Radiation Protection ： Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding

1

Radiation Protection：Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding

Half-Value Layer (HVL) for -ray: 9 cm of soil 6 cm of concrete 1 cm of lead 0.2 cm of depleted uranium 150 m of air

To minimize the hazards arising from these radiation sources.The entire system of radiation safety in NSRRC was based on three principles of radiation protection: use of shielding to diminish the radiation intensity, increased distance from the radiation source, and limited duration of radiation exposure.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lead

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depleted_uranium

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth%27s_atmosphere

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Radiation Safety Access Control System for the TPS project

Chen, Chien-RongRadiation & Operation

Safety Division, NSRRCEmail: [email protected]

June 16, 2011

3

Development of an electromagnetic cascade and subsequent photonuclear reaction initiated by a high-energy electron

Radiation sources

Kinds of radiation sources originating from the operation of a synchrotron accelerator ：Bremsstrahlung Neutrons,Activation Synchrotron light.

Electromagnetic cascade effectHigh-energy electrons→Bremsstrahlungs γ→Neutrons or Muons→Induced activity

Of the Accelerator

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Design Function of Access Control System (ACS) for TPS

The ACS is a sub-system of Radiation Safety System. The ACS prevents or controls personnel access to and stay

at high radiation areas due to the production of prompt radiation.

When the beam is off, prompt radiation is not generated. The ACS interlock system in this topic refers and pay attention to

personnel safety protection, though frequently interlock system is also used for machine (or equipment) protection.

The installations of shielding and safety design must be included.

The system for TPS will be inherited from current TLS system and upgraded.

Our design and implementation will follow the conventions adopted in most facilities and also the recent recommendations of ANSI N43.1 standards entitled “Radiation Safety for the Design and Operation of Particle Accelerators” [2007].

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Diversity ： Each safety interlock must function independently of any other safety interlocks. It is generally accepted that when using two identical devices in a redundant configuration the probability of both failing (to ‘danger’) is less than that of a single device.

Redundancy ： The ACS is duplicated throughout (input devices, wiring, logic function, outputs), and is periodically tested to ensure that both ‘guard-lines’ are operating correctly.

Reliability ： It should provide the required protection, while subject to all foreseeable aging and environmental conditions at the accelerator facility. These conditions may include weather extremes, high electromagnetic fields, high radiation fields, earthquakes, and the cumulative effects of aging on components, such as corrosion, dirt, and normal wear.

Testable ： Before commission, the system or sub-system shall be checked and assurance to meet the requirements. Pre-test and on line test is necessary.

Fail Safe ： In case of failure, the ACS shall maintain a safe condition.

Expansibility ： The expansion and extension shall be reserved.

Configuration- control (revising and modify control)

Design Principles for ACS

6

The Functional Structure

and Specification of ACS

When the secure area is opened or ACS is break down, beam should be off and machine must be shut down.

The ACS usually incorporate an extensive network of sensors (such as switches), signal distribution (wiring), logic, and outputs to numerous controlled devices (such as beam inhibiting devices and door locks).

All entrances into high radiation areas or rooms must have interlocks.

To control the access of High Radiation Area, the keys and combination are used.

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Implementation of Access Control System

Each safety interlock shall be on a circuit which shall allow it to operate independently of all other safety interlocks.

The caution signs, labels and warning devices around areas of high radiation must be designated.

An audible warming device shall be installed. An administrative announcement should be given

to convey the imminent start of the accelerator or a beamline so that personnel in these areas can recognize that the area is being swept (cleared of personnel) prior to receiving beam.

When a safety interlock system has been tripped, it shall only be possible to resume operation of the accelerator after the condition causing the interrupt has been corrected and reset by hand.

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Features of the Radiation Safety System (RSS)

Interlocked-type Access Control System LINAC, Booster, storage ring, Beamlines Some devices that can generate ionizing radiation not related to the

accelerator beam. (e.g. RF power, High electrical voltage, dark current)

The Safety envelope( Shielding, Fence)

Radiation Control System passive shielding The interlocked-type Radiation Monitoring System (RMS) The Operation EnveLop( OEL)

Beamline Radiation Safety System Optical & Experimental Hutches Heavy Metal Shutters, Photo Shutters

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Block Diagram of the TPS Radiation Safety System (RSS)

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Controlled Area of ACS

The TPS radiation controlled area will be divided into several regions with different levels of access authorizations: free, restricted, prohibited area.

