Rajan World Inland Fisheries

7/30/2019 Rajan World Inland Fisheries

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OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL INLANDFISHERIES

PREPARED & PRESENTED BY:RAJAN KUMAR

FRM-MA2-01


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INTRODUCTION Inland fish production comprises of

Inland capture fisheries

aquaculture

Inland capture fisheries-imp.component of

fisheries

Discontinuous over the world landmass

Various component of inland fisheries are:

Riverine fisheries

Reservoir fisheries

Locustrine fisheries

Flood plains /wetland fisheries


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SIGNIFICANCE OF INLANDFISHERIES IN HUMAN DIET

Sixth major supplier of animal protien globally

In bangladesh inland fisheries represents over64% of animal protein produced

Nearly 38% of inland catch is produced in 71LIFDCs

Note: the figures are of 2007


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CONTRIBUTION OF INLAND FISHERIES TO GLOBALFISH PRODUCTION(FAO,SOFIA 2012)


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WORLD INLAND CAPTURE FISHPRODUCTION

11.2 million tonnes

An increase of 30% since 2004

India recorded increase in production by 0.54million tonnes over 2009

Myanmar & china by 0.10 million tonnes over2009

Asia's share is approaching 70% to globalproduction


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COMPARISON B/W INLAND & MARINECAPTURE FISHERIES

V/S


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TRENDS IN INLAND FISHERIESV/S TOTAL FISHERIES

Inland catches are increasing linearly by 2.93%/yr.From 1950 to 2009(review of R.L welcomme).

Global fish production is increasing @ 3.2% over aperiod of 1960-2009(SOFIA 2012)

Inland water capture production continued to growcontinuously,with an overall increase of 2.6 milliontonnes in the period 2004-2010


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FAO MAJOR INLAND FISHING AREA

Total there are 27 fishing areas

Out of them 8 are inland fishing areas The inland fishing areas are:

Africa(fishing area 01)

N. America(fishing area 02) S. America(fishing area 03)

Asia(fishing area 04)

Europe(fishing area 05) Oceania(fishing area 06)

Former USSR(fishing area 07)

Antarctica(fishing area 08)


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RIVER SYSTEM OF THE WORLD

Global river main channel length=269000km

Highest density in S. America and least inOceania

Rivers contribute substantially to inland capturedirectly or even indirectly through flood plains.

Catches from rivers are often underestimated

Major river system of world are: Nile(6690 km);Amazon(6296 km); Ganga(2506 km) & Mekong


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RESERVOIRS OF THE WORLD

> 60,000 Large resevoirs in world(>15m damheight).

400,000 km2 in water surface & 6500 km3 in

volume. Asia 65% in number & 31% in volume.

Asia tops in reservoirs in terms of area followed

by north America. Major reservoirs of world:LAKE VOLTA (8482 KM2)

GHANA;SMALL WOOD RESERVOIR (6527KM2)CANADA.KUYBYSHEV RESERVOIR (645O

KM2

)RUSSIA.


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LAKES OF WORLD Perennial lakes=1.7 million km2

Large lakes(>100km2)=1 million km2

N. america is leading in lake surface area.

Large no. of lakes are present in temperate region.

Lakes are less common in tropical asia Tonle sap lake in combodia & lake tempe in Indonesia

are imp. From fisheries point of view.

East africa is also endowed with several lakes of

fishery importance.

Imp. Lakes are caspian sea, superior ,victoria &tanganyika


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FLOOD PLAINS OF THE WORLD

Low lying inundated by lateral flow of riverdefines flood plain

Swamps ,marshes & other wetlands= 4 million

km2

Highly nutrient rich ecosystem

Can sustain considerable fishing pressure.

GLOBAL INLAND WATER


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GLOBAL INLAND WATERDISTRIBUTION (FAO)

O


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CONTINENTS BY TREND


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INLAND FISHERIES TREND INDIFFERENT PART OF ASIA


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INLAND FISHERIES TREND INDIFFERENT PARTS OF AFRICA

INLAND FISHERIES TREND IN


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INLAND FISHERIES TREND INDIFFERENT PART OF AMERICA &

EUROPE


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MAIN GROUPS OF ORGANISMS CAUGHT BYINLAND FISHERIES FROM 1959 TO 2009


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MAIN GROUPS OF ORGANISMS CAUGHT BYINLAND FISHERIES(%) FROM 1959 TO 2009

IMPORTANT FAMILY


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IMPORTANT FAMILYCONTRIBUTING TO INLAND

CATCH

CICHLIDS & CYPRINIDS TWO IMP FAMILIES


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CICHLIDS & CYPRINIDS-TWO IMP. FAMILIESOF INLAND FISH

10 categories of cichlids are reported

Tilapia accounts for 87% of them.

53 taxonomic categories of cyprinids are reported incatches of various countries.

IMP SPS OF DIFFERENT


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IMP. SPS. OF DIFFERENTFISHING AREA

AFRICA- Nile perch, Tilapia, Grass carp, Africancatfish, Mullets

N. America- Tilapia, Common carp, White fish,catfishes, River prawns

S. America- Characins, Silueroids, rainbowTrout, River prawn


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CONTD...............

