RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI TENSES - WordPress.com · 2012-08-05 · RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI TENSES w w w . r...

RAJA RAO PAGIDIPALLI TENSES

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tense Affirmative/Negative/Question Use Signal Words

Simple

Present

A: He speaks.

N: He does not speak.

Q: Does he speak?

action in the present taking place once, never or

several times

facts

actions taking place one after another

action set by a timetable or schedule

always, every …, never, normally,

often, seldom, sometimes, usually

if sentences type I (If I talk, …)

Present

Progressive

A: He is speaking.

N: He is not speaking.

Q: Is he speaking?

action taking place in the moment of speaking

action taking place only for a limited period of

time

action arranged for the future

at the moment, just, just now,

Listen!, Look!, now, right now

Simple

Past

A: He spoke.

N: He did not speak.

Q: Did he speak?

action in the past taking place once, never or

several times

actions taking place one after another

action taking place in the middle of another

action

yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1990,

the other day, last Friday

if sentence type II (If Italked, …)

Past

Progressive

A: He was speaking.

N: He was not speaking.

Q: Was he speaking?

action going on at a certain time in the past

actions taking place at the same time

action in the past that is interrupted by another

action

when, while, as long as



Present

Perfect

Simple

A: He has spoken.

N: He has not spoken.

Q: Has he spoken?

putting emphasis on the result

action that is still going on

action that stopped recently

finished action that has an influence on the

present

action that has taken place once, never or several

times before the moment of speaking

already, ever, just, never, not yet,

so far, till now, up to now

Present

Perfect

Progressive

A: He has been speaking.

N: He has not been speaking.

Q: Has he been speaking?

putting emphasis on the course or duration(not

the result)

action that recently stopped or is still going on

finished action that influenced the present

all day, for 4 years, since 1993,

how long?, the whole week

Past

Perfect

Simple

A: He had spoken.

N: He had not spoken.

Q: Had he spoken?

action taking place before a certain time in the

past

sometimes interchangeable with past perfect

progressive

putting emphasis only on the fact (not the

duration)

already, just, never, not yet, once,

until that day

if sentence type III (If I had

talked, …)

Past

Perfect

Progressive

A: He had been speaking.

N: He had not been speaking.

Q: Had he been speaking?


past

sometimes interchangeable with past perfect

for, since, the whole day, all day



simple

putting emphasis on the duration or courseof an

action

Future I

Simple

A: He will speak.

N: He will not speak.

Q: Will he speak?

action in the future that cannot be influenced

spontaneous decision

assumption with regard to the future

in a year, next …, tomorrow

If-Satz Typ I (If you ask her,

shewill help you.)

assumption: I think, probably,

perhaps

Future I

Simple

(going to)

A: He is going to speak.

N: He is not going to speak.

Q: Is he going to speak?

decision made for the future

conclusion with regard to the future

in one year, next week, tomorrow

Future I

Progressive

A: He will be speaking.

N: He will not be speaking.

Q: Will he be speaking?

action that is going on at a certain time in the

future

action that is sure to happen in the near future

in one year, next week, tomorrow

Future II

Simple

A: He will have spoken.

N: He will not have spoken.

Q: Will he have spoken?

action that will be finished at a certain time in

the future

by Monday, in a week

Future II

Progressive

A: He will have been speaking.

N: He will not have been

speaking.

Q: Will he have been speaking?


future

putting emphasis on the course of an action

for …, the last couple of hours, all

day long



Conditional

I Simple

A: He would speak.

N: He would not speak.

Q: Would he speak?

action that might take place if sentences type II

(If I were you, I would gohome.)

Conditional

I

Progressive

A: He would be speaking.

N: He would not be speaking.

Q: Would he be speaking?

action that might take place

putting emphasis on the course / duration of the

action

Conditional

II Simple

A: He would have spoken.

N: He would not have spoken.

Q: Would he have spoken?

action that might have taken place in the past if sentences type III

(If I had seen that, I would have

helped.)

Conditional

II

Progressive

A: He would have been speaking.

N: He would not have been

speaking.

Q: Would he have been

speaking?

action that might have taken place in the past

puts emphasis on the course / duration of the

action

Explanation Past Present Future

Simple Past Simple Present Future I Simple

action that takes place once, never or several

times

He played football every

Tuesday.

He plays football every

Tuesday.

He will / is going to play

football every Tuesday.



actions that happen one after another He played football and

then he went home.

He plays football and

then he goes home.

He will play football and

then he will go home.

state He loved football. He loves football. He will love football.

Past Progressive Present Progressive Future I Progressive

action going on at that moment He was playing football. He is playing football. He will be playing football.

actions taking place at the same time He was playing football

and she was watching.

He is playing football

and she is watching.

He will be playing football

and she will be watching.

Past Perfect Simple Present Perfect Simple Future II Simple

action taking place before a certain moment

in time; emphasises the result

He had won five matches

until that day.

He has won five

matches so far.

He will have won five

matches by then.

