Radiation Medicine QA - Solutions 2017/2018PTW Freiburg’s production area, which in the very...

SOLUTIONS 2017

/201

8

RADIATION MEDICINE QA

Radiation Medicine: Introduction

2

Radiation MedicineProducts from PTW

Ionizing RadiationWhen the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered the X-rays in 1895 and French physicistAntoine-Henri Becquerel discovered the nuclear radia-tion of uranium in 1896, which Marie Curie later oncalled “radioactivity”, they initiated a fascinating devel-opment in the science of ionizing radiation. Today modern techniques in medical radiology are essential for human welfare. Modern sciences and industrial production also depend on the use of ionizing radiation.

Contrary to the many positive aspects, the major draw-back of ionizing radiation is the radiation risk. When irradiated, healthy human tissue can be damaged. Thehigher the radiation load to a person, the higher is therisk for the development of diseases. In the case ofintended irradiation of patients in radiation medicine,the radiation exposure to healthy tissue should always beas low as possible. Quite a number of international standards and regulations have settled the principles ofradiation protection for all fields of radiation use.

To ensure proper functioning of technical equipment producing ionizing radiation and to avoid unintended exposure, the radiation output and the equipment quality have to be checked carefully after installation and frequently over time. Since 1922, PTW-Freiburg has been supplying specialized dosemeters to measure the quantity of ionizing radiation with different beam quali-ties in a most precise manner. A calibration laboratoryhas been in continuous operation to provide for correctmeasurement of radiation quantities by the measuringequipment from PTW production from the beginning. In addition, test tools for quality control of medical radiation equipment and radiation monitoring deviceshave always been part of the PTW product line.

Trademarks®

The following product names are registered trademarksof PTW-Freiburg and PTW-New York:

AdvancedMarkus, BQ-CHECK, BraggPeak, CURIEMENTOR,DAVID, DIADEM, DIADOS, DIAMOND, DIAMENTOR, DIAVOLT, Markus, MEPHYSTO, microDiamond, MLCSoft,MultiCheck, MULTIDOS, NOMEX, NORMI, OCTAVIUS,PinPoint, PTWFARMER, QUICKCHECK, QUICKCHECK webline,ROOS, STARCHECK, STARCHECK maxi, TRUFIX, UNIDOS,UNIDOSE, UNIDOS webline, VeriSoft, WEDGECHECK, X-Check

Microsoft and Windows are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

Product InformationSome of the products are used for multiple purposes.Therapy detectors, for example, are used for absolute dosi metry in conjunction with an electrometer and for re lative dosimetry in conjunction with an automaticbeam analyzer. Notes with the ‘ ‘ symbol at the end ofthe product descriptions refer to related items.

Many of the products presented in this catalog requirethe use of a computer. Due to fast technologicalprogress, computer requirements are not included in thedescriptions. We suggest that you contact us for adviceabout an appropriate solution in each specific case.

International StandardsThe medical and electric products from PTW are manu-fac tured in strict accordance with valid internationalstandards. The medical products are CE marked in accordance with the European Medical Device DirectiveMDD.

DeliveryInstruction manuals and software user interfaces are written in English.

Introducing PTW 4

Radiation Therapy 9

Absolute Dosimetry 11

Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry 27

Therapy Beam Analysis 35

Quality Control 49

Diagnostic Radiology 67

Patient Dosimetry 69

Absolute Dosimetry 77

Quality Control 85

Nuclear Medicine 95

Isotope Calibrators 97

Quality Control 103

Health Physics 111

Radiation Monitoring 113

Radiological Calibration 121

Service Contracts 135

Quick View 137

TBA Therapy Beam Analyzers 140

Guide to PTW Dosemeters 142

Guide to PTW Software 144

Product Index 148

Item Number Index 150

Radiation Medicine: Contents

3

Contents

There is no good – unless you do itExcerpt from the autobiography of Dr. HerbertPychlau (1897-1971)

“When I returned to Freiburgas a 27-year-old after aserious illness, I thoughtabout what I wanted to doin my future professional life.I considered qualifying as auniversity lecturer. But in theend, fate would have it that I met Dr. Hammer (Dr. Pychlau’s supervisor (annotation of the translator))in the street. He invited me to have a look at what hehad been doing in the meantime and told me abouthis having set up a business for the production of hisinvention, a dosemeter based on an electrostaticrelay. It was out of sheer friendship back then that Iwent on a series of trips either to set up dosemetersor to in struct their users in the operation. Dr. Hammerhimself had serious financial difficulties to contendwith and couldn’t take many trips owing to his offici-al duties at the university.In this way I came to know all the leading radiolo-gists in person. After two years, the situation of Dr. Hammer’s business was so precarious that hewanted to close it. But, knowing how much theradiologists were in need of such a device and howhighly they appreciated it, I thought it irresponsible tothrow in the towel due to mere financial or secondarytechnical problems. Thanks to my efforts for the dose-meter, the radiologists on one hand as well as an im -portant company in the radiology branch on the otherhad gained a lot of confidence in my person. The latter even agreed to back the further work of ourbusiness if I were willing to take over its management.And so that is how in the year 1927 I took over thedirection of the PTW in an honorary capacity, as itwere. Still I had to earn my living with the translationof patents. It was not until after several hard initialyears that the business could payme a salary. Dosimetrywas an exceptionallyinteresting field of work in those years; so I stuckto it and abando-ned all other plansI had once fostered.”

Dr. Herbert Pychlau, 1897-1971, physicist, owner and director of PTWfrom 1927 until 1971

Prof. Wilhelm Hammer,1885-1949, inventor of therelay-based Hammer dose-meter and founder of PTW

It set global standards for dosemeters: the first dosemeter designed by Dr. Hammer

Time to learn for the future

What our customers all over the world expect

Knowing what responsibility means

The Directors Dr. Edmund Schüle and Dr. Christian Pychlaudiscussing a new improvement

In 1922, twenty-seven years after Röntgen discoveredX-rays, Professor Hammer from the Physics Instituteof Freiburg University founded PTW to produce andmarket his development of an X-ray dosemeter basedon electrostatic relay, a revolutionary new electro -mechanical component for measuring very small elec-trical charges.In 1927, Dr. Herbert Pychlau took over the companyand developed it during four decades into an interna-tionally recognized manufacturer of quality doseme-ters for medical radiology.During the second half of the 20th Century, the business grew into an acknowledged international company, acquiring a good reputation as a pioneerwith both scientists and users.Technical improvements from electrometer tubes andtransistors to microprocessor control and computercommunication modernized the growing spectrum ofproducts. Increasing exports finally led to a furthermilestone in the company’s history: the foundation ofPTW-New York as an independent subsidiary to distri-bute and service PTW products all over the Americancontinent. In January 2002, PTW-France was established.Subsidiaries in Rio de Janeiro, Hong Kong, Beijing, theUK, India and Spain followed.

PTW Freiburg’s production area, which in the verybeginning was located in Professor Hammer’s gardenshed, covers a total area of 9000 m2 today. PTW employs a staff of over 300 all over the world. The company, which scores steady growth, is therecognized market leader in dosimetry today.We at PTW constantly strive to be competent and reliable partners for our customers all over the world,which includes maintaining demanding quality stan-dards as well as comprehensive service and supportstandards. We will continue our efforts to developthe most reliable and highest quality dosimetry pro-ducts in the future as we have in the past, productsin which users and patients put their trust. We are committed to upholding this trust, becausewe know what responsibility means.

Welcome to PTW! Visit our head officein Freiburg, Germany

5

Reception and Meeting Area

Administrationand Marketing

Stores

Production,Repair andMaintenance

SalesPacking Area

Production

CalibrationLaboratory

Production

What you can expect from the market leader

The rules of the market are stringent – so are our principles.

PTW is the global market leader in all essential productlines, which is not least thanks to our historic commit-ment to first-class production – not mass production!The fact that PTW systems are still being used, whichwere installed more than 30 years ago, testifies for thequality of our products.In contrast to common practice, we still maintain ahighly qualified R&D department. In contrast tocommon practice, we design, develop and producewhatever we consider useful inhouse. And in contrastto general practice, we structure sales in such a waythat our customers realize one thing for sure: Not selling, but performance is our motivation! The areas of application of our products include radia-tion therapy, diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicineand health physics. Our product range includes abso-lute and relative dosimetry, quality control equipmentand patient dosimetry for radiation therapy, diagnosticradiology and nuclear medicine as well as radiationmonitoring in radiation protection. Radiological calibration services are an essential partof our activities. PTW operates the first secondarystandard dosimetry laboratory for ionizing radiationaccredited by DAkkS (German Calibration Service) inGermany. We perform radiological calibrations fordosemeters used in medical radiology and health physics, which are directly traceable to the primarystandard. Our calibration lab provides a complete

range of radiological calibrations from low X-rayenergies up to 60Co and from low to high dose rates.With eleven calibration benches in continual use, theaccredited PTW calibration lab, which is under regu-lar control of the national laboratory (PTB), is one ofthe most active calibration labs for ionizing radiationin the world. It also is a member of the IAEA/WHO network for dosimetry in radiation therapy.

One out of eleven calibration benches making PTW one of the busiest calibration facilities for ionizing radiation in the world

For many products detailed technical data are available uponrequest. Ask your local PTW agent or order them via e-mail.

6

Why our philosophy is a conservative one

Quantity can be counted – Quality counts

7

Motivated and responsible staff: the basis for reliable medical products

PTW has always been a synonym for quality.Equipment from the company’s initial years such asthe second generation dosemeters Simplex andDuplex are still in use.

To our customers’ utmost satisfaction and in the serviceof medical technology, PTW has committed itself to thedesign, development and production of high qualitydevices and systems. To do justice to these high expec-tations, PTW introduced a system of quality assuranceat an early stage, which meets the requirements accor-ding to DIN ISO 9001 and EN 46001. Additionally, ourquality management is constantly scrutinized, updatedand adjusted to fulfill national and international stan-dards. In this way, we ensure that our standards – andour products – not only comply with standards, buteven surpass them.

Employee training sessions at regular intervals, expanded service applications and customer support are just as much a part of our daily business as the continual promotion of innovative product ideas and developments. Our medical products are CE-marked according to the European Medical Device Directive.We introduced the testing and calibration of our pro-ducts in realistic conditions as early as 1931. Today,our own inhouse calibration laboratory is an essentialcomponent in ensuring the precision and reliability ofour products.

From development to production, precision counts

Profits can be generated – trust has to be earned

Why we are close to our customers– even to the remote ones

8

You can find PTW agents on all continents, but it isalso possible to have PTW products shipped toFreiburg or our branches for repair and maintenance.We strongly recommend contacting your local PTWagent for recalibration of nearly all kinds of dosime-try equipment.

Recalibration and repair: Just a selection of our after-sales services

For details please visit our website at www.ptw.de

PTW products are well known for their outstandingreliability. Our service standards obligate us to repairand recalibrate each and every PTW product –regardless of where it is in operation.This is by no means a matter of course in our time,but we take pleasure in offering our customers themost comprehensive service and support possible.For instance, PTW runs a service hotline, which provides professional advice to resolve minor pro-blems free of charge. We also provide software and

regular updates for our products,which you can obtain

from your local PTW agent.

Radiation Therapy: Products

9

RADIATION THERAPY

IntroductionRadiation therapy is one of the most powerful weaponsfor an effective fight against the painful disease of humancancer. The treatment techniques and the irradiationequipment have been developed continuously in the pastto meet the goal of delivering radiation loads to cancer tissue in an optimal way and to protect patients againstradiation damage. Dosimetry and quality assurance proce-dures are essential for precise radiation treatment andavoiding unintended irradiation.

Medical physics experts are responsible for the scientificand technical services and consultations in hospitals toguarantee correct cancer treatment using ionizing radia-tion. Medical physics in general is a branch of appliedphysics, and radiation therapy physics is the main area ofactivity of medical physicists worldwide. These physicistsare trained to use special concepts and methods of physicsto help diagnose and treat human disease, and they havecollected practical experience dealing with medical prob-lems and using equipment.

Because medical physics departments in radiation therapyare involved in therapy dosimetry and quality assuranceprocedures, they need to be equipped with appropriatemeasuring and test instruments to provide the best possible cancer treatment including modern treatmenttechniques.

Product Information PTW offers a comprehensive range of measuring andtest equipment for medical physics in radiation therapy.The products are of high quality and have been tried andtested to ensure that responsible medical physicists canfulfill their duties and provide continual patient treat-ment on high quality levels.

Medical physics in radiation therapy includes a number ofdifferent measuring and quality control tasks. Therefore,the product catalog is divided into four chapters:

Absolute Dosimetry

Presents dosemeters, electrometers, radiation detec-tors and calibration phantoms for absolute calibrateddosi metry.

Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry

Presents in-vivo dosemeters for direct patient dosimetryduring treatment and medical physics equipment forbrachytherapy dosimetry.

TBA Therapy Beam Analysis

Presents automatic measuring equipment for dose dis-tribution measurement and analysis of therapy beams.

Quality Control

Presents test equipment for various quality control procedures.

PTW Products forMedical Physics inRadiation Therapy

Radiation Therapy: Introduction

10

Absolute Dosimetry

Absolute Dosimetry Equipment

UNIDOSwebline Universal Dosemeter 13

UNIDOS E Universal Dosemeter 13

TANDEM Dual Channel Electrometer 14

Detector Extension Cables 14

Semiflex Ionization Chambers 15

Rigid Stem Ionization Chamber 15

PTW Farmer Ionization Chambers 16

Advanced Markus Electron Chamber 17

Roos Electron Chamber 17

PinPoint Ionization Chambers 18

Dosimetry Diodes 18

microDiamond 19

Bragg Peak Ionization Chambers 19

T-REF Chamber 20

Soft X-Ray Ionization Chambers 20

Soft X-Ray Slab Phantom 21

UniSoft Dosimetry Software 21

Barometers, Thermometer 22

Radioactive Check Devices 22

Build-up Caps for Ionization Chambers 23

ESTRO Mini Phantoms 23

Brass Mini Phantoms 23

Acrylic and RW3 Slab Phantoms 24

Water Phantom 41023 for Horizontal Beams 24

Water Phantom 41001 for Vertical Beams 25

11

Radiation Therapy: Absolute Dosimetry

Absolute DosimetryRadiation Therapy: Absolute Dosimetry

IntroductionThe quantification of ionizing radiation and the manufac-ture of reliable radiation dosemeters has been a challengefor medical physics experts since in 1895 W. C. Röntgendiscovered the X-rays in Würzburg, Germany.

PTW-Freiburg presented the first industrially producedtherapy dosemeter, the Hammer dosemeter, in 1922, ofwhich approximately 1000 units have been delivered.During the period of meanwhile nine decades PTW-Freiburg developed, produced and distributed thousandsof high quality radiation detectors and electrometers forabsolute dosimetry in radiation therapy to the medicalphysics community around the world.

Product InformationThe present product line includes a wide range of toplevel dosemeters, ionization chambers, solid state detec-tors, check devices and calibration phantoms in differentdesigns for multiple dosimetry purposes. Radiationdetectors, dosemeters and connection cables can besupplied with different connecting systems. When order-ing radiation detectors, the appropriate connector codecan be added to the chamber type number. The codesare N for BNT, W for TNC and M for PTW-M type con-nectors.

CalibrationSince the first days PTW-Freiburg put efforts to providefor accurate calibration of the radiation measuringinstruments.

The calibration facilities and the content of the calibrationcertificates are described in the health physics chapter.When ordering ionization chambers please specify thedesired calibration including beam quality, measuringquantity and reference temperature.

International StandardsThe dosemeters are developed and produced inaccordance with the international IEC standards. TheUNIDOSwebline and the UNIDOS E dosemeters as second-ary standard dosemeters in addition are based on theIPEM guidelines. The dosemeters are used according tothe international protocols for therapy dosimetry. Themajor standards are:

IPEM Guidelines on dosimetry transfer instruments as a secondary standard dosemeter

IAEA Report TRS-381The Use of Plane Parallel Ionization Chambers in High Energy Electron and Photon Beams

IAEA Report TRS-398Absorbed Dose Determination in External BeamRadio therapy: An International Code of Practice forDo si me try based on Standards of Absorbed Dose toWater

AAPM TG-25, Report #32Clinical electron beam dosimetry

AAPM TG-51, Report #67Protocol for clinical reference dosimetry of high-energy photon and electron beams

DIN 6800-2Dosismessverfahren nach der Sondenmethode fürPhotonen- und Elektronenstrahlung Teil 2: Ionisationsdosimetrie

12

Radiation Therapy: Absolute Dosimetry Equipment

UNIDOS® EUniversal Dosemeter

13

High performance secondary standardand reference class dosemeter / electro -meter with integrated network features

FeaturesHigh quality reference class dosemeter for radiationtherapy, diagnostic radiology and health physics

Integration in a LAN with the internet standard TCP/IP

Remote access functionality

E-mail capability, eg. to initiate self tests and to senda status report

Configurable TFT display with wide viewing angles

Easy and fast menu-driven handling with navigation knob

The UNIDOSwebline is a high-precision, secondary standardreference class dosemeter combined with modern net-work features. This unique dosemeter offers high quality,reliability and an excellent adaptation to the measuringtasks. It has the best performance on the market.The Ethernet interface based on the TCP/IP protocolmakes it possible to integrate the UNIDOSwebline in a LANfor remote access and e-mail capability. Important settingscan be password protected (different levels). The oper -ation language is selectable. A comprehensive statistic anddata logging function is implemented. Chamber data arestored in a comprehensive chamber library. Air density iscorrected by keying in air pressure and temperature or bymeans of radioactive check devices. The check device dataare stored in a database. An internal clock calculates theisotope radioactivity decay. The device features both mainsand battery operation. UNIDOSwebline surpasses the requirements for referenceclass dosemeters according to IEC60731, the IPEM second-ary standard dosemeter guidelines, IEC 61674 for diagnos-tic radiology and IEC 60846 for health physics.

Ordering InformationT10023 UNIDOSwebline, connecting system BNTT10022 UNIDOSwebline, connecting system TNCT10021 UNIDOSwebline, connecting system M

OptionsL522021 UNIDOS Carrying caseE41100B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Easy to use reference class or field classdosemeter / electrometer for routinedosimetry

FeaturesAn economical high quality dosemeter for universal use in radiation therapy and diagnostic radiology

Complies with the following standards:- IEC 60731 as a field class dosemeter- IEC 60731 as a reference class dosemeter (option) - IPEM guidelines on dosimetry transfer instruments

as a secondary standard dosemeter (option)- IEC 61674 as a diagnostic dosemeter

High accuracy, excellent resolution (1 fA) and widedynamic measuring ranges

HV power supply (0… ±400) V in increments of ±50V

Measures integrated dose (or charge) and dose rate (or current) simultaneously

RS232 interface for device control and data output

The lightweight and compact UNIDOS E is an easy to usedosemeter, mainly used for daily routine dosimetry in radi-a tion therapy. Ion chambers and solid-state detectors canbe connected. A chamber library makes it possible to storecalibration data. Air density corrections are done by keyingin air pressure and temperature. UNIDOS E displays themeasured values of dose and dose rate in Gy, R, Gy/min,R/min or Gy·m. The electrical values charge and current aremeasured in C and A. The device includes automatic leak-age compensation and an RS232 interface. The high voltagebetween the ion chamber electrodes is checked automati-cally. UNIDOS E features both mains and battery operation.

Ordering InformationT10010 UNIDOS E, connecting system BNT, 115/230 VT10009 UNIDOS E, connecting system TNC, 115/230 VT10008 UNIDOS E, connecting system M, 115/230 V

OptionsE10101 UNIDOS E Reference class certificateT11003.1.020 UNIDOS E Carrying case E41100B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.Service Contracts page 135

UNIDOSwebline

Universal Dosemeter

Dual channel electrometers for absolutedosimetry with TanSoft software and forrelative dosimetry with TBA systems

FeaturesDual channel therapy dosemeters in accordance withIEC 60731 (field class), resolution 10 fA (TANDEM XDR: 100 fA)

XDR version with extendend dose rate range for e.g.IORT available

Absolute dose measurement with TanSoft software

Fast scanning measurements in motorized water phantoms (time constant 10 ms)

Accepts ion chambers and solid state detectors to be connected

High resolution for small size ion chambers

The TANDEM electrometer is calibrated in electrical cur-rent (A). It can be operated by a PC as an absolute ther-apy dosemeter. The TanSoft software provides calibrationand correction factors for various detectors and displaysthe measurement results. The chamber voltage for bothchannels is individually programmable in 50 V incrementsup to 400 V with reversible polarity. The TANDEM is veryfast and makes it possible to set minimum measuringintervals of 10 ms. It features auto-range and offset com-pensation. TANDEM is also designed to perform radia-tion field measurements referenced to an ionizationchamber. In conjunction with a TBA therapy beam ana-lyzer, MEPHYSTO software controls TANDEM for fast andaccurate beam data acquisition. A trigger input synchro-nizes measurements with external signals.

Ordering InformationT10015 TANDEM Electrometer, connecting system BNTT10016 TANDEM Electrometer, connecting system TNCT10011 TANDEM Electrometer, connecting system MT10038 TANDEM XDR Electrometer, connecting system BNTT10039 TANDEM XDR Electrometer, connecting system TNCT10037 TANDEM XDR Electrometer, connecting system MT99030 Power supply 110 V ... 240 V

OptionS080028 TanSoft software

High quality triax extension cables withBNT, TNC and PTW-M connectors

FeaturesServe as low noise triax cables for the connection of radiation detectors to electrometers

Low cable leakage caused by irradiation

Resistance against radiation damage

Available in lengths of up to 100 meters

The low noise extension cables for the connection ofradiation detectors to dosemeters and electrometers areof high quality for precise current measurements downto 10-15 A. When irradiated, the cable leakage is lessthan 10-12 C/(Gy·cm). The triaxial cables provide insu -lated potentials for the measuring signal, the guard elec-trode, and high voltage. Besides the standard version, a 'heavy duty' version is available for rugged use. Thestandard extension cables of 20 m length can be sup-plied on cable reels. The cables can be supplied with various connector types. The BNT connector with bayo-net mounting and the TNC connector with threadedmounting put high voltage to the chamber guard ringwhile the PTW-M connector grounds the guard. (BNCand banana pin upon request.) For through-wall installa-tions, the extension cables with BNT, TNC, and M con-nectors can be supplied with a flexible armored metaltube to protect the cable against damage.

Ordering InformationT26005.1.002-10 BNT Extension cable, 10 m lengthT26002.1.001-10 TNC Extension cable, 10 m lengthT2954/K2-10 M Extension cable, 10 m length

Other lengths‚ ‘heavy duty' execution, armored versionsand 20 m cable on reels upon request

Dosemeters and Detectors page 13ff.

TANDEM DualChannel Electrometers

Detector Extension Cables

14


Waterproof thimble chambers for measur-ing high-energy photon and electron radi-ation in air, water and phantom material

FeaturesVented sensitive volumes of 0.07 cm3, 0.125 cm3

and 0.3 cm3

Suitable for use in water phantoms

Flat energy response within a wide energy range

The semiflex chambers are designed for therapy dosime-try, mainly for dose distribution measurements in motor-ized water phantoms. They have a short stem for mount-ing and a flexible connection cable. The nominal usefulenergy range is from 140 kV to 50 MV photons and 10 MeV to 45 MeV electrons. The wall material is gra -phite with a protective acrylic cover. The guard rings aredesigned up to the measuring volume. An acrylic build-upcap for in-air measurement in 60Co beams is includedwith each chamber, as well as a calibration certificate forcalibration in absorbed dose to water or in air kerma. Airdensity correction is required for each measurement, anda radio active check device is available as an option. Thecham bers are shaped cylindrically. The 0.07 cm3 chamberis ideal for 3D dosimetry in a water phantom, since themeasuring volume is approximately spherical resulting in aflat angular res ponse over an angle of ± 180° and a uni-form spatial resolution along all three axes of a waterphantom.

Ordering InformationSemiflex chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC, M or L (31021 only):

31021 Semiflex 3D chamber 0.07 cm3

31010 Semiflex chamber 0.125 cm3

31013 Semiflex chamber 0.3 cm3

E41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Therapy Dosemeters page 13f.Radioactive Check Devices page 22Calibration Service page 134Service Contracts page 135

Thimble chamber for measuring high-energy photon and electron radiationin air and in phantom material

FeaturesVented sensitive volume of 0.3 cm3

Suitable as reference chamber for use in solid phantoms

Very flat energy response within a wide range

The rigid stem chamber is designed as a reference cham-ber for absolute dosimetry to be used in radiation thera-py or by secondary standard dosimetry laboratories(SSDL). It has very small variations of response with radi-ation quality from low X-ray energies up to high-energyphoton and electron radiation. The nominal useful energy range is from 70 kV to 25 MV photons and 6 MeV to 25 MeV electrons. The wall material is graphitewith a protective acrylic cover. The electrode is made ofgraphite-coated aluminum. The guard ring is designedup to the measuring volume. The chamber is construct-ed with a long stem of approx. 25 cm length for easymounting in the radiation beam.An acrylic build-up cap for in-air measurement in 60Cobeams is included as well as a calibration certificate forcalibration in absorbed dose to water or in air kerma. Air density correction is required for each measurement.A radioactive check device is available as an option.

