You have just taken over as emperor of Rome after You have just taken over as emperor of Rome after a civil war. There are barbarians invading your a civil war. There are barbarians invading your

borders, and you are having trouble borders, and you are having trouble communicating with distant parts of the empire, communicating with distant parts of the empire,

what do you do?what do you do?

1 2 3

33% 33%33%1.1. Raise taxes, increase Raise taxes, increase the military, try to the military, try to regain the glory of the regain the glory of the empireempire

2.2. Split the empire in Split the empire in two, increase role of two, increase role of state in economy & state in economy & daily lifedaily life

3.3. Sit back & enjoy life, Sit back & enjoy life, who cares about some who cares about some frontier provinces?frontier provinces?

Fall of Rome & Rise of Fall of Rome & Rise of ChristianityChristianity

Barbarians, Byzantines, & Barbarians, Byzantines, & Biblical FolkBiblical Folk

When the Romans overthrew their Etruscan When the Romans overthrew their Etruscan rulers, they set up a new government. What rulers, they set up a new government. What

kind did they set up?kind did they set up?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. DemocracyDemocracy

2.2. OligarchyOligarchy

3.3. RepublicRepublic

4.4. ImperialImperial

Rome eventually expanded into a massive Rome eventually expanded into a massive empire. In doing so they fought a series of empire. In doing so they fought a series of

three wars (Punic Wars) with what three wars (Punic Wars) with what civilization?civilization?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. GreeceGreece

2.2. PersiaPersia

3.3. ChinaChina

4.4. CarthageCarthage

After defeating Carthage, Rome ruled the After defeating Carthage, Rome ruled the Mediterranean world for a few centuries. Mediterranean world for a few centuries.

Trade & cultural exchange flourished during Trade & cultural exchange flourished during this period known as?this period known as?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Pax RomanaPax Romana

2.2. Pax ItalianoPax Italiano

3.3. Roman PeriodRoman Period

4.4. Age of RomeAge of Rome

During the Pax Romana, the Republic fell During the Pax Romana, the Republic fell and Rome became an Empire run by single and Rome became an Empire run by single

individuals. What things below led to the fall individuals. What things below led to the fall of the Republic?of the Republic?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. Corruption & gap Corruption & gap between rich and between rich and poorpoor

2.2. Foreign citizens & Foreign citizens & natural disastersnatural disasters

3.3. InvasionsInvasions

4.4. Military wanted Military wanted one leaderone leader

Today’s Learning Goal Today’s Learning Goal

Be able to recall important facts Be able to recall important facts about the Roman Empire and its about the Roman Empire and its declinedecline

Be able to discuss & analyze the Be able to discuss & analyze the internal & external factors that led to internal & external factors that led to the downfall of Romethe downfall of Rome

Be able to write a brief statement Be able to write a brief statement defending a specific point of viewdefending a specific point of view

Roman Decline Roman Decline (handout: Decline Factors)(handout: Decline Factors)

Internal factorsInternal factors– PoliticalPolitical

Civil warsCivil wars Weak leadersWeak leaders

– EconomicEconomic InflationInflation Over-taxationOver-taxation

– SocialSocial– ChristianityChristianity

Church leaders took Church leaders took power from emperorspower from emperors

Removed unifying Removed unifying power of Paganismpower of Paganism

External factorsExternal factors– Invasions Invasions

BarbariansBarbarians Muslims)Muslims)

– EconomicEconomic Trade disruptionsTrade disruptions Trade deficitsTrade deficits Economic stagnationEconomic stagnation

– Size of empireSize of empire Military overworkedMilitary overworked Cultural DecayCultural Decay

Discussion BreakDiscussion Break

Get in groups of twoGet in groups of two Discuss the following question: Discuss the following question:

Which factors do you believe were Which factors do you believe were most responsible for the decline of most responsible for the decline of Rome? Why do you think those Rome? Why do you think those factors were most important? What factors were most important? What could have been done to prevent the could have been done to prevent the fall of Rome?fall of Rome?