An accelerator area will switch between at least two, access conditions:

machine off / no prompt radiation / free access.

machine on / high prompt radiation / personnel exclusion/ prohibited area

Intermediate controlled access state between the 2 conditions above./ restricted, area

The prohibited area of TPS will be divided into five exclusion regions

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Operation Status of ACS

According to the accelerator operating condition,Accelerator access control status can be divided into controlled entry/Shut down (Green light), limited entry/ Patrol inspection (Yellow light)

and prohibited entry/ In operation (Red light)

停機中Shutdow

n

巡視中Search

運轉中Run

The Safety Connection of ACS

Safety PLC

Integrated PLC

Server(Status

Log& Bulletin)

InterlockSensors

&

Devices

Hardwire

NetworkTo Control RoomFor Status Display

Status Data Log Server (PC)

Ethernet / EPICS

Ring ACS I LINAC ACS V

Status Monitor PC

PLC With DeviceNet

Small PLC With DeviceNet/EPICS

DeviceNet DeviceNet

DeviceNet

Safety PLC

Injection Device

Store Critical Device

HMI

HMIHMI

HMI

Operation Status

Search Check Buttons

Emergency Buttons

Secure Sensors

Operation Status


Emergency Buttons

Secure Sensors

Ring ACS II

Ring ACS III

Ring ACS IV

Operation Status


Emergency Buttons

Secure Sensors

Operation Status


Emergency Buttons

Secure Sensors

Injection Device


Injection Device


Injection Device


IntraNet or Ethernet

IndustrialNetwork

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Some Importance Design Requirements about the use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)

Programmers shall use the nonvolatile memory. To avoid non-predictable interactions and non- testable condition when multiple applications are installed on a single computer, the more attention is suggested about placing on defense-in-depth against the propagation of common-cause failures within and between functions.

No external interferences, e.g., connection to external network, shall be not allowed. The system shall be completely isolated from such networks, including the World Wide Web.

The revision or upgrade should be controlled and secured. The redundancy requirements about hardware and software

should be achieved. The both normal and abnormal operation will be considered. A sufficient Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) system shall be

provided. The measures to watch program fails shall be taken.

Qualified and safety-rated PLC systems shall be used.

The Relationship of RSS and its Sub-systems

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Structure of Ring Tunnel Access Control System (RACS)

Ring Access Control System(RACS)

加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 II

(RACS II)

加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 III

(RACS III)

加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 IV

(RACS IV)

Ring Access Control System I X2(RACS I)

Access Control System(RACS)

II

IIIIV

RF System

Stopper

Dipole Magnet

Audio Alarm

Status display

Illiumiation Control

Interlock Device

Injection Device


Audio Alarm

Status display


Critical Device

Operation Status


Emergency Buttons

Secure Sensors

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RSS Interlock Logic:Booster/Storage Ring

For Single Chain

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Structure of LINAC Access Control System (LACS)

Access Control System(ACS)

Hutch Access Control System(HACS)

Ring Access Control System(RACS)

LINAC Access Control System(LACS) X2

Interlock Device

Injection Device

Operation Status

Search Check Buttons Emergency Buttons

Machine Control System


Audio Alarm

Status display


LINAC to BoosterBeam Stoppers

Secure Sensors

LINAC to Booster Dipole power

LINAC Electron Beam

LINAC RF System

Audio Alarm

Status display


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RSS Interlock Logic: LINAC

For Single Chain

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Flow Graph of Radiation Safety Access Control System (RACS)

Function Diagram of Sub- Access Control System

LINAC Access Control System

(LACS) X2

Operation Status

Search Points

Seal Sensores

加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 II

(RACS II)

加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 III

(RACS III)

加速器環形隧道區門禁管制區 IV

(RACS IV)