Ordering InformationRigid stem chamber, connecting system BNT, TNC or M:

30016 Rigid stem chamber 0.3 cm3



Semiflex Ionization Chambers

Rigid Stem Ionization Chamber

15


Thimble chambers for measuring high-energy photon and electron radiationin air or in phantom material

FeaturesVented sensitive volumes of 0.6 cm3

Suitable as therapy chambers for use in solid phantoms Flat energy response Two different versions are available

The 0.6 cm3 PTW Farmer chambers are designed forabsolute photon and electron dosimetry with therapydosemeters. Two chamber types for measurements in airor in solid state phantom material are available:

Type 30010 is the standard chamber. The wall mate-rial is graphite with a protective acrylic cover, and theelectrode is made of Al. The nominal photon energyrange is from 30 kV to 50 MV.

Type 30012 is used for therapy dosimetry, where achamber with graphite wall and Al electrode is requi -red. The nominal photon energy range is from 60 kVto 50 MV.

The electron energy range of all chambers is from 6 MeV to 50 MeV. The chamber type 30012 with its graphite cap is ofdelicate construction and should be handled with extremecare. The guard rings of both cham ber types are designed upto the measuring volume. An acrylic build-up cap for in-airmeasurement in 60Co beams is in cluded with each chamber,as well as a calibration certi ficate.

Ordering InformationPTW Farmer chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC or M(only 30010) and a cable length of 1m or 10m:

30010 PMMA/Al Farmer chamber30012 Graphite/Al Farmer chamberE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Waterproof thimble chamber for meas-uring high-energy photon and electronradiation in water


Suitable as therapy chamber for use in water Flat energy response

The 0.6 cm3 PTW Farmer chamber type 30013 is a water-proof standard chamber for absolute photon and electrondosimetry with therapy dosemeters to be used in water orin solid-state material. The nominal photon energy rangeis from 30 kV to 50 MV, the electron energy range is from10 MeV to 50 MeV. This chamber type is of rugged con-struction, since the wall material is graphite with a protec-tive acrylic cover and the electrode is made of aluminum.The guard ring is designed up to the measuring volume.The chamber is supplied with a cable of 1 m length.Different connector types are available.A calibration certificate for calibration in absorbed doseto water or air kerma is included with each chamber. Airdensity correction is required for each measurement. A radioactive check device is available as an option.

Ordering InformationWaterproof PTW Farmer chamber, connecting system BNT,TNC, M or L:

30013 Waterproof Farmer chamberE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


PTW Farmer®

Ionization ChambersWaterproof PTWFarmer® Chamber

16


Plane-parallel ion chamber for high-energy electron measurements inwater and solid state phantoms


Same outer dimensions as the classic Markus chamber Wide guard ring designSuitable for relative and absolute electron dosimetry The chamber is waterproof when used with protective cap

The Advanced Markus chamber1 is a further develop-ment of the classic Markus chamber, featuring a wideguard ring design to avoid perturbation effects by reduc-ing the influence of scattered radiation from the hous-ing. Since the outer shape is identical with the Markuschamber, all existing Markus chamber phantom platesand adapters can be used with the Advanced Markuschamber. The small sensitive volume makes the chamberideal for dose distribution measurements in a waterphantom, giving a good spatial resolution. The chamberfeatures a flat energy response within the nominal ener-gy range from 2 MeV to 45 MeV. With the very thinmembrane of only 0.03 mm polyethylene, the chamberis suitable for use in solid state phantoms. The chambercomes with a protective acrylic cover of 0.87 mm thick-ness (1 mm water equivalence) for use in water. A cali-bration certificate with a 60Co calibration factor given inabsorbed dose to water is included. Air density correc-tion is required for each measurement. A radioactivecheck device is available as an option. The chamber cablelength is 1.05 m.

1 The Advanced Markus chamber was developed in cooperation with Prof. Rosenow, Göttingen University, Germany

Ordering InformationMarkus chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC or M:34045 Advanced Markus electron chamber, 0.02 cm3

23343 Classic Markus electron chamber, 0.055 cm3E41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Precision Plane-parallel chamber for ab so -lute dosimetry of high-energy electron radi -ation in water and solid state phantoms


Reference chamber for precise absolute electrondosimetry

Perturbation-free design and minimal polarity effect

Suitable for use in water and in solid state phantoms

The Roos electron chamber1 is used as a reference elec-tron chamber. It is recommended by the IAEA2 for highprecision electron dosimetry in radiation therapy. Thechamber has a 4 mm wide guard ring to exclude any per-turbation effect even at low electron energies. The polar-ity effect is negligible (< 0.5 % at 10 MeV). The energyresponse is only influenced by the stopping power ratioswater / air. The chamber is waterproof for absolute doseand depth dose measurements in a water phantom. Theacrylic entrance window has a thickness of 1 mm. Thenominal useful energy range is from 2 MeV to 45 MeV. A calibration certificate with a 60Co calibration factorgiven in absorbed dose to water is included. Air densitycorrection is required for each measurement. A radioac-tive check device with adapter is available as an option.The chamber cable length is 1.08 m.

1 The Roos electron chamber was developed in cooperation with Dr. Roos,PTB-Braunschweig, German Federal Institute of Physics and Metrology(National La boratory of Germany)

2 Technical Report No. TRS-381. The Use of Plane Parallel IonizationChambers in High Energy Electron and Photon Beams, IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency), Vienna 1997

Ordering InformationRoos chamber, connecting system BNT, TNC or M:34001 Roos electron chamberE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Advanced Markus®

Electron ChamberRoos®

Electron Chamber

17



Dosimetry Diodes

18

Waterproof ion chambers for dosemeasurements in radiotherapy withhigh spatial resolution


and 0.03 cm3

Suitable for dose scanning in radiotherapy beamswith a superior spatial resolution

Suitable for use in water

The waterproof PinPoint chambers have been speciallydesigned for relative beam profile measurements in amotorized water phantom for characterization of LINACradiation fields where superior spatial resolution is de -sired. The PinPoint chambers are ideally suited for this pur -pose with their inner diameters of only 2 mm (model31014) and 2.9 mm (model 31015/31022). The chambermodel 31022 shows a flat angular response, since themeasuring volume is approximately spherical. When cali-brated against a PTW Farmer chamber, the PinPointchambers can be used for depth dose and absolute dosemeasurements. The sensitive volume is vented. The wallmaterial is graphite with a protective acrylic cover. Thechambers are fully guar ded up to the measuring volume.The nominal energy range is 60Co up to 50 MV photons(31014/31015) and 60Co up to 25 MV photons (31022).The chambers have a short stem for mounting and aflexible connection cable. They can be supplied with dif-ferent connector types.

Ordering InformationPinPoint chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC or M:

31014 PinPoint chamber, 0.015 cm3

31015 PinPoint chamber, 0.03 cm3

31022 PinPoint 3D chamber, 0.016 cm3


TANDEM Dual Channel Dosemeter page 14Detector Extension Cables page 14TBA Detector Holding Devices page 44Service Contracts page 135

Waterproof diode detectors for dose dis -tribution measurements in high-energyphoton, electron and proton beams

FeaturesDosimetry Diode P type 60016: 60Co … 25 MV photons, field size 1x1 cm2 … 40x40 cm2

Dosimetry Diode E type 60017:(6…25) MeV electrons, field size 1x1 cm2…40x40 cm2

60Co…25 MV photons, field size 1x1 cm2 …10x10 cm2

Dosimetry Diode SRS type 60018:60Co…6 MV photons, field size 1x1 cm2 …10x10 cm2

Dosimetry Diode PR type 60020:(50…270) MeV protons, field size 1x1 cm2…40x40 cm2

Extremely small sensitive area of 1 mm2

Suitable for dose scanning in stereotactic and IMRTfields because of the superior spatial resolution

The Dosimetry Diodes are p-type Si diode detectors de -signed for dose distribution measurements in high-energyphoton, electron and proton beams. Applications areIMRT, stereotactic beams, brachytherapy and water phan-tom scanning. The Dosimetry Diodes feature an extremelysmall sensitive volume shaped as a disk with an area of 1 mm2. This makes them very suitable for use in smallfields with a very high spatial resolution. Because of thefavorable signal-to-noise ratio, the Dosimetry Diodes aresuitable for high precision dose distribution measure-ments. The waterproof Dosimetry Diodes can be used inwater phantoms without additional protective sleeves.After cross-calibration by the user in comparison with acalibrated therapy chamber, the Dosimetry Diodes can beused for absolute dosimetry. The Dosimetry Diodes areusually irratiated in axial direction.

Ordering InformationDosimetry Diodes, connecting system BNT, TNC or M:

60016 Dosimetry Diode P for photons60017 Dosimetry Diode E for electrons and photons60018 Dosimetry Diode SRS for photons up to 6 MV60020 Dosimetry Diode PR for protonsE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

PinPoint®

Ionization Chambers


Waterproof diamond detector for dosemeasurements in high-energy photon,electron and particle beams

FeaturesSmall sensitive volume of 0.004 mm3

Excellent radiation hardness and temperature independence

Near tissue-equivalence

Operates without high voltage

All connecting systems available (BNT, TNC, M)

The microDiamond detector is a synthetic single crystaldiamond detector (SCDD), based on a unique fabricationprocess [1, 2]. Significant advantages of the synthetic pro-duction are standardised assembly and consequently ahigh reproducibility of the dosimetric properties andgood availability of the detector.

Ordering InformationTN60019 microDiamond Detector, connecting system BNTTW60019 microDiamond Detector, connecting system TNCTM60019 microDiamond Detector, connecting system ME41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Service Contracts page 135

The microDiamond detector is realized in collaboration with Marco Marinelliand Gianluca Verona-Rinati and their team, Industrial EngineeringDepartment of Rome Tor Vergata University, Italy.

[1] I. Ciancaglioni, M. Marinelli, E. Milani, G. Prestopino, C. Verona, G. Verona-Rinati, R. Consorti, A. Petrucci and F. De Notaristefani, Dosimetric charac-terization of a synthetic single crystal diamond detector in clinical radiationtherapy small photon beams, Med. Phys. 39 (2012), 4493

[2] C. Di Venanzio, M. Marinelli, E. Milani, G. Prestopino, C. Verona, G. Verona-Rinati, M. D. Falco, P. Bagalà, R. Santoni and M. Pimpinella, Characterizationof a synthetic single crystal diamond Schottky diode for radiotherapy elec-tron beam dosimetry, Med. Phys. 40 (2013), 021712

Waterproof plane-parallel chambers fordosimetry in proton and heavy ionbeams

FeaturesWaterproof, wide guard ring design

Sensitive volumes 10.5 cm3 and 2.5 cm3, vented to air

The Bragg peak chambers are designed to measure theexact location of the Bragg peak in therapy proton and heavy ion beams. The large diameters of the cham-bers allow the measurement of the complete beam diam-eter (non-scanned) including the scattered particles. Thechambers are waterproof and consequently can either beused in air behind a water column or in a water phantom. In water, both Bragg peak chambers can be used for measurements of horizontal beams. Due to the thickerentrance and exit windows, the 34070 Bragg peak cham-ber can additionally be used in vertical beams wheremeasurements are performed in different water depths.The cable length is 2.5 m.

The Bragg peak chamber 34070 can also be used as alarge area chamber for photon measurement. The largeentrance window with a diameter of 84 mm makes thechamber suitable for the measurement of the dose areaproduct of narrow photon beams.

Ordering InformationTN34070-2,5 Bragg peak chamber 10.5 cm3,

connecting system BNT

TW34070-2,5 Bragg peak chamber 10.5 cm3,connecting system TNC

TM34070-2,5 Bragg peak chamber 10.5 cm3,connecting system M

TN34073-2,5 Bragg peak chamber 2.5 cm3,connecting system BNT

TW34073-2,5 Bragg peak chamber 2.5 cm3,connecting system TNC

TM34073-2,5 Bragg peak chamber 2.5 cm3,connecting system M


microDiamond®

Diamond DetectorBragg Peak®

Ionization Chambers

19


Reference detector for small fields

FeaturesVery low total area density of 206 mg/cm2

No measurable perturbation of the beam

High and very stable signal

No contact to linac head

Fast and easy to mount

The T-REF chamber 34091 provides a solution to theproblem where to put a reference detector in smallfields. The T-REF chamber is a large-area plane-paralleltransmission reference chamber and proved to be easy touse. From the minimum distance to the water surfaceon, there are no measurable perturbations of the beam.The very good signal-to-noise-ratio makes it an excellentoption for the use as a reference detector.

Ordering InformationTN34091 T-REF chamber, connecting system BNT

including holderTW34091 T-REF chamber, connecting system TNC

including holderTM34091 T-REF chamber, connecting system M

including holderE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Plane-parallel chambers with thinmembranes for measuring therapeuticX-rays in air and solid state phantoms


and 0.20 cm3

Very thin flat entrance windows for dose measurements of low energy X-ray beams

Suitable for use in air and in solid state phantoms

The 0.02 cm3 soft X-ray chamber type 23342 is the stan-dard ionization chamber for dose measurements insuperficial radiation therapy. The 0.20 cm3 chamber type23344 with its bigger sensitive volume is used for similarpurposes, where a higher response is required. The usualcalibration of both chambers is done at 15 kV to 70 kV. Thechambers have a very flat energy response in the rangefrom 10 kV to 100 kV. The 0.005 cm3 soft X-ray chamber type 34013 has anextremely small sensitive volume and makes it possible tomeasure therapeutic X-ray beams with very small fieldsizes or with steep fluence gradients. The calibration istypically done at 15 to 50 kV. The energy response with-in this range is ± 2 %.The membrane material is polyethylene of 0.03 mmthickness. The guard ring borders the measuring volume.A calibration certificate is included. Air density correctionis required for each measurement. A radioactive checkdevice is available as an option.

Ordering InformationSoft X-ray chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC, M orL (23344 only):

34013 Soft X-ray chamber 0.005 cm3




Therapy Dosemeters page 13f.Radioactive Check Devices page 22Calibration Service page 134Soft X-Ray Slab Phantom page 21Service Contracts page 135

T-REF Chamber Soft X-Ray Ionization Chambers

20


Small size acrylic slab phantom for soft X-ray dosimetry with soft X-raychambers

FeaturesSuitable for soft X-rays up to 100 kV

Makes it possible to perform absolute dose anddepth dose measurement in a solid state phantom

Supplied with chamber adapter plate and solid housing

The slab phantom type 2962 is designed for therapydosi metry on X-ray therapy equipment in the energyrange from 7.5 kV to 100 kV bremsstrahlung. It is usedfor depth dose measurements and for calibration purposes, using the soft X-ray chambers type 34013(0.0053 cm3), 23342 (0.02 cm3) or 23344 (0.2 cm3). Theslab phantom consists of 1 plate 1 mm thick, 2 plateseach 2 mm thick, 2 plates each 5 mm thick and 5 plateseach 10 mm thick. This combination enables the user tovary the measuring depth from the surface to a depth of6 cm in increments of 1 mm. To provide for backscatter,slabs are placed below the radiation detector. The size ofthe slabs is 13 cm x 13 cm. Three models with adapterplates are available for the above-mentioned chambertypes. The slab phantom is supplied in a solid storage case,which is also used for the measurement set-up.

Ordering InformationL981467 Acrylic slab phantom for chamber type 34013L981035 Acrylic slab phantom for chamber type 23342L981034 Acrylic slab phantom for chamber type 23344

Soft X-ray Ionization Chambers page 20

Software for radiation therapy dosi metry according to internationaldosimetry protocols

FeaturesDetermines chamber correction factors and calculatesabsorbed dose to water

Put out data in worksheet format

Two versions are available to support all established international therapy dosimetry protocols

The UniSoft software is designed to determine theabsorbed dose to water of high-energy photon and elec-tron radiation out of dosemeter readings from ionizationchambers based on 60Co calibrations.

UniSoft software, Edition 2000 supports the AAPM TG-51and IAEA TRS-398 therapy dosimetry protocols by calcu-lating the relevant correction factors for air density, polar-ity effect, saturation effect, radiation quality and displace-ment. A software module to control the dose meter andto position the detector is included.UniSoft features ionization chamber libraries to storechamber data necessary for the determination of correc-tion factors. Dosimetry worksheets can be defined for dif-ferent dosimetry protocols, beam qualities, types of ion-ization chambers and two kinds of air density correction.

Ordering InformationS100009 UniSoft Software, Edition 2000

UNIDOSwebline Universal Dosemeter page 13UNIDOS E Universal Dosemeter page 13MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30TANDEM Dual Channel Electrometer page 14Radiation Detectors page 15ff.Radioactive Check Devices page 22MEPHYSTO mc2 Software page 38

Soft X-Ray Slab Phantom

UniSoftDosimetry Software

21

22

RadioactiveCheck Devices

BarometerThermometer

Precise air pressure and temperaturemeasuring instruments for air densitycorrection of ion chamber readings

FeaturesThe barometers provide precise measurement ofabsolute air pressure in hPa

Official calibrations traceable to primary standards areoptionally available for barometers and thermometer

The precision barometers and the thermometer are usedto determine air density correction factors for absolutedosimetry.

The precision barometers are calibrated against sea level.

The temperature-compensated barometers have a circu-lar analogue scale with 115 mm diameter. The scale res-olution is 0.5 hPa. The metal housing is supplied with aflange for wall mounting.

The analogue precision thermometer is a mercury ther-mometer with a glass capillary. The measuring range isfrom 0 °C to 50 °C, and the scale resolution is 0.2 °C.

The digital combined barometer and thermometer deviceis equipped with interfaces for data transfer to a PC.

Ordering InformationL991133 Precision barometer (900 ... 1050) hPa

L991237 Precision barometer (900 ... 1050) hPa with German calibration

L991385 Precision barometer (300 … 1300) hPa and thermometer (-20 … 50) °C, digital with USB andLAN interface, software included

L654004 Precision thermometer (0 ... 50) °C

L654003 Precision thermometer (0 ... 50) °C, officially calibrated

Radioactive check devices for air den si tycorrection and constancy checks oftherapy dosemeters

FeaturesMake it possible to perform air density correctionswhen using vented ionization chambers

Check proper functioning and constancy of the complete dosemeter

Two types for thimble and flat chambers are available

Include encapsulated low activity of 33 MBq (type T48012) resp. 20 MBq 90Sr (type T48010)

The radioactive check devices are recommended for high pre-cision dosimetry. They enable medical physicists to check thestability of ionization chamber response and to de ter mine airdensity correction factors. For sealed in-vivo ionization cham-bers the use of a radioactive check device is mandatory (IEC60731). Check readings should be done each time beforestarting a dose measurement. The chamber calibration certifi-cate in cludes the re f erence reading under standard conditions.The check reading will decrease over time due to the decay ofthe activity. The 90Sr half-value time is 28.7 years. Both checkdevices include shielding containers, and the check deviceT48012 is supplemented by a thermometer for controlling thecheck device temperature. Various holding devices for theadaptation of different ion chambers are available. Due to thearrangement of the radioactive source of the check devicemodel T48012, the measuring volume of the inserted thimblechamber is irradiated from all directions. The cylindrical sourceof the check device model T48010 is placed near to theentrance window of flat ion chambers by means of the appro-priate holding device. The source T48012 is equivalent to ISOclass C64444, the source T48010 is equivalent to classC6X444. The dose rate in 10 cm distance is below 1 µSv/h(with cover closed). Please observe the national regulations fortransport and use of radioactive material. Before shipping, weneed a confirmation certifying that the purchaser is allowed tohandle the radioactive sources.

Ordering informationT48012 Radioactive check device for thimble chambersT48010 Radioactive check device for flat chambers

Chamber/check source holding devices upon request


23

ESTRO Mini Phantoms

Build-Up Caps forIonization Chambers

Acrylic and brass build-up caps forthimble chambers for use in high-energy photon beams

FeaturesPhoton energy ranges from 60Co up to 30 MV

Establish electron equilibrium for in-air measurement

Suitable for PTW Farmer, Semiflex and PinPoint 3Dchambers

Made of acrylic or brass

Build-up caps are used with thimble ionization chambersfor in-air measurements in photon beams when electronequilibrium is desired. Each standard delivery of a thim-ble chamber includes an appropriate acrylic build-up capfor 60Co. Optionally, a variety of build-up caps is avail-able for different ionization chamber types and for different photon energy ranges. Acrylic build-up caps aremore water-equivalent than brass build-up caps, buttheir size may be disadvantageous when used in smallbeams.Acrylic build-up caps are available for the chamber type:

- 0.6 cm3 PTW Farmer chambers

Brass build-up caps are available for the chamber types:

- 0.125 cm3 Semiflex chamber

- PinPoint 3D chamber

The wall thicknesses cover the energy range from 60Coto 20 MV photons.

Ordering InformationVariety of acrylic and brass build-up caps upon request

Semiflex Ionization Chambers page 15PTW Farmer Ionization Chambers page 16

Acrylic phantoms for “in air” measure-ment acc. ESTRO recommendation

Features“In air” measurement according to ESTRO

Accommodate a Farmer type chamber or 0.3 cm3

semiflex chamber at a depth of 100 mm

The acrylic cylinder mini phantoms are designed for “in air” measurements or the measurement of volume scatter ratios, described in the ESTRO booklet 3 /1997. Theyhave a height of 188 mm and a diameter of 40 mm each.

Ordering InformationT40023.1.010 ESTRO Mini Phantom longitudinal for

Farmer chamber

T40036.1.010 ESTRO Mini Phantom perpendicular forFarmer chamber

T40036.1.020 ESTRO Mini Phantom perpendicular for0.3cm3 semiflex chamber

Brass Mini PhantomsBrass phantoms for “in air” measurements

Features“In air“ measurement according to standards

Accommodate a PinPoint 3D type chamber or different detectors types at a water equivalent depth of 100 mm

The brass mini phantoms are designed for “in air” measurements for small fields with an axial irradiation.Due to a minimum wall thickness they can be used forfield sizes down to 1.5 cm.

Ordering InformationT31016.1.300 Brass Mini Phantom for PinPoint 3D

chamber

T40064 Brass Mini Phantom for microDiamond,Dosimetry Diodes P, E, SRS and PR


24

Water Phantom 41023for Horizontal Beams

Acrylic and RW3Slab Phantoms

Acrylic and water-equivalent RW3 slabphantoms with chamber adaptationplates for therapy dosimetry

FeaturesMake it possible to perform monitor calibrations anddepth dose measurements in a solid state phantom

Suitable for high energy photon and electron dosimetry

Make it possible to vary the measuring depth up to 30 cm in increments of 1 mm

Made of acrylic material or water-equivalent RW3 material (Goettingen White Water) with thicknesstolerance of ± 0.1 mm

The acrylic slab phantom is designed for the use with pho-ton radiation in the range from 70 kV up to 50 MV andfor electron radiation from 1 MeV up to 50 MeV. The RW3phantom is water-equivalent in the energy ranges from60Co to 25 MV photons and from 4 MeV to 25 MeV elec-trons. The phantoms are used for monitor calibration andquality assurance measurements. Depth dose measure-ments are made by varying the measuring depth. To pro-vide for backscatter, slabs are placed below the radiationdetector. The slab phantoms each consist of 1 plate 1 mmthick, 2 plates each 2 mm thick, 1 plate 5 mm thick and29 plates each 10 mm thick. This combination makes itpossible to vary the measuring depth in increments of 1mm. The size of the complete phantoms is 30 cm x 30 cmx 30 cm. Adapter plates for a number of detector types areavailable for both phantoms. Each plate is preciselymachined for a thickness tolerance of only ± 0.1 mm.

Ordering InformationT2967 Acrylic slab phantomT29672 Water-equivalent RW3 slab phantomT2967/12 Carrying case for slab phantom

OptionDetector plates upon request

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.

Small size water phantom with slidingcaliper for absolute dosimetry withhorizontal beam incidence

FeaturesSuitable for calibration of ionization chambers inhigh-energy photon and electron beams

Suitable for monitor calibration in water

Makes it possible to irradiate up to three chamberssimultaneously

Makes it possible to vary the measuring depth continuously

The water phantom type 41023 is designed for calibrationmeasurements in radiation therapy using a horizontalbeam. Up to three ionization chambers (alternatively TLdetectors and FeSO4 ampoules) can simultaneously beplaced at different water depths with a distance of 50 mmfrom chamber axis to chamber axis by using waterproofacrylic adapters. The measuring depth can be adjustedcontinuously by means of a caliper on the phantom top.Appropriate adapters enable users to position thimblechambers precisely in depths from less than 15 mm up to260 mm and plane-parallel electron chambers as well asthermoluminescent detectors from 6 mm up to 260 mm.The external phantom dimensions are approximately 30 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm. The entrance window in one ofthe walls has the thickness of 3 mm and the size of 170 mm x 170 mm. The phantom has two handles foreasy carrying, three adjustable supports for leveling,etched cross hairs for alignment and a collision protect-ed drain tap for emptying without tilting or changing thephantom’s position.