Past Perfect Progressive Present Perfect

Progressive

Future II Progressive

action taking place before a certain moment

in time (and beyond), emphasises the

duration

He had been playing

football for ten years.

He has been playing


He will have been playing




Tense Example Explanation

Simple Present I play football every

week. Here you want to say that it happens regularly.

Present Progressive I'm

playing football now. Here you want to say that it is happening at the moment.

Simple Past I played football

yesterday. You did it yesterday, it happened in the past.

Past Progressive I was playing football

the whole evening.

You were doing it in the past. It's not sure whether the action was finished

or not.

Present Perfect I have just played

football.

You have just finished it. So it has a connection to the present. Maybe

your clothes are dirty.

Present Perfect

Progressive

I have been playing

football for 2 hours.

You want to say how long you have been doing it. (You started in the past

and it continues up to the present.

Past Perfect I had played football

before Susan came.

The two actions are related to each other: you had finished to play football

and after that the girl arrived.

Past Perfect

Progressive

I had been

playing football when

Susan came.

Here you want to point out how long you had been doing it before the girl

came.

will-future I will play football next This is a prediction, you can probably do something else.



week.

going to-future

I'm going to

play football this

afternoon.

This is a plan you've made.

Future Progressive

I will be

playing football next

Sunday.

You do it every Sunday (as usual)

Future Perfect

I will have

played football by

tomorrow.

You will have done it before tomorrow.

Conditional

Simple I would play football. You'll probably do it.

Conditional

Progressive

I would be

playingfootball.

You'll probably do it. Here you concentrate more on the progress of the

action.

Conditional

Perfect

I would have

playedfootball.

You'll probably have finished playing football at a special time in the

future. Here you concentrate on the fact (football).

Conditional

Perfect

Progressive

I would have been

playing football.

You'll probably have finished playing football at a special time in the

future. Here you concentrate on the progress of playing (football).

Negations of the sentences



Tense Example

Simple Present I do not play football every week.

I don't play football every week.

Present Progressive I am not playing football now.

I'm not playing football now.

Simple Past I did not play football yesterday.

I didn't play football yesterday.

Past Progressive I was not playing football yesterday.

I wasn't playing football yesterday.

Present Perfect

I have not played football.

I haven't played football.

I've not played football.

Present Perfect Progressive

I have not been playing football.

I haven't been playing football.

I've not been playing football.

Past Perfect

I had not played football.

I hadn't played football.

I'd not played football.

Past Perfect Progressive I had not been playing football.

I hadn't been playing football.



I'd not been playing football.

will-future I will/shall not play football next week.

I won't play football next week.

going to-future I am not going to play football this afternoon.

I'm not going to play football this afternoon.

Future Progressive I will/shall not be playing football.

I won't be playing football.

Future Perfect I will/shall not have played football.

I won't have played football.

Conditional Simple I would not play football.

I'd not play football.

Conditional Progressive

I would not be playing football.

I wouldn't be playing football.

I'd not be playing football.

Conditional Perfect

I would not have played football.

I wouldn't have played football.

I'd not have played football.

Conditional Perfect Progressive

I would not have been playing football.

I wouldn't have been playing football.

I'd not have been playing football.



Questions

Tense Example

Simple Present Do you play football?

Present Progressive Are you playing football?

Simple Past Did you play football?

Past Progressive Were you playing football?

Present Perfect Have you played football?

Present Perfect Progressive Have you been playing football?

Past Perfect Had you played football?

Past Perfect Progressive Had you been playing football?

will-future Will you play football?

going to-future Are you going to play football?

Future Progressive Will you be playing football?

Future Perfect Will you have played football?



Conditional Simple Would you play football?

Conditional Progressive Would you be playing football?

Conditional Perfect Would you have played football?

Conditional Perfect Progressive Would you have been playing football?

A conjugation is a list of verb forms. It catalogues the person, number, tense, voice, and mood of a verb. Knowing how to conjugate

verbs correctly will help you match verbs with their subjects, and give you a firmer grasp on how verbs function in different sentences.

Here is a sample conjugation table:

Present Tense, Active Voice, Indicative Mood: Jump

Person Singular Plural

1st Person I jump we jump

2nd Person you jump you jump

3rd Person he/she/it jumps they jump

Person: Person is divided into three categories (first, second, and third person), and tells the reader whether the subject is speaking, is

spoken to, or is spoken about. Each person is expressed using different subjects: first person uses I or we; second person uses you; and

third person uses he/she/it or they. Keep in mind that these words are not the only indicators of person; for example in the sentence



“Shakespeare uses images of the divine in his sonnets to represent his own delusions of grandeur”, the verb uses is in the third person

because Shakespeare could be replaced by he, an indicator of the third person.

Number: Number refers to whether the verb is singular or plural.

Tense: Tense tells the reader when the action of a verb takes place. English has six tenses: Present, Past, Future (the Simple Tenses),

and Present Perfect, Past Perfect, and Future Perfect (the Perfect Tenses). Each of these tenses has another form, called the

Progressive. Tenses will be further discussed below.

