xvi

RADIO BERDE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LEGAZPI CITY

An Undergraduate Thesis

Presented to

The Faculty of College of Arts and Letters

Bicol University

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Arts

Major in Journalism

Jyrevi Mae A. Fernandez

Sheena P. Ferrer

Maria Karen E. Ofalsa

Jovic Maurice L. Yee

March 2011

Republic of the Philippines

Bicol University

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS

Legazpi City

RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION

This undergraduate thesis entitled RADIO BERDE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LEGAZPI CITY, prepared and submitted by Jyrevi Mae A. Fernandez, Sheena P. Ferrer, Maria Karen E. Ofalsa and Jovic Maurice L. Yee, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, is hereby submitted to the Thesis Committee for consideration.

PROF. FELIPE JOSE PERALTA

Thesis Adviser

THESIS COMMITTEE

This undergraduate thesis hereto attached, entitled RADIO BERDE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LEGAZPI CITY, prepared and submitted by Jyrevi Mae A. Fernandez, Sheena P. Ferrer, Maria Karen E. Ofalsa and Jovic Maurice L. Yee, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Journalism, is hereby recommended for oral examination.MS. AIDA ALCAZAR-NAZ

Chairman

PROF. ADRIAN B. AGUILAR

PROF. ROWENA F. ZOILO

Member

MemberRepublic of the Philippines

Bicol University

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS

Legazpi City

RESULT OF ORAL EXAMINATION

Result of the oral examination of Jyrevi Mae A. Fernandez, Sheena P. Ferrer, Maria Karen E. Ofalsa and Jovic Maurice L. Yee, candidates for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Journalism.

Thesis:RADIO BERDE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LEGAZPI CITY

Date:

February 17, 2011

Place:

Bicol University College of Arts and Letters

Department of Print and Broadcast Media Office

This is to certify that Jyrevi Mae A. Fernandez, Sheena P. Ferrer, Maria Karen E. Ofalsa and Jovic Maurice L. Yee have passed the oral examination with the final rating of _______%.

PANEL MEMBERS

ACTION TAKEN

MS. AIDA ALCAZAR-NAZ

__________________

Chairman

PROF. ADRIAN B. AGUILAR

__________________

Member

PROF. ROWENA F. ZOILO

__________________

Member

Republic of the Philippines

Bicol University

COLLEGE OF ARTS AND LETTERS

Legazpi City

APPROVAL SHEET

Upon the recommendation of the Thesis Committee, this undergraduate thesis entitled RADIO BERDE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LEGAZPI CITY, prepared and submitted by Jyrevi Mae A. Fernandez, Sheena P. Ferrer, Maria Karen E. Ofalsa and Jovic Maurice L. Yee, is hereby approved in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Bachelor of Arts in Journalism.

AGNES JACOB-NEPOMUCENO, Ed. D.

Research Professor

ANACITO E. DEMATERA, AB

Head, Department of Print and Broadcast MediaMA. JULIETA B. BORRES, Ph. D.

Dean ACKNOWLEDGMENTThe researcher would like to acknowledge and extend her heartfelt gratitude to the following persons who contributed their financial and professional assistance to make this work valuable. They are the following: Bicol University, especially the Print and Broadcast Media Department, to whom the researcher will be forever grateful to, for developing her skills as a student and as a future media practitioner;Dr. Agnes J. Nepomuceno, our research professor, for teaching us the basics of research and for guiding us through the initial steps of our subject;Prof. Felipe Jose Peralta, our thesis adviser, for every inch of help he gave her to make this research possible;The professors of Bicol University, for their teachings, motivation and encouragement that this undertaking be pursued;Our respondents from barangay Bitano and San Joaquin, who willingly shared their time and effort in answering our questionnaires for the smooth flow of our data gathering; Aquinas University of Legazpi, especially to the university librarian, for accommodating us during the first phase of our research;Ms. Marytina Bonganay and Mr. Ruben Cenita, who were the statisticians for this research, who helped in the verification of our computation, and who gave pieces of advice to make the study easier for the researcher;To my classmates, for the genuine friendship I could never have found elsewhere, and who never stopped believing that all of us will be able to finish this requirement;To my best friends from high school and college, for the emotional support when I was about to break down and give up on things, and who understood me despite my fluctuating mood swings;The Fernandez and Abainza clans, who were always emotionally and financially supportive of my every attempt in this study and throughout my academic life;My parents, Jerry and Salvacion, and my siblings, TJ, Joy and Terrence, for the love, understanding, and for always lifting my spirits when stress takes the best of me;And most of all, to the Lord Almighty, the source of wisdom, strength, and courage, the giver of life, for providing all the needed help good health, understanding family and friends, and above all, His undying love. JEVIEACKNOWLEDGMENT