Did the Roman Empire fall Did the Roman Empire fall or was it pushed? Which or was it pushed? Which

factors were more factors were more important?important?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%

1.1. Internal factorsInternal factors

2.2. External factorsExternal factors

3.3. Combination of Combination of bothboth

4.4. Rome did NOT fall, Rome did NOT fall, it just changedit just changed

In Class Writing QuestionIn Class Writing Question

Based on what you have heard & Based on what you have heard & discussed, answer the following discussed, answer the following question on a piece of paper (due at question on a piece of paper (due at end of class)end of class)

What was the most important factor(s) What was the most important factor(s) that led to the fall of the Roman that led to the fall of the Roman Empire? Why do believe that factor(s) Empire? Why do believe that factor(s) was most important? What would you was most important? What would you have done to prevent the fall of Rome?have done to prevent the fall of Rome?

How did Rome fall?How did Rome fall?

After the Republic fell, there were a After the Republic fell, there were a series of strong Emperors (“The Good series of strong Emperors (“The Good Emperors”) & a long series of weak Emperors”) & a long series of weak EmperorsEmperors

As the Empire slowly fell into disarray As the Empire slowly fell into disarray & decline three Emperors tried to & decline three Emperors tried to save it by making major changessave it by making major changes

Reforming the EmpireReforming the Empire Three Emperors who Three Emperors who

tried to reform the tried to reform the Empire (all were based Empire (all were based in East)in East)

DiocletianDiocletian– Divided the Empire Divided the Empire

into sub-regionsinto sub-regions Constantine (more Constantine (more

later!)later!) TheodosiusTheodosius

– Last to rule both Last to rule both halveshalves

Diocletian’s ReformsDiocletian’s Reforms

Roman Empire is Roman Empire is split into two split into two administrative administrative halveshalves

Co-emperorsCo-emperors Eastern eventually Eastern eventually

based in based in ConstantinopleConstantinople

Western based in Western based in RomeRome

ConstantineConstantine

Ordered building of Ordered building of the city of the city of Constantinople Constantinople (A (A New Rome) on the New Rome) on the grounds of grounds of ByzantiumByzantium

Converts to Converts to ChristianityChristianity

Rise of ChristianityRise of Christianity

Christianity: Christianity: monotheistic religion monotheistic religion founded on founded on teachings of Jesus teachings of Jesus ChristChrist

Spread through Spread through Roman Empire by Roman Empire by PaulPaul

Nicene Creed- basic Nicene Creed- basic statement of statement of fundamental beliefsfundamental beliefs

What do you think is in the Nicene What do you think is in the Nicene Creed? Christians should. . .Creed? Christians should. . .

1 2 3

33% 33%33%1.1. Pray every day, Pray every day,

practice charity & practice charity & believe only in believe only in God the Father.God the Father.

2.2. Believe in the Believe in the Trinity, one church Trinity, one church & baptism& baptism

3.3. Read the Bible, Read the Bible, pray & go to pray & go to churchchurch

Western & Eastern Rome Western & Eastern Rome did not fall at the same did not fall at the same time. Which one do you time. Which one do you

think fell first?think fell first?

1 2

50%50%

1.1. Western EmpireWestern Empire

2.2. Eastern EmpireEastern Empire

Why?Why?

The Fate of Western RomeThe Fate of Western Rome

Western Roman EmpireWestern Roman Empire

““Barbarians” conquer Barbarians” conquer Western Rome Western Rome in 476 in 476 CECE

Goths, Visigoths, & Goths, Visigoths, & VandalsVandals

Who Who end up adopting end up adopting Latin, Roman law, & Latin, Roman law, & ChristianityChristianity

Begin development of Begin development of distinct European distinct European culturescultures

Eastern Roman EmpireEastern Roman Empire

Known as Byzantine Known as Byzantine EmpireEmpire

Capital was Capital was Constantinople Constantinople (situated between (situated between Europe & Asia)Europe & Asia)

Empire lasted until Empire lasted until 1453 CE when 1453 CE when defeated by Muslimsdefeated by Muslims

Included Balkans, Asia Included Balkans, Asia Minor, Syria & EgyptMinor, Syria & Egypt

The Eastern Empire The Eastern Empire (Byzantine)(Byzantine)

The Byzantines: Who are The Byzantines: Who are they?they?

