization and Performance Estimation Delay Estimation: RC Delay Models, Linear Delay Model, Logical Effort, Parasitic Delay. Logical Effort and Transistor Sizing: Delay in a Logic Gate, Delay in Multistage Logic Networks, choosing the Best Number of Stages. Power Dissipation: Static Dissipation, Dynamic Dissipation, Low-Power Design. Interconnect: Resistance, Capacitance, Delay, Crosstalk. Design Margin: Supply Voltage, Temperature, Process Variation, Design Corners. Reliability, Scaling. Unit -IV Analog Circuits MOS Small-signal Model, Common Source Amplifier, The CMOS Inverter as an Amplifier, Current Mirrors, Differential Pairs, Simple CMOS Operational Amplifier, Digital to Analog Converters, Analog to Digital Converters, RF Circuits. Unit -V Combinational Circuit Design Circuit Families: Static CMOS, Ratioed Circuits, Cascode Voltage Switch Logic, Dynamic Circuits, Differential Circuits, Sense Amplifier Circuits, BiCMOS Circuits, Low Power Logic Design, Comparison of Circuit Families. Standard Cell Design: Cell Hierarchies, Cell Libraries, Library Entries, Cell Shapes and Floor Planning. References:

1. Neil H.E. Weste, David Harris, Ayan Banerjee: CMOS VLSI Design, Third Edition, Pearson Education. 2. Neil H.E. Weste, Kamran Eshraghian: Principle of CMOS VLSI Design, Pearson Education. 3. J. P. Uyemura: Chip Design for Submicron VLSI, Cengage Learning. 4. Philip E. Allen and Douglas R Holberg: CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Oxford 5. Carver Mead and Lynn Conway: Introduction to VLSI systems, BS Publication. 6. J. P. Uyemura: Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, Wiley. 7. Plummer: Silicon VLSI Technology, Pearson Education.


1. Design of MOS Generator Using any Electronic Design Automation (EDA)- eg. Microwind / Cadence / Sylvaco / Tanner silicon HiPer / Xilinx ISE 9i or any similar software

2. DC MOSFET Curves using EDA.


3. Design of CMOS Logic Gates using EDA. 4. Draw the following CMOS circuits using 0.12 µm and 65 nm technology and simulate for transfer

characteristics along with 2D and 3D view from 450 angles. Compare power consumption and rise/fall delays in both technologies:

a. CMOS Inverter with 0.1pF and 0.1fF capacitance loads, in both cases with equal rise and fall times. Plot output eye diagram also.

b. CMOS NAND and NOR gates with 0.01pF load and equal rise and fall times. Comment on area requirement of both gates.

5. To design Current Mirror using CMOS 0.18 micron Technology. 6. Design a basic differential amplifier circuit using current mirror logic. Show gain of amplifier and comment

on bandwidth. 7. Design the Schmitt trigger circuit with UTP= 4.5 V and LTP = 2.0 V. Plot transfer curve analysis (with

hysteresis effect) VO versus VI. 8. Design a 2-bit parallel adder from schematic and its CMOS layout. List global delay of all nodes. Identify

the critical path and comment on its optimization.



COURSE: EC-506 Software Lab-II- Hardware Description Languages Category Course

Course Title Course Code Credit-6C Practical Exam

L T P IT-4 Software Lab-II

EC-506 0 0 4

Max. Marks-50

Course Contents

SECTION A: ELECTRONIC DESIGN AUTOMATION SOFTWARE

Introduction to EDA environment, eg. Microwind / Cadence / Sylvaco / Tanner silicon HiPer / Xilinx ISE 9i / any similar software / Any Freeware - EDA, its study and simulation/analysis/design of circuits. (The EDA tool package should have equal number of perpetual licenses for all modules and should have GUI)

SECTION B: VERILOG

Introduction, Language Element, Expression, Gate Level Modeling, User-Defined Primitives, Data Flow Modeling, Behavioral Modeling, Structural Modeling, Synthesize, Verilog Constructs To G ate, Modeling- Combinational Logic, Modeling-Sequential Logic, Modeling A Memory.

