Rahul Kumar and ShwetaVermiculture Research Station, Department of ZoologyD.S. College (Dr. B.R.A. University) ,Aligarh – 202001, Uttar Pradesh, India kmshweta3@yahoo.com

Organic Manure : An Overview

Organic ManureOrganic Manure

Organic manure is defined as the product resulting from theOrganic manure is defined as the product resulting from the

controlled biological decomposition of organic matter.controlled biological decomposition of organic matter.

Manure can be prepared from : yard trimmings biosolids (sewage sludge) wood by-products animals manures crop residues biodegradable packing food scraps

Characteristics of Organic Matter

Organic matter is the key constitute of cultivated soils.

It has profound influence on the physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soil.

Chemical Composition of Chemical Composition of Organic MatterOrganic Matter1. Carbohydrates (sugar, starch, hemi-cellulose, pectins, gums,

mucilages, etc.)

2. Proteins, amino acids, amines, etc.

3. Fats, oils, waxes, resins, etc.

4. Alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, etc.

5. Lignins

6. Compounds containing ring structure (phenol, tennis, hydrocarbon)

7. Alkaloids and compounds with organic base- pyrimidine and purines

8. Miscellaneous substances like antibiotics, auxins, vitamins, enzymes and pigments

Nutritive Elements in different Organic Matters

Cow dung manure 2.5 0.2 0.5

Compost urban 1.8 1.0 1.4

Compost rural 0.5 0.15 0.5

Night soil 5.5 4.0 2.0

Groundnut cake 7.3 2.5 2.0

Castor cake 4.3 2.4 2.3

Neem cake 5.2 1.0 1.8

sludge 3.5 4.0 0.6

Nutritive elements(%)

N P K

Organic

matter

Major sources of organic Major sources of organic mattermatter

Livestock and human waste

Farmyard manure

Poultry manure

By product of agro-waste industries

Industrial waste material

Sugar factory waste

Oil cake and bio gas slurry

Plants waste

Crop residue

Tree residue and aquatic weeds

Urban and rural waste

Sewage sludge

There are mainly three types of Organic Matter

Organic matter Organic manureBiological oxidation

Animal manure Green manure

Conversion of organic matter into organic manure

Through biological oxidation organic matter

convert into manure which may be two type

by their origin

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Animal manureAnimal manure

A.Farm yard manure (FYM)

B.Farm slurry

or

Liquid manure

(Agricultural manure in liquid form known as slurry

Manure formed of cattle excreta mixed with straw, used as a fertilizer

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A. Farm Yard ManureA. Farm Yard Manure

Farm Yard Manure can be prepared by :

Cow dung,

Cow urine,

Waste straw and

Dairy waste etc.

Cow dung ManureCow dung Manure

Cow manure is rich in humus, the bulky, fibrous material that comes from undigested plant matter.

Cow manure is composted by putting it into a bin or pile and letting it sit

It contains about 3 percent nitrogen, 2 percent phosphorous, and 1 percent potassium

This is a type of Farm Yard Manure

Method of preparation of Method of preparation of FYMFYM

Dug the pit (4×6×10) near cattle shed above the level of soil.

Spread the excavated soil on the surface.

Fill the pit with grass and other material of cake shed and soil upto 10-15cm.

Spread cow dung manure up to 15-20 cm leave it for one to two month.

Nutritional Profile of FYM Nutritional Profile of FYM (%)(%)

Nitrogen Nitrogen 0.50.5

PhosphorusPhosphorus 0.250.25

PotassiumPotassium 0.400.40

CalciumCalcium 0.080.08

SulfurSulfur 0.020.02

ZincZinc 0.0040.004

CopperCopper 0.00030.0003

ManganeseManganese 0.0070.007

ironiron 0.450.45

ElementsElements Value (%)Value (%)

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B. Farm Slurry

A mixture of water and animal waste used as fertilizer.

Farm slurry is produced at dairy farm at larger scale in rainy season.

It is highly nutritive for the plants. Click here to go backClick here to go back

2. 2. Green ManuresGreen Manures

Green manureGreen manure is a type of cover is a type of cover crop grown primarily to add nutrients crop grown primarily to add nutrients and organic matter to the soil.and organic matter to the soil.

They are grown for the purpose of They are grown for the purpose of plowing them, thus increasing plowing them, thus increasing fertility through the incorporation of fertility through the incorporation of nutrients and organic matter into the nutrients and organic matter into the

soil.soil.

Benefits of Green Manure Crops

Green manures, in the case of legumes, fix nitrogen and contribute to farm nitrogen needs.It protect and enhance the soil’s biological activity by providing nutrition for the soil organism. It aerates the soil, consequently improving the soil structure. Green manure crops cover the soil in between successive grain crops, thus protecting the soil against wind and water erosion.Green manure crops reduce soil compaction. Green manure crops provides a habitat for pollinators and other beneficial insects.

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