Ordering InformationT41023 Stationary water phantom

OptionDetector adapters upon request

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.


25


Small size water phantom for absolutedosimetry in photon and electronbeams with vertical beam incidence

FeaturesSuitable for calibration of ionization chambers inhigh-energy photon and electron beams

Suitable for monitor calibration in water

Makes it possible to irradiate a thimble chamber inwater with vertical beam incidence

Makes it possible to vary the measuring depth bywater level adjustment

The water phantom type 41001 is designed for calibra-tion measurements in radiation therapy with verticalbeam incidence directly into the water surface.Measurements are done with a horizontally mountedthimble chamber, put into position through a hole in oneside wall by using an appropriate waterproof acrylicadapter. To seal the hole, the adapter is supplied with anO-ring. By inserting the adapter tip into a cavity on theopposite wall, which serves as support, the adapter isfixed. Adapters are available for a variety of thimblechambers. The measuring position is 150 mm below theupper edge of the tank. The measuring depth can bevaried by height ad justment of the water level by meansof a vertical scale on the phantom wall. The externalphantom dimensions are approximately 30 cm x 30 cm x30 cm. The phantom has two handles for easy carrying,three adjustable supports for leveling, etched cross hairsfor alignment and a collision protected drain tap foremptying without tilting or changing the phantom'sposition.

Ordering InformationT41001 Stationary water phantom

OptionChamber adapters upon request

Ionization Chambers page 15ff.

Water Phantom 41001for Vertical Beams


Notes

26

Radiation Therapy: Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry

Patient andBrachytherapy Dosimetry

27

Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry Equipment

VIVODOS In-Vivo Dosemeter 29

VIVODOS E In-Vivo Dosemeter 29

MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter 30

In-Vivo Probes 30

DIODE MATE Mobile Unit 31

VivoSoft In-Vivo Software 31

Afterloading Probes 32

Afterloading Calibration Phantom 32

SOURCECHECK4π Source Strength Test 33

MultiSoft Afterloading Software 33

Patient andBrachytherapy Dosimetry

Radiation Therapy: Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry

Patient DosimetryTo check the correct performance of patient irradiationsaccording to the treatment plans and to avoid irradiationby mistake, on-line measurements of accumulated dosesduring patient treatments are suggested. Regulationssuch as the European Directive 97/43/EURATOM onhealth protection in medical radiology require to deter-mine, re cord and verify radiation loads on patients.

For patient dosimetry during radiotherapy, multiple semi-conductor probes are fixed to the patient body and con-nected to a multi-channel dosemeter. Compared withionization chambers, semiconductor detectors have theadvantage of small sensitive volumes. Since they do notneed a bias voltage for operation, the existence of highvoltage in the patient environment is avoided.

The PTW product line includes patient dosemeters forthree applications:

Dosimetry in external beamsUp to twelve in-vivo probes with single semiconductordetectors are placed at the patient body and connect-ed to a multi-channel dosemeter to integrate the totaldoses during standard treatment or during total bodyirradiation (TBI) by external beams from a linear accel-erator or a 60Co unit.

Dosimetry on afterloading brachytherapy unitsA single detector probe is placed into the patientbladder and a five-fold probe with five equally spacedsemiconductor detectors is inserted into the rectumfor dose integration during gynecological afterloadingtreatments.

Source strength measurement in brachytherapyRadioactive sources are positioned inside the target volume for direct contact to human tissue in brachy -therapy procedures. These radiotherapy techniques arebecoming more and more important for the treatment ofvarious diseases. Besides the traditional afterloadingtechniques for gynecological radiotherapy, modern techniques for seed implantation and for intravascularbrachytherapy are used now. For correct irradiation according to the treatment plan,the radiation strength of each individual radioactivesource has to be determined before starting brachy -therapy treatment. PTW offers a range of products tomeasure the source strength of different source types forbrachytherapy.

Our patient and brachytherapy products comply withinter national standards:

AAPM TG-56, report #59Code of Practice for Brachytherapy Physics

AAPM TG-60, report #66Intravascular Brachytherapy Physics

ESTRO Booklet #1: Methods for in vivo dosimetry inexternal radiotherapy; Physics for clinical radiotherapy

ESTRO Booklet #5: Practical guidelines for the imple -men tation of in vivo dosimetry with diodes in exter-nal radiotherapy with photon beams (entrance dose);Physics for clinical radiotherapy

28

Radiation Therapy: Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry Equipment

12 channel dosemeter for in-vivodosimetry during external treatmentand during afterloading brachytherapy

FeaturesConnects up to twelve semiconductor detectors

Measures patient entrance and exit doses from exter-nal beams and intracavitary doses from afterloadingsources

The VIVODOS twelve channel dosemeter is designed forpatient dosimetry during radiation therapy treatment. In-vivo dosimetry is generally recommended to record andverify the radiation load to patients and consequently tofulfill radiation protection requirements. VIVODOS con-nects up to twelve semiconductor detectors for in-vivodosimetry of external beams from LINACs including TBI(total body irradiation) via a special connection box. Forin-vivo dosimetry during gynecological afterloadingbrachytherapy, a five-fold and a single intracavitarydetector are connected via a connection box to measurethe doses in the rectum and in the bladder.

VIVODOS features a high measuring accuracy of betterthan ± 0.5 % and a very good long-term stability of lessthan ± 0.5 % per year.

The VIVODOS does not have high voltage supply, which is not needed for semiconductor detector operation. AnRS232 interface is included, as well as the MULTICALsoftware for calibration purposes.

Ordering InformationT10018 VIVODOS Twelve channel dosemeter,

115 V/230 V

VivoSoft Software page 31MultiSoft Software page 33In-Vivo / Afterloading Probes pages 30 and 32DIODE MATE Mobile Unit page 31

4 channel dosemeter for in-vivodosimetry during external treatment

FeaturesConnects up to four semiconductor detectors

Measures patient entrance and exit doses from external beams

The VIVODOS E four channel dosemeter is designed forpatient dosimetry during radiation therapy treatment. In-vivo dosimetry is generally recommended to record andverify the radiation load to patients and consequently tofulfill radiation protection requirements. VIVODOS E con-nects up to four semiconductor detectors for in-vivodosimetry of external beams from LINACs.

The diodes are connected directly to the BNC connectorson the rear panel.

VIVODOS E features a high measuring accuracy of betterthan ± 0.5 % and a very good long-term stability of lessthan ± 0.5 % per year. VIVODOS E does not have high volt-age supply, which is not needed for semiconductor detector operation. An RS232 interface is included, as well as theMULTICAL software for calibration purposes.

Ordering Information T10028 VIVODOS E Four channel dosemeter,

115 V/230 V

VivoSoft Software page 31In-Vivo detectors page 30DIODE MATE Mobile Unit page 31

VIVODOS®

In-Vivo DosemeterVIVODOS® EIn-Vivo Dosemeter

29


Multi channel dosemeter for absolutedosimetry, in-vivo measurements andquality control in radiation therapy

FeaturesDual channel therapy dosemeter according to IEC 60731 (field class); HV +400 V, only M connect-ing system available

Twelve channel in-vivo dosemeter for diodemeasurements (connection box required)

Six channel in-vivo dosemeter for diode measure-ments in rectum and bladder (connection box required)

LINAC constancy check device for homogeneity andsymmetry tests (check probe required)

48 channel electrometer for field analysis (LA48 linear array and extender ME48 required)

Measures dose and dose rate or charge and currentsimultaneously

MULTIDOS can be used with ionization chambers andsemiconductor detectors. It meets or exceeds the stan-dards for field class dosemeters as specified in IEC 60731.The calibration factors are stored in the unit and addition-al correction factors can be entered. Air density correctionsare done by keying in air pressure and temperature. Thelarge LC display shows the measuring results in Gy,Gy/min, R, R/min, C or A. MULTIDOS features a high meas-uring accuracy of better than ± 0.5 % and a very goodlong-term stability of less than ± 0.5 % per year. An RS232interface is included as well as the MultiCal software forcalibration purposes.

Ordering InformationT10004 MULTIDOS Multi channel dosemeter, 115/230 VE41100B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.UniSoft Dosimetry Software page 21In-Vivo Probes pages 30 and 32LA48 Linear Chamber Array page 45Service Contracts page 135

Semiconductor detectors for in-vivodosimetry during external radiationtreatment with linear accelerators

FeaturesMeasure patient dose during external radiotherapy

Suitable for any irradiation technique including TBI

Types for different beam qualities are available

Risk organ diode with homogenous directionalresponse available

The semiconductor probes for in-vivo dosimetry are fixedto the patient's body to measure the patient skin,entrance or exit dose during external radiation treat-ments. Additionally a risk organ diode with increasedsensitivity and homogenous directional response is avail-able. Three different detector types with integratedbuild-up caps for photon energies from 60Co to 25 MVand one type for electron measurements are available.The detectors do not require a bias voltage. They have aconnection cable of 4 m length with BNC connector.

Ordering Information In-vivo semiconductor probes

T60010L-4 In-vivo semiconductor probe, 60Co to 5 MVT60010MP-4 In-vivo semiconductor probe, 5 MV to 13 MVT60010HP-4 In-vivo semiconductor probe, 13 MV to 25 MVT60010EP-4 In-vivo semiconductor probe, electrons

T60010RO-4 In-vivo semiconductor probe for risk organmonitoring

L981539 Diode connection box, 12 x BNC incl. 10 m cable

L981540 Diode connection box with wall mount incl. 10 m cable

MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30VIVODOS / VIVODOS E In-Vivo Dosemeter page 29VivoSoft In-Vivo Software page 31

MULTIDOS® MultiChannel Dosemeter

In-Vivo Probes

30


Mobile support to accommodate in-vivo diode detectors near to thetable-top of treatment units

FeaturesAccommodates up to 12 semiconductor detectors

Provides up to 3.2 m extension length for each detec-tor to be placed at the patient’s skin for in-vivodosimetry

Extension cable can be easily locked at any extractedlength

The DIODE MATE unit is equipped with a mobile framewith 5 rollers and a push handle. It can be moved intoany desired position next to the patient couch or thestoring place. Two rollers are equipped with lockingdevices.

The system is designed for robust daily use and for long-term reliability. It accommodates up to 12 in-vivo probesfor high-energy photon and electron dose measurement.The maximum cable length mounted to the probes is 4 m and the maximum cable extension length is 3.2 m.The desired cable length can be locked individually foreach probe at any length in the extension range.

The DIODE MATE is 1275 mm high, the outer diameteris 550 mm. The weight including 12 probes is approxi-mately 36 kg.

Ordering Information T20010 DIODE MATE mobile unitL981538 DIODE MATE with wall mount

MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30VIVODOS / VIVODOS E In-Vivo Dosemeters page 29In-Vivo Probes page 30

Software for patient dosimetry during ra diation therapy with external beams fromlinear accelerators and telecobalt units

FeaturesControls the multi channel dose integration duringex ter nal beam treatment and records the measuringdata

Operates up to 12 semiconductor probes connectedto a multi channel dosemeter

Determines target doses

Includes patient data base

The Microsoft Windows based VivoSoft software pro-gram enables the user to control the multi channeldosemeters VIVODOS, VIVODOS E and MULTIDOS fordosimetry during external beam treatment and to storepatient data together with associated dose values in adata base. It supports different treatment techniques andmultiple treatment sessions. In addition, it determinesorgan doses according to the ESTRO booklet #1.VivoSoft is prepared to control the measurement with in-vivo probes for dose measurement on the patient’s skin.VivoSoft stores user defined probe sets and the associat-ed calibration factors. The measurement screen showsthe measurement values of up to 12 single detectorprobes together with a graphical dose display for alldetectors.

Administrative data including patient data are alsoshown.

Printouts for each session make it possible to documentthe treatment in accordance with radiation protectionregulations, e.g., the European Council Directive 97/43on health protection in medicine.

Ordering Information S090004 VivoSoft in-vivo software

MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30VIVODOS / VIVODOS E In-Vivo Dosemeters page 29In-Vivo Probes page 30

DIODE MATEMobile Unit

VivoSoftIn-Vivo Software

31

32

AfterloadingCalibration Phantom

Afterloading Probes

Semiconductor detectors for in-vivodosimetry during gynecological after-loading treatment

FeaturesMeasure rectum and bladder dose during intracavitary afterloading brachytherapy

A five-fold rectum probe and a single bladder probehelp to protect patients against radiation overdose

Comply with safety standard IEC 60601-2-9

For intracavitary dosimetry during gynecological afterloadingbrachytherapy, the five-fold semiconductor probe is posi-tioned in the patient's rectum and a single detector probe isplaced in the bladder to monitor the radiation load to themost radiation sensitive organs automatically. The five-foldprobe has five individual detectors spaced 15 mm apart fromeach other to increase the chance to measure the maximumdose. The rectrum probe is inserted using a protective sleeve,while the bladder probe with 3 mm diameter is used in combination with a catheter. All probes are flexible and havea connection cable of 2.5 m length. The probes connect tothe detector connection box, which is linked to a VIVODOSor MULTI DOS multi channel dosemeter, placed in the controlroom.

Ordering Information T9113 Single semiconductor bladder probeT9112 Five-fold semiconductor rectum probeL981541 AL detector connection box incl. 10 m cableT26024-20 Connection cable to the dosemeter, 20 mL981542 AL detector connection box with wall mount

incl. 10 m cable

Protective sleeves for the probes upon request

MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30VIVODOS In-Vivo Dosemeter page 29MultiSoft Software page 33Afterloading Calibration Phantom page 32

Acrylic cylinder phantom for after loa -ding source strength measurement andfor afterloading probe calibration

FeaturesMakes it possible to measure the source strength ofafterloading sources in a phantom

Makes it possible to calibrate afterloading probesagainst a reference chamber

A variety of adapters for different afterloading applicators, dosimetry probes and reference chambers is available

The Afterloading Calibration Phantom is an acrylic cylin-der with a diameter of 20 cm and a height of 12 cm. Itis a practical tool for afterloading source strength meas-urement in a solid state phantom. In addition, it is usedfor calibration of semiconductor probes for afterloadingdosimetry. For both calibration purposes, the radioactiveafterloading source is positioned into the afterloadingapplicator in the center hole of the phantom by remotecontrol after the reference chamber has been placed intoone of the peripheral holes. On a circle with a radius of 8 cm, there are four holes situated 2 cm from the rim ofthe phantom for detector positioning at 0°, 90°, 180°and 270° by using appropriate adapters.

For detector calibration, the afterloading probes and thereference chamber are positioned in the holes on the cir-cle. To equalize the scattered radiation, holes not usedare closed by dummy plugs and the phantom is mount-ed on a tripod by means of the thread at the bottom. Avariety of adapters for applicators, probes and chambersis available. The adapters for probes T9112 and T9113are included.

Ordering Information L981543 Afterloading calibration phantomL651002 Tripod for afterloading calibration phantom

Adapters for afterloading applicators, afterloadingprobes and reference chambers upon request

Afterloading Probes page 32Ionization Chambers page 15f.


33

MultiSoft AfterloadingSoftware

SOURCECHECK 4π

Well-type chamber

Well-type ionization chamber forsource strength measurements inbrachytherapy

FeaturesMeasures low energy seeds and high energy afterloading sources

Measures all sources in a full 4π geometry

Adapters for all commercial afterloading devices and seeds

User friendly accessories for fast and safe handling

Compatible to high class PTW dosemeters

Calibration for Ir-192, Co-60 and for I-125 available

The SOURCECHECK4π well-type ionization chamber issuitable for source strength measurements of all kind ofbrachytherapy sources. International standards requirethe measurement of radioactive brachytherapy sources.For HDR afterloading sources an acceptance test afterthe replacement of the source and additional constancychecks are required. For permanent implanted seeds thetypical quality assurance is measuring a defined amountseeds out of a delivered batch. Various adapters for all kind of afterloading applicatorsand for different seeds and seed strands are available.The radioactive check source T48010 can be used forconstancy checks. The chamber can be calibrated for Ir-192, Co-60 and for I-125.

Ordering Information TN33005 SOURCECHECK4π, connecting system BNTTW33005 SOURCECHECK4π, connecting system TNCTM33005 SOURCECHECK4π, connecting system M

Options T48010 Check device 90-Sr, point source

T33005.1.020 SOURCECHECK radioactive check sourceadapter

E21272 SOURCECHECK calibration Ir-192E21271 SOURCECHECK calibration I-125

Adapters for afterloading applicators, seeds and seedstrands upon request

Software program for patient dosi -metry during radiation therapy withbrachytherapy afterloading sources

FeaturesControls the multi channel dose integration duringafterloading treatment and records the measuringdata

Operates a 5-fold rectum probe and a single bladderprobe connected to a multi channel dosemeter

Includes patient data base

The Microsoft Windows based MultiSoft software pro-gram enables the user to control the multi channeldosemeters VIVODOS and MULTIDOS for afterloadingdosimetry and to store patient data together with asso-ciated dose values in a database. MultiSoft is prepared tocontrol the measurement with intracavitary afterloadingprobes for dose measurement in a patient’s rectum andbladder, the most critical organs in gynecologicalbrachytherapy. MultiSoft stores user defined probe setsand the associated calibration factors. The measurementscreen shows the measurement values of five detectorsof the rectum probe and the detector of the bladderprobe together with a graphical dose display for alldetectors. The detector with the maximum dose ismarked. Adminis trative data including patient data arealso shown.

Printouts for each session make it possible to documentthe treatment in accordance with radiation protectionregulations, e.g., the European Council Directive 97/43on health protection in medicine.

Ordering Information S090002 MultiSoft afterloading software

MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30VIVODOS In-Vivo Dosemeter page 29Afterloading Probes page 32



34

NotesNotes

Radiation Therapy: Therapy Beam Analysis

Therapy BeamAnalysis

35

TBA Therapy Beam Analysis Equipment

BEAMSCAN Water Phantom System 37

MEPHYSTO mc2 Software 38

MP3 Water Phantom System 39

MP3-M Water Phantom System 40

MP3-P, MP3-P45 Phantom Tanks 41

PEAKFINDER Water Column 41

MP3-T Phantom Tank 42

MP3-XS Phantom Tank 42

MP2 Phantom Tank 43

MP1, MP1-M Phantom Tanks 43

TBA Electronics 44

TRUFIX Detector Positioning 44

TBA Detector Holding Devices 44

TBA Scanning Detectors 45

LA48 Linear Chamber Array 45

Film Digitizers for Film Densitometry 46

TBA Trolley 46

Cable Sets for Fixed Cable Installation 47

37

Radiation Therapy: TBA Therapy Beam Analysis Equipment

All-in-one 3D water phantom systemfor automatic dose distribution meas-urement of radiation therapy beams

FeaturesAll built-in design ready for use straight out of the box

Fully automated, wireless setup with BEAMSCANWizard on any smart device

Patented fully automatic virtual tank leveling(TRULEVELTM) and auto field alignment

Wireless operation and data transfer

Fast scanning (up to 20 mm/s) with continuous andstep-by-step scanning mode

Built-in, high-precision electrometer

Easy clip-in detector installation with TRUFIX BS

Optimized workflows from scanning to protocol-based documentation

With all electronics and cables directly built into the system,the all-in-one BEAMSCAN is ready for use straight out ofthe box. No cable runs and there are no external devices toinstall. Move it into the treatment room, align and positionit to the LINAC, plug in the power cable and set the SSD.

BEAMSCAN provides you with a fully automated setup.Its unique, patented virtual auto leveling function ensuresthat your water tank is properly leveled with the touch ofa single button, without physically moving the tank orscanning arm. Simply access the built-in BEAMSCAN webserver via WiFi using a mobile device (iPod touch® includ-ed). There is no need to install or connect data cables touse BEAMSCAN. It can also be connected to a LAN sock-et if desired.

With enhanced mechanics and a new built-in state-of-the-art electrometer, BEAMSCAN lets you scan profileswith a scanning speed of up to 20 mm/s within a scan-ning range of 50 x 50 x 41.5 cm3. The detector mount-ing is easily performed with the patented TRUFIX BS clip-in detector mounting and positioning system, includingthe “click-fix” SSD adjustment tool. The delivery includestwo 0.07 cm3 Semiflex 3D ionization chambers.

BEAMSCAN comes with a powerful, feature-rich soft-ware that makes it easy for you to collect and analyzeyour beam data the way you need it. Select from ready-to-use, TPS-specific task lists and perform multiple meas-urement tasks in one go. Export your data to the option-al Track-it QA database to track machine performance.

Ordering InformationL981475 BEAMSCAN Water Phantom, complete,

BNT connector, incl. BEAMSCAN software

L981476 BEAMSCAN Water Phantom, complete, TNC connector, incl. BEAMSCAN software

L981474 BEAMSCAN Water Phantom, complete; M connector, incl. BEAMSCAN software

S080054.002 Option Absolute Dosimetry


Pending 510(k), not available for sale within the United States


BEAMSCANTM

Water Phantom

38


Software for therapy beam dataacquisition and data analysis in radia-tion therapy

FeaturesMEPHYSTO Navigator for all dosimetry tasks in radiotherapy

Fast beam data acquisition with integrated graphicalTaskList

Fast and accurate commissioning with batch conversion for all established RTPS

Supports online data analysis with linear array

The MEPHYSTO mc2 TBA software with the MEPHYSTONavigator is a comprehensive and self explaining userinterface for TBA control and data evaluation. Solutionsof all important dosimetry tasks in radiotherapy areimplemented in modules with optimized workflows. TheControl Center is customizable and allows the adapta-tion to the available equipment. Additional software ordocuments can be integrated.By means of intuitive graphics with two tabs for acceler-ator and measurement parameters, the user can quicklyand easily start a measurement. Predefined measure-ment programs for PDDs, profiles, matrices for isodoses,and points are available. Axis definition for each definedradiation device with name and direction is possible.Beam data collection for LINAC commissioning and RTPSbeam data collection can be done very fast and struc-tured due to an implemented TaskList with multiple ener-gies, applicators, wedges, blocks, field sizes, SSDs,depths and even multiple queues.An optimized batch conversion module for each estab-lished RTPS is available.All established international protocols including theLINAC vendor specifications are available. User specificprotocols can be generated. Curve comparison with per-centage difference or 1D gamma analysis is possible. Besides many other operations, ion depth curves can beconverted into water absorbed energy dose curvesaccording to all established international protocols.Matrix operations allow adding treatment fields. A tablegenerator for OCR table creation and PDD conversion

into TPR curves is available. Predefined RTPS TaskLists forbeam data collection are available.Data can be imported and exported with copy and pastefunction. Analyzed data can be exported to the QA datamanagement software Track-it. A plot generator allowsscaled and customizable printouts, html print preview isalso available. Data can be stored anywhere in the net-work, with filenames in windows convention. New pro-gramming technique allows drag and drop functionalityand customizable screens and colors.Isodoses and rotational 3D Display in color wash or lines.Dual cross hairs, zoom and various normalization func-tions are available. A deconvolution algorithm allows thecorrection of volume effect of ionization chambers.

Additional functions:

Linear ArrayA module to adjust the beam with online analysis isincluded. Static fields as well as dynamic (IMRT)fields and wedges can be measured and analyzed.

TPRAllows easy and precise TPR measurements with anoptimized module with stepping mode and fast continuous mode.

MLCSoftIncludes MLCSoft software for calibration and QA toverify the radiological MLC positions for 48 leaves inone run.

Absolute DosimetryTanSoft for absolute dose measurement with TANDEM electrometer in accordance with IEC 60731and UniSoft Edition 2000 is included.

Film AnalysisFull functionality of FilmSoft for film dosimetry witha GAFCHROMIC optimization for RGB scanners isincluded.

Planning Module (plamo)Format and transfer RTPS data according to their specification.

Ordering InformationS080045 MEPHYSTO mc2 basic softwareS080045.001 Option LA48S080045.002 Option MLCSoftS080045.003 Option TPRS080045.004 Option Film AnalysisS080045.005 Option Absolute DosimetryS080045.006 Option Planning Module (plamo)

The type of RTPS has to be specified

L981154 TBA hardware and software upgrade,connecting system M

L981155 TBA hardware and software upgrade,connecting system BNT

L981156 TBA hardware and software upgrade,connecting system TNC

MEPHYSTO® mc2 SoftwareTBA Software with MEPHYSTO® Navigator

39


Large size motorized 3D water phantomsystem for dose distribution measure-ment of radiation therapy beams

FeaturesIntegrated solution, perfectly equipped for the mostdemanding relative and absolute dosimetry tasks

Extra large, 3D water tank with scan range of up to 60 cm and reinforced tank walls to prevent deformation or leaking

Calibration-free, high-speed stepper motor drivesoffering superior positioning accuracy (0.1 mm, 50 m/s)

Rotable positioning device for precise horizontal andvertical tank alignment

Quick and easy detector positioning using TRUFIX

Powerful MEPHYSTO mc2 software platform with customizable drag and drop task lists

The MP3 system is based on the MP3 water tank, a large-size, remote-controlled 3D acrylic water tank with 20 mmthick walls and a scanning range of 60 x 50 x 40.8 cm3.It comes with a rotable positioning device and a 3D stain-less steel moving mechanism driven by three calibration-free, high-speed stepper motors.The water tank is controlled by the TBA Control Unit. A removable control pendant with TFT display andmenu-controlled interface allows a manual control of thewater tank moving mechanism. The control pendant canbe connected to the TBA Control Unit or directly to thewater tank.The MP3 Lifting Carriage is a high-precision electro-mechanical lifting carriage to allow for height adjust-ment of the MP3 water tank. A specially designed waterreservoir carriage stores the complete water volume ofan MP3 water tank (up to 220 l) before and after use.The built-in centrifugal pump can be operated automat-ically (via PC) or manually. The carriage includes storagecompartments for dosimetry accessories.