Voice: The voice of a verb shows whether the subject of the verb is performing an action or is being acted upon. In the active voice,

the subject of the verb performs an action; in the passive voice, the subject of the verb is being acted upon. For example:

Active Voice: Socrates asserts that humans inherently know everything.

Passive Voice: The assertion that humans inherently know everything is made by Socrates.

Note that the word by is not part of the verb; however, by often accompanies verbs in the passive voice.

Mood: The mood of a verb denotes the attitude of the speaker. English verbs can take one of three moods: indicative, imperative, or

subjunctive.

Indicative: The indicative mood is used to express questions and statements.

Example: Approximately 30,000 people speak Irish as their native language.

Imperative: The imperative mood is used to give commands or directions.



Example: Eat your beets!

Subjunctive: The subjunctive mood is used to express a wish, a request, a requirement, or a condition that is contrary to fact. Often,

subjunctives are accompanied by the helping verbs would, could, or should.

Example: I would ride the bus to school if I lived on the bus line.

Tenses

Tenses tell when the action of the verb takes place. Using tenses correctly and consistently improves the readability of your writing.

English has six tenses, each of which has a Progressive form. The Simple and Perfect tenses address action as a whole; these actions

have a foreseeable beginning and end. The Progressive forms of these tenses convey motion, continuous action, or an action that is

currently in progress. Use a form of the verb to be, such as am, were, been, etc., and add -ing to the main verb to construct the

Progressive, e.g. she cried (Past tense) becomes she was crying (Past Progressive). Definitions and conjugations of all six tenses are on

the reverse of this handout.

Present Tense

Use the Present tense to show actions that happen in the present or are habitual.

Present (Tense), Active (Voice), Indicative (Mood): Eat

Person Singular Plural Present: The liquid nitrogen boils over.

Present Progressive: The liquid nitrogen is boiling

over.

1st

Person

I eat we eat



2nd

Person

you eat you eat

3rd

Person

he/she/it eats they eat

Past Tense

Use the Past tense to show actions that happened before the present moment.

Past, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person Singular Plural Past: Castaway Carl walked the plank.

Past Progressive: Castaway Carl was walking the

plank.

1st

Person

I ate we ate

2nd

Person

you ate you ate

3rd

Person

he/she/it ate they ate

Future Tense

Use the Future tense to show actions that will happen in the future.



Future, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person Singular Plural Future: I will explore animism in John Keats' Ode on

a

Grecian Urn.

Future Progressive: I will be exploring animism in

John Keats' Ode on a Grecian Urn.

1st

Person

I will eat we will eat

2nd

Person

you will eat you will eat

3rd

Person

he/she/it will eat they will eat

Present Perfect Tense

Use the Present Perfect tense to show that the action of the verb has been completed in the past but is linked to the present.

Present Perfect, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person Singular Plural Present Perfect: She has called the doctor.

Present Perfect Progressive: She has been calling the

doctor.

1st

Person

I have eaten we have eaten

2nd

Person

you have eaten you have eaten

3rd

Person

he/she/it has

eaten

they have eaten



Past Perfect

Use the Past Perfect tense to show an action that was completed prior to another action that took place in the past.

Past Perfect, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person Singular Plural Past Perfect: President Lincoln had attended the

theatre regularly before his assassination.

Past Perfect Progressive: President Lincoln had been

attending the theatre regularly before his

assassination.

1st

Person

I had eaten we had eaten

2nd

Person

you had eaten you had eaten

3rd

Person

he/she/it had

eaten

they had eaten

Future Perfect

Use the Future Perfect tense to show an action that will be completed prior to another action that will take place in the future.

Future Perfect, Active, Indicative: Eat

Person Singular Plural Future Perfect: We will have designed the poster



1st

Person

I will have eaten we will have

eaten

in three days.

Future Perfect Progressive: We will have been

designing the poster for three days. 2nd

Person

you will have eaten you will have

eaten

3rd

Person

he/she/it will have

eaten

they will have

eaten

Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb.

Present, Active, Indicative: Grow


1st

Person

I _______ we _______

2nd

Person

you _______ you_______

3rd

Person

he/she/it

_______

they _______

Past, Active, Indicative: Grow




1st

Person

I _______ we _______

2nd

Person

you _______ you_______

3rd

Person

he/she/it

_______

they _______

Present Perfect, Active, Indicative: Grow


1st

Person

I _______ we _______

2nd

Person

you _______ you_______

3rd

Person

he/she/it

_______

they _______

Future, Active, Indicative: Grow


1st

Person

I _______ we _______



2nd

Person

you _______ you_______

3rd

Person

he/she/it

_______

they _______

Past Perfect, Active, Indicative: Grow


1st

Person

I _______ we _______

2nd

Person

you _______ you_______

3rd

Person

he/she/it

_______

they _______

Future Perfect, Active, Indicative: Grow


1st

Person

I _______ we _______

2nd

Person

you _______ you_______



3rd

Person

he/she/it

_______

they _______

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