SECTION C: VHDL

Introduction, Entity Declaration, Architecture Body, Configuration and Package Declaration, Package Body, Model Analysis, Simulation, Basic Language Elements, Behavioral Modeling, Data Flow Modeling, Structural Modeling.

References: 1. J. Bhasker: A Verilog HDL Primer, New Edition, Pearson Education. 2. J. Bhasker: A Verilog HDL Synthesis, BS Publication. 3. D. L. Perry: VHDL: Programming by Example, TMH. 4. V. A. Pedroni: Circuit Design with VHDL, PHI. 5. J. R. Armstrong and F. G. Gray: VHDL Design Representation and Synthesis, Pearson Education. 6. Palnitkar: VHDL, Pearson Education. 7. Software Manuals.


Section A: Study and Experiments based on EDA environment. Section B and C:Simulation of Following Using Verilog/VHDL. 1. Half Adder, Full Adder, Subtractor, Flip-Flop’s, 4-bit Comparators 2. Multiplexers - 2:1, 4:1 and 8:1 3. Parity Generator. 4. 4 Bit Up/Down Counter with Loadable Count. 5. Decoders – 6. 2:4, 3:8 and 4:16. 7. 8-bit Shift Resistors. 8. Barauel Shifter. 9. Design of 8-bit Arithmetic unit. 10. N by M Binary Multiplier.



COURSE: EC-601 Data Communication and Networks Category of



Data Communication and Networks

EC- 601

3 1 0


Course Contents Unit – I Introduction to Data Communication and Networks: Data Communication, Networks – Physical structures; different topologies, Categories of Networks: LAN, MAN, WAN, Interconnection of networks, The Internet, Protocols and Standards, Standards Organizations. Network Models, Layered tasks, The OSI model, different layers in OSI model. TCP/IP protocol suite ; different layers, addressing, - physical, logical, port and specific addresses, Analog and digital, digital signals-Bit Length, Digital Signal as a Composite Ana log Signal, Transmission of Digital Signals, Data Rate Limits-Noiseless Channel, Noisy Channel. Unit – II Physical Layer : Digital-to-Digital Conversion-Line Coding, Line Coding Scheme, Block Coding, Scrembling. Multiplexing – Frequency Division, Wavelength Division, Synchronous Time Division, Statistical Time Division Multiplexing. Circuit-Switched Networks – Three Phases, Efficiency, Delay. Datagram Networks - Routing Table, Efficiency, Delay, Datagram Networks in the Internet. Virtual Circuit Networks - Addressing, Three Phases, Efficiency, Delay, Circuit Switched Technology in WANs. Structure of Circuit and Packet switches, Dial-up Modems, Digital Subscriber Line - ADSL, ADSL Lite, HDSL, SDSL, VDSL, Cable TV for Data Transfer- Bandwidth, Sharing, CM and CMTS, Data Transmission Schemes. Unit – III Data Link Layer: Introduction - Types of Errors, Redundancy, Detection Vs Correction, Forward Error Correction Vs Retransmission, Modular Arithmetic. Block Coding - Error Detection, Error Correction, Hamming Distance, Minimum Hamming Distance. Linear Block Codes, Cyclic Codes - Cyclic Redundancy Check, Hardware Implementation, Polynomials, Cyclic Code Analysis, Advantages. Checksum, Framing - Fixed and Variable-Size. Flow and Error Control, Protocols, Noiseless Channels – Simplest and Stop-and-Wait Protocols. Noisy Channels - Stop-and-Wait Automatic Repeat Request, Go-Back-N Automatic Repeat Request, Selective Repeat Automatic Repeat Request. Unit - IV Medium Access: Random Access- ALOHA, Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA), Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA). Controlled Access-Reservation, Polling, Token Passing. Channelization- Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time-Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA). IEEE Standards, Standard Ethernet, Changes in the Standard, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet, IEEE 802.11- Architecture, MAC Sub layer, Addressing Mechanism, Physical Layer. Bluetooth- Architecture, Radio Layer, Baseband Layer, L2CAP. Unit V Connecting LANs: Connecting Devices- Passive Hubs, Repeaters, Active Hubs, Bridges, Two-Layer Switches, Three-Layer Switches, Gateway. Backbone Networks-Bus, Star, Connecting Remote LANs. Virtual LANs - Membership, Configuration, Communication between Switches, Network layer – logical addressing - . IPv4Addresses- Address Space, Notation, Classful Addressing, Classless Addressing, Network Address Translation (NAT). IPv6 Addresses - Structure and Address Space. Internetworking - Need for Network Layer, Internet as a Datagram Network, Internet as a Connectionless Network. IPv4- Datagram, Fragmentation, Checksum, Options. IPv6 - Advantages, Packet Format, Extension Headers. Transition from IPv4 to IPv6. Address Mapping- Logical to Physical Address, Physical to Logical Address, Routing – Delivery forwarding techniques and processes, routing table,, Unicast routing protocols – Optimization, inter domain, intra domain, distance vector, link state and path vector routing, Multicast routing protocol - Unicast, multicast and broadcast, applications, multicast routing and routing protocols. References:

1. B. A. Forouzan and Sophia Chung Fegan: Data Communications and Networking, 4th Ed, TMH. 2. W. Tomasi: Introduction to Data Communications and Networking, Pearson Education. 3. A. S. Tanenbaum: Computer Networks, Pearson Education. 4. W. Stalling: Data and Computer Communication, Pearson Education.


5. P. C. Gupta: Data Communications and Computer Networks, PHI. 6. A. Elahi and M. Elahi: Data Network and Internet-Communications Technology, Cengage Learning. 7. Duck: Data Communication and Networking, Pearson Education.



COURSE: EC-602 Cellular Mobile Comm. Category of



Cellular Mobile Communication

EC- 602

3 1 0


Course Contents Unit-I Introduction to cellular mobile system, a basic cellular system, performance criteria, Uniqueness of mobile radio environment, Operation of cellular systems, Planning of cellular system. Elements of Cellular Radio System Design: General description of problem, Concept of frequency reuse, channels, Co channel interference, reduction factor, Hand off mechanisms, Cell splitting, Consideration of the components of cellular systems. Unit-II Co-channel Interference, real time co-channel interference measurement at mobile radio transceivers, Design of antenna system - Omni directional and directional, Lowering the antenna height, Reduction of co-channel interference, Umbrella- Pattern effect, Diversity receiver, Designing a system to serve a predefined area that experiences Co-Channel Interference. Types of Non co-channel interference- adjacent channel Interference, Near-End-Far-End interference, Effects on Near-End mobile units, Cross-Talk, Effects on coverage and interference by applying power decrease, antenna height decrease, Beam Tilting, Effects of cell site Components, Interference between systems, UHF TV Interference, long distance interference. Unit-III Cell coverage for signal and traffic : General introduction, Obtaining the mobile point-to-point model, Propagation over water or flat open area, foliage loss, propagation in near in distance, long distance propagation, point-to-point prediction model, Cell site antenna heights and signal coverage cells, Mobile-to-mobile propagation. Cell site antennas and mobile antennas: Equivalent circuits of antennas, Gain and Pattern Relationship, Sum and Difference patterns, Antennas at cell site, mobile antennas. Unit-IV Frequency management and Channel Assignment: Frequency management, Frequency spectrum utilization, Setup channels, Fixed channels assignment, Non-fixed channel assignment algorithms, Traffic and channel assignment. Handoffs and Dropped Calls: Types of Handoff, Initiation of Handoff, Delaying a Handoff, Forced Handoff, Queuing of Handoff, Power- Difference Handoff, Mobile Assisted Handoff and Soft Handoff, Cell-site Handoff and Intersystem Handoff, Dropped Call Rate. Unit-V Digital Cellular System: GSM, Architecture, Layer Modeling, Transmission, GSM channels and Channel Modes, Multiple Access Scheme: CDMA, Terms of CDMA systems, output power limits and control, Modulation characteristics, Call processing, Hand off procedures. Miscellaneous Mobile Systems: TDD Systems, Cordless Phone, PDC, PCN, PCS, Non Cellular Systems, Mobile Integrated Radio Systems, Mobile Satellite Communication. References:

1. Lee: Cellular and Mobile Communication, 2nd edition, McGraw Hill. 2. D. P. Agrawal and Q. An Zeng: Wireless and Mobile Systems, Cengage Learning, 2006. 3. Faher Kamilo: Wireless Digital Communication, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2006. 4. G. J. Mullet: Introduction to Wireless Telecommunication Systems and Networks, Cengage Learning. 5. Raj Kamal: Mobile Computing, Oxford University Press.



COURSE: EC--603 Digital Signal Processing Category of



Digital Signal Processing

EC- 603

3 1 0


Course Contents Unit – I Discrete-Time Signals and Systems Discrete-Time Signals, Discrete-Time Systems, Analysis of Discrete-Time Linear Time-Invariant Systems, Discrete Time systems described by Difference Equation, Implementation of Discrete-Time Systems, Signal flow Graph representation of digital network, matrix representation. Unit - II The z-Transform: The Direct z-transform, Properties of the z-transform, Rational z-transforms, Inversion of the z-transform, analysis of Linear Time-Invariant systems in the z- domain. Unit - III Frequency Analysis of Discrete Time Signals: Discrete Fourier series (DFS), Properties of the DFS, Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT), Properties of DFT, Two dimensional DFT, Circular Convolution. Unit - IV Efficient Computation of the DFT: FFT algorithms, decimation in time algorithm, Decimation in frequency algorithm, Decomposition for ‘N’ composite number. Unit - V Digital filters Design Techniques: Design of IIR and FIR digital filters, Impulse invariant and bilinear transformation, windowing techniques- rectangular and other windows, Examples of FIR filters, design using Windowing. References:

1. A.V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer: Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall. 2. Ingle VK and Proakis John G : Digital Signal Processing A MATLab based Approach, Cengage Learning 3. L.R. Rabiner and B. Gold: Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall 4. John. G. Proakis and Monolakis: Digital Signal Processing, Pearson Education 5. Johnny R. Johnson: Introduction to Digital Signal Processing, PHI, New Delhi. 6. Salivahanan and Vallavraj: Digital Signal Processing, Mc Graw Hill. 7. S. K. Mitra: Digital Signal Processing- A Computer based Approach, Mc Graw Hill. 8. Schilling and Harris: Fundamentals of DSP using MATLAB, Cengage Learning.

List of experiments: The following practicals should be performed using Scilab/ Matlab/ any DSP simulation software like MentorDSP

1. Generation, analysis and plots of discrete-time signals. 2. Implementation of operations on sequences (addition, multiplication, scaling, shifting, folding etc). 3. Implementation of Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems and testing them for stability and causality. 4. Computation and plot of DTFT of sequences, verification of properties of DTFT. 5. Computation and plots of z-transforms, verification of properties of z-transforms. 6. Computation and plot of DFT of sequences, verification of properties of DFT. 7. Computation and plots of linear/circular convolution of two sequences. 8. Computation of radix-2 FFT- Decimation in time and Decimation in frequency. 9. Implementation of IIR and FIR filter structures (direct, cascade, parallel etc). 10. Implementation of various window design techniques (Rectangular, Bartlett, Hann, Hamming etc).



COURSE: EC- 604 Microwave Engineering Category of



Microwave Engineering

EC- 604

3 1 2


Course Contents Unit-I Microwave Transmission System General representation of E M field in terms of TEM, TE and TM components, Uniform guide structures, rectangular wave guides, Circular Wave guides, Solution in terms of various modes, Properties of propagating and evanescent modes, Dominant modes, Normalized model voltages and currents, Power flow and energy storage in modes frequency range of operation for single mode working, effect of higher order modes, Strip line and micro strip lines-general properties, Comparison of coaxial, Micro strip and rectangular wave guides in terms of band width, power handling capacity, economical consideration etc. Unit-II Microwave Networks and Component Transmission line ports of microwave network, Scattering matrix, Properties of scattering matrix of reciprocal, nonreciprocal, loss less, Passive networks, Examples of two, three and four port networks, wave guide components like attenuator, Phase shifters and couplers, Flanges, Bends, Irises, Posts, Loads, Principle of operation and properties of E-plane, H-plane Tee junctions of wave guides, Hybrid T, Multi-hole directional coupler, Directional couplers, Microwave resonators- rectangular. Excitation of wave guide and resonators by couplers. Principles of operation of nonreciprocal devices, properties of ferrites, Isolators and phase shifters.

Unit-III Microwave Solid State Devices and Application PIN diodes, Properties and applications, Microwave detector diodes, detection characteristics, Varactor diodes, parametric amplifier fundamentals, Manley-Rowe power relation MASER, LASER , Amplifiers, Frequency converters and harmonic generators using Varactor diodes, Transferred electron devices, Gunn effect, Various modes of operation of Gunn oscillator, IMPATT, TRAPATT and BARITT. Unit-IV Microwave Vacuum Tube Devices Interaction of electron beam with electromagnetic field, power transfer condition. Principles of working of two cavity and Reflex Klystrons, arrival time curve and oscillation conditions in reflex klystrons, mode-frequency characteristics. Effect of repeller voltage variation on power and frequency of output. Principle of working of magnetrons. Electron dynamics in planar and cylindrical magnetrons, Cutoff magnetic field, Resonant cavities in magnetron, Π-mode operation Mode separation techniques, Rising sun cavity and strapping. Principle of working of TWT amplifier. Slow wave structures, Approximate gain relationship in forward wave TWT. Unit-V Microwave Measurements Square law detection, Broadband and tuned detectors. Wave-guide probes, Probe and detector mounts, Slotted line arrangement and VSWR meter, Measurement of wave-guide impedance at load port by slotted line, Microwave bench components and source modulation. Measurement of scattering matrix parameters, High, Medium and low-level power measurement techniques, Characteristics of bolometers, bolometer mounts, Power measurement bridges, Microwave frequency measurement techniques, calibrated resonators (transmission and absorption type). Network Analyzer and its use in measurements. References:

1. Y. S. Liao: Microwave Devices, PHI. 2. R. E. Collins: Foundations of Microwave Engineering, 2nd Edition, Wiley Publications. 3. J.H. Reich: Microwave Principles, East West Press. 4. D. M. Pozar: Microwave Engineering, 3rd Edition, Wiley Publications.


List of Experiment: Following illustrative practical should be simulated with the help of any RF simulation software e.g. FEKO / HFSS / IE3D / Microwave Office / Microwave Studio or any other similar software:-

1. Study the characteristics of Klystron Tube and to determine its electronic tuning range. 2. To determine the frequency and wavelength in a rectangular wave-guide working on TE10 mode. 3. To determine the Standing Wave-Ratio and reflection coefficient. 4. To measure an unknown impedance with Smith Chart. 5. To study the V-I characteristics of Gunn Diode. 6. To study the following characteristics of Gunn Diode.

(a) Output power and frequency as a function of voltage. (b) Square wave modulation through PIN diode.

7. Study the function of Magic Tee by measuring the following parameters. (a) Measurement of VSWR at different ports and (b) Measurement of isolation and coupling coefficient.

8. Study the function of Isolator / Circulator by measuring the following parameters. (a) Input VSWR measurement of Isolator / Circulator. (b) Measurement of insertion loss and isolation.

9. Study the function of Attenuator (Fixed and Variable type) by measuring the following parameters. (a) Input VSWR measurement. (b) Measurement of insertion loss and attenuation.

10. Study the function of Multi Hole Directional Coupler by measuring the following parameters. (a) To measure main line and auxiliary line VSWR. (b) To measure the coupling factor and directivity.

11. Study of a network analyzer and measurements using it.



COURSE: EC-605 Communication Network and Transmission Lines Category of



Communication Network and

Transmission Lines

EC-605

3 1 2


Course Contents Unit – I Characteristic Parameters of symmetrical and asymmetrical two port networks and their design: image impedance, iterative impedance, characteristic impedance, propagation coefficient, image transfer coefficient ,iterative transfer coefficient, Lattice and Bridged-T networks, reactive matching networks, matching techniques, Insertion Loss, symmetrical and asymmetrical attenuators and their design. Unit – II Passive LC Filters: Analysis and design of Low pass, high pass, band pass and band elimination filters, m-derived filters, composite filters, Filter specifications, Butterworth approximation, Chebyshev approximation, elliptic function approximation, frequency transformation. Unit – III Positive real function, LC, RL, RC, and RLC network synthesis, Foster and Cauer network, minimum positive real function, Brune’s method, Bott-Duffin method, Synthesis-Coefficient. Unit – IV Transmission line fundamentals: Lumped parameter equivalent, voltage and current on a transmission line, infinite line, characteristic impedance and propagation constant, waveform distortion, attenuation and phase equalizers, distortion-less line, loading, liner reflection on a line, reflection coefficient, input and transfer impedances, open circuit and short circuit line, reflection factors, reflection loss, insertion loss, T and π equivalents of a line, location of line fault. Construction and design of two wire line and coaxial cable. Unit – V Line at radio frequencies, parameters of line and coaxial cable at radio frequencies, dissipation-less line, voltage and current on a dissipation-less line, standing waves, standing wave ratio, input impedance of open circuit and short circuit, power and impedance measurement on lines, eighth-wave, quarter-wave and half wave line, circle diagram, Smith chart, solution of problems using Smith chart, single and double stub matching .introduction to micro-strip lines and its analysis. References:

1. J.D. Ryder: Networks and Transmission Lines, 2nd edition, PHI 2. M.E. Valkenberg: Introduction to Modern Network synthesis, Wiley Eastern Ltd. 3. G.K. Mithal: Network Analysis, Khanna Publishers. 4. Umesh Sinha: Networks and Transmission Lines, Satya Prakashan. 5. Suresh: Electric Circuits and Networks, Pearson Education.


Following illustrative practical should be simulated with the help of any RF simulation software e.g. FEKO / HFSS / IE3D / Microwave Office / Microwave Studio or any other similar software:-

1. To set up Transmission Line Analyzer for measurements. 2. To set up the standing waves formation on a transmission line and observe their maxima and minima using

frequency domain method. 3. To measure the characteristic impedance of transmission lines using frequency domain method and to

differentiate between the matched and unmatched lines. 4. To measure the VSWR, reflection coefficient and return loss in a transmission line. 5. To measure the dielectric constant of insulator in the transmission line. 6. To measure the velocity of propagation and wavelength in the given transmission line. 7. To study the attenuation characteristics of signal along a transmission line and observe its variation with

frequency. Also calculate the phase constant and propagation constant. 8. To study the effect of reactive loads on transmission lines. 9. To study the difference between lossy and loss less line.


10. To study the physical dimensions of transmission line and estimation of characteristic impedance. 11. To study behavior of infinite and short lines. 12. To study the operation of Balun transformer. 13. To study the loading of transmission lines and estimate the cut off frequency of a loaded line. 14. To study the use of coaxial lines as tuned circuits and delay lines. 15. To study the input and output impedance of any RF circuits and match it to 50/75 ohms. 16. Simulation of various filters.



COURSE: EC-606 Minor Project Category of

course Course Title Course code Credit-6C Practical Exam


Minor Project EC-606

0 0 4

Max. Marks-50

Course Contents Circuits/ Projects based on courses studied/ covered in previous semesters and in this semester should be

designed/ simulated/ fabricated in the institution laboratories and a report should be submitted.

Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP)

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Transcript of Rajiv Gandhi Technological University, Bhopal (MP)