With the unique, patented TRUFIX Detector PositioningSystem PTW ionization chambers and solid state detec-tors can be quickly installed in the water phantom andtheir effective point of measurement quickly positionedto the water surface.The measurements are performed with the TANDEMDual-Channel Electrometer with user-selectable meas-urement times. The TANDEM is designed for fast andprecise beam data acquisition in PTW water phantomsand absolute dose measurements.MEPHYSTO mc2 Software Suite is a modular, workflow-oriented software platform for comprehensive beamdata acquisition and analysis using the PTW water phan-tom system.

Ordering InformationL981160/L981163 MP3 Water Phantom

(230 V/115 V), complete, BNT connector

L981161/L981164 MP3 Water Phantom (230 V/115 V), complete, TNC conntector

L981162/L981165 MP3 Water Phantom (230 V/115 V), complete, M connector

consisting of:- MP3 phantom tank with positioning device

- TBA control unit, TANDEM dosemeter, control pendant

- 2x Semiflex 0.125 cm3 ion chamber, TRUFIX

- MEPHYSTO mc2, software options PLAMO and Absolute Dosimetry

- Lifting carriage, reservoir- Accessories



MP3 Water PhantomSystem


40

Medium size motorized 3D water phantoms for automatic dose distributionmea surement of radiation therapy beams

FeaturesIntegrated system for the most demanding relative and absolute dosimetry tasks in a wide variety ofapplications

Robust, fully automatic 3D water phantom for 50 cm x 50 cm scans, equipped with reinforced tankwalls to prevent deformation or leaking

Calibration-free, high-speed stepper motor drivesoffering superior positioning accuracy (0.1 mm, 50 m/s)

All-in-one solution with easily manoevrable lift tableand built-in water reservoir for convenient and quick setup

Rotable positioning device for precise horizontal andvertical tank alignment

Quick and easy detector positioning using TRUFIX

Powerful MEPHYSTO mc2 software platform with customizable drag and drop task lists

The MP3-M system is based on the MP3-M water tank, a medium-size, remote-controlled 3D acrylic water tankwith 20 mm thick walls and a scanning range of 50 x 50 x 40.8 cm3. It comes with a rotable positioningdevice and a 3D stainless steel moving mechanism driven by three calibration-free, high-speed steppermotors.The water tank is controlled by the TBA Control Unit. A removable control pendant with TFT display andmenu-controlled interface allows a manual control of thewater tank moving mechanism. The control pendant canbe connected to the TBA Control Unit or directly to thewater tank.The SCANLIFT is a specially designed, high-precision elec-tro-mechanical lift table/carriage on wheels, with 500 mm range of movement to allow for height adjust-ment of the MP3-M water tank. It includes a 190 l waterreservoir with PC-controlled pump for TPR measurements.

With the unique, patented TRUFIX Detector PositioningSystem PTW ionization chambers and solid state detec-tors can be quickly installed in the water phantom andtheir effective point of measurement quickly positionedto the water surface.The measurements are performed with the TANDEMDual-Channel Electrometer with user-selectable meas-urement times. The TANDEM is designed for fast andprecise beam data acquisition in PTW water phantomsand absolute dose measurements.MEPHYSTO mc2 Software Suite is a modular, workflow-oriented software platform for comprehensive beamdata acquisition and analysis using the PTW water phan-tom system.

Ordering InformationL981166 MP3-M Water Phantom, complete,

BNT connector

L981167 MP3-M Water Phantom, complete, TNC conntector

L981168 MP3-M Water Phantom, complete, M connector

consisting of:- MP3-M phantom tank with positioning device

- TBA control unit, TANDEM dosemeter, control pendant

- 2x Semiflex 0.125 cm3 ion chamber, TRUFIX

- MEPHYSTO mc2, software options PLAMO andAbsolute Dosimetry

- SCANLIFT- Accessories



MP3-M WaterPhantom System

41


Motorized 3D water phantoms for horizontal radiation therapy beams forprotons and heavy ions

FeaturesHigh precision 3D water tanks for proton and heavyion therapy

Size and moving range optimized for horizontal beam

Thin entry window for highest precision

The MP3-P water tank is a 3D phantom for remote con-trolled scans with 100 µm increments to determine theBragg peak position of proton and heavy ion beams. Thescanning range is 350 mm x 250 mm horizontally and380 mm vertically. A thin exchangeable entrance win-dow of 250 mm x 250 mm x 5 mm PMMA makes thesystem suitable for horizontal beams with highest preci-sion measurements. Dual chamber holders allow the fixation of Bragg peak chambers to the MP3-P/MP3-P45.One chamber is mounted to the en trance window out-side of the water tank, the second chamber is mountedto the moving mechanism for relative dose measure-ments. To operate the tank, MEPHYSTO mc2 softwareand TBA electronics are required. In addition to the func-tionality of the MP3-P the MP3-P45 offers a unique pos-sibility to measure a beam at a 45° incident angle.

Ordering InformationL981185 MP3-P Water phantom, connecting system BNTL981186 MP3-P Water phantom, connecting system TNCL981233 MP3-P Water phantom, connecting system ML981403 MP3-P Water phantom, connecting system M

including SCANLIFT L981404 MP3-P45 Water phantom, connecting system M

including SCANLIFTL981442 Dual chamber holder for fixation of two

Bragg peak chambers 34073 to the tankL981423 Dual chamber holder for fixation of two

Bragg peak chambers to the tank. Chamber type34070 or 34080 as reference and chamber type34070 measures depth dose distributions


MP3-P/MP3-P45 Configured Basic Systems page 141Service Contracts page 135

Water column system for highest precision peak detection in proton and heavy ion therapy

FeaturesMeasures position of Bragg peak within (20 … 350) mmwith a spatial resolution of 10 µm

Built-in monitor and measuring chambers

Gate input for spill-by-spill measurements

The PEAKFINDER water column is especially designed forhighest precision peak detection of proton and heavy ionbeams in particle therapy. It is a closed water column forscans up to 35 cm depth with increments of 10 µm.Because of its sealed construction it can be used in anyspatial orientation. Windows allow a visible inspection ofthe column inside. The signals of the built-in thin win-dow Bragg peak chamber T34080 and the monitorchamber T34082 are read out by the TANDEM XDR elec-trometer. A TCP/IP interface is implemented for softwarecontrol. The included PeakScan software package allows precisemeasurements and a detailed Bragg peak analysis.

Ordering InformationL981257 PEAKFINDER water column, including

electronics, dosemeter, measurement and reference chamber, PeakScan software



MP3-P, MP3-P45Phantom Tanks

PEAKFINDERWater Column


42

3D water phantom for automatic dose distribution measurement atTomoTherapy® treatment units

FeaturesHigh precision 3D water tank

Size, moving range and motor positions optimizedfor TomoTherapy® Hi·Art® Systems

3D stainless steel moving mechanism with highspeed stepper motors

The MP3-T water tank is optimized for the use withTomoTherapy® Hi·Art® treatment units with dynamic arctechniques. Once adjusted to the therapy unit, the watertank has not to be moved to cover all measuring tasks.

The 20 mm thick acrylic walls do not bulge during pro-longed period of use and feature etched lines for precisetank alignment. Precision stepper motors are mountedon a position for the use in the TomoTherapy® Hi·Art®

gantry. They provide for high detector moving speed of50 mm/s and high positioning accuracy of ± 0.1 mm. Incontrast to analog drives, stepper motor drives do notrequire regular recalibrations. To operate the tank, MEPHYSTO mc2 software and TBAelectronics are required.

TomoTherapy and Hi·Art are registred trademarks of TomoTherapyIncorporated

Ordering InformationT41026.1.001 MP3-T Acrylic water tankT41026.1.100 MP3-T Semiflex chamber holding device

MP3-T water phantom sets including dosemeter, chamber, cables and software MEPHYSTO mc2

L981199 MP3-T Water phantom, connecting system BNTL981183 MP3-T Water phantom, connecting system TNCL981182 MP3-T Water phantom, connecting system ME41200B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

MP3-T Configured Basic Systems page 140Service Contracts page 135

Small size motorized 3D water phantomfor automatic dose distribution mea s -urement of radiation therapy beams

FeaturesHigh precision small volume 3D water tank,especially designed for stereotactic or IORT dose distribution measurements

3D stainless steel moving mechanism with highspeed stepper motors

The MP3-XS water tank is a small 3D phantom forremote-controlled dose distribution measurements ofsmall radiation fields as used for example in stereotaxy orintra-operation radiation therapy IORT. The horizontalmoving range is 200 mm x 200 mm and the verticalrange is 300 mm. The phantom has three adjustable sup-ports for leveling, etched crosshairs for alignment and acollision protected drain tap for emptying without tiltingor changing the phantom's position.

The 20 mm thick acrylic walls and bottom do not bulgeduring prolonged period of use. Precision stepper motorsare mounted close above the tank making it possible toadjust distances between the LINAC head and the watersurface as small as 120 mm. They provide for high dete -ctor moving speed of 50 mm/s and high positioningaccuracy of ± 0.1 mm. In contrast to analog drives, step-per motor drives do not require regular recalibrations.Stainless steel drive mechanics are used to minimizewater perturbation and to preserve positioning accuracyduring movement. They do not disturb or affect themeasurement accuracy. The delivery includes a cableconnection box mounted to the tank, a spirit level andan ion chamber-adjusting device. To operate the tank,MEPHYSTO software and TBA electronics are required.

Ordering InformationL981069 MP3-XS Phantom tankE41200B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

MP3-XS Configured Basic Systems page 140Service Contracts page 135

MP3-T Phantom Tank

MP3-XS Phantom Tank

43


MP1, MP1-MPhantom Tanks

MP2Phantom Tank

Remote controlled 2D water phantomfor automatic dose distribution mea s -urement of radiation therapy beams

FeaturesHigh precision 2D water phantom for two-dimensional dose distribution measurements

Includes a sturdy 2D stainless steel moving mecha-nism, manually movable along the third coordinate

Includes two stepper motors for a detector positioning speed of 50 mm/s and a positioningaccuracy of ± 0.1 mm

Acrylic walls and etched lines for precise tank alignment

A rotatable leveling device is available as an option

The MP2 water tank is an economical remote-controlledphantom for two-dimensional dose acquisition. The thirdcoordinate can be varied manually. A scale at the top ofa phantom wall enables the user to precisely position the2D mechanism within a range of 400 mm. Two steppermo tors and a sturdy moving mechanism made of stain-less steel move a radiation detector controlled remotelywithin a horizontal moving range of 500 mm and a ver-tical range of 407.5 mm. The optional rotatable levelingdevice rotates the MP2 tank for measurement of bothprinciple axes and the diagonals. Detector holdingdevices are optionally available. Beam incidences may bevertical or horizontal. The acrylic walls are 10 mm thickand feature etched lines for precise tank alignment.The delivery includes a cable connection box mounted tothe tank, a spirit level and an ion chamber-adjustingdevice. To operate the tank, MEPHYSTO mc2 softwareand TBA electronics are required.

Ordering InformationT41020.1.001 MP2 Phantom tankE41200B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


1D water phantoms for absolutedosimetry and measurement of depthdose curves

FeaturesHigh precision 1D water tanks for absolute dosimetryand depth dose measurement of high energy photonand electron beams

Comply with the dosimetry protocols AAPM TG-51,IAEA TRS-398 and DIN 6800-2

Easy setup with alignment and fill lines andadjustable supports for leveling

The MP1 and MP1-M water tanks are small 1D phantomsfor depth dose measurement to determine beam qualitiesand measure absolute doses according to internationaldosimetry protocols. The tank sizes meet the AAPMTG51, IAEA TRS 398 and DIN 6800-2 requirements forabsorbed dose determinations in reference conditions.The MP1 tank is remote controlled and requires TBA elec-tronics and MEPHYSTO mc2 software for operation. Usingthe MP1-M tank the detector positions are adjusted byhand. It is equipped with a precise moving mechanismand a digital display of the detector position.

The tanks have vertical moving ranges of 254 mm andexternal horizontal phantom dimensions of 320 mm x 370mm (MP1 and MP1-M). Holding devices to mount semiflex,Farmer and electron chambers to the moving mechanismare available. Each phantom has three adjustable supportsfor levelling and a collision-protected drain tap for emptyingwithout tilting or changing the phantom's position.Alignment and fill lines ensure an easy setup.

Ordering InformationT41019 MP1 Phantom tankT41025 MP1-M Manual phantom tankE41200B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Chamber holding devices upon request

UniSoft Edition 2000 page 21MEPHYSTO mc2 Software page 38Service Contracts page 135


44

Electronic devices for detector positio -ning by automatic and manual controlwith TBA therapy beam analyzers

FeaturesControl unit for fast and precise stepper motor control

Control pendant with displays for all three moving axes

The control unit powers up to three stepper motors as usedfor the TBA phantom tanks and other TBA scanningdevices. Positioning commands from a computer are trans-mitted via the RS232 interface. The minimum step size ofthe detector movement is 0.1 mm, and the maximummoving speed is 50 mm/s. Up to five different coordinatesystems can be stored in a non-volatile memory for the 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional phantomtanks as well as for the PLEXITOM device and the SLA48 2Dair scanner.

A removable control pendant may be connected to thecon trol unit or to the phantom tank, enabling the steppermotors of up to three moving axes to be operated man-ually. The pendant features a bright display showing allthree directions with a resolution of 0.1 mm each. Itmakes it possible to set the limits of detector movementand the coordinate origin.

Ordering Information

T41013 TBA Control unit, 115/230 VL981094 TBA Control unit with TANDEM BNT,

115/230 VL981095 TBA Control unit with TANDEM TNC,

115/230 VL981093 TBA Control unit with TANDEM M, 115/230 VT41031 TBA Control pendant

TANDEM Dual Channel Electrometer page 14Phantom Tanks page 39ff.SLA48 Air Scanners page 47

Positions the effective point of measure-ment of different therapy detectors exact -ly to the water surface in TBA systems

FeaturesPositioning of effective points of measurement ofdetectors on the water surface

Interchangeability of various detector types withoutresetting the effective points of measurement

Can also be used for horizontal irradiation

Maintains minimum distance to the metal parts of the moving mechanism

The TRUFIX precision attachment system is used for simple installation of various ionization chambers anddetectors in TBA systems. It serves for fast and precisepositioning of effective points of measurement of variousdetectors on the water surface in water phantoms.

Ordering InformationL981150 TRUFIX Basic equipment

Holders for various detectors upon request

TBA Detector Holding DevicesThere is a variety of holding devices for attaching the ra -py detectors to the mechanism of TBA phantom tanksavailable. Special holders enable the user to fix a cylindric ion chamber, an electron chamber, a diode detector or adiamond detector to the moving mechanism. Otherholders are designed to fix a detector cable plug or a ref-erence chamber to the tank wall.

Ordering InformationDetails of TBA detector holding devices upon request

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.TBA Phantom Tanks page 39ff.

TBA Electronics

TRUFIX®

Detector Positioning

45


Ionization chambers and solid statedetectors for measuring high-energydose distributions and light beams

FeaturesSpecific detectors for all applications are available

Exceed the high requirements of radiotherapydosimetry

Exemplify the historic skills of PTW-Freiburg in developing and manufacturing radiation detectors

The scanning detectors are suitable for use in a waterphantom and provide high performance in radiotherapydose distribution measurements. The semiflex 0.125 cm3

ion chamber is the detector of choice for standarddosimetry. For absolute dosimetry, the waterproof 0.6 cm3 PTW Farmer chamber can be used. The PinPointchambers with their small sensitive volumes of 0.015 cm3 and 0.03 cm3 are applied to the dosimetry of small field sizes, especially in stereotaxy. The small volume solid-state detectors, the microDiamond detectorand the dosimetry diodes are suitable for both stereo-tactic and standard field measurements and provide afavorable signal-to-noise ratio. Dose distribution meas-urements of electron beams are performed by means ofthe small volume Advanced Markus or Markus chamber.High precision abso lute electron dosimetry or percentageelectron depth dose measurements are done with theRoos chamber. The Bragg peak chamber is used for relativ measurements for determination of the depthdose curve of a thin proton beam. All detectors are avail-able with BNT, TNC or PTW-M connector.

Ordering InformationDetails of TBA scanning detectors page 15ff.

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.Detector Extension Cables page 14TBA Detector Holding Devices page 44Service Contracts page 135

Linear Array with 47 ion chambersand MULTIDOS/ME48 dosemeter forfast profile measurements

FeaturesSuitable for IMRT and dynamic field measurements

The latest development in fluid-filled ion chambertechnology

Includes small volume ion chambers with high spatialresolution

Records the data of a complete profile within 1 s

The LA48 linear chamber array is specially designed forfast, accurate and reliable dynamic field dosimetry meas-urements of virtual wedges and multileaf collimators. Itincorporates the latest development in fluid-filled ionchamber technology into an advanced ion chamberarray. The combination of speed, accuracy and spatialresolution down to 1 mm featured by the LA48 is simplynot possible with other systems. The array has a measur-ing length of 37 cm and contains 47 fluid filled 8 mm3

ion chambers, each 4 mm x 4 mm x 0.5 mm, spaced 8 mm on center. The LA48 array is used in conjunctionwith a MULTIDOS multichannel dosemeter and an ME48 extender. The MEPHYSTO mc2 software is requiredfor operation. A software module to control the meas-urement, store the data and evaluate the results isincluded. For measurements in water, the LA48 array ismounted to the moving mechanism of an MP3, MP3-Mor MP2 phantom tank.

Ordering InformationL981099 LA48 Option for MP3/MP3-M including

MULTIDOS dosemeter and ME48 extender

S080045.002 Option MLCSoft for MEPHYSTO mc2

to check leaf positioning


MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30MP3/MP3-M Phantom page 39f.MEPHYSTO mc2 Software page 38Service Contracts page 135

TBAScanning Detectors

LA48Linear Chamber Array

46

TBA TrolleyFilm Digitizers for Film Densitometry

Film Scanners for digitizing radiographicfilms irradiated for film dosimetry inradiotherapy

FeaturesComputer controlled 48 bit (16 bit) scanners to digitize radiographic films

Dynamic measuring ranges of up to 4.0 optical density

Support TWAIN Interface

The VIDAR DosimetryPro Advantage (Red)16 bit HD-CCD scanner, measuring range (0 ... 4.0) OD. For theuse of GAFCHROMIC® EBT and X-ray films (20 ... 35.6) cmwidth, and (20 ... 43.2) cm length, resolution max. 89 µm.Universal power supply (85 ... 264) V, (47 ... 63) Hz.

The EPSON Expression 11000XL ProA3 flatbed color scanner (RGB 48 bit) for the use ofGAFCHROMIC® EBT films. Resolution 2400 dpi, measur-ing range max 3.8 OD, USB 2.0 computer interface,includes transmission light unit and universal power sup-ply (110 … 120) V, (220 … 240) V, (50 … 60) Hz.

All above mentioned types of scanners can be operatedby computer control, using USB interface and TWAINdrivers with the FilmSoft or VeriSoft software packages orthe FilmAnalysis option in MEPHYSTO mc2 for dosimetryevaluation.

Ordering InformationDetailed information on film digitizers upon request

MEPHYSTO mc2 page 38VeriSoft page 55

Trolley with three plane storage spacefor TBA electronics, computer andperipheral devices

FeaturesAccommodates electronic water phantom componentsfor mobile use

Includes three storage planes

Includes a multi-way grounding type mains plug

The TBA trolley has three planes to store the electronicdevices including the computer and peripheral devicessuch as a printer. Four wheels make it possible to movethe electronic components to different control rooms ofra dio therapy treatment units. The electronic componentscan be powered by a switchable multi-way mains plug.

Ordering InformationL656004 Trolley


47

Cable Sets forFixed Cable InstallationInstallation sets for fixed cable installa-tion in treatment and control rooms

FeaturesHelp to protect the sensitive connection cables oftherapy dosimetry equipment against mechanicaldamageLet you avoid handling of long cables during routine workHelp to protect the sensitive connectors of dosimetry cables

The cable installation sets are used for fixed installationof dosimetric connection cables between treatmentrooms and control rooms.

If other dosimetry equipment, like the MULTIDOS has tobe connected, additional cable components are required,depending on the various applications. Please ask for oursuggestions to achieve the optimum solution.

Ordering InformationInstallation sets for control unit set up in control rooms:

L981062 TBA cable installation set including cable for field and reference detector, cable length 20 m

L981063 TBA cable installation set including cable for field detector, cable length 20 m

L981061 Monitor/RS232 cable installation set, cablelenght 20 m


48


NotesNotes

Radiation Therapy: Quality Control

49

Quality Control

Quality Control Equipment

OCTAVIUS 4D 51

OCTAVIUS I, 729 52

OCTAVIUS I, 1500 52

OCTAVIUS I, 1000 SRS 53

OCTAVIUS II 53

OCTAVIUS III 54

OCTAVIUS Accessories 54

DIAMOND MU Calculation 55

VeriSoft Verification Software 55

OCTAVIUS Detector 729 XDR 56

OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 XDR 56

Inhomogeneity Phantom 57

Universal IMRT Verification Phantom 57

STARCHECK Chamber Array 58

STARCHECK maxi Chamber Array 58

BeamAdjust Software 59

MultiCheck LINAC QC Software 59

FIELDCHECK 60

BQ-CHECK Test Object 60

QUICKCHECKwebline Constancy Test Device 61

Track-it Software 62

WEDGECHECK Wedge Angle Test Device 62

IsoCheckepid Software 63

SC Holding Device Universal Gantry Mount 63

EPID QC PHANTOM 64

epidSoft Software 64

ISOCHECK Isocenter Test Device 65

LINACHECK Monitor Test Device 65

IGRT QC Set 66

DICOM RT Studio 66

Radiation Therapy: Quality Control

50

Quality Control

Regular quality control procedures are mandatory to se -cure patient radiation treatment on high quality levels.Since quality checks have to be done quite frequently bythe responsible medical physics staff, the PTW test toolsare designed for time-saving, accurate results with easyhandling and minimum loss of treatment unit operationtime.

The quality test devices enable the responsible medicalphysics experts to comply with international standards.

The following quality control tasks can be fulfilled withthe equipment presented in this chapter:

IMRT verificationOCTAVIUS systemsVeriSoft IMRT dose verification softwareIMRT verification phantoms

MLC testDAVID system

Monitor calibration testLINACHECK monitor test device

Daily LINAC performance testOCTAVIUS DetectorsSTARCHECK 2D Ion chamber arrayQUICKCHECKwebline

BQ-CHECK beam quality test object

Wedge angle testWEDGECHECK wedge angle test device

Geometric beam testFIELDCHECK congruence of light and radiationfield test deviceISOCHECK isocenter test device

Universal holding device for measuring equipmentSC holding device for LINAC gantry mount

EPID quality controlEPID QC phantom

Radiation Therapy: Quality Control Equipment

51

4D Patient Plan Verification

FeaturesTrue independent 4D dose verification

Dose measurements inside the entire phantom volume

Unique rotating phantom offering perfect isotropicmeasurement geometry

Modular phantom with exchangeble tops

Superior ionization chamber technology

Phantom suitable for different detector arrays

Suitable for FFF LINACs

Failed point analysis in patient contours

DVH analysis option

OCTAVIUS 4D is a new 4D dosimetry system designed toverify IMRT treatment plans based on true independentmeasurements. It rotates with the gantry, measuring the dose inside the entire phantom volume, always per pendicular to the incident beam. As a consequence,OCTAVIUS 4D requires no angular corrections or detec-tor calibrations to compensate for the directionalresponse of its detectors which makes it perfectly suitedfor rotational delivery techniques and easy-to-use in clinical routine. The modular phantom can be adaptedfor SRS treatment or LINAC QA.

With its powerful acquisition and 3D dose analysis capa-bilities the software VeriSoft allows to compare the dose in transverse, coronal and sagittal planes and to analyzethe measurement results superimposed on the patient’s CT scan. VeriSoft allows to perform a volume analysiscomparing the measured dose against the calculateddose for the entire phantom volume.

The optional software module DVH 4D calculates dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for each structure in less thana few minutes and compares them with the DVHs calcu-lated by the treatment planning system (TPS). As a trulyindependent plan evaluation tool, DVH 4D requires nodose data from the TPS, but performs its calculationsbased entirely on patient CT data and OCTAVIUS 4Dmeasurements, using a unique algorithm.