Asia- common carp, silver carp, asian barbs,Tilapia, snakeheads, Giant prawns

Europe- F.W Bream, Trout, Northern pike,Salmon, Sprat

Oceania-Tilapia, River eels, Catfish , Giantperch


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INLAND RESOURCES OF ASIA


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RECENT PRODUCTION IN ASIA


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TREND IN ASIAN INAND FISHERIES

NOTE: THE TOTAL PRODUCTION FOR ALL REGIONS INCREASESTHROUGHOUT THE PERIOD @ MEAN RATE OF 3.8%/YR. OVER1950-2009

ADJUSTED CATCH STATISTICS FOR


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ADJUSTED CATCH STATISTICS FORASIA

Rapid growth b/w 1950 &1970s

Relatively stable plateau frommid 1970 until the early 1990s

Rapid growth period until theturn of the century

Then again a relatively stableperiod from 2000 onwards

Revised statistics show indicatesdifferent trend than originalFAO.

FEATURES OF ASIAN INLAND


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FEATURES OF ASIAN INLANDFISHERIES

Inland fisheries is sixth(3.02%) most important sourceof animal protein while fish as whole accounts for49%(2009)

Inland fisheries in asia is mostly artisanal

In large water bodies mechanised purse seiner are

operared like in china & in small number in Thailand

In Myanmar & srilanka motorized crafts are banned ininland fishery


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CONTD....... Mostly depend on indegenous sps.

In china chinese carp & in India & BangladeshIMC

In Thailand indegenous catfish & snakehead

sps. & in some waters freshwater clupeids,theriver spat.

But in Sri lanka inland fisheries is dependent on

exotic tilapias. In vietnam also alien fish form major fishery but

shift towards indegenous sps. Is being seenrecently.

RECREATIONAL FISHERIES IN


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RECREATIONAL FISHERIES ININLAND WATERS

Usually conducted with rod & line with /withoutbait or some local method.

More popular in temperate zones particularly

Europe & N. America But explosive growth is found in transition areas

of Africa , Asia & Latin america

Imp sps : Rainbow trout, Brown trout, Largecatfishes , Tor sp , Nile perch etc.

AQUATIC PLANTS FROM INLAND


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AQUATIC PLANTS FROM INLANDWATERS

Very few recods aremaintained.

Only recorded in few

countries in Asia & N.America

Lack of data severelydistorts the value

placed on Inlandwaters & wetlandresources

PROBLEMS FACED BY INLAND


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PROBLEMS FACED BY INLANDFISHERIES

Bad/inexistant fishery management

Water abstraction

Land drainage

Dam construction

Pollution/eutrophication

Climate variability/change


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MANAGEMENT MEASURES

Transboundary talks

Ranching activities

River protection programme

Fish passes & by passes

Protected areas/season

Genetic consevation

Pollution control

DAM CONSTRUCTION V/S


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INLAND FISHERIES Dam seriously affect the natural pre existing fishery

by preventing migration and changing hydro-dynamics in its vicinity

Adds considerable through reservoir fishery:

examples of productive reservoir fisheries upto329 kg/ha/yr in small reservoirs in Africa , up to 125kg/ha/yr in Latin America and the Caribbean andup to 650 kg/ha/yr in Asia.

Provision of fish passes are quite developed in N.America and Europe

Increasingly user pay principle is applied in pass

construction


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ENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILTY INDEX &


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SUSTAINABILTY INDEX &INLAND CAPTURE FISHERIES

Environment sustainabilty is gaining importance

most potential concern are the inland fisheries

countries for which the ESI ranges frommoderately low to low & whose production isdecreasing over the past decade

Fortunately, only ten countries among 133 fall

into this category.


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INLAND FISHERIES & HUMAN


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INLAND FISHERIES & HUMANDEVELOPMENT INDEX

The HDI is divided into three ranges: high (>0.80),medium (>0.5), and low (


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INCREASING INLAND CATCHREALITY OR A PARADOX


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REALITY OR A PARADOX Inland catch is increasing @ 3% annum globally

But one section of experts says that may be due to betterdocumentation of catch in recent years.

Recent FAO Big Number project estimated inland catch tobe somewhere near 14 million tonnes.

Several weaknesses are apparent in the existing statisticsincluding:

inadequate data collections systems;

selective data collection; Most countries do not specify their sampling and

reporting procedures so it is difficult to compareresults between countries


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CONCLUSIVE REMARKS


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Commercial catches in F.W. Fisheries in Australia,Europe and N.America is declining

In certain cases economic factors are alsoresponsible for decline in catch e.g Cuba andcountries of former USSR

Another effect is spread of certain sps. Around theworld e.g Tilapia effecting other sps.

Better documentation and sampling provcedure are

followed In general world's inland fisheries still appear viable

although damming,environmental issue andoverexploitation pose a potential threat to it.


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REFERENCES


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REFERENCES Welcomme,R.2011.Review of the state of the

world fishery resoueces:Inland Fisheries.97pp.

Welcomme,R.2003.Review of the state of theworld fishery resoueces:Inland Fisheries.60pp.

FAO.2012.The state of world fisheries &aquaculture.Rome.209pp.

AFPIC.2010.Inland fisheries resource

enhancement and conservation in Asia.Bangkok.189pp.

Jayakumar,N.2007.Manual on Inlandfisheries.109pp.


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Rajan World Inland Fisheries

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