Ring Tunnel Region I

(RACS I) X2

LINAC Electron Beam X2Audio Inform

Status Display

Illumination Alarm

II

IIIIV

Energency Buttons

Interlock Sensors

V

Interlock Controllers

Status Transfer

LINAC RF System X2

LTB Dipole Power Supply

LTB Beam Stopper

Booster RF system

Booster Dipole Power Supply

Storage Ring RF system

Storage RingDipole Power Supply

Beam Stoppers

Beamline Heavy Metal Safety Shutters

Interlock Device Interface Boxes

LINAC Electron Beam X2

LINAC RF System X2

LTB Dipole Power Supply

LTB Beam Stopper

Booster RF system

BoosterDipole Power Supply

Storage Ring RF system

Storage Ring Dipole Power Supply

Beam Stoppers

Beamline Heavy Metal Safety Shutters

Interlocked Beam Injection or

Store Critical Devices

LED or

LCD

NSRRC TPS Interlock Device Interface Box

EnableDevice Feedback1 Interlock

Interlock Input10 7 4

12

11 8

Power Switch

Power Inlet

Enable Trigger Output

背板

面板TPS加速器interlock-Device Interface Box外觀圖

2009.03.17 by CCR

Bypass

Interlock 01

1

5 2

9 6 3

Interlock 04

Interlock 03

Interlock 02

Interlock 05

Interlock 08

Interlock 07

Interlock 06

Interlock 09

Interlock 12

Interlock 11

Interlock 10

Device Feedback1

InterlockStatus

Operation Mode

LINAC Gun High Voltage

NSRRC TPS Interlock Device Interface Box : LINAC Gun High Voltage

FeedBack1

FeedBack2

FeedBack1

FeedBack2

Output

NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock Syatem

Run

Power Switch

Power Inlet

背板

面板TPS加速器Radiation Access Interlock Controller外觀圖

2009.10.04 by CCR

Door I41

Door I12

Door M12

Door D11

Search Start

Emergency

Door Force Open

Search Completely

Pre-Run Alarm

Pre-Search Alarm

Ring Region I

NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock System : Ring Region II

Input Hole24

Output Hole73

StausShutdown

05

04

03

02

01

09

08

0706

13 12 1110

I41

I02

M11

M12

D11

Exit Premit

Emergency15

Search 13Emergency14

Emergency13

Emergency 12Emergency 11

Search 12

Search 11

Search 14

I

Door M11

NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock Syatem

Run

Power Switch

Power Inlet

背板

面板TPS加速器LINAC Radiation Access Interlock Controller外觀圖

Door D51 Search Start

Shield Block

Emergency

Door Force Open

Search Completely

Pre-Run Alarm

Pre-Search Alarm

Ring Region V

NSRRC TPS Radiation Access Interlock System : Ring Region II

Input Hole24

Output Hole73

StausShutdown

V D51Exit Premit

Search 51

Search 52Search 53

Search 54

Emergency51Emergency52

Emergency53Emergency54

Emergency55

國家同步輻射研究中心TPS加速器運轉門禁安全連鎖系統(Sub-Access Control System)邏輯圖(DRAFT)

Emergency 11Emergency 12Emergency 13Emergency 14

Door I41(x2)

Search Alarm(Key)

Door D11(x2)

Search Button 11

Search Button 12

Search Button 13

Search Button 15(L)

Door D11 Exit Permit

All Doors’ Key Rerturn

Search Complete

On for 3min

Delay 5min then on

Search Start

Status Display(Alarm)

Alarm Display (Emergency)

Display

Display

Display

Linac Gun Trigger : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status

Key Panel

2009.11.05ccr

On for 20min

Button 11 Display & Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)

Interlock Output *4

Permitted Signal

Exit Bypass

Delay 3min then on

Door Force OpenDisplay

Display

Display

Display

Display

Door M12(x2)

DisplayDoor M11(x2)

Display

LINAC

Booster Ring

Storage Ring

Interlock Output *13

Linac Modulator High Voltage: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2,Status

RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status

Linac E-Gun High Voltage : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status

Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, SatusDipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status

LTB Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, Satus

LTB Injection Button

Display

Display

Operation Status(Search)

Access Control System Display Controller


BeamLine Heavy Metal Shutter: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, SatusSearch Pre-Alarm

(Illumination & Audio)

x3

(Posttion & Locked)

(Posttion & Locked)(Posttion & Locked)

(Posttion & Locked)

Button 12 Display & & Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)

Button 13 Display && Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)

Button 15 Display & & Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)

Operation Status(RUN)