Supported PTW Detector Arrays:

OCTAVIUS Detector 729

OCTAVIUS Detector 1000 SRS

OCTAVIUS Detector 1500

2D-ARRAY seven29

Ordering InformationL981398 OCTAVIUS 4D system incl. trolley, 729L981429 OCTAVIUS 4D system incl. trolley, 1000 SRS

L981438 OCTAVIUS 4D system incl. trolley, 1500

Upgrade Packages for use with existing PTW detectorarrays are available

OptionsS070009.001 DVH 4D moduleT40056.1.007 Phantom Insert Plate Semiflex 3D 0.07 cm2

T40056.1.002 Phantom Insert Plate Semiflex 0.125 cm2

T40056.1.003 Phantom Insert Plate FarmerT40056.1.006 Phantom Insert Plate PinPoint 3DT40063.1.004 Standard TopT40063.1.002 SRS TopT40063.1.003 LINAC QA TopS070020 DIAMOND Secondary Check SoftwareL981390 DAVID Dose Delivery QA SystemE41300B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

OCTAVIUS Detector 729 page 52OCTAVIUS Detector 1000 SRS page 53OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 page 52Service Contracts page 135

OCTAVIUS® 4D


52

IMRT patient plan verification andLINAC QA

FeaturesProvides a matrix of 729 detectors resulting in aneffective measuring field of 27 cm x 27 cm

Avoids detector ageing effects by utilizing ion chambers

Gold Standard ionization chamber technology

Absolute dose calibration at 60Co

Complete field coverage with Merge seven29

One detector – multiple applications


The OCTAVIUS Detector 729 is a new concept of an ionchamber matrix in a plane for IMRT verification and quali-ty control in radiation therapy. Utilizing ion chambersavoids radiation defects, the major drawback of solid-statedetectors. The vented plane-parallel ion chambers are 5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm in size, and the center-to-centerspacing is 10 mm. In total there are located 729 chambersin a matrix of 27 x 27, providing a maximum field size of27 cm x 27 cm. The array is only 22 mm flat and 5.4 kglight. Due to the square chamber technology the array canbe moved 5 mm to close the gaps between chambers. Byshifting the array 3 times the whole area is covered. Thenumber of measuring points can be increased to 2916. TheOCTAVIUS Detector 729 can be mounted to the gantryusing the Universal Gantry Mount, used together with theoctogonal OCTAVIUS phantom or with the OCTAVIUSrotation unit for advanced 3D dosimetry.

Ordering InformationL981297 OCTAVIUS I, 729 incl. electronics and VeriSoft

software


OCTAVIUS Accessories page 54Service Contracts page 135

IMRT patient plan verification andLINAC QA

FeaturesProvides a matrix of 1405 detectors resulting in aneffective measuring field of 27 cm x 27 cm

Diagonal detector spacing of 7.1 mm

Best available field coverage of 50 %

Avoids detector ageing effects by utilizing ion chambers





The OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 is a new concept of an ionchamber matrix in a plane for IMRT verification and qual-ity control in radiation therapy. Utilizing ion chambersavoids radiation defects, the major drawback of solidstate detectors. The vented plane-parallel ion chambersare 4.4 mm x 4.4 mm x 3 mm in size, and the center-tocenter spacing is 7.1 mm. In total there are located 1405ion chambers in a chessboard matrix, providing a maxi-mum field size of 27 cm x 27 cm. The square chamberdesign offers unique 50 % field coverage. The OCTAVIUSDetector 1500 can be used for IMRT plan verification,LINAC QC (with optional MultiCheck software) andonline LINAC adjustment (with BeamAdjust software).The OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 can be mounted to thegantry using the Universal Gantry Mount, used togetherwith the octogonal OCTAVIUS phantom or with theOCTAVIUS rotation unit for advanced 3D dosimetry.

Ordering InformationL981449 OCTAVIUS I, 1500 incl. electronics and

VeriSoft software



OCTAVIUS® I, 729 OCTAVIUS® I, 1500


53

IMRT patient plan verification andLINAC QA for small fields

Features977 liquid filled ionisation chambers 1

Detector size 2.3 mm x 2.3 mm x 0.5 mm

Detector spacing 2.5 mm (center area)

Maximum field size 11 cm x 11 cm

Best available field coverage

Suited for very small fields

The OCTAVIUS Detector 1000 SRS is the first liquid-filled2D ionization chamber array. The very small detector sizeof only 2.3 mm x 2.3 mm x 0.5 mm makes this arrayideal suited for dosimetry of small fields.Target application is patient plan verification in stereo-tactic radio surgery and quality assurance of small fields.In the inner area of 5.5 cm x 5.5 cm the detector distance is 2.5 mm center-to-center, in the outer area of 11 cm x 11 cm the detector distance is 5 mm center-to-center. On the main axes the detector distance is 2.5 mm, on the diagonals 3.5 mm.The excellent surface coverage of the liquid-filled ioniza-tion chambers ensures a virtually complete field coveragewhich otherwise can be optained by film only.The OCTAVIUS Detector 1000 SRS can be used in a slabphantom or the OCTAVIUS Rotation Unit. It is compatiblewith the PTW software.1 Due to the specific characteristics of liquid-filled ionization chambers, the val-

ues of up to ten individual detectors outside the inner 5 cm x 5 cm area maybe deactivated during calibration. Their values are determined by interpola-tion of surrounding chambers.

Ordering InformationL981465 OCTAVIUS I, 1000 SRS incl. electronics and

VeriSoft software

OptionsL981324 OCTAVIUS Rotation UnitL981023 SC Gantry Holding DeviceS070009 VeriSoft SoftwareS070011 MultiCheck SoftwareS080032 BeamAdjust SoftwareE41320B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

IMAT Patient Plan Verification andLINAC QA

FeaturesUnique chamber and phantom geometry: Superior directional response at different gantry angleswithout gantry angle corrections

Flexible positioning for measurements in the clinicallyrelevant direction and PTV

Pioneering ionization chamber technology

Ready for measurement (60Co calibrated), no commissioning required

Complete field coverage with VeriSoft Merge

Improved angular response during irradiation at different gantry angles due to built-in semicircular aircavity and advanced cubic detector design

No gantry angle input, angular corrections and cableconnections to LINAC required

Including the complete functionality of the OCTAVIUS I,OCTAVIUS II adds a specially designed phantom alongwith dedicated tools to enable fast and precise verificationof composite IMRT plans or IMAT plans. With an optionalinclinometer the dose can be recorded as a function ofgantry angle or time to verify partial plans.OCTAVIUS II contains the OCTAVIUS Detector 729 orOCTAVIUS Detector 1500, VeriSoft software and a dedi-cated OCTAVIUS phantom.

The OCTAVIUS Phantom was designed by Ann van Esch and Dominique P. Huyskens from 7Sigma, Belgium.

Ordering InformationL981298 OCTAVIUS II, 729L981450 OCTAVIUS II, 1500E41320B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


OCTAVIUS® I, 1000 SRS OCTAVIUS® II, 729OCTAVIUS® II, 1500


54

IMAT patient plan verification and in-vivo dosimetry

FeaturesPatient plan verification and in vivo verification ofdose delivery and MLC accuracy during actualpatient treatment provided in one solution, using anovel, clinically validated QA technique

Customizable, color-coded alarm levels to quicklydetect serious (e.g. lost MLC positions) as well asminor leaf malfunctions and plan deviations duringeach session

Ingeniously simple installation and everyday operation

Available for all standard MLCs

Designed to close the gap in IMRT QA, OCTAVIUS III cleverly combines pre-treatment verification usingOCTAVIUS II with the DAVID Detector, a truly innova-tive real-time in vivo dosimetry system for IMRT. Byintegrating DAVID, OCTAVIUS III gives you a powerful,yet highly practical QA solution at hand to verifywhether the planned dose is actually being deliveredover the entire treatment period. It is the ultimate safe-ty layer for complex IMRT treatments.DAVID features a transparent multiwire ionization chamber(MIC) which is installed below the MLCs. Measurementwires are stretched parallel to the running direction of theMLCs. Each measurement wire monitors the opening of aleaf pair. The evaluation software compares the dose meas-ured during radiotherapy to a reference dose, which wastaken during a reference measurement. DAVID can be usedindependent of the IMRT method (Step and Shoot, SlidingWindow or Dynamic Arc).

The DAVID system was developed in collaboration with PIUS Hospital and CARL VON OSSIETZKY University, Oldenburg as well as Goettingen University, Germany.

Ordering InformationL981229 OCTAVIUS III, 729L981451 OCTAVIUS III, 1500E41320B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Optional accessories for OCTAVIUSsystems (not for OCTAVIUS 4D)

OCTAVIUS mobile QA Trolley (T40053)Robust, functionally designed trolley to convenientlystore and move OCTAVIUS phantom and detector.

Film Measurement (T40054.1.015)Polystyrene holding device for OCTAVIUS octogonalphantom to insert a GafChromic® EBT / EBT 2 film (max.size 20.32 cm x 25.4 cm, 8“ x 10“) for film measure-ments.

Chamber Measurement (T40042.1.010)Insert plates for OCTAVIUS phantom with cavities toallow point measurements with up to nine 0.125 cm3

semiflex ionization chambers. Unneeded cavities can beclosed with blind plugs.

Inhomogeneity Phantom (L981296)Acrylic phantom to test RTPS system with consideration of inhomogeneities

page 57

BQ-CHECK (T42030)Energy verification phantom

page 60

Universal Gantry Mount (L981023)Vendor-specific gantry holding device designed to keepPTW ionization chamber arrays secure at isocenter at anygantry position

page 63

OCTAVIUS® III, 729OCTAVIUS® III, 1500

OCTAVIUS®

Accessories


55

MU calculation software

FeaturesEfficient plan verification without LINACCompares dose at one or multiple measurementpoints (field-by-field, composite) Provides basic and advanced calculation capabilities(e.g. electron and photon, blocks, MLCs, dynamic wedges)Offers enhanced fluence mapping with color washand contour linesSupports multiple treatment techniques (conformal,static and dynamic IMRT, e.g. step and shoot, sliding window, RapidArc®, VMAT)

DIAMOND is a clinically proven1 secondary check softwarethat allows independent point dose or MU verification ofboth conformal and IMRT treatment plans.It computes the dose at one or multiple dose points andcompares the results with calculations by the treatmentplanning system (TPS), making routine IMRT plan verifica-tion much faster and simpler. As an independent verifica-tion tool, it can replace IMRT dose verification measure-ments with PTW OCTAVIUS systems in clinical routinecases. IMRT fluence and dose maps can be calculated andexported to the TPS or VeriSoft IMRT plan verification soft-ware for comparison and detailed analysis.DIAMOND utilizes a modified Clarkson integration andadvanced optimization algorithms to ensure the mostaccurate calculations for dynamic IMRT delivery techniques.

Ordering InformationS070020 DIAMOND softwareS070020.001 Option VMAT & ROIS070020.002 Option M.D. Anderson electron calculationS070020.003 Option BrachyE41350B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

1 Evaluation and Commissioning of K&S Associates Inc. Diamond Monitor UnitCalculation Software; R Kukdchadker et al., The University of Texas MDAnderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, Poster Presentation, AAPMAnnual Meeting 2006

IMRT patient plan verification software

FeaturesDVH analysis in patient anatomy based on measureddata independent from TPS3D volume analysis2D/3D Gamma index analysisProfile and dose distribution overlaysDose-difference distributionsResults summary with “traffic light” indicatorGamma histogramsPatient CT overlay

VeriSoft helps the medical physics expert to verify theIMRT treatment plan by comparing data measured in anIMRT verification phantom with data computed for thesame phantom by a radiotherapy treatment planningsystem. Matrices of measured and calculated points ofan IMRT beam are read and displayed by VeriSoft.Isodoses, profiles and numerical values can be compared.VeriSoft features several display modes.The unique 3D volume analysis compares the dose meas-ured inside the entire phantom volume and automaticallycalculates all slices of the dose volume. Failed points, meas-ured isodoses, contours of the CTV, PTV and organs at riskcan be overlaid onto the patient's CT image to support youin your evaluation of the accuracy of dose delivery.The optional software module DVH 4D calculates dose-volume histograms (DVHs) for each structure in less thana few minutes and compares them with the DVHs calcu-lated by the treatment planning system (TPS). As a trulyindependent plan evaluation tool, DVH 4D requires nodose data from the TPS, but performs its calculationsbased entirely on patient CT data and OCTAVIUS 4Dmeasurements, using a unique algorithm.

Ordering InformationS070009 VeriSoft SoftwareS070009.001 Option DVH 4D for VeriSoftE41340B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

IMRT Verification Phantoms page 57Service Contracts page 135

DIAMOND®

MU CalculationVeriSoft®

Verification Software


56

Patient Plan Verification and QualityAssurance for proton and heavy ionbeams

FeaturesOutstanding detector and matrix design: 729 vented cubic ion chambers, uniformly arrangedon a 27 cm x 27 cm matrix

Pioneering ionization chamber array, flat and light-weight (5.4 kg)




Suitable for proton and heavy ion beams

The OCTAVIUS Detector 729 XDR is a new concept of anion chamber matrix in a plane for patient plan verificationand quality control in radiation therapy. Utilizing ionchambers avoids radiation defects, the major drawbackof solid-state detectors. The vented plane-parallel ionchambers are 5 mm x 5 mm x 3 mm in size, and the center-to-center spacing is 10 mm. In total there arelocated 729 chambers in a matrix of 27 x 27, providing amaximum field size of 27 cm x 27 cm. The array is only22 mm flat and 5.4 kg light. Due to the square chambertechnology the array can be moved 5 mm to close thegaps between chambers. By shifting the array 3 times thewhole area is covered. The number of measuring pointscan be increased to 2916. The OCTAVIUS Detector729 XDR is compatible with the PTW software.

Ordering InformationL981386 OCTAVIUS Detector 729 XDR incl. electronics

and data acquisition software

OptionsS070009 VeriSoft softwareS070011 MultiCheck softwareS080032 BeamAdjust softwareE41330B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Patient Plan Verification and QualityAssurance for proton and heavy ionbeams

FeaturesOutstanding detector and matrix design: 1405 vented cubic ion chambers, uniformly arrangedon a 27 cm x 27 cm matrix

Pioneering ionization chamber array, flat and lightweight (6 kg)




Suitable for proton and heavy ion beams

The OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 XDR is a new concept of anion chamber matrix in a plane for patient plan verifica-tion and quality control in radiation therapy. Utilizing ionchambers avoids radiation defects, the major drawbackof solid-state detectors. The vented plane-parallel ionchambers are 4.4 mm x 4.4 mm x 3 mm in size, and thecenter-to-center spacing is 7.1 mm. In total there arelocated 1405 ion chambers in a chessboard matrix, pro-viding a maximum field size of 27 cm x 27 cm. Thesquare chamber design offers unique 50 % field cover-age. The OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 XDR can be used forthe dose verification of patient plans and for machineQA. The package includes an interface for fast dataacquisition. The display cycle can be set between 100 msand 800 ms.

Ordering InformationL981464 OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 XDR incl. electronics

and data acquisition software

OptionsS070009 VeriSoft softwareS070011 MultiCheck softwareS080032 BeamAdjust softwareE41330B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


OCTAVIUS®

Detector 729 XDROCTAVIUS®

Detector 1500 XDR


57

Inhomogeneity phantom mimickingbody like inhomogeneities for dosemeasurement

FeaturesInserts are mimicking tissue, bone, lung

Dose measurement with ionization chamber, film or OCTAVIUS Detector 729

Inserts fit into a slab phantom

The IMRT Inhomogeneity Phantom is used to verify basicdata of a radiotherapy treatment planning system (RTPS).The corrections of the RTPS for inhomogeneities are verified by the phantom.The IMRT Inhomogeneity Phantom is composed of abase plate and five inserts of four different materials.Three inserts are mimicking inhomogeneities in thehuman body (1 x bone, 1 x tissue, 1 x lung). Two insertsare made of acrylic glass (PMMA).The phantom can be placed on the bottom part of theUniversal IMRT phantom T40020.1.010 for use with filmor ionization chambers or on the OCTAVIUS Detectors729/1500 or it can be placed on a 30 cm x 30 cm slab phantom.The size of the Inhomogeneity Phantom is 30 cm x 30 cmx 2.5 cm. The inserts can be exchanged according to theusers requirements. The IMRT Inhomogeneity Phantom is not a CT test phantom. The Hounsfield units of thephantom must be determined by a CT scan.

Ordering InformationT40037 Inhomogeneity Phantom

IMRT Universal Phantom page 57OCTAVIUS Detectors 729/1500 page 52

Acrylic phantom for IMRT dose veri -fication using radiographic film and0.125 cm3 ionization chambers

FeaturesMakes it possible to verify IMRT dose delivery

Checks either IMRT sub beams or total beams

Accommodates radiographic film and up to five ionization chambers

Marks the film position by perforation

The purpose of IMRT dose verification phantoms is toverify dose distributions and absolute dose values pro-duced by IMRT beams, either sub beams or total beams.The verification is done by irradiating an IMRT verifica-tion phantom and by comparing the measured phantomvalues and the calculated values of the radiotherapytreatment planning system.The Universal IMRT Verification Phantom type T400201

enables the user to check the spatial distribution of IMRTbeams using a radiographic film. Ion chambers connectedto integrating dosemeters measure absolute dose values.The phantom accommodates a film of 25 cm x 30 cm andup to five 0.125 cm3 ion chambers type 31002/31010.The position of the film is marked by needles with respectto the phantom and the chamber orientation. The phan-tom is composed of two 30 cm x 30 cm acrylic blocks, thedepth of the film is 50 mm, and the depth of the ionchambers is 60 mm. The simple shape of the phantommakes it easy to enter its dimensions into the treatmentplanning system.

1 The design of the phantom was suggested by Jörg Bohsung of theUniversity Hospital Charité in Berlin, Germany.

Ordering InformationT40020.1.010 Universal IMRT verification phantom

Semiflex Ionization Chambers page 15

InhomogeneityPhantom

Universal IMRT Verification Phantom


58

Chamber matrix system to measure highresolution star profiles of high-energytherapy beams in real-time

FeaturesMeasures high resolution profiles along the principal axesand along the diagonals with 3 mm spatial resolution

Checks the start-up behaviour

Checks positions of MLC leaves

Checks congruence between light field and radiationfield and beam quality with dedicated phantoms

STARCHECK is a precise and reliable tool for fast measure-ments in radiation therapy beams. Typical applications arequality control and LINAC beam adjustment measurementswith the detector panel embedded in a solid state phan-tom. The ionization chambers feature an excellent relativeresponse stability, avoiding the need of frequent recalibra-tion. A full set of four profiles is measured every 200 ms,making the device useful for real-time measurements. Theexcellent spatial resolution of only 3 mm ensures precisemeasurements even in penumbra regions. The scanninglengths covered by the detectors are 25.2 cm along theprincipal axes and 34.5 cm along the diagonals.The optional FIELDCHECK phantom allows to measurelight field and radiation field. The optional BQ-CHECKphantom is used for contancy check of the beam quali-ty. Both phantoms are supported by the MultiCheck soft-ware. The delivery includes the detector panel, an inter-face box which connects to a PC via RS232 or network,real time analysis software (BeamAdjust), and a qualitycontrol software (MultiCheck).

Ordering InformationL981389 STARCHECK system with 527 ionization

chambers, incl. interface software

OptionL981023 SC Gantry Holding DeviceE41330B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Gantry Mount Holder page 63FIELDCHECK phantom page 60BQ-CHECK Energy test phantom page 60Service Contracts page 135

Chamber matrix system to measurehigh resolution star profiles for fieldsup to 40 cm x 40 cm

FeaturesMeasures fields up to a size of 40 cm x 40 cm

Measures high-resolution (3 mm) profiles along theprincipal axes and along the diagonals

Checks the start-up behaviour

Checks congruence between light field and radiationfield and beam quality with dedicated phantoms

STARCHECK maxi is a precise and reliable tool for fastmeasurements in radiation therapy beams. Typical appli-cations are quality control and LINAC beam adjustmentmeasurements with the detector panel embedded in asolid state phantom. The ionization chambers feature anexcellent relative response stability, avoiding the need offrequent recalibration. A full set of 4 profiles is measuredevery 200 ms (or one profile every 100 ms), making thedevice useful for realtime measurements. The excellent spatial resolution of only 3 mm ensures pre-cise measurements even in penumbra regions. The scan-ning lengths covered by the detectors are 40 cm alongthe principal axes and 56.5 cm along the diagonals. BeamAdjust software displays up to four profiles in realtime.The profiles can be analyzed according to selectabledosimetry protocols and the protocols of the acceleratormanufacturers. The software displays the start-up behav-iour with a time resolution of 100 ms.With an additional accessory plate BQ-CHECK phantom andFIELDCHECK phantom can be used with STARCHECK maxi.The STARCHECK maxi can be manually rotated using theoptional rotation unit.

Ordering InformationL981377 STARCHECK maxi measuring systemT40059 Rotation unit for STARCHECK maxi

T10033.1.050 Build up plates for STARCHECK maxi

T10033.1.550 Carrying case for build up platesT10033.1.150 STARCHECK maxi accessory plate for

BQ-CHECK and FIELDCHECKE41330B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

STARCHECK®

2D Chamber ArraySTARCHECK maxi

Full Size Chamber Array


59

QA software for online display of profilesacquired by different PTW arrays

FeaturesDisplays up to four profiles in real-timeOnline analysis with color coded adjustment parametersDisplays reference curveCreates a comprehensive data analysis according toselectable dosimetry protocols and the protocols ofthe accelerator manufacturersChecks start-up behaviour of the LINAC (with STARCHECK detectors only)

BeamAdjust software makes it possible to display theprofiles along the main axes and diagonals in real-time.Various one- or two-dimensional PTW detector arrayscan be connected.A reference curve can be displayed. The adjustmentparameters are displayed for each curve. They changetheir color from green to red if a parameter is outside thelimits. The limits are adjustable. The curves can be analyzed following different selectabledosimetry protocols and the protocols of the acceleratormanufacturers.Together with STARCHECK the setup of a water phan-tom can sometimes be replaced, e.g. after service orrepair.BeamAdjust is part of STARCHECK and part ofMEPHYSTO mc2. It can be used as a stand alone softwaree.g. with OCTAVIUS Detectors or Linear Array LA48.

Ordering InformationS080032 BeamAdjust software

OCTAVIUS Detectors pages 52ff.STARCHECK page 58LA48 page 45

Software program to check the consis-tent performance of linear acceleratorsby using PTW 2D ion chamber arrays

FeaturesSuitable for fast and easy daily constancy tests of photonand electron beams from LINACs using PTW 2D arraysChecks flatness, symmetry, dose deviation in the centralaxes, wedge angle of dynamic, virtual and fixed wedgesas well as the congruency of light and radiation fieldsChecks beam quality with BQ-CHECK phantomCompares all parameters to a reference data recordand displays deviationsEnables tracking parameters via a statistic functionCreates a comprehensive data analysis according toselectable dosimetry protocols and the protocols ofthe accelerator manufacturers Provides snapshoot mode for fast checking of the beamAnalysis results can be exported to Track-it

MultiCheck is a Windows based software for fast and easy-to-handle routine constancy tests of high-energyphoton and electron beams from linear accelerators.Reference files for different accelerators and differentbeam parameters can be defined. MultiCheck is basedon two-dimensional dose measurements by the 2D ionchamber arrays. By evaluating the dose matrices, the relevant LINAC quality parameters are compared to original reference values, which are stored together withtolerance thresholds. Measuring results, parameter variations and tolerance excesses are presented in eithernumeric or graphic format. The progress of test resultscombined with statistical evaluations is shown. Profilescan be analyzed after different protocols. The software offers air density correction of the ion chamber measuring values. The data can be exported toExcel sheets for further evaluation.

Ordering InformationS070011 MultiCheck software

OCTAVIUS Detectors pages 52ff.STARCHECK page 58BQ-CHECK page 60FIELDCHECK page 60

BeamAdjustSoftware

MultiCheckLINAC QC Software


60

Checks congruence of light field andradiation field of linear accelerators

FeaturesChecks congruence of light field and radiation field incombination with STARCHECK and STARCHECK maxi

2D ionization chamber array

Field size 10 cm x 10 cm and 20 cm x 20 cm

Single shot measurement

Highest precision, no film required

Measurement analysis and documentation byMultiCheck software

Combined with the STARCHECK 2D ionization chamberarray, the FIELDCHECK device is used to check the con-gruence of light field and radiation field. Performanceand analysis of the measurements are done by means ofthe MultiCheck software (version 3.3 or higher).To detect the exact position of the light field, four mov-able sliders are adjusted to the margins of the light field.The sliders move markers on the measuring diagonals ofthe STARCHECK detector. With “beam on” the markers are displayed on the diag-onals while the limits of the field size are measured onthe main axes of the STARCHECK detector.

With an additional accessory plate the FIELDCHECKphantom can be used together with STARCHECK maxi.

The evaluation software MultiCheck shows size andposition of both, light field and radiation field and displays the values and trends. Adjustable limits help tokeep track of all parameters.