To my family who assured that everything will turn out fine and great, a big thank you and I owe you my entire colorful life. To my aunty who served as my mother, sister and friend just to understand my boring and weird personality, thank you and I love you! You will always a have a space in my heart. To Manoy who never get tired of reminding me of how cruel life can be and that I need to be strong and prepared all the time. For training me the simple household chores (that I dont even get to practice perfectly) and for teaching me that being responsible with the simple things I do can really change a big part of my personality.

To Papa Adong and Mama Bebe, for giving me the best care and love that a father and mother can give, you provided me all that. You even go beyond my expectations and do things Ive never asked from you. At your age, you should be relaxing now and having the best time of your life but because of me you have extended and did an overtime shift just to see me walk the aisle with the brusque diploma in my hands. Thank you very much and I owe you a lot!

To my Bhaws buddies: ivy, pau and via, thank you for being there to support me in all my dates and organization meetings (laughs). For staying late at night just to open the gate for me and for simply being my family whenever I am away from home; you made my college life as comfortable as possible despite the messy room and muddled stuffs.

To my Journ 4A family, thank you for the roller coaster ride of excitement, happiness and brain-cracking challenges around the college and outside the four corners of our classroom. Its hard to face the real world now and be part of it, but I know we can do it. I know that we will again see each other, and by that time I guess we have already proven something, enough to tell them that having attitude problem is really not a predicament (winks).

To my Rotaract family for giving me enough reason to stay in Legazpi and continue doing community works and touching lives with our simple help and initiative to change a life. You served as my second family whenever I am away from home and made me feel that I am appreciated and loved. I cant thank you enough for helping me realize how important it is to establish connection and have the courage to talk to people to help make a change in the society even in the smallest way we can.

To my UNIBE family for giving me the chance to feel the glory of the by-line and for the honor to become the mediator of change and passivity in Bicol University.

To my thesis buddies: Jovic, Nay and Jev, I know weve been through a lot because of this research and I know we will go places because we have already proven that we are good (laughs).

To Ms. Aida Alazar Naz, Prof. Rowena Zoilo and Adrian Aguilar, a big thank you for guiding us in writing our thesis and for being considerate in our revision. To Mr. Felipe Jose Peralta, our adviser for being so active in editing our manuscript and for bearing with us in times that we needed you the most. Thank you and God bless!

And above all, to Almighty God for helping us accomplish this thesis and for keeping us safe and happy at all times. I know you also believe that All Izz Well.

. SHEE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThis research would not have been possible without the guidance and the help of several individuals who in one way or another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and completion of this study.My utmost gratitude to my mom, Mrs. Shirley Ofalsa, for the love and support, for trusting and believing in me, for understanding my shortcomings as a daughter, and for being my number one fan.To my dad, Mr. Romeo Ofalsa, also for the love, understanding and for giving me the chance to study and for supporting me throughout my school life, thank you so much for being patient and for believing in me, you and mama are my inspirations, this is for the both of you. To my siblings, my manay Krishiel, for being so kind and thoughtful, for understanding my teenage rebellions back then, and for being the best teacher in the planet. To my little sister, Mea, for being so sweet yet silly, and for the comforting laughter. And to my bubbly bother bear Toton, for always making me smile, for being an obedient brother, and for being my assistant cook, Im forever grateful that I have all of you in my life.To my soul mate, Mac, for the love, and for always being there for me, for the inspirations, the wisdoms, and the advises, for being patient and for understanding my immaturity, for being my best friend and at the same time my big brother, and for being my cheerleader, thank you so much.To my blockmates, for sharing the laughers and the tears, and for the friendship, my four years in the university wouldnt be that memorable without you guys.To Analyn, Annah, Gerard, Eboy, Michi, and Tey for the true friendship, and for being wonderful persons, you guys are part of the amazing moments in my college life; I will always cherish the friendship that we have.To the two of my favorite persons in the world, Jovic and Sheena thank you for the wonderful and true friendship, for the silly moments, and for the hard times and good times, you two are amazing. Aal izz well! To my thesis buddies, Jovic, Sheena, and Jev, for the patience and for the challenges we shared to materialize this study. Also, thank you tita Jho for the accommodation and for cooking delicious foods during the process of the completion of this scholarly work.To my teachers and professors, I will never reach this far without your scholarly contributions. My gratitude to Dr. Agnes J. Nepomuceno for training us to be young yet competitive researchers. To Prof. Felipe Jose Peralta, for guiding us in completing this study. Also, to Ms. Aida Alcazar Naz for imparting us her expertise together with her panel members, Prof. Adrian Aguilar, and Prof. Rowena F. Zoilo for contributing informative suggestions and comments. To Prof. Anacito Dematera for sharing your academic excellence.For those unnamed, you all know who you are, thank you.And most of all, thank you Almighty Father, the Creator of heaven and earth for the wisdom, unending love and strength. KAREN

ACKNOWLEDGMENTLife will always be marred with challenges, if not, life would be meaningless.

As we conquer the challenge of accomplishing this thesis, credit must be given to groups and individuals who had one way or another inspired us to always strive for the best and keep the faith. To Bayer Philippines, sincere gratitude is given for if not for them, this thesis would not have existed. To my YOUTHink family, Jaijo, Mommy Grace, Ate Yoyie, Kuya Ed, Ate Tarrah, Kuya Alvin and Kuya Gideon, thank you for the undying support and for never failing to make me laugh my heart out.To my Bicol Organization of Neo-Journalists family, I would not have been a better individual if not for the experiences I had encountered and braced throughout my college years. Truly, BONJOUR is a huge part of who I am right now. To my Bicol Universitarian family, thank you for helping me hone my journalistic skills and further improving me to become a better writer. Thank you for the unyielding support and trust.To the Philippine Information Agency, DENR, DOST, CIRCA, Radio Berde Team and BU-NSTP thank you for the huge support and trust you had given me and Radio Berde. If not for it, Radio Berde may not have achieved what it has achieved today. To Radyo Veritas, especially to Fr. Pao Barandon, thank you for the trust and for adopting Radio Berde as one your programs. Radio Berde would not have sustained its advocacy if not for the continuous guidance and compliments you had given.To Mam Mia, thank you for trusting and believing in my capacity and potential. I learned a lot from you, not just academically but holistically. Thank you for the dying laugh moments and for the constant reminder to always strive for honor and excellence. To Dr. Agnes J. Nepomuceno, thank you for the guidance and support you had given Radio Berde. Thank you as well for equipping us with the know-how and never failing to remind us of our role in society.To our panellists and mentors, Ms. Aida Alcazar-Naz, Prof. Rowena Zoilo and Prof. Adrian Aguilar, thank you for the guidance and for helping us make this thesis become a better study. I would like to extend my heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Naz and Prof. Zoilo, who have guided me for years to become a better individual and a better journalist. Thank you for believing in me and for constantly reminding me of what needs to be improved. To our adviser, Prof. Jose Felipe Peralta, thank you for the support and guidance you had given us.

To my Rotaract Club of Legazpi Central family, thank you for believing, supporting and trusting me. Thank you as well to Boss Ephraim Aguilar for introducing me to this family. I am forever indebted to the kindness and support you had shown me.

But most especially, I would like to thank the people who had helped me achieved what I have achieved and shaped me to become who I am today. Thank you Mama, Papa and JC! I am blessed with such a wonderful family. Thank you for understanding me even at times when my tantrums kicks in. Thank you for the values you had taught me and thank you for the love. I could not ask for more from you. Also, I would like to apologize for all my shortcomings as a son and as a brother. As I embark on a new chapter of my life, I would like to make it up for what I failed to give or show.

Above all, to Almighty God, thank you for blessing me with these bountiful gifts and precious people. Thank you for always moving in mysterious ways. All Glory is Yours!

JOVICABSTRACTTitle:RADIO BERDE AS AN ENVIRONMENTAL ACTION IN SELECTED BARANGAYS IN LEGAZPI CITYAuthors:

FERNANDEZ, JYREVI MAE A.

FERRER, SHEENA P.

OFALSA, MARIA KAREN E.

YEE, JOVIC MAURICE L.Type of Document: Unpublished Undergraduate Thesis

SummaryThe objective of the study determined Radio Berde as an environmental action in selected barangays in Legazpi City. Specifically, it answered the question on the level of listenership of the program, level of environmental awareness of the audience based on the program content along: (1) Solid Waste Management which covered proper waste disposal through segregation, reduce, reuse, recycle, and encouraging others to segregate their wastes; (2) Water Conservation which included maximizing the use of household water, reporting broken water pipes, and planting more trees; (3) Biodiversity which included promoting the protection and preservation of flora and fauna species, reporting violators, and getting involved in groups with the same cause, (4) Youths role in the protection of the environment which included joining environmental organizations, spearheading an environmental campaign, and encouraging others to participate in environmental causes; and (5) Youth causes for the environment which included replicating existing initiatives, recognizing the vital role of the youth in environmental protection, and encouraging others to participate in environmental causes.The study made use of the descriptive method through survey questionnaires. The population of the study were the households of barangay Bitano and San Joaquin in Legazpi City. The sample size was determined by the use of Slovins Formula, where the total population is divided by one plus the population multiplied by the margin of error squared. In the study, combined population was 1599 and the margin of error used was 5 percent, which gave out a sample size of 320.The questionnaires were given and collected from the respondents by selective sampling, as suggested by the statistician, Ms. Marytina Bonganay.The study revealed that out of the 320 respondents, only 64 or 20 percent of the total number of respondents listened to Radio Berde and 256 or 80 percent do not because most of them do not own radio sets and spent more time watching television. Some only listened to FM stations and some were not aware of the existence of the program. Out of the 64 listeners, 13 always listened to Radio Berde, 31 listened once a month, 13 listened twice a month and 7 listened thrice a month It was further revealed that the level of environmental awareness of the audience based on the program content along Solid Waste Management, proper waste disposal through segregation ranked first with a weighted mean of 2.14. This fell under the range of 1.50-2.49, which implied that the listeners of the radio program were very aware of the importance of proper waste disposal.

Along the program content on Water Conservation, maximizing the use of household water ranked first with a weighted mean of 1.98. This fell under the range of 1.50-2.49, which implied that along the environmental concern of conserving water, the listeners of the radio program were very aware of the importance of maximizing the use of household water.Along the program content on Biodiversity, promoting the protection and preservation of flora and fauna species ranked first with a weighted mean of 2.12. This fell under the range of 1.50-2.49, which implied that on the environmental issue of Biodiversity, the listeners of the radio program were very aware of the importance of promoting the protection and preservation of flora and fauna species.Along the program content on Youths role in the protection of the environment, the initiative of spearheading an environmental campaign notched with a weighted mean of 2.02. This fell under the range of 1.50-2.49, which implied that along the environmental issue of the role of the youth in the protection of the environment, the listeners of the radio program were very aware of the importance of spearheading an environmental campaign.Along the program content on Youth causes for the environment, the initiative of replicating existing initiatives notched with a weighted mean of 2.06. This fell under the range of 1.50-2.49, which implied that along the environmental issue of the causes of the youth for the environment, the listeners of the radio program were very aware of the importance of replicating existing initiatives.The study also showed the effectiveness of Radio Berde based on the environmental actions initiated by its listeners. Along Solid Waste Management, 56 or 87.5 percent of the listeners practiced proper waste disposal through segregation. With regards to Water Conservation, 52 or 81.2 percent of the listeners maximized their use of household water. Along Biodiversity, 46 or 71.9 percent of the listeners promoted the protection and preservation of flora and fauna species. As to the Youths role in the protection of the environment, 48 or 75 percent of the listeners joined environmental organizations. With regards to the Youth causes for the environment, 44 or 68.7 percent of the listeners replicated existing environmental initiatives.

It can be concluded from the findings of the study that the respondents who own radio sets and television sets preferred the latter over tuning in to the radio. Also, the preference of radio stations, signal reach and awareness of the program itself affected the listenership of the respondents. It can also be surmised that most of the listeners only listen once a month because they preferred watching television than listening to radio and also because of their various activities during the regular airing of the program. It was also deduced that Radio Berde was a very effective environmental advocacy in Legazpi City because of the high positive response of the listeners regarding the actions they had practiced after listening to the program. Additionally, it can be concluded that the reason why the advocacies proper waste disposal through segregation, maximizing the use of household water, promoting the protection and preservation of flora and fauna species, joining environmental organizations, and replicating existing initiatives had the highest positive response as to the actions practiced by the listeners because these were issues usually initiated and advocated by the government and the respondents must have had prior knowledge regarding these issues which was reinforced by the radio program. From the findings of the study, it was recommended by the listeners that the program Radio Berde be aired more frequently with a longer airing time.The present study concentrated in Legazpi City, and further study could be done to test the effectiveness of Radio Berde as an environmental action in other areas reached by the radio program. The study revealed that radio is not the only mass medium found to have the capability to inform and educate the public about environmental actions. Therefore, further study could be carried out which will target other particular media the Internet or the newspaper to cite a few.TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGEi

RECOMMENDATION FOR ORAL EXAMINATION..ii

THESIS COMMITTEE.ii

RESULT OF ORAL EXAMINATIONiii

APPROVAL SHEETiv

ACKNOWLEDGMENT...v

ABSTRACT..xiii

TABLE OF CONTENTS..xviii

LIST OF FIGURES...xxi

LIST OF TABLESxxii

CHAPTER 1: The Problem

Introduction.......1

Statement of the Problem..3

Scope and Delimitation4

Significance of the Study..5

Notes..8

CHAPTER 2: Review of Related Literature and Studies

Related Literature..9

Related Studies..14

Significance of the State of the Art...16

Gap Bridged by the Study21

Theoretical Framework24

Theoretical Paradigm27

Conceptual Framework28

Conceptual Paradigm30

Definition of Terms..31

Notes.33

CHAPTER 3: Research Design and Methodology

Research Design35

Sources of Data..36

Respondents36

Instrumentation..37

Data Gathering Procedure..38

Quantification of Variables39

Statistical Treatment..40

Notes..42

CHAPTER 4: Radio Berde as an Environmental Action in Selected Barangays in Legazpi City

Audience Awareness of Radio Berde43

Effectiveness of Radio Berde in terms of level of listenership.47

Effectiveness of Radio Berde in terms of environmental awareness53

Effectiveness of Radio Berde in terms of environmental action initiated by its listeners..65

Recommendations to improve the radio program.70

CHAPTER 5: Summary, Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations

Summary71

Findings.72

Conclusions..76

Recommendations.78

BIBLIOGRAPHY79

APPENDIXES

ALetter to the Statistician.84

BLetter to the Barangay Captains85

CSurvey Questionnaire86

CURRICULUM VITAE

JYREVI MAE A. FERNANDEZSHEENA P. FERRERMARIA KAREN E. OFALSAJOVIC MAURICE L. YEELIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1Theoretical Paradigm..27

Figure 2Conceptual Paradigm..30

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1.1Awareness of the program Radio Berde in Urban Area.43

Table 1.2Awareness of the program Radio Berde in Rural Area..44

Table 1.3Awareness of the program Radio Berde in Urban and Rural Areas.45

Table 1.4Reasons for not listening to Radio Berde in urban barangay Bitano, Legazpi City...45

Table 1.5Reasons for not listening to Radio Berde in rural barangay San Joaquin, Legazpi City..46

Table 1.6Reasons for not listening to Radio Berde in urban and rural barangays in Legazpi City46

Table 1.7Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Selected Urban Areas of Legazpi City in Terms of Level of Listenership46

Table 1.8Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Selected Rural Areas of Legazpi City in Terms of Level of Listenership47

Table 1.9Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Selected Rural and Urban Areas of Legazpi City in Terms of Level of Listenership48

Table 2.1Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Bitano, Legazpi City in terms of environmental awareness.53

Table 2.2Effectiveness of Radio Berde in San Joaquin, Legazpi City in terms of environmental awareness.59

Table 2.3Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Bitano and San Joaquin, Legazpi City in terms of environmental awareness...62

Table 3.1Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Bitano, Legazpi City based on the environmental actions initiated by its listeners...65

Table 3.2Effectiveness of Radio Berde in San Joaquin, Legazpi City based on the environmental actions initiated by its listeners...67

Table 3.3Effectiveness of Radio Berde in Bitano and San Joaquin, Legazpi City based on the environmental actions initiated by its listeners.69

Table 4.1Recommendations given by the respondents to further improve the radio program.70