Were more Greek Were more Greek than Romanthan Roman

Spoke Greek, not Spoke Greek, not LatinLatin

More multiculturalMore multicultural Distinct form of Distinct form of

Christianity Christianity (Eastern (Eastern Orthodoxy)Orthodoxy)

Justinian IJustinian I (527-565 CE) (527-565 CE) Tried to restore unity of Tried to restore unity of

RomeRome Recaptured much of Recaptured much of

North Africa, Italy, & North Africa, Italy, & SpainSpain

Justinian’s CodeJustinian’s Code– People should be People should be

ruled by laws, not ruled by laws, not whims of leaderswhims of leaders

– Basis for most Basis for most European legal European legal systemssystems

Breaking Up is Hard to DoBreaking Up is Hard to Do

Christian Church Christian Church begins to break apartbegins to break apart

By 1054 CE political, By 1054 CE political, doctrinal, & doctrinal, & geographical geographical differences led to differences led to major splitmajor split

Still have Roman Still have Roman Catholic & Orthodox Catholic & Orthodox (which means right (which means right opinion in Greek!)opinion in Greek!)

What was the issue that What was the issue that caused the split between caused the split between

Christians?Christians?

1 2 3

33% 33%33%1.1. Whose is in Whose is in charge (Pope or charge (Pope or emperor)?emperor)?

2.2. Are Icons OK? Are Icons OK? (icons are (icons are religious religious pictures)pictures)

3.3. The role of Jesus The role of Jesus in the Trinity?in the Trinity?

The Great SchismThe Great Schism

Eastern OrthodoxEastern Orthodox– Emperors played Emperors played

major role in church major role in church affairsaffairs

– Patriarch (appointed Patriarch (appointed by emperor) by emperor) supreme leader of supreme leader of churchchurch

– Emperor Leo III (an Emperor Leo III (an iconoclast) says they iconoclast) says they are notare not

– Holy Spirit from GodHoly Spirit from God

Roman CatholicRoman Catholic– Pope supreme Pope supreme

leader of churchleader of church– Icons (images of Icons (images of

religious figures)- religious figures)- Pope Gregory III Pope Gregory III says they are oksays they are ok

– Excommunicates Excommunicates icon destroyersicon destroyers

– Holy Spirit from God Holy Spirit from God & Jesus& Jesus

Which emperor converted to Which emperor converted to Christianity & founded Constantinople?Christianity & founded Constantinople?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. DiocletianDiocletian

2.2. TheodosiusTheodosius

3.3. ConstantineConstantine

4.4. JustinianJustinian

Which emperor is best known for a legal Which emperor is best known for a legal code that is the basis of modern Western code that is the basis of modern Western

law?law?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. ConstantineConstantine

2.2. TheodosiusTheodosius

3.3. JustinianJustinian

4.4. DiocletianDiocletian

What emperor split the empire in halves & What emperor split the empire in halves & created co-emperors?created co-emperors?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. TheodosiusTheodosius

2.2. DiocletianDiocletian

3.3. ConstantineConstantine

4.4. JustinianJustinian

New monotheistic religion that arose in the New monotheistic religion that arose in the Roman Empire, based on teachings of Jesus Roman Empire, based on teachings of Jesus Christ & spread throughout Empire by Paul?Christ & spread throughout Empire by Paul?

1 2 3 4

25% 25%25%25%1.1. PaganismPaganism

2.2. Nicene CreedNicene Creed

3.3. ChristianityChristianity

4.4. IslamIslam