Run Pre-Alarm(Illumination & Audio)

Operation Status(Alarm)

Ring Tunnel

LTB Bending Dipole

BTS Injection Button

Operation mode (1:Decay 0:Top-Up)

RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, Status

Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2, StatusBTS Bending DipoleBTS Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, Satus

Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed, Satus

x3

x3

x3

x3

x3

x2

Force In/Out (x6)

(Search Button:為無段開關)

(為無段開關)

Operation Status(Shutdown)

(Input 24/Output 19(Relayx1((21))

x5

x5

x5

(Output 32 (Relayx16)73) Total:(Input 24)

Timer

On for 3min

Timer

On for 3min

Timer

X

Z

Y

Selfhold Box R

Set in Controll Room: Search Alarm(Key)、All Doors Key Rerturn、Search Complete

Selfhold Box R

Selfhold Box R

ZZ

X Y

Selfhold Box R

Selfhold Box R

x

x

x

x

Y

Y

Y

Y

Z

Z

Z

Z

24V dc Access Interlock SystemInterlock Device

可不可以運轉設備運轉狀況 (閥門上方到位)(閥門下方到位)

24V dc

24V dc

連鎖設備運轉狀況偵測

連鎖設備運轉狀況偵測

Display

Emergency 15

(Posttion & Locked)Door I12(x2)

Search Button 14 Selfhold Box R

xY x3Z

Button 14 Display && Local Search Display and Local Audio Alarm(for 3min)

Selfhold Box R

x

Y

Z

Selfhold Box R

xY

Z

(Output 9(Relayx7((27)) (Output 4(Relayx8((25))

Selfhold Box R

x

YZ(為無段開關)

Every Switch musthas two independent packet safety loops include contract on/off and led signals.

TPS Radiation Safety Access Interlock System Pannels Instal led in Control Room

2009.10.24 by CCR

TPSRing Tunnel Status

RegionI

Shutdown

On

RegionII

Shutdown

On

RegionIII

Shutdown

On

RegionIV

Shutdown

On

TPSLINAC Status

RegionV

Shutdown

On

TPSRing Tunnel KeyBank

RegionI

Off

On

RegionII

Off

On

RegionIII

Off

On

RegionIV

Off

On

Master

Off

On

TPSLINAC

KeyBank

RegionV

Off

On

TPSLINAC

Search Complete

RegionV

RegionI

RegionII

RegionIII

RegionIV

TPSRing Tunnel

Search Complete

Master

Shutdown

On

TPSRing Tunnel KeyBank

國家同步輻射研究中心TPS加速器運轉門禁安全連鎖系統連鎖設備介面盒( Interlock Device Interface Box )邏輯圖(DRAFT)

Bypass Key

Linac Gun Trigger : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

2009.11.04 ccr

(Permitted Signal)

Storage :

Linac Modulator High Voltage: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

Linac Electron Gun High Voltage : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifedDipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

LTB Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

Interlock Device( X2)


Heavy Metal Shutter: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

LTB Bending Dipole : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2 Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

BTS Bending Dipole: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2BTS Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

InterlocK 6 Display InterlocK 5 Display InterlocK 4 Display InterlocK 3 Display InterlocK 2 Display InterlocK 1 Display

InterlocK 7 Display

InterlocK 8 Display

InterlocK 9 Display

InterlocK 10 Display



Display (Operation Mode:Interlock/Bypass)

Status

EnableDisplay

LINAC InterlocK Devices :

Device Status Feedback 1Device Status Feedback 2

Access Control System Display ControllerDisplay


Ring InterlocK Devices : Booster :

BeamLine :Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

Output (A 接點 0n/Off)


LINACLINAC Electron BeamLINAC RF SystemLTB Dipole LTB Beam StopperBooster/Ring TunnelRF systemDipole Power SupplyBeam StopperHeavy Metal ShutterTop-Up InterlockHall Probe (Dipole Setting)Beam stored (e.g. > 150mA)Beam stored (e.g. > 150mA)Injection Enable SignalInjection Enable SignalRadiation Monitor

24V dc

Interlock Device Interface Box of Radiation Interlock System

Interlock Device(Beam Inhibiting Device)

To Get the Operation Permission

Device Status (Shutter Lifted)

(Shutter Close) (Switch on/off)

24V dc

24V dcTo get the device Status

To get the Shutter Status

Give the enabling Signal (Clsoe for go)

24V dc

Interlock Device Interface Box of Radiation Interlock System

Interlock Device(Beam Inhibiting Device)

To Get the Operation Permission

Device Status (Shutter Lifted)

(Shutter Close) (Switch on/off)

24V dc

24V dcTo get the device Status

To get the Shutter Status

Give the enabling Signal (Clsoe for go)

Structure of Sub-ACS

The Layout about the Controlled Enclosures of TPS

The prohibited area will be divided into five exclusion regions.

The Logic Diagram of TPS Sub-ACS for Single chain

Emergency Buttons

Search Start (Key)

Sealed Blocks

Search Buttons

Delay 5min

OperationPermitted Signal

Doors Closes

Doors’ Key Return

Search Complete

Delay 3min

Search Alarm

Operation Alarm

The Interface Box ofThe Interface Box ofTPS Radiation Safety ACSTPS Radiation Safety ACS

Bypass Key

Linac Gun Trigger : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

(Permitted Signal)

Storage :

Linac Modulator High Voltage: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

Linac Electron Gun High Voltage : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifedDipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

LTB Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

Interlock Device( X2)


Heavy Metal Shutter: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

LTB Bending Dipole : Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

RF System: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2 Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2

BTS Bending Dipole: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2BTS Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

Beam Stopper: Enable, Stopper in position, Stopper lifed

InterlocK 6 Display

InterlocK 5 Display

InterlocK 4 Display

InterlocK 3 Display

InterlocK 2 Display

InterlocK 1 Display

InterlocK 7 Display

InterlocK 8 Display

InterlocK 9 Display




Display (Operation Mode:Interlock/Bypass)

Status

EnableDisplay

Linac InterlocK Devices :

Device Status Feedback 1Device Status Feedback 2



Ring InterlocK Devices : Booster :

Beamline :Dipole Power Supply: Enable, Feedback 1, Feedback 2



The Listing of TPS Interlock DevicesLINAC：LINAC Electron Beam X 2

LINAC RF System X2

LTB Dipole

LTB Beam Stopper

Booster/Ring Tunnel ：RF system

Dipole Power Supply

Beamline Interlock ：

Heavy Metal Shutter X48

Beamline Branch Shutter

Radiation Monitor X12

Safety and Operation Envelopes ：Hall Probe or Dipole Setting

Beam Status ( ex. Beam stored > 150mA for Top-up)Beam Status ( ex. Beam stored > 150mA for Top-up)

Beam CurrentBeam Current

Injection Enable SignalInjection Enable Signal

Interlocked doors/gates, Door Keys

Emergency off, Forced In/Out

Beam Inhibiting or Terminate Device

★★★★

★ Critical or Injection Device

(Input)

Signal connections between ACS and Interlocked devices

Patrol Inspection (Search) Procedure

05

04

03

02

01

09080706

13

12

11

10

I41

I12

M11 M12

吊牆吊牆

D11Exit Premit

Emergency 15

Search 13

Emergency 14

Emergency 13

Emergency 12

Emergency 11

Search 12

Search 11Search 14

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The Search Procedure of LINAC Access Control System

LINAC temporary test site

100

3800

50

Safety Interlock Rack(19")

100

4000

120

770

3038

060

1280

100

100

500

550

30

160

222

172

200

488

100

120

540

225

200

175

200

Status Display

Check Point

Emergency Button

Position Sensor

Key Switch

Siren

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Thank you for your attention.

The End.Storage Ring

(1.51 GeV)

Booster Ring(1.51 GeV)

LINAC

Transport Line

Exit S6

CHK S1Exit S4

Exit Pe rmit

CHK S2

CHK S4

CHK S3

Door S8 & B4

CHK S5

CHK S6

Emergency Button

CHK B6

CHK B5

Exit Pe rmit Exit B4

Exit B2

CHK B2

CHK B1

Bending Magnet

Quadrupole Magnet

Pulsed Injection Magnet

Sextupole Magnet

RF Cavity

Insertion Device

Check Point or Door Exit Permit

TLS

TPS

Radiation Protection ： Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding

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Transcript of Radiation Protection ： Time 、 Distance 、 Shielding