Ordering InformationT40052 FIELDCHECK phantom

STARCHECK measuring system page 58STARCHECK maxi measuring system page 58STARCHECK maxi accessory plate page 58MultiCheck page 59

Test object for constancy checks of photon and electron beam qualities usingSTARCHECK or OCTAVIUS Detector 729

FeaturesChecks the beam quality of photon and electron beams in combination with STARCHECK or OCTAVIUS Detector 729

No interference with profiles on the main axes

Comprehensive data analysis by MultiCheck software

BQ-CHECK is a phantom with 300 mm x 300 mm x 47 mmin size. It can be placed on the PTW 2D ion chamber arraysOCTAVIUS Detector 729/1500 and STARCHECK to checkthe constancy of the beam quality of high energy photonand electron beams.Wedges of different materials are placed over the diago-nals of the arrays. The MultiCheck software checks theconstancy of the beam quality and displays a figure foreach beam quality. Limits of acceptance can be adjusted.The beam quality can be tracked with a statistic function. Because the main axes are not affected by the use of BQ-CHECK the beam quality can be checked withoutadditional workload.The beam quality analysis is part of the MultiCheck soft-ware. For the use of BQ-CHECK, MultiCheck software isneeded.

Ordering InformationT42030 BQ-CHECK Test object

OCTAVIUS Detectors 729/1500 page 52STARCHECK page 58STARCHECK maxi measuring system page 58STARCHECK maxi accessory plate page 58MultiCheck page 59

FIELDCHECK BQ-CHECK®

Test Object


61

Compact and easy to use portablecheck device for daily constancy tests

FeaturesSuitable for all LINACs including FFF

Uses sturdy ionization chambers

Connects via USB, RS232 or TCP/IP to a computer ornetwork

Remote device control software

Includes automatic beam quality check

Features cordless operation with rechargeable batteries

Comprehensive software package included

Application HighlightsConstancy check of all essential beam parameters inone go and at any gantry angle

Built-in beam energy check

Field sizes 10 cm x 10 cm and 20 cm x 20 cm

Automatic air density correction

Vendor-specific gantry mounts for rotational testingoptionally available

The QUICKCHECKwebline is a highly reliable and very easyto use QC measurement device especially designed tomake daily routine measurements for LINAC constancytests as convenient as possible. 13 vented ionizationchambers are integrated in a housing that also containsthe complete electronics. Air density corrections of theopen ionization chambers are performed automatically.QUICKCHECKwebline features all the measuring tasks fordaily constancy tests of the relevant LINAC parameters assymmetry, flatness, central beam dose, energy, irradia-tion time or wedge filtering. All these tasks can be per-formed with this single portable wireless device.

For the use with flattening filter free LINACs (FFF) optionalcompensators are available. By using a QUICKCHECK FFFCompensator, all QC measurements can be performed asusual. The compensator can easily be used just by placingit on top of the QUICKCHECKwebline device.

Settings and readings can be done directly at the device.Autostart, autostop, autopower-off and autocalendarfunctions allow hassle-free measurements. A remotedevice control software allows instant result viewing anddevice configuration. While not used for measurements,the device can be stored in an optional docking station.The comprehensive software package enables the userto set up worklists and to read out and analyze measureddata which can be exported to Track-it.

Ordering InformationL981975 QUICKCHECKwebline including software and

power cablesL981976 QUICKCHECKwebline including docking

station, software and power cablesL981024 QUICKCHECK Gantry MountT42031.1.310 QUICKCHECK FFF Compensator X06T42031.1.320 QUICKCHECK FFF Compensator X10S070027 Track-it softwareE41400B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


QUICKCHECKwebline ®

Constancy Test Device


62

Comprehensive software for QA data tracking

FeaturesTrack and manage all of your QA data efficiently on onesingle platform and share it within your organization.

Export analyzed QA data from your PTW QA softwareto Track-it with the click of a single button

Easily access your data from any network device simply by using a standard web browser

Add custom data manually or import external QAdata via open XML interface

Personalize your data view by adding and/or removingparameters or data types to see only the data thatinterests you, conveniently on one screen

Immediately spot deviations of selected data types,e.g., CAX or symmetry

Show trends of selected data types to recognize outliersand deviations from previously defined limits more easily

Track the current status of your QA tasks (completedor open, pass or fail) from anywhere in your network

Use predefined or custom protocol templates, e.g.,for AAPM TG-142 or DIN, to quickly collect the QAdata you need

Document results and print them for sign-off usingcustom reports

Edit and/or create your own protocol templates toperfectly meet your facility’s requirements

Track-it allows managing and following up all kind of QAdata. Measurement data from different devices can be dis-played as a function of time. For maximum flexibility addi-tional numerical data may be entered. Individual limits alloweasy tracking of your QA data. Reports allow to keep trackof all protocol tasks such as all TG-142 tasks.Track-it is network based. Data can be accessed from anycomputer or mobile device inside the network.

Ordering InformationS070027 Track-it softwareE41500B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Acrylic block with gantry holding plateincluding software for LINAC wedgeangle determination

FeaturesMakes it possible to determine wedge angles of dy na -mic (virtual) and mechanical wedges fast and easy

Complies with IEC 60976

Requires only a dual chamber dose measurement

Mounts to the LINAC accessory tray

Includes WedgeAngle software

Since the wedge angle of wedge filters is defined according to IEC 60976 by the 50 % isodose, usually an isodose measurement with an automatic 3D waterphantom is required for wedge angle determination.WEDGECHECK1 only requires the measurement of twooff-axis dose values, either simultaneously or in two runs.0.125 cm3 chambers model 31002/31010 are placedinto holes of a solid acrylic phantom at a measuringdepth of 87 mm. The acrylic block is mounted to anacrylic plate, which fits into the accessory tray of theaccelerator. The type of the accelerator has to be speci-fied to provide for the appropriate adapter plate. Bothchamber connectors can be fixed by a clamp mounted tothe adapter plate.

The WedgeAngle software calculates the wedge anglewith an accuracy of ± 1 % based on the beam qualityand both dose values. The dose values may be keyed in,or they are automatically recorded via the serial interfaceof the dual channel dosemeter MULTIDOS or TANDEM.

1 The procedures and algorithms on which WEDGECHECK is based havebeen developed by Ernst-Ludwig Schmidt and Jürgen Rittler, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Germany.

Ordering InformationT40013 WEDGECHECK Test device and software

Semiflex Ionization Chambers page 15MULTIDOS Multi Channel Dosemeter page 30TANDEM Dual Channel Electrometer page 14

Track-it WEDGECHECK® WedgeAngle Test Device


63

Software for determining the radio-logical rotational isocenters of aLINAC by analysing EPID images

FeaturesDetermines the radiological rotational isocenters of aLINAC by analysing EPID images

Shows several levels of information:

Combined and per image analysis

Trends over time

The software IsoCheck epid helps the medical physicsexpert to ensure the correct positioning of the LINACradiological rotational isocenters. This is done by com-paring the position of a high density ball (ISOBALLT42037) aligned to the treatment room lasers to the center of a radiation field irradiating this ball. The resultscan be displayed visually or numerically. Trends over timecan be displayed in a separate QA statistics tab.

Ordering InformationS070023 IsoCheck epid Software

OptionT42037 ISOBALL isocenter marker

Universal sturdy holding device forgantry mounts of any measuringequipment to different LINAC types

FeaturesMounts to different LINAC types without interferingwith accessory tray guide rails and with electron cones

Accommodates any detector and phantom assemblyfor measurements in the isocenter

Universal tool for any therapy dosimetry task at arbitrary gantry angles

The SC holding device is a very stable mechanism, whichis available for different types of LINAC gantries. It doesnot interfere with the guide rails of the accessory trayand with an attached electron cone. These featuresmake the SC holding device a real universal tool for ther-apy dosimetry using any dosimetry assembly at anygantry angle. A solid mounting frame at the hol d ingdevice makes it possible to position any phantom-detec-tor combination in the isocenter. As an example, singleradiation detectors can be placed in an acrylic or RW3phantom, or a 2D chamber matrix can be attached foron-line measurements in a plane.

Ordering InformationL981023 SC Gantry holding device

Please specify type of linear accelerator!T41021.1.110 Chamber plate holderT41021.1.150 Chamber/cable clamping deviceT41021.1.170 Holder for OCTAVIUS Detectors

and STARCHECKT41021.1.210 Holder for OCTAVIUS Detectors

and STARCHECK incl. 10 cm PMMA build-up

Radiation Detectors page 15ff.Acrylic and RW3 Slab Phantoms page 24

IsoCheckepid

Isocenter QA SoftwareSC Holding DeviceUniversal Gantry Mount


64

Test object for quality control ofElectronic Portal Imaging Devices usedin high-energy photon beams

FeaturesSuitable for conventional EPIDs and flat Panel Imagers

Checks linearity, isotropy, noise, low and high contrastresolution with test elements in focal spot geometry

High contrast resolution in horizontal, vertical anddiagonal direction

Measurement of all parameters with a single beamin one image

Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPID) are used in radi-ation therapy to verify the patient’s position in the radia-tion beam during treatment. EPIDs are intended todetect physiological structures of the patient and to referto them to the photon beam’s coordinate system.Regular quality checks of the EPIDs are therefore crucialto ensure constant image quality and thus a high safetylevel for the patient. The EPID QC PHANTOM1 is easy to use. Baseline imagesand subsequent test images are taken by irradiating thephantom with a suitable dose, depending on the type ofEPID. The phantom includes test elements for all relevantparameters for a complete quality control proceduremeasured in a single beam. It checks linearity, isotropy,noise, low and high contrast resolution in a focal spotgeometry. The phantom includes a wide range of high-contrast test patterns to perform tests even of the mostadvanced EPIDs available. Due to horizontal and vertical resolution in one beam,the focal spot size can be controlled with flat panelimagers. An optimized 'Las Vegas' like phantom isincluded for low contrast analysis which enables servicepersonnel to adjust EPID brightness and contrast usingwell-established procedures.

1 The EPID QC PHANTOM was designed by Schmidt, Decker, Winkes,Rittler, Kretner and Herbig, Westpfalzklinikum Kaiserslautern, Germany

Ordering InformationT42025 EPID QC PHANTOM

QC Software to evaluate EPID imagesacquired by EPID QC PHANTOM

FeaturesAutomatic evaluation of all parameters

A traffic light indicates a fast 'Go'

User defined set of limits for each imager

Statistic functions for all relevant parameters

Supports file formats of all established EPIDs

The epidSoft software package reads images which areacquired by the EPID QC PHANTOM. An automatic posi-tion calibration and evaluation makes it very easy to use.A traffic light indicates the result of the evaluation accord-ing to the limits which can be defined by the user for eachimager separately. All parameters are on a single screenand can be enlarged for detailed analysis. A statistic func-tion allows to follow up the QC history over the wholelifetime of the imager. A long term degradation of theimager can be easily detected.All evaluations will be stored together with the images.Printout of all parameter values and ASCII export functionare available as well as an acceptance test sheet.

Ordering InformationS070010 epidSoft SoftwareE41520B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

EPID QC PHANTOM page 64Service Contracts page 135

EPID QC PHANTOM

epidSoft Software


65

Film phantom for checks of the LINACisocenter geometry

FeaturesChecks the size and position of the isocenter sphere

Checks the conformity of the mechanical and theradiation isocenter

Line marks and crosshairs for LASER adjustment onthe table-top

The ISOCHECK test object consists of two cylindrical POM plates, each of 20 cm in diameter and 5 cm in thick ness with a segment cut away to form a base. Bothplates have circumferential line marks and front sidecrosshairs to perform easy adjustment by means of theLASER beams. The LASERs should be adjusted to themechanical rotation axis of the accelerator gantry. An X-ray film, packed in an opaque envelope, is putbetween the plates and fixed by means of plastic screws.The mechanical isocenter is marked by a needle on thetest film through the hole in the center of the test object.Then the test object and the film are irradiated by pencilbeams under various angles of incidence. The developedfilm shows the pencil beams, indicating the location andsize of the radiation isocenter, as well as the position ofthe mechanical isocenter, identified by the needle mark.The optional IsoCheck software package allows auto-matic starshot analysis. It checks size and position of theisocenter sphere and its distance to the laser cross. Theresult can be exported in an ASCII xml file and printed.IsoCheck software supports direct control of variousscanner types as well as scanners with TWAIN interface.For film irradiation the ISOCHECK isocenter test devicecan be used. All common file formats including DICOMcan be read. IsoCheck software is also a part of theFilmAnalysis option of MEPHYSTO mc².

Ordering InformationT42004 ISOCHECK Test object and needle

OptionS070019 IsoCheck softwareE41520B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Dosimetric test device for automaticconstancy tests of the LINAC dosemonitor calibration

FeaturesChecks the monitor calibration in a simple and reliable manner

Measures dose, dose rate and irradiation time simultaneously

Does not need air density correction due to the built-in sealed ionization chamber

Stores up to 99 measurements

LINACHECK is suitable to verify very quickly and easilythe most important parameter of a linear accelerator, themonitor calibration. For measurements, the lightweightdevice is put on the table-top in a 10 cm x 10 cm field.As the radiation detector is a built-in sealed plane-paral-lel ionization chamber, no air density correction isrequired. The LINACHECK features auto-start, auto-stopand auto-zeroing. The bright and large display serves foreasy reading from a distance. As up to 99 measurements can be stored, all LINACs maybe checked one after the other, using different photonand electron energies. When the measurements are finished, data can be evaluated. The user can recalibratethe chamber.

LINACHECK is operated by rechargeable batteries.

Ordering InformationL981549 LINACHECK Test device incl. power supplyE41400B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


ISOCHECKIsocenter Test Device

LINACHECK®

Monitor Test Device

66


Test objects for image quality controlof MV and kV imagers at IGRTradiation treatment devices

FeaturesOptimized phantoms for MV and kV beam imagers

Measurement of all parameters with a single beamin one image

In Image Guided Radio Therapy (IGRT), most radiationtreatment devices are using a kV beam to detect and cor-rect the patient’s position in the MV beam. For both beamtypes typically a flat panel imager is used for the imageread out. To ensure a high imager quality the IGRT setcontains optimized test phantoms for kV and MV imagersfor consistency checks.The EPID QC PHANTOM checks linearity, isotropy, noise,low and high contrast resolution. All test elements arefocused to 100 cm focus distance, for use in 4-25 MVphoton beams. A dedicated software epidSoft allows anautomatic evaluation of image files acquired with theEPID QC PHANTOM. A statistic function allows followingup the QC history over the whole lifetime of the imager.The NORMI RAD/FLU test object is designed for constan-cy tests of X-ray installations for fluoroscopy in diagnos-tic radiology. The test object includes a structure platewith a copper step wedge for testing the dynamic range,a resolution test pattern, low contrast and detail test ele-ments. The NORMI RAD/FLU structure plate allows tocheck all parameters in one shot. For patient simulation,a 1 mm copper plate and a 30 mm PMMA is included inthe set.

Ordering InformationL981097 IGRT QC setL981425 IGRT QC set with dose measurement

epidSoft page 64EPID QC PHANTOM page 64NORMI RAD/FLU page 91

Software for Independent Access toDICOM and DICOM RT Data

FeaturesEnsures access to DICOM RT data from differentradiotherapy treatment planning systems (TPS) on oneplatform, even after the TPS that has generated thedata is no longer available. This is a legal requirementin many countries

Allows to view patient DICOM imaging data – radio-therapeutic and diagnostic – from different sources,e.g. DRR’s from TPS, CT, MR and PET/CT images

RT Evaluate, a DICOM RT Studio option, offers tools forcontouring, image registration and dose accumulation.

DICOM RT Studio allows a department to operatemultiple workstations with floating licenses for fullaccess to radiotherapy treatment planning informa-tion at significantly lower costs than compared tothe costs for the operation of TPS workstations

DICOM RT Studio is easy and intuitive to learn anduse and thereby helps to save time

DICOM RT Studio is a modular software platformdesigned for universal and independent viewing and eval-uation of radiotherapy treatment information with fullaccess to DICOM and DICOM RT data. In particular, incombination with a PACS system, it provides an idealsolution for hospitals to meet requirements for long termstorage. It can also assist treatment reviews by providingquick access and uniform viewing of imaging and radio-therapy data. You will be able to view plans from virtual-ly any TPS – a very helpful tool if you need to considerprevious treatments or participate in studies with otheroncology centers. DICOM RT Studio comes with floatinglicenses. It brings you freedom and independence in youreveryday work with DICOM and DICOM RT data.

Ordering InformationS070031 DICOM RT Studio softwareS070031.001 DICOM RT Studio software, add. LicencesS070031.010 Option RT EvaluateS070031.011 Option RT Evaluate, add. Licences

IGRT QC Set DICOM RT Studio

Diagnostic Radiology: Products

67

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY

In 1957 Herbert Pychlau hadthe idea of a new diagnosticmeasuring device determiningthe patient load during med-ical X-ray examinations. Thismea su ring device was meantto show young radiologistsworking in a teaching hospi-tals the patient dose conse-quences of radiological proce-dures also con sidering mini-mizing techniques like collimation or filtration adjustment.Herbert Pychlau invented a new measuring quantity based onthe inverse square law, which he named the “Dose AreaProduct (DAP)”. The DAP is the product of the multiplicationof the entrance dose and the area of the irradiated field.Doubling the distance increases the radiation area by factorfour, while the dose decreases simultaneously by factor four.Both effects cancel out each other and therefore the new unit[Rcm2] was ideal for educational measurements as it is inde-pendent of the focus patient distance.

Two years later in 1959PTW-Freiburg released thefirst DAP meter worldwidecalled DIAMENTOR. The mea -s uring principle: An ioniza -tion chamber installed to theX-ray collimator determinesthe patient radiation load

during X-ray examinations while the DIAMENTOR electronicsmeasure and display the DAP value.

The following years Herbert Pychlau and his son Peter struggledwith a host of problems introducing the DIAMENTOR into routine clinical work. Starting with technical issues (non-trans-parency of the first originalchamber) and continuingthrough user handling difficul-ties (chamber maintenanceand problems in understand-ing the meaning of the newmeasuring quantity) up to dif-ficulties with public authorityacceptance.

In 1964 the study “Messung der Patientendosis in der Rönt gen -diagnostik” was published by E. Bunde and Peter Pychlau,showing the correlation between the DAP and the patient load.This work found such a great national and international recog-

nition that a working groupwas founded with the aim todefine a national Germanstandard establishing legalrules how to use DAP metersin X-ray diagnostic depart-ments.

In 1987 the first German “X-Ray Directive” called “Röntgen -verordnung” was published, having the ultimate objective to keep radiation levels in general and especially during high dose and high risk X-ray examinations such as fluo-roscopy as low as possible. This was the breakthrough for the use of the DIAMENTOR.

Diagnostic Radiology: 50 Years DIAMENTOR

50 Years DIAMENTOR®

The Story of the Dose Area Product Meter

In June 1997 the Council of Ministers approved theEuropean Directive 97/43/EURATOM with the aim to opti-mize diagnostic efficiency at the lowest reasonable dose tothe patient. This Medical Exposure Directive (MED) had to beimplemented into national law by all members of theEuropean Union.

Germany accommodated theMED by introducing the secondedit ion of the German“Röntgenverordnung” in 2002.Indication of the patient loadbecame an official legal re -quirement for special diagnosticX-ray examinations. More overreference values for X-ray examinations based on the unitDAP are a standard in X-ray departments since 2003.

Today the DIAMENTOR isgoing stronger than everbefore. It is a must in X-raydiagnostics worldwide, notonly helping to reducepatient exposure, but alsobeing an independent qua -lity control tool, informingthe operator about any deviation of the X-ray unit

constancy. Since five decades the measuring principle is still the same while the PTW DIAMENTOR product portfolioof course changed: PTW-Freiburg provides integrated, built-in, multi channel, wireless and combined dose andDAP DIAMENTOR solutions. Over the years PTW as pioneerof the DAP meter has delivered many thousands of reliableinstruments to satisfied customers worldwide.

DIAMENTOR – The DiamondStandard for DAP meters!

68

Patient Dosimetry Equipment

DIAMENTOR M4 DAP Meter 71

DIAMENTOR M4-KDK DAP/Dose Meter 71

DIAMENTOR C2 DAP Meter 72

DIAMENTOR E2 DAP Meter 72

DIAMENTOR RS DAP System 73

DIAMENTOR C-RS DAP System 73

DIAMENTOR Set CI DAP System 74

DIAMENTOR Set CM DAP System 74

DIAMENTOR CX DAP Meter 75

DIAMENTOR Built-in Solutions 75

DIAMENTOR Accessories 76

69

Patient DosimetryDiagnostic Radiology: Patient Dosimetry

Diagnostic Radiology: Patient Dosimetry

70

Patient Dosimetry

Patient exposure has to be determined, documented andevaluated according to international regulations. The DIAMENTOR patient dosimetry systems are our solutionfor diagnostic radiology to fulfill these requirements. Its major features are:

Measures and protocols the dose area product (DAP)and/or dose during X-ray examinations, especiallyduring high dose and high risk examinations such as:

Angiography, including DSA

Cardiology

Interventional radiology

Pediatrics

Fluoroscopy

Informs the practitioner of the amount of radiation applied to the patient

Mounts firmly to the X-ray unit without disturbingroutine work

Consists basically of a transparent ionization chamber and a display unit

Dose area product (DAP) meters and dose meters, firmlyinstalled to the X-ray unit, make it possible to determinethe radiation loads to which patients are exposed duringX-ray examinations. Patient exposures can differ in hospi-tal routine practices. The exposures can be reduced by ameasuring device informing the practitioner of the totalamount of radiation applied to the patient. Especiallyhigh dose and high-risk X-ray examina tions require sucha device.

Diagnostic Radiology: Patient Dosimetry Equipment

Dual channel dose area product (DAP)meter for patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

FeaturesDual channel device for single plane and bi-plane fluoroscopic and radiographic X-ray units


Displays the selectable DAP units µGym2, cGycm2,Gycm2, Rcm2 and the exposure time

Displays DAP rate during fluoroscopy, switches auto-matically to DAP after the examination

DIAMENTOR M4 is a state-of-the-art dose area productmeter. The dual channel device measures the total diag-nos tic dose area product (DAP) during radiography andfluoroscopy according to international regulations. Itsdigital display shows simultaneously the readings fromboth channels. In addition, exposure time during fluo-roscopy is measured. The RS232 interface enables theuser to transfer data to a RIS.

Ordering InformationT11006 DIAMENTOR M4 display unit, VTV34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamberT11024 DIAMENTOR M4 display unit, ATA34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamber

OptionL991096 Label Printer DP8340E41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

DIAMENTOR Accessories page 76Service Contracts page 135

Device for simultaneous measurementsof DAP and dose in radio graphy andfluoroscopy

Features in addition to the DIAMENTOR M4Displays the dose and the dose rate of the chamberplane besides the dose area product (DAP)

The dual channel DIAMENTOR M4-KDK features the in -no vative “Chamber-in-Chamber” transmission ion cham -ber. Using this design technology, the unit can measuredose, dose rate and dose area product easily and simul-taneously during radiographic and fluoroscopic proce-dures. The KDK chamber, firmly fixed to the collimator byadaptation rails, is transparent for light and X-rays. Thechamber structures are not shown on the X-ray images.

Ordering InformationT11017 DIAMENTOR M4-KDK display unit, VTV34044-1 DIAMENTOR chamber KDKT11025 DIAMENTOR M4-KDK display unit, ATA34044-1 DIAMENTOR chamber KDK

OptionL991096 Label Printer DP8340E41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


DIAMENTOR® M4DAP Meter

DIAMENTOR® M4-KDKDAP & Dose Meter

71

72

DIAMENTOR® E2 DAP Meter

DIAMENTOR® C2DAP Meter

Dual channel dose area product (DAP) meter for patient dosimetry indiagnostic radiology

FeaturesDual channel device connects two ion chambers


With built-in printer

The DIAMENTOR C2 is a measuring system with twoseparate measuring channels, enabling simultaneousmeasurements with two chambers. The system can alsobe used at two separate X-ray rooms, if these are oper-ated from one control desk. Each channel can be resetseparately and the measured values of channel A and Bcan be printed alternatively. The measuring results ofboth channels can be shown simultaneously on the digital display. The RS232 interfaces enable the user totransfer data to a RIS.

Ordering InformationT11038AP DIAMENTOR C2 display unitTA34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamberL502078 Self-adhesive stickersE41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Economy dose area product (DAP)meter for patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

FeaturesSingle channel patient dosemeter


Particularly suitable for retrofitting existing equip-ment and for use with small X-ray equipment

Provides an interface to connect a label printer or foreasy connection to a RIS

DIAMENTOR E2 is an economic and easy-to-handle de -vice for measuring the dose area product (DAP) duringradio graphy and fluoroscopy according to internationalregu lations. The RS232 interface enables the user totransfer data to a RIS.

