Radiotherapy of cervical cancer
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Transcript of Radiotherapy of cervical cancer
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RADIOTHERAPY OF CERVICAL CANCER
RAKSHITH AVB
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Modalities of Radiotherapy
• BRACHYTHERAPY
• TELETHERAPY
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BRACHYTHERAPY
• Internal radiation treatment achieved by implanting radioactive material directly into the tumor or very close to it.
• Sometimes called internal radiation therapy.
• Prefix “brachy” – from Greek for “short range”
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TYPES OF BRACHYTHERAPY
1)Intracavitary irradiation using radioactive
sources that are placed in body cavities in close
proximity to the tumor and
2) Interstitial brachytherapy using radioactive
seeds implanted directly into the tumor
volume.
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WHY BRACHYTHERAPY
• Delivering the high dose of radiation to the
tumor
• Sparing of the surrounding normal tissues
• Delivered in a short period of time
– Tumor repopulation
• Limited to localized tumors
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TELETHERAPY
• Teletherapy or External Beam Radiation
Therapy" involves delivery of therapeutic
radiation from a source
• that is placed away
• from the body.
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INITIAL TREATMENT
2 Components of CA Cervix
• Central: Growth in the cervix which is best treated by Brachytherapy
• Peripheral: Growth in parametrium & lymph node metastasis which is best controlled by Teletherapy
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PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
• Patients with Stage I - IIA can be managed by surgery alone.
• Patients in Stage IIB - IV CHEMORADIATION– Brachytherapy followed by Teletherapy
4 –6 weeks later.–Chemotherapy
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PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT
• The relative proportion of Teletherapy
increases with bulk & stage of tumor.
• Usually Brachytherapy followed by
teletherapy 4 to 6 weeks later.
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INDICATIONS FOR EBRT PRIOR TO BRACHYTHERAPY
• Bulky tumours
• Distorted cervical canal
• Exophytic or bleeding tumors
• Tumors with necrosis or infection
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ROLE OF CHEMOTHERAPY
Certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as
Cisplatin, carboplastin , 5 FU etc act as
radiosesitizers & may be given prior to any
form of radiotherapy to enhance the lethal
effect of radiation.
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BRACHYTHERAPY
PRERADIATION PREPARATION
• Hb level
• Rectal enema
• Antibiotic cover
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TANDEM & OVOID METHOD
• Under GA• Bladder Catheterisation• Cervical dilation• Tandem & ovoids insertion• X ray of pelvis• Afterload technique
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ICBT Procedure Overview
PatientPreparation
ApplicatorCheck
Applicatorimplantationand fixation
Imaging TreatmentPlanning
Treatment excution
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Patient Preparation• GA• Lithotomy position• Perineal area is
disinfected• Draping• Catheterization
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L/e•Applicator set is check for integrity and completeness•Uterine sounding•Correct size of ovoid is selected and mounted onto the ovoidtubes•Dilatation of the cervix•Length of uterus is measured
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IU- Tube Insertion• Correct length of IU-
tube is selected and inserted
OVOIDTUBE INSERTION
•Select proper size ovoids•Fixate these to the ovoid tubes•Insert one by one and attach to the fixing mechanism
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Applicator packing• Insert gauze packing to
push rectum and bladder away reducing the dose to these organs
• Radio opaque rectal marker inserted
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Verification X-ray
X-ray catheters
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TECHNIQUES OF BRACHYTHERAPY
• PARIS METHOD
• STOCKHOLM METHOD
• MANCHESTER TECHNIQUE
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PARIS METHOD
•Radium is applied continously for
5 days.
•Removed daily for cleaning and
reinserted back.
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STOCKHOLM
•Radium is inserted on 3 occasions
•1 week interval between 1st & 2nd
insertion
•2 week interval between 2nd & 3rd
insertion
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MANCHESTER
•Two Insertions
•Each insertion lasts for 72hrs
•1 week interval between two
insertions
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PRINCIPLES IN BRACHYTHERAPY
• Uniform distribution to avoid Hot & Cold spots
• Two points
Point A - -The point A was described fixed point
2cm lateral to uterine axis and 2 cm above the lateral
fornix.
It represents Anatomical location of Ureter.
Dose not to exceed 8000 rads
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PRINCIPLES IN BRACHYTHERAPY
Point B: 5cm from the patient’s midline, at the
same level as point A.
It represents Lateral pelvic wall
Dose not to exceed 500o rads
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TELETHERAPY
• SSD(Source to Skin Distance) is 5 to 10 times
the depth of tumour.
• Cobalt-60 and Caesium-137 are commonly
used
• Fractionated radiotherapy is preferred
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TELETHERAPY
• Pelvic Radiation: 180 – 200 cGy
• Abdominal Radiation: 100 – 120 cGy
• About 4-5 fractions per week is given
• Total of 25 – 30 fractions is given over 5-6
weeks
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COMPLICATIONS
• EARLY COMPLICATIONS Nausea & VomitingBladder irritation: Dysuria & HaematuriaRectal irritation : Tenesmus & diarrhoeaMalaise & IrritabilityPyelonephritis & CystitisSepsis
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COMPLICATIONS
• LATE COMPLICATIONS Persistent AnemiaChronic pelvic pain due to fibrosisPyometraUlcers, Strictures & fistulaOsteoporosisOvarian distructions causing menopausal
symptoms
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THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION