Radical Reconstruction. 2 Focus Activity 3 The Civil War, 1861-1865.
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Transcript of Radical Reconstruction. 2 Focus Activity 3 The Civil War, 1861-1865.
8
Major Questions After the Civil War
• How should the South be rebuilt?
• How should the states that seceded be brought back into the Union?
• How should former slaves be incorporated into the country as freed men and women?
10
Reconstructing a Nation
Photograph of a Union soldier camp taken between 1861 and 1865
• After 4 years of war and over 200 years of slavery, could Northerners and Southerners rebuild the South together?
• Could they unify as citizens of the same country?
11
Punishment for the Confederate States?
Illustration of the Attack on Fort Sumter from 1861
• What should be done to the Southern state governments that fought against the United States?
• Should people who fought against the United States be recognized as citizens? Should they be punished?
12
African Americans in the South
Photograph of an enslaved family in South Carolina taken in 1862
• How would freed men and women be treated in the Southern states?
• How would Northerners address the issue of including former slaves as citizens in society?
• What were some major challenges that former slaves faced?
Central Historical Question
Why was the Radical Republican plan for
Reconstruction considered “radical”?
14
Lincoln’s 10% Plan
• December 1863
• Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction Plan
• Pardon most Confederates
• Swear allegiance to Union
• Form new gov. and reps. in Congress after 10% took oath
15
10% Plan Opponents
• AR, LA, TN, and VA moved toward readmission
• Plan angered Radical Republicans
• Wade-Davis Bill
• Lincoln’s “pocket veto”
16
Johnson’s Reconstruction
• May 1865, Presidential Reconstruction
• AL, FL, GA, MS, NC, SC, TX could be readmitted if…– Withdraw secession– Swear allegiance to Union– Pay annual war debts– Ratify 13th Amendment
17
Johnson’s Opposition
• Dec 1865 Congress convened
• Rejected new Southern legislators (congressmen)
• Freedmen’s Bureau- assisted former slaves/poor whites– Food, clothing, hospitals, schools,
industrial institutes, and teacher training
18
Black Codes
• Civil Rights Act of 1866
• Citizenship for African-Americans
• Prohibited discriminatory laws (Black Codes)
• Johnson vetoed Acts
• Led to Congressional Reconstruction
19
Congressional Reconstruction
• June 1866
• Moderate and Radical Republicans join forces
• 14th Amendment – Civil Rights Act
• Ratified in 1868
20
Reconstruction Act 1867
• Reconstruction Act of 1867
• Did not recognize state gov. formed under Lincoln and Johnson’s plans
• Military districts with Union general leaders
• Citizens voted for delegates to draft new state constitutions
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Johnson Impeached
• Impeach- formally charge president for misconduct while in office; to remove from office
• Tenure of Office Act 1867
• 11 charges brought against Johnson
• “Not guilty” 35-19 vote