Ordering InformationL981551 DIAMENTOR E2 display unit with wall mountTA34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamberL981997 Power supply 110 V … 240 VL981249 Power limitation for DIAMENTOR E2

OptionsL381391 Thermal printer CITIZEN CT-S 281E41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold



73

DIAMENTOR® C-RSWireless DAP System

DIAMENTOR® RSWireless DAP System

Wireless dose area product (DAP)meter for patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

FeaturesIntegrated chamber and electronics housing

Available with RS232 or RS485 interface

Optional DIAMENTOR BT interface available for wireless data transfer

The DIAMENTOR RS has the outer dimensions of theDIAMENTOR standard B chamber but combines addi-tionally the measuring electronics. Thus the DIAMENTORRS can be used as a built-in DAP solution for fixationunder the X-ray tube housing or can be mounted viaadaption rails directly to the collimator.

Two DIAMENTOR RS versions with RS485 or RS232 inter-face are available.Combined with the DIAMENTOR BT interface, whichallows the DIAMENTOR C-RS to be accessed via Bluetoothwireless communication between the DIAMENTOR RS ande.g. the control desk is possible.The wireless DIAMENTOR solution enables convenient andfast installation due to the removal of extension cables.

Ordering InformationT11054 DIAMENTOR RS, version RS485T11055 DIAMENTOR RS, version RS232L981528 DIAMENTOR BT InterfaceNetwork cable available in 1, 3, 10 and 25 m lengthE41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Compact wireless dose area product(DAP) meter for patient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

FeaturesHighly integrated electronics

Available with RS232 or RS485 interface

Optional DIAMENTOR BT interface available for wireless data transfer

The DIAMENTOR C-RS is a highly integrated single channel built-in DAP meter. The electronics is available in two versions with RS485 or RS232 interface.Combined with the DIAMENTOR BT interface, whichallows the DIAMENTOR C-RS to be accessed via Bluetooth,wireless communication between the DIAMENTOR C-RSand the control desk is possible.

The miniature DAP meter electronics as well as the DIAMENTOR BT interface can be mounted behind thehousing of the X-ray installation.The wireless DIAMENTOR solution enables convenientand fast installation due to the removal of extensioncables.

Ordering InformationT11059 DIAMENTOR C-RS, version RS485T11058 DIAMENTOR C-RS, version RS232L981528 DIAMENTOR BT InterfaceNetwork cable available in 1, 3, 10 and 25 m lengthE41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold



74

DIAMENTOR® Set CMDAP System

DIAMENTOR® Set CIDAP System

Dose area product measuring systemwith communication between singleCAN components

FeaturesAll-in-one chamber and electronics housing

Flexible display positioning

Easy connection to a RIS via RS232 interface

Internal test function for fast calibration and constancy checks

The well-priced DIAMENTOR Set CI includes a DIAMENTORchamber size B with integrated measuring electronics, apower supply, extension cable and a separate display unit.By integrating the electronic parts in a chamber thewhole device is made suitable for firm mounting on thecollimator of radiographic and fluoroscopy units. For pre-senting the measuring results, a separate small-sized dis-play can be connected and fixed arbitrary e.g. next to thecontrol desk. An easy and uncomplicated RIS connectioncan be realized straightforward via an RS232 interface.Apart from that, fast calibration and constancy checkscan be performed by means of a built-in test function.For mobile X-ray installations a power limitation can beconnected.

Ordering InformationL981196 DIAMENTOR Set CI

OptionsL981250 Power limitation for CAN systemL981379 Printer set for DIAMENTOR CM/CIL981255 CAN-RS232 interface for DIAMENTOR CM/CIS020012 DiaCanSet softwareE41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Compact dose area product systemwith communication between singleCAN components

FeaturesHighly integrated single channel built-in DAP meter

Flexible positioning of the small electronics

Flexible display positioning

Easy connection to a RIS via RS232 interface


The well-priced DIAMENTOR Set CM includes a separateelectronics, a DIAMENTOR chamber size B, a separatedisplay unit as well as a power supply and extensioncable. The miniature DAP meter electronics can bemounted arbitrary e.g. behind the housing of the X-rayinstallation. For presenting the measuring results, theseparate small- sized display can be connected and fixedflexible e.g. next to the control desk. An easy anduncomplicated RIS connection can be realized straight-forward via an RS232 interface. Fast calibration and constancy checks can be realized by means of a built-intest function. For mobile X-ray installations a power limi-tation can be connected.

Ordering InformationL981197 DIAMENTOR Set CM

L981198 DIAMENTOR Set CM mobile with power limitation for mobile X-ray units

OptionsL981379 Printer set for DIAMENTOR CM/CIL981255 CAN-RS232 interface for DIAMENTOR CM/CIS020012 DiaCanSet softwareE41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold



75

DIAMENTOR®

Built-in SolutionsDIAMENTOR® CX DAP Meter

All-in-one dose area product (DAP)meter for patient dosimetry

FeaturesAll-in-one chamber and electronics housing


Mounts directly on the collimator of the X-ray unit

By integrating the electronic parts into the flat size Bchamber, the whole DIAMENTOR CX is made suitable forfirm mounting on the collimator of radiography and fluo-roscopy units using appropriate adaptation rails. Thetransparent chamber neither blocks the light field norinterferes with patient routine work. The DIAMENTOR CXincludes a built-in small size display unit. The internalRS232 interface enables printing or data transfer to a RIS.

Ordering InformationL981961 DIAMENTOR CX DAP meter incl. power supplyL981251 DIAMENTOR CX Set for AMX4+/AMX4L981275 DIAMENTOR CX Set for AMX4+/AMX4E41750B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


Compact dose area product systems forpatient dosimetry in diagnostic radiology

FeaturesDifferent built-in DIAMENTOR systems are available

Multifunctional and dual channel devices for singleplane and biplane X-ray units

Systems with an RS232, RS485 or Bluetooth® inter-face for easy connection


Various built-in DIAMENTOR systems have been devel-oped in cooperation with well known manufacturers of X-ray installations worldwide.Built-in solutions with one or two measuring channels,all-in-one chambers and electronic systems with or with-out an RS232, RS485 or Bluetooth® interface for easyconnection interface are available. For presenting themeasured dose area product or dose results, the displayof the control desk as well as secondary display units canbe used. An easy and uncomplicated RIS connection canbe realized straightforward via the internal interface. The optimally coordinated DIAMENTOR built-in solutionsenable convenient and fast installations and comply fullywith the requirements of IEC 60580.

Ordering InformationBuilt-in DIAMENTOR solutions upon request

DIAMENTOR Accessories page 76



Optional accessories for DIAMENTORsystems

DIAMENTOR chambersThe flat, transparent and rectangular DIAMENTOR chambers size B are suitable for firm mounting onthe collimator of radiography and fluoroscopy unitsusing appropriate adaptation rails.

The chambers have a very low filter absorption andbeam hardening effect.

More chambers and adaptation rails upon request

DIAMENTOR universal mountEasy and flexible adjustment of rail distancesbetween 133 mm and 177 mm are possible

Allows the correct arrangement of any filter and thechamber without influencing the measurement

Optional rails for use of filters or cones are available

DIAMENTOR chamber adaptation railsVarious adaptation rails for different collimators are available

Can be screwed easily to the ionization chamber

Distance adaptation rails enable the use of fade outfilters

DIAMENTOR power limitationIdeal for mobile installations, which fulfill IEC 60601-1

Small and convenient solution for operation with 24 V

For use with a DIAMENTOR CX, CI, CM, E2

DIAMENTOR RS232, extension and adapter cableDifferent lengths are available

DIAMENTOR label printerVarious label printer for patient exposure recording areavailable

Printing is automatically controlled by the dosemeter

Service ContractsService contract Bronze, Silver and Gold available(E41750B/S/G)

Pediatric filtersTransparent filters for reducing the patient entrancedose during pediatric X-ray examinations

Slide into the rails of the collimator or of the universalmount

Two filter types with different beam hardening valuesare available:1.0 mm Al + 0.1 mm Cu (2.4 mm thickness)1.0 mm Al + 0.1 mm Cu (4.3 mm thickness)

Ordering informationDetails upon request


DIAMENTOR®

Accessories

76

Diagnostic Radiology: Absolute Dosimetry

Absolute Dosimetry

77

Absolute Dosimetry Equipment

NOMEX Dosemeter 79

NOMEX Multimeter 79

NOMEX mAs Meter 80

DIADOS Diagnostic Dosemeter 80

DIADOS E Diagnostic Dosemeter 81

CTDI Equipment for CT Dosimetry 81

R/F/D and MAM Detectors 82

SFD Chambers for Diagnostic X-Rays 82

HVL Measuring Stand 83

Al and Cu Filter Sets 83


78

Absolute Dosimetry

The dose output of X-ray tubes is one of the mostimportant parameters for image quality and patientexposure to radiation in diagnostic radiology. The doseoutput has to be checked very carefully during accep-tance tests after installation and regularly during routinequality control. PTW manufactures a variety of high pre-cision dosemeters for this purpose, including theNOMEX system, connecting ionization chambers andthe multipurpose diagnostic dosemeters DIADOS andDIADOS E, connecting semiconductor probes and spe -cial CT chambers. The detectors are calibrated exactlyfor their range of use. Depending on the application,our secondary standard dosimetry laboratories performcalibrations in a wide energy range from low energy X-rays up to 60Co and in a wide dose rate range.Calibration factors are given for measurements in theunfiltered beam or behind an absorber. A variety ofpatient equivalent absorbers for different purposescomplete the range of dosimetry accessories.

The dosimetric test equipment from PTW is widely usedby X-ray technicians working in companies manufactu-ring X-ray equipment and by public agencies monito-ring technical standards, as well as by medical physicistsand technicians in hospitals. The instruments are self-explanatory and consequently easy to use. Many satis-fied customers worldwide could not imagine workingwithout their reliable dosemeters from PTW.

Diagnostic Radiology: Absolute Dosimetry Equipment

NOMEX® DosemeterDosimetry System

NOMEX® MultimeterDosimetry System

79

Dosemeter for absolute dosimetry indiagnostic radiology

FeaturesCE marked class IIb certified; fully compliant with IEC 61674

For QA of R/F/D/-PAN/CT/MAM X-ray units

For connection of the NOMEX Multimeter, a semi-conductor probe or an ion chamber

Logs the dose rate and the kV waveform

Stores the last 100 measurements

Data export to Excel via USB or Bluetooth

The NOMEX Dosemeter can be used for acceptance test-ing, service procedures as well as for routine quality con-trol X-ray measurements. Depending on the detectorconnected, NOMEX can be used for all applications indiagnostic radiology. Semi-conductor detectors, flatshadow-free ion chambers (no interferences with theAEC) as well as CT ion chambers can be connected.Combined with the NOMEX Multimeter all relevantparameters are captured simultaneously in a single exposure. The intuitive NOMEX software together withthe accustomed, worldwide well-known PTW long-termstability and reliability guarantees a first-class dosimetrysolution.

Ordering InformationL981816 NOMEX DosemeterL981532 NOMEX Dosemeter with mAs optionL981814 NOMEX setL981531 NOMEX set with mAs option

OptionsTL60004 R/F/D detectorE21232 DENT detector calibration, 50 – 90 kvTL60005 MAM detectorTL34060 SFD diagnostic chamber, 75 cm³TL34069 SFD MAM chamber, 6 cm³TL30009 CT ion chamber 3.14 cm³, 100 mm longTL30017 CT ion chamber 9.3 cm³, 300 mm longT26076-6 Extension cable 'L6l'E41100B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Multimeter for absolute dosimetry indiagnostic radiology

FeaturesCombined electronics and detector matrix

Connection via USB directly to a PC

Automatic range for dose and kV measurement

Software running in different languages

The NOMEX Multimeter is a miniaturized non-invasivemeasuring system for absolute dosimetry and quality control in X-ray diagnostic radiology. It can be used forradiography, fluoroscopy, dental, CT and mammography(Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, W/Al, W/Rh, W/Ag, Rh/Rh) application.NOMEX measures the dose, dose rate, irradiation time,dose per pulse, pulses, kVp, the total filtration and thehalf value layer (HVL) in one single shot. Additionally, thekV and dose rate waveform is stored.

The smart NOMEX Multimeter can be directly connectedvia USB to a PC running the NOMEX software. No addi-tional accessories like a power supply or display arerequired for putting the NOMEX into operation.Measurements are automatically started upon detectionof radiation. The dose and kV ranges are set fully auto-matically almost in real-time, so that multiple exposures areavoided. The NOMEX software allows most convenientand clear data handling. Statistics functions are provided aswell as data export to Excel or as XML or CSV file.

Ordering InformationL981815 NOMEX MultimeterL981533 NOMEX Multimeter with mAs optionL981814 NOMEX setL981531 NOMEX set with mAs option

OptionsL991422 Mobile PCT20016 NOMEX Multimeter holderT20017 NOMEX cassette adapterL178088 Active USB extension cable, 5 mL522058 NOMEX Multimeter boxL981529 Current clamp for NOMEX mAs meterE41700B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold


80

Invasive mAs meter for measuring thecurrent time product on diagnostic X-ray generators

FeaturesAllows non-invasive measurements by meansof connecting an mAs clamp optionally

Measures current, current time product, mAs perpulse, measuring time, pulses, frequency and current waveform

Provides auto ranging and auto start/stop

For single or simultaneous usage in combinationwith the NOMEX system

The NOMEX mAs is an invasive meter for measuring thecurrent time product (mAs) on diagnostic X-ray genera-tors. For invasive measurements the NOMEX mAs con-nects to the generator of the X-ray unit via bananaplugs. Optionally, non-invasive mA and mAs measure-ments can be performed by means of connecting a cur-rent clamp directly to the NOMEX mAs.

The NOMEX mAs can be used as a stand-alone device orin combination with the NOMEX Dosemeter togetherwith an external dose detector and/or simultaneouslywith the NOMEX Multimeter. In single operation, theNOMEX mAs connects via USB to a PC running theNOMEX Software. The NOMEX mAs sets up fully auto-matically. When being used in combination with theNOMEX Multimeter, mA, mAs and mA waveform will bemeasured at the same time with the dose, dose rate doseper pulse, pulses, frequency, time kVp, HVL, total filtra-tion and the waveforms for both, dose rate and kV. Themeasurements will be stored within the NOMEXSoftware and can be exported for further data analysise.g. to Excel.

Ordering InformationL981530 NOMEX mAsL981529 Current clamp for NOMEX mAs

Diagnostic acceptance test dosemeterfor radiography, fluoroscopy, mammography, dental X-ray and CT

FeaturesFor use in combination with a DIADOS detector or a CT ion chamber

Measures dose, dose rate, dose per pulse, doselength product and irradiation time


DIADOS is an acceptance test device for mea suring dosevalues and exposure time of different X-ray equipmentusing various accessories. The measurements of radi-ographic, fluoroscopic, mammographic and dental X-rayequipment are based on solid state detectors. The CTmeasurement is based on a CT ion chamber connectedto a separate high voltage supply. The calibration factorsof the detectors are selectable for different X-ray filtra-tion. The autostart feature starts as soon as the DIADOSdetects radiation. The measuring ranges in general fea-ture wide dynamics. The DIADOS can be operated bymains power or by rechargeable batteries.

Ordering InformationT11003 DIADOS dosemeter

OptionsT60004 DIADOS diagnostic detectorE21232 DENT detector calibration, 50 – 90 kvT60005 DIADOS MAM detectorTM30009 CT ion chamber 3.14 cm3, 100 mm longTM30017 CT ion chamber 9.3 cm3, 300 mm longT16018 DIADOS CT adapterT26002.1.001-6 Extension cable 'W6w'T11003.1.020 Carrying case

CT Dosimetry page 81

NOMEX® mAsInvasive mAs meter

DIADOS®

Diagnostic Dosemeter


Diagnostic routine dosemeter for QC ofradiographic, fluoroscopic, mammogra -phic, dental and CT X-ray installations

FeaturesFor use in combination with a DIADOS detector or a CT ion chamber

Valuable small size dosemeter for acceptance testsand service of X-ray equipment

Measures dose, dose rate, dose per pulse, pulses,dose length product and irradiation time


The DIADOS E is a small size dosemeter for acceptancetests and routine quality control of any type of diagnosticX-ray installation, which measures dose values and irradi-ation time. It utilizes semiconductor detectors except forCT measurement, which is based on a pencil ion chamberconnected to a separate high voltage supply. The calibra-tion factors of the detectors are selectable for different X-ray filtration. The auto-start feature starts as soon asthe instrument detects radiation. The measuring ranges ingeneral feature wide dynamics. The DIADOS E can beoperated by the mains power supply or by rechargeablebatteries.

Ordering InformationL981239 DIADOS E dosemeter

OptionsT60004 DIADOS diagnostic detectorE21232 DENT detector calibration, 50 – 90 kvT60005 DIADOS MAM detectorTM30009 CT ion chamber 3.14 cm3, 100 mm longTM30017 CT ion chamber 9.3 cm3, 300 mm longT16018 DIADOS CT adapterT26002.1.001-6 Extension cable 'W6w'

CT Dosimetry page 81

Accessories for determination of CTDI in computed tomography

FeaturesFor measurements acc. IEC 61223-3-5

CT ion chamber, sensitive length 10 cm or 30 cm

Body phantom, 32 cm Ø, and head phantom, 16 cm Ø, both acrylic cylinders of 15 cm height

Combined head and body phantom is available

The CT chamber 30009 is inserted for CTDI measurementsinto one of the five holes of the head or body phantom.Holes not used are filled by acrylic dummy plugs. Etchedcrosshairs on the phantoms allow exact alignment.

The CT chamber 30017 is used for dose length product(DLP) measurements free in air.

Ordering InformationCT chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC, M or L:

30009 CT ion chamber 3.14 cm3, 100 mm long30017 CT ion chamber 9.3 cm3, 300 mm long

T40016 CT body phantomT40017 CT head phantomT40027 CT head and body phantom

OptionsT40016.1.010 Carrying case for body phantom

T40017.1.010 Carrying case for head phantom, DIADOS and CT chamber

T40027.1.050 Carrying case for head and body phantom, DIADOS E and CT chamber

T77336/U20 CT chamber positionerL991397 Adapter for CT chamber

NOMEX Dosemeter page 79DIADOS, DIADOS E page 80f.

DIADOS® EDiagnostic Dosemeter

CTDI Equipment forCT Dosimetry

81

82

SFD Chambers forDiagnostic X-Rays

R/F/D and MAM Detectors

Semiconductor detectors for diagnosticX-rays

FeaturesFully comply with IEC 61674

Small size and lightweight precision probes

For acceptance testing, service and QC in X-ray diagnostics

The R/F/D and MAM detectors are sturdy semiconductordetectors designed to withstand tough handling. Airdensity corrections (measurement of air pressure andtemperature) are un necessary. The detectors do not needa high voltage supply. Fully compliant to IEC 61674 theyare suitable for measurements during acceptance tests,service and quality control procedures. Two detector types are available, covering either the radi-ography/fluoroscopy and dental range (40 … 150) kV orthe mammography range (25 … 45) kV.

The following quantities can be measured in conjunctionwith e.g. the NOMEX Dosemeter:

air kerma and dose in the conventional range

air kerma and dose in the dental range

air kerma and dose in mammography

dose per pulse and number of pulses in fluoroscopyand irradiation time

Ordering InformationConnecting system TNC or L:

60004 R/F/D detector60005 MAM detector

OptionsT26077-0,3 Adapter cable 'L0,3w'T26078-0,3 Adapter cable 'L0,3n'T26079-0,3 Adapter cable 'L0,3m'L981816 NOMEX DosemeterT20002 Cassette adapter, (18 x 24) cmE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

NOMEX Dosemeter page 79Service Contracts page 135

Shadow free ionization chambers 6 cm3 and 75 cm3 for absolute dosimetry

FeaturesPlane-parallel chambers for the measurement andmonitoring of radiation output in diagnostic radiology

Shadow free design causes no interference withautomatic exposure control (AEC)

For measurements in front of and behind a phantom

The high precision SFD chamber suitable for mammogra-phy has a sensitive volume of 6 cm3. The energy responsefor mammography radiation qualities (25 … 35) kV is better than ≤ ± 2 %.The high precision SFD chamber for conventional radio -logy has a sensitive volume of 75 cm3. The energyresponse within the conventional range is better than ≤ ± 2 %. Both flat SFD chambers are used for dose anddose rate measurements in front and behind of a patient-equivalent phantom. Because of their shadow free con-struction and low attenuation both chambers give near tono interference with the phototimer, reduce effects withthe AEC and cause almost no influence like shadows onthe image. Furthermore HVL measurements can be performed conveniently using special chamber holders incombination with the HVL measuring stand. Both chambers comply fully with IEC 61674.

Ordering InformationSFD chambers, connecting system BNT, TNC, M or L:

34069 SFD MAM chamber 6 cm3

34060 SFD diagnostic chamber 75 cm3

OptionsT34069.1.050 Chamber holder for 34069T34060.1.050 Chamber holder for 34060E41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

NOMEX Dosemeter page 79Service Contracts page 135


83

Al and Cu Filter SetsHVL MeasuringStand

Measuring stand for an ideal perform-ance of half value layer (HVL) measure-ments

FeaturesAccommodates an Al or a Cu filter

Accommodates a radiation detector

Suitable for HVL measurements at overcouch andundercouch tube installations

Measurements of the half value layer (HVL) are per-formed during acceptance tests to determine the beamquality of X-ray installations in diagnostic radiology aswell as in diagnostic therapy. The HVL measuring standenables the user to position a detector and a HVL filtereasily. Convenient undercouch measurements as well asHVL measurements in computed tomography can becarried out by using the HVL measuring stand with its U-shaped tripod.

The set includes an universal detector holder enablingthe user to fix different detectors to the stand. Anoptional carrying case to accommodate the HVL measur-ing stand and up to 13 HVL filters is available.

Ordering InformationT20008 HVL measuring standT20008.1.020 Carrying case for HVL measuring stand

Al and Cu Filter Sets page 83NOMEX Dosemeter page 79

Al and Cu filters for precise half valuelayer (HVL) measurements

FeaturesInclude high purity Al and Cu material

Comply with IEC 60601-1-3

The extremely high purity of the aluminium and copperfilter material enables high precision measurements ofthe X-ray beam quality in diagnostic radiology and indiagnostic therapy. The useful filter size is (80 x 80) mmand the outer dimensions are (100 x 100) mm.

Ordering InformationL981957 99.99 % Al filter set RAD/FLU

(7 Al-layers; 1 x 0.1 mm; 2 x 0.2 mm; 1 x 0.5 mm; 1 x 1 mm and 2 x 2 mm thickness)

L981956 99.99 % Al filter set MAM(4 Al-layers; 1 x 0.1 mm; 2 x 0.2 mm and 1 x 0.5 mm thickness)

T43026 99.5 % Al filter set RAD/FLU(7 Al-layers; 1 x 0.1 mm; 2 x 0.2 mm; 1 x 0.5 mm; 1 x 1 mm and 2 x 2 mm thickness)

T43009.1.910 99.9 % Cu filter set (13 Cu-layers; 1 x 0.01 mm; 2 x 0.02 mm; 1 x 0.05 mm;1 x 0.1 mm; 2 x 0.2 mm; 1 x 0.5 mm; 1 x 1 mm;2 x 2 mm; 1 x 5 mm; 1 x 10 mm thickness)

Single Al and Cu filters are available

HVL Measuring Stand page 83



Notes

84

Diagnostic Radiology: Quality Control

Quality Control

85


NOMEX Multimeter 87

NOMEX mAs Meter 87

DIAVOLT QC Meters 88

CONNY II Constancy Dosemeter 88

Luminance and Illuminance Meter Set 89

Centric Cross Image Ruler 89

Sensi*C Film Sensitometer 90

Densoquick 2 Film Densitometer 90

NORMI 13 X-Ray Test Object 91

NORMI RAD/FLU X-Ray Test Object 91

X-Check DSA Test Object 92

NORMI 3D DVT Test Object 92

NORMI MAM digital Test Object 93

NORMI MAM analog Test Object 93

Test Patterns X-Ray Image Tests 94

CATPHAN CT Test Objects 94

Quality Control

The quality of X-ray images is influenced by a number ofparameters. To maintain the consistent performance of X-ray installations, quality checks have to be conductedregularly. International regulations demand quality testprocedures for all types of X-ray equipment. Regular quality controls ensure proper functioning of the medicalX-ray devices, reduce patient exposure, avoid unnecessa-ry double exposures and consequently even reduce thecosts of X-ray departments. The various components ofthe imaging chain are ideally tested independently toidentify malfunctions and eliminate those detected easily.

PTW offers a variety of diagnostic test tools for differentX-ray equipment. The PTW product line includes non-invasive multimeters, kV meters and test objects for qua-lity checks of radiographic, fluoros copic, mammographic,dental, DSA and CT installations. The QC sets include thebasic test objects.

Diagnostic Radiology: Quality Control

86

Diagnostic Radiology: Quality Control Equipment

Multimeter for quality control in diagnostic radiology

FeaturesCombined electronics and detector matrix

Connection via USB directly to a PC

Automatic range for dose and kV measurement

Software running in different languages

The NOMEX Multimeter is a miniaturized non-invasivemeasuring system for absolute dosimetry and quality control in X-ray diagnostic radiology. It can be used forradiography, fluoroscopy, dental, CT and mammography(Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh, W/Al, W/Rh, W/Ag, Rh/Rh) application.NOMEX measures the dose, dose rate, irradiation time,dose per pulse, pulses, kVp, the total filtration and thehalf value layer (HVL) in one single shot. Additionally, thekV and dose rate waveform is stored.

