Railway Track Security By GSM With User Programmable Number Features

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Introduction:

In the current railway systems, it is becoming ever more necessary to have safety elements in order to avoid accidents.

In recent years, with the development of high-speed railway, speed and capability of the trains constantly improved, and traffic density gets more and more dangerous.

The solution is a comprehensive gsm based train tracking system, which provides accurate, dependable and timely information to the controller.

It will help railways to be in a secure position, and it always be needful for security purpose of our indian railway system.

Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Description:

Railway Track Security by GSM helps to detect a crack if any, on the railway track and alert the respective railway department.

We can avoid rail accidents by using the latest communication technologies.

In this GSM communication protocols are used to convey the message of crack detection via SMS.

This project uses a microcontroller from 8051 family.

The primary objective of this project is to detect the crack in the railway track and alert the nearby station through efficient and highly reliable communication mode.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Block Diagram:

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Working:

Two rails forming the part of a track are made using a pair of wire, connected with a detachable jumper in between each wire/track.

Removing the detachable jumper creates a fault in the respective path; otherwise it is shorted by the jumper wire to stimulate healthy track condition.

Removing the jumpers result in driving transistors delivering a different logic to the controller.

The program after that takes over to send an sms through gsm modem interfaced through a level shifter ic to the microcontroller.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

An LCD will be interfaced with the MC in order to display the status of GSM and track condition.

Thus, the proposed model is designed to recognize the cracks in the railway tracks and provides instant information to the concerned railway authorities.

The power supply consists of a step-down transformer 230/12v, which steps down the voltage to 12v ac. It is converted to DC using a bridge rectifier.

The ripples are removed using a capacitive filter, and it is then regulated to +5v using a voltage regulator 780s that will be required for the operation of the microcontroller and other components.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Hardware Requirements:

Transformer

Diode

Rectifier

8051 series microcontroller

Gsm modem

Level shifter ic

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Software Requirements:

Kiel compiler

Languages: Embedded c and or assembly

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Power Supply:

There are many types of power supply. Most of them are designed to convert high voltage AC mains electricity to a suitable low voltage supply for electronics circuits and other devices.

A power supply can by broken down into a series of blocks, each of which performs a particular function

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Transformer:

Transformers convert AC electricity from one voltage to another with little loss of power. Transformers work only with AC, and this is one of the reasons why mains electricity is AC.

Step-up transformers increase the voltage, step-down transformers reduce the voltage. Most power supplies use a step-down transformer to reduce the dangerously high mains voltage (230V in UK) to a safer low voltage.

Transformers waste very little power, so the output power will be equal to the input. Note that as the voltage decreases the current increases.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Rectifier:

There are several ways of connecting diodes to make a rectifier convert AC to DC. The bridge rectifier is the most important, and it produces full-wave varying DC.

A full-wave rectifier is made from two diodes using center tap transformer. But this method is rarely used now because of diodes cheap availability.

A single diode can be used as a rectifier, but it only uses the positive (+) parts of the ac wave to produce half-wave varying dc.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Gsm Communication:

The term GSM usually means the GSM standard and protocols in the frequency spectrum around 900MHz.

Mobile Station:

The MS is the physical equipment used by a subscriber, most often a normal hand-held cellular telephone.

Base Transceiver Station:

The BTS comprises the radio transmission and reception devices, and also manages the signal processing related to the air interface.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Gsm Modem:

A GSM modem is a specialized type of modem which accepts a SIM card and operates over a subscription to a mobile operator, just like a cell phone.

From the mobile operator perspective, a gsm modem looks just like a mobile phone.

When a gsm modem is connected to a computer, this allows the computer to use the gsm modem to communicate over the mobile network.

While these gsm modems are most frequently used to provide mobile internet connectivity, many of them can also be used for sending and receiving sms and mms messages.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Gsm Modem:

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

MAX 232:

The MAX232 is an integrated circuit that converts signals from an rs-232serial port to signals suitable for use in TTL compatible digital logic circuits.

The max232 is a dual driver/receiver and typically converts the rx, tx, cts and rts signals.

When an max232 ic receives a ttl level to turn, it changes a ttl logic 0 to between +3 and +15v, and changes ttl logic 1 to between -3 to -15v and vice versa for converting from rs232 to ttl.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

MAX232:

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Db9 Connector:

The DB9 (Originally DE-9) Connector Is An Analog 9-pin Plug Of The D-sub Miniature Connector Family (D-sub Or Sub-d).

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Advantages :

Accident can be avoided by taking immediate response.

Immediately the cracked information delivered globally to consultants.

Disadvantages:

Memory is versatile, phone number stored in the RAM of µC.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Conclusion:

Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features project discusses the critical safety techniques for high-speed train operation environment based on the train control system.

In order to ensure safe operation of trains, we propose a wireless network access framework according to the monitoring network of surrounding environment and the deployment of transition system to avoid collision of trains and obstacle detection.

System has ability to pinpoint the location and other attributes of an operational train in an economical, accurate manner.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features

Future Scope:

The system sets an example on how to use a wireless network efficiently for Railway Track Crack detection. This technology is helpful for domestic purpose and can be useful for commercial places with the future vision.

Instead of the manual method of crack detection a more advanced accelerometer sensor are compatible technology can be used.

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Railway Track Security by GSM With User Programmable Number Features