The smart NOMEX Multimeter can be directly connectedvia USB to a PC running the NOMEX software. No addi-tional accessories like a power supply or display arerequired for putting the NOMEX into operation.Measurements are automatically started upon detectionof radiation. The dose and kV ranges are set fully auto-matically almost in real-time, so that multiple exposuresare avoided. The NOMEX software allows most conven-ient and clear data handling. Statistics functions are pro-vided as well as data export to Excel or as XML or CSV file.

Ordering InformationL981815 NOMEX MultimeterL981533 NOMEX Multimeter with mAs optionL981814 NOMEX setL981531 NOMEX set with mAs option

OptionsL991422 Mobile PCT20016 NOMEX Multimeter holderT20017 NOMEX cassette adapterL178088 Active USB extension cable, 5 mL522058 NOMEX Multimeter boxL981529 Current clamp for NOMEX mAs meterE41700B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

Invasive mAs meter for measuring thecurrent time product on diagnostic X-ray generators

FeaturesAllows non-invasive measurements by meansof connecting an mAs clamp optionally

Measures current, current time product, mAs perpulse, measuring time, pulses, frequency and current waveform

Provides auto ranging and auto start/stop

For single or simultaneous usage in combinationwith the NOMEX system

The NOMEX mAs is an invasive meter for measuring thecurrent time product (mAs) on diagnostic X-ray genera-tors. For invasive measurements the NOMEX mAs con-nects to the generator of the X-ray unit via bananaplugs. Optionally, non-invasive mA and mAs measure-ments can be performed by means of connecting a cur-rent clamp directly to the NOMEX mAs.

The NOMEX mAs can be used as a stand-alone device orin combination with the NOMEX Dosemeter togetherwith an external dose detector and/or simultaneouslywith the NOMEX Multimeter. In single operation, theNOMEX mAs connects via USB to a PC running theNOMEX Software. The NOMEX mAs sets up fully auto-matically. When being used in combination with theNOMEX Multimeter, mA, mAs and mA waveform will bemeasured at the same time with the dose, dose rate doseper pulse, pulses, frequency, time kVp, HVL, total filtra-tion and the waveforms for both, dose rate and kV. Themeasurements will be stored within the NOMEXSoftware and can be exported for further data analysise.g. to Excel.

Ordering InformationL981530 NOMEX mAsL981529 Current clamp for NOMEX mAs

NOMEX® MultimeterDosimetry System

NOMEX® mAsInvasive mAs meter

87

88

CONNY® II QC Dosemeter

DIAVOLT®

All-in-one QC Meters

Non-invasive X-ray meters for kVp, PPV,dose and exposure time measurements at X-ray installations

FeaturesCompact universal meters according to IEC 61676

Measures kVp, PPV, dose and exposure time in oneshot

Independent of orientation

Very fast sampling frequency

Convenient use for under couch tubes

The DIAVOLT is designed for measurements of kVpmean,kVpmax, PPV, exposure time and dose of X-ray installa-tions for CT, radiography, fluoroscopy, mammographyand for dental applications. The key features of the small and light-weight all-in-onedevice provide easy handling because of automatic func-tions like auto start, auto stop and auto range. The dis-play reading switches automatically when used for meas-urements on under couch tubes. The DIAVOLT has an analogue output which connects to an oscilloscope for displaying the voltage waveform.Furthermore because of the fast sampling frequency, precise measurements can be performed even on verydemanding X-ray units with high substantial ripples. Notest shots for determination of the right detector orien-tation are necessary and no external accessories arerequired for operation.

Ordering InformationL981810 DIAVOLT UNIVERSAL (RAD/FLU, CT, DENT, MAM)L981811 DIAVOLT MULTI (RAD/FLU, CT, DENT)L981812 DIAVOLT RAD/FLUL981813 DIAVOLT MAM

X-ray dosemeter for constancy tests of X-ray installations for radiography,fluoroscopy and mammography

FeaturesSmall size dosemeter for routine QC

Measures the entrance dose and dose rate at 30 kV(MAM) and 70/100 kV (R/F)

Complies with IEC 61674 within the ranges of use

Displays the measuring units Gy, Gy/s and time in s

The dose of X-ray beams is the most important parame-ter to check consistent performance of X-ray equipment.Each constancy test should include a dose measurement.The CONNY II dosemeter is especially designed for thispurpose. It can be used in combination with the phan-toms of our NORMI product line. CONNY II is calibratedin air kerma.

The device features auto-start, auto-reset, auto-shutoffand timer functions. During the measurement the dis-play shows the selected measuring quantity. After themeasurement has been completed, the display can beswitched between dose, mean dose rate and irradiationtime.

Ordering InformationT11007 CONNY II dosemeter

NORMI MAM page 93NORMI 13 page 91NORMI RAD/FLU page 91


89

Centric Cross Image Ruler

Luminance andIlluminance Meter Set

Digital luminance and illuminancemeter for quality control of viewingboxes and image display devices

FeaturesMeasures the luminance of viewing boxes and imagedisplay devices

Usage in combination with a test picture

The quality of film viewing boxes and monitors in X-raydiagnostics has to be monitored regularly. Boxes andimage display devices are tested easily by using the battery operated MAVO-SPOT 2 USB, which measuresthe luminance in cd/m2.

Ordering InformationL981495 Luminance and illuminance meter set incl.

MAVO-SPOT 2 USB and MAVOLUX 5032 C BASE

NORMI 13 page 91NORMI RAD/FLU page 91NORMI MAM page 93

Cross ruler to determine image locations on intensifier screens

FeaturesSmall mechanical test tool to check the correct centering of intensifier screens

Enables easy adjustment at fluoroscopic installations

Presents radiopaque scales on a fluoroscopic monitor

The centric cross is mounted on a base plate of (16 x 16) cm, made of aluminum. Two 20 cm rulers,starting from the center, can be adjusted as a cross andcan be centered easily. The centric cross is fixed by meansof suction cups.

Ordering InformationT43010.1.001 Centric cross


90

Densoquick 2 Film Densitometer

Sensi*C Film Sensitometer

Sensitometer for exposing a 21-step wedge on X-ray films

FeaturesEnables checks of film processing systems independentof X-ray equipment

Enables light exposures of 21-step wedges on blue or green sensitive X-ray films

Includes audible exposure control

Fulfills international regulations

A calibrated version is available

The sensitometer is a single-sided, dual color, light-emitting sensitometer for reproducible exposures of a 21-step wedge on X-ray films. It is used in the dark roomto check the consistent performance of film processingsystems. Light emission can be selected for blue sensitivefilms (spectral maximum 460 nm) and green sensitivefilms (spectral maximum 510 nm). The audible exposurecontrol indicates blue, green or no exposure.

Ordering InformationL981407 Sensi*C sensitometer

Film densitometer for measuring theoptical density of X-ray films

Features Suitable for the evaluation of processed test films from sensitometer or X-ray exposure

Enables manual single point measurement of opticaldensities in the range (0.00 ... 4.5) OD

Enables menu-prompted calibration by the user

The densitometer is a manually operated film densito-meter for measuring the optical density of processed X-ray films, exposed by a sensitometer (light exposure ofa step wedge) or by X-ray equipment (X-ray exposure ofa test object). It is suitable for constancy measurementson radiographic, mammographic and cine films. Thelength of the measuring arm is 20 cm, which makes it possible to measure the optical density even in themiddle of (35 x 43) cm large size films.

Ordering InformationL981408 Densoquick 2 densitometer


91


NORMI® RAD/FLUX-Ray Test Object

NORMI® 13X-Ray Test Object

Test object for quality control of digitalX-ray installations

FeaturesChecks the relevant parameters of digital X-ray equipment (DR and CR systems)

Suitable for constancy tests in digital radiography

For use with an attenuation plate for patient simula-tion and a dosemeter for entrance dose measurement

Complies with DIN 6868-13

The NORMI 13 test object is designed for constancy testsof X-ray equipment with a digital image intensifier orplate. It includes a structure plate with radiological visibleline marks for the light field adjustment and the test ofthe light field/radiation field congruency, a gray scaletest, a low-contrast test, a line group resolution test pat-tern, an area for entrance dose measurement and homo-geneous areas for homogeneity tests and signal normal-ization.

The structure plate is used in combination with a 30 mmthick acrylic attenuation plate or a 25 mm Al plate to simulate patient absorption. The external dimensions ofthe plates are (300 x 300) mm.The entrance dose is measured by the CONNY II or theNOMEX Dosemeter.

Ordering InformationL981246 NORMI 13 Set AlL981247 NORMI 13 Set PMMA

OptionL981473 NORMI holder for bucky wall stand

CONNY II page 88NOMEX Dosemeter page 79

Test object for quality control of analogue and digital fluoroscopic andradio graphic X-ray installations

FeaturesChecks all relevant parameters of analogue and digital fluoroscopic and radiographic X-ray units

Suitable for routine acceptance quality checks onover couch tubes, under couch tubes and C arms

Includes an attenuation plate for patient simulation

Complies with DIN 6868-4 and 6868-150

The NORMI RAD/FLU test object is used for acceptanceand constancy tests of analogue and digital X-ray instal-lations for fluoroscopy. The NORMI RAD/FLU structureplate includes a copper step wedge for testing thedynamic range, a resolution test pattern, low contrastand detail test elements. The structure plate allows tocheck all parameters in one shot.Four different NORMI RAD/FLU packages are available,either with the outer format (200 x 200) mm or (300 x300) mm and either with a 30 mm thick PMMA plate, a1 mm thick copper plate or a 25 mm thick aluminumabsorber which must be used for acceptance tests forpatient simulation. Furthermore, each package in cludesassembling parts which allow a convenient ad just menton over couch tubes, under couch tubes and C arms. Theentrance dose can be measured with a CONNY II orNOMEX Dosemeter.

Ordering InformationL981302 NORMI RAD/FLU Set Al (300 x 300) mmL981309 NORMI RAD/FLU Set Al (200 x 200) mmL981301 NORMI RAD/FLU Set PMMA (300 x 300) mmL981307 NORMI RAD/FLU Set PMMA (200 x 200) mm

OptionL981473 NORMI holder for bucky wall stand


92


NORMI® 3D DVT Test Object

X-Check® DSA Test Object

X-ray test object for quality control of DSA installations

FeaturesSuitable for acceptance and constancy tests of DSA installations

Complies with IEC 61223-3-3, DIN 6868-4 and DIN 6868-150

Simulates the contrast agent within vessels

Includes pneumatic remote control of the movable slider, extension 8 m

X-Check DSA is a test object for quality checks of DigitalSubtraction Angiography equipment (DSA). The size ofthe acrylic phantom is (150 x 150 x 57) mm. X-CheckDSA includes a 6 mm thick acrylic slider with manualremote-control and contains four Al strips for vessel simulation to check the dynamic range and artifacts.Sensitivity checks are conducted by means of a copperstep wedge with 7 steps in 0.2 mm increments. An addi-tional copper step of 1.4 to 0.2 mm makes it possible toevaluate logarithmic errors.

Ordering InformationT42003 X-Check DSA test object

OptionT42003.1.006 X-Check DSA frame

NORMI RAD/FLU page 91

Test object for quality control of digitalvolume tomography (3D) X-ray installations

FeaturesTest object for testing the spatial resolution at DVT systems for ENT and at C arm systems with 3D function

Fully complies with DIN 6868-150

Consists out of a 10 mm thick detail plate embed-ded between two 25 mm thick PMMA absorbers

PMMA detail plate incl. four cylindrical cavities withdifferent diameters 0.5/0.6/0.7/0.8/0.9/1/1.3 mmwhich are arranged parallel to the z-axis

NORMI 3D is a test object for quality control and acceptancetests of digital volume tomography (DVT) X-ray installationsas well as for DVT installations with integrated imagingfunction according to DIN 6868 part 150. The NORMI 3Dconsists out of three PMMA plates, while the detailobjects, bore holes with seven different diameters areembedded in the middle plate. The bore holes are withina 30 mm radius in parallel with the Z-axis. Furthermore,the whole test object has a continuous bore hole with adiameter of 2.5 mm.

Ordering InformationT42038 NORMI 3D

OptionsL981302 NORMI RAD/FLU Set Al (300 x 300) mmL981309 NORMI RAD/FLU Set Al (200 x 200) mmL981301 NORMI RAD/FLU Set PMMA (300 x 300) mmL981307 NORMI RAD/FLU Set PMMA (200 x 200) mm

NOMEX Dosemeter page 79NORMI RAD/FLU page 91

93


NORMI® MAM analogMammo Test Object

NORMI® MAM digitalX-Ray Test Object

Test object for acceptance and constancy tests of X-ray installationsfor digital mammography

FeaturesChecks all relevant parameters of digital mammographic X-ray installations

Fully complies with DIN 6868-162 and DIN 6868-14

Modularly composed CE marked class I certified testobject incl. different absorbers and test elements

Retrofit sets for PTW NORMI PAS test objects available

NORMI MAM digital is used for acceptance and con-stancy tests of digital mammographic X-ray units. Themodularly composed test object includes a basic phan-tom, a structure plate, PMMA absorbers and differenttest elements for insertion into the structure plate.The basic plate has an inclined aluminum step wedgewith 14 ranges for testing the dynamic range. Two linesof five steel balls each symmetrically placed in the struc-ture plate and in the basic attenuation phantom showthe limitations on the thoracic wall side.The PMMA absorbers can be used for tests of the auto-matic exposure control (AEC). Furthermore, different testelements can be placed into the cut-out provided in thestructure plate. The test element SDNR is used to deter-mine the average pixel values for the determination ofthe signal-difference-to-noise ratio. The high contrastcan be tested with the test element HK, while the PMMAtest element is used for checking the average grey value.Different sets, as well as retrofit sets for the NORMI PASare available.

Ordering InformationL981426 NORMI MAM digital set 162L981427 Part 162 retrofit setL981492 NORMI MAM digital set 14L981494 Part 14 retrofit setT40046 PMMA absorber (300 x 300 x 40) mm

Test phantom for quality control ofanalog mammographic X-ray installations

Features Suitable for acceptance and constancy tests of analog mammographic X-ray units

Complies with DIN 6868-7 and -152

High-contrast test, low-contrast test and steel balls at thorax side

NORMI MAM analog is an easy-to-use test phantom, whichmakes it possible to test specific values of mammographicX-ray systems. The values tested are the optical density oftest films, the position and size of the useful radiation field,the contrast resolution, the presence of impurity spots. Twolines of five steel balls each are symmetrically placed in thestructure plate and in the attenuation phantom to show theimage limitations at the thorax side on the radiograph. Theacrylic plate of 20 mm thickness in combination with thestandard 40 mm attenuation phantom can be used for testsof the automatic exposure control (AEC). Moreover a reso-lution test pattern (8, 10, 13, 16 lp/mm) is included inthe structure plate. An optional second 20 mm plate isused for bigger cassette formats such as (24 x 30) cm.

Ordering InformationT42024 NORMI MAM analog test object



94

Test Patterns forX-Ray Image Tests

CATPHAN®

CT Test Objects

Test Objects for quality control ofcomputer tomography installations

FeaturesSuitable for all kinds of axial, spiral, multislice,conebeam and volume CT scanners

Modular design allows test modules to be interchanged

Made from solid-cast materials

The CATPHAN test object’s design includes many exclusivefeatures that make it easy to achieve perpendicular align-ment. As all of the test sections are arranged at prescribedintervals from the first module, operators can quickly scanall test sections in a single sequence, eliminating the needto reposition the phantom for each section.The modular design allows test modules to be inter-changed. A wide range of modules for different tasks andinstallations are available. CATPHAN test objects are of USAmerican origin.

Selection of test objects:CATPHAN 500 incl. modules 401, 486, 515 and 528

CATPHAN 600 incl. modules 404, 486, 515, 528 and 591

CATPHAN 700 incl. modules 515, 682, 712, 714,721 and 723

Selection of modules:Module 401 - Slice geometry and sensitometry moduleModule 404 - Slice geometry and sensitometry moduleModule 486 - Uniformity moduleModule 515 - Low contrast moduleModule 528 - High resolution moduleModule 591 - Bead geometry moduleModule 682 - Geometry sensitometry moduleModule 721 - Wave InsertModule 714 - High resolution moduleModule 712 - Uniformity SectionModule 723 - Bead Blocks

Ordering InformationMore models and modules are available. Detailed

information upon request.

Lead foil test patterns for X-ray resolu-tion, focal spot size and MTF tests

FeaturesEnable easy quality checks of X-ray imaging chains

Spatial frequencies are given in line pairs per mm(lp/mm)

Ordering InformationL659005 X-ray group test patternL659066 X-ray group test pattern, (0.6 – 5.0) lp/mmL659150 X-ray group test pattern, mammography, tinL659093 X-ray test pattern, digital mammoL659035 Single sector test pattern, 0.4°, 20 lp/mm

Detailed information upon request.

Nuclear Medicine: Products

95

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

Since the discovery of X-rays in 1895 by Röntgen anduranium radioactivity in 1896 by Becquerel, the use ofioni zing radiation in medicine has undergone fascinatingdevelopment. Nuclear medicine started in 1937 with thefirst clinical use of “artificial radioactivity” for treating apatient with leukemia. Today there are nearly one hun-dred different nuclear medicine procedures that provideinformation about virtually every major organ systemwithin the body. Modern computer based techniquessuch as PET (Positron Emission Tomography) and SPECT(Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) offermethods for diagnostic imaging that are unique by doc-umenting dynamic organ function and structure.

PET images demonstrate the chemistry of organs andother tissues such as tumors. A radiopharmaceutical,especially FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose), marked with thepositron emitting isotope 18F, is injected into the patient’sbody and its emissions are measured by a PET scanner.

SPECT, like PET, acquires information on the concentra-tion of radionuclides introduced to patient’s body byrotating a photon detector array around the body. SPECTscanners offer less imaging resolution compared to PET,but the availability of radiopharmaceuticals, particularlyfor the brain and head and the practical and economicaspects make this mode of emission tomography attrac-tive for clinical studies of the brain.

Scintigraphy with planar gamma cameras and with thy-roid uptake measuring equipment are further helpfulmethods in nuclear medicine.

Nuclear medicine uses very small amounts of radioactivematerials or radiopharmaceuticals to diagnose and treatdiseases. Nevertheless the radiopharmaceuticals emitioni zing radiation to which patients and operating staffcan be exposed unintentionally. To avoid unnecessaryirradiation and to fulfill international regulations, radia-tion measurement and quality control procedures fordetermination, recording and evaluation are mandatoryin nuclear medicine.

Radiation Measure mentand Quality Control inNuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine: Introduction

96

Nuclear Medicine: Isotope Calibrators

97

Isotope Calibrators

Isotope Calibrators

CURIEMENTOR 3 Isotope Calibrator 99

CURIEMENTOR 4 Isotope Calibrator 99

PET CURIEMENTOR 4 100

Radioactive Check Device 100

Ionization Chamber Lead Shielding 101

CURIEMENTOR Accessories 101

CURIEMENTOR Label Printer 102

Nuclear medicine procedures use many different radioac-tive isotopes for radiation diagnostics and for therapy.The amount of radioactivity has to be determined exact-ly before it is applied to a patient. The isotope calibratorshave to measure the radioactivity of gamma and betaemitting isotopes with different energies precisely forhigh quality imaging and for applying the right amountof radiation to treat disease. They must be able to meas-ure low isotope activities for patient application and highactivities during isotope production. The isotope calibra-tors should allow easy and fast operation in routine workas well as quick and effective cleaning in case of con-tamination. Continuous quality control of isotope cali-brators is mandatory according to international stan-dards and guidelines such as IEC 61303 “Medical elec-trical equipment – Radionuclide calibrators – Particularmethods for describing performance”. Those methodsinclude background measurement, accuracy, repro-ducibility and linearity checks as well as contaminationtests. All these parameters influence the quality of activ-ity measurements and consequently the radiation loadfor the patients. The high quality PTW isotope calibratorsassist responsible staffs in nuclear medicine laboratoriesto perform precise activity measurements and to fulfillthe IRCP 60 requirement to keep the radiation load aslow as achievable for patients.

Isotope CalibratorsNuclear Medicine: Isotope Calibrators

98


Standard isotope calibrator for radio-nuc lide activity measurement in nuclearmedicine and intravascular brachytherapy

FeaturesCombines modern technology with user friendly,straight-forward operation

Stores calibration factors for all isotopes used innuclear medicine with direct access to five of them

Features auto-start, auto-print and auto-reset func-tions


The CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator enables users tomeasure activity of radioactive isotopes as used for allmedical applications in diagnostic and therapeuticnuclear medicine and in intravascular brachytherapy.Great importance has been attached to the design of theinstrument to focus on the needs of operators. The dis-play and keyboard panel with its flat keys are speciallydesigned for intuitive handling and easy cleaning in caseof contamination. The measuring results can either bedisplayed in Bq, Ci or in A. The pressurized well-type ion-ization chamber has nearly 4π measuring geometry andconnects to the display unit by a 1.8 m connection cable,which makes it possible to shield the chamber separately.A radioactive check de vice is available to check theproper performance of the device regularly. The displayunit is supplied with an RS232 interface. A printer canbe connected optionally. The printing mode can be setfor labels or endless-paper on the CURIEMENTOR dis-play unit.

Ordering InformationL981108 CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator 115/230 V

incl. display unit, chamber and liner

L981141 CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator 115/230 V with wall mount display unit, incl. chamber and liner

Options page 100ff.

Deluxe isotope calibrator for radionuclideactivity measurement in nuclear medicineand intravascular brachytherapy

FeaturesState-of-the-art development of an isotope calibrator

Stores calibration factors for all isotopes used innuclear medicine with direct access to thirty of them

Displays measuring results continuously for isotopeswith very short half-value time

Provides data logging and data transfer via an RS232interface


The CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator is a highlysophisticated instrument for activity measurements innuclear medicine including PET. It includes and exceedsthe features of the CURIEMENTOR 3 isotope calibrator.The user has direct access to 30 different isotope cali-brations. When measuring isotopes with rapid decay, thedisplayed measuring values are updated each half sec-ond, which provides continuous display. 18F activities ofup to 92 GBq for PET applications can be measured. Upto 140 measuring results including administrative datacan be stored internally. The features with respect to thechamber design, check device, RS232 interface andprinter option are identical with the CURIEMENTOR 3features.

Ordering InformationL981142 CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator 115/230 V

incl. display unit, chamber and liner

L981144 CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator 115/230 Vwith wall mount display unit, incl. chamber and liner

Options page 100ff.

CURIEMENTOR® 3Isotope Calibrator

CURIEMENTOR® 4Isotope Calibrator

99

100

RadioactiveCheck Device

CURIEMENTOR® 4PET System

Isotope calibrator for high activity meas-urement in PET nuclide production

FeaturesMeasures high activities in PET nuclide production

Displays measuring results continuously for isotopeswith very short half-life time

Stores the nuclide calibration factors non-volatile

Features auto-start, auto-print and auto-reset func-tions


The process for the production of nuclides used for appli-cations in PET (positron emission tomography) createshigh nuclide activities. Especially the production of the 18Fisotope, which is included in the FDG radiopharmaceuti-cal (fluordeoxyglucose), and the 15O isotope require anisotope calibrator suited for high activity measurement.The PET CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator includes awell ionization chamber with argon gas filling at 1,5 barpressure. The geometrical design of the PET chamber isidentical to the standard chamber design. The 18F meas-uring range is from 0.1 MBq to 350 GBq. The systemmeasures and displays the activity of nuclides with veryshort half-life time continuously. The PET isotope calibra-tor consists of a T33007 PET ionization chamber and aCURIEMENTOR 4 display unit. The chamber cable lengthis 3 m. The PET isotope calibrator is calibrated for highactivity measurement. The use of the CURIEMENTOR 3 orCURIEMENTOR 4 standard units is recommended for lowand medium activity measurements.

Ordering InformationL981946 PET CURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrator 115/230V;

incl. PET well chamber, display unit, liner

Options page 100ff.

137Cs check source for CURIEMENTORperformance checks, including shieldedstorage container

FeaturesChecks the consistent performance of isotope calibrators

Includes 137Cs nuclide with a long life span

Classified for class C.23323 according to ISO 2919

Comes in a stable wooden case with handle and internal lead shielding

The sealed radioactive 137Cs check source of 3.7 MBq (100 µCi) activity is designed for routine checking of isotope calibrators to detect instability. The gamma emit-ting 137Cs nuclide of 662 keV with 30.17 years half-lifehas a long live span, so that only little correction fordecay is required. The source matches the form of thesamples to be assayed. It consists of an outer plastic(PVC) holder, shaped to resemble a 10 ml multidose vial,type P6 (diameter 20 mm, height 57 mm). This containsthe 137Cs source, which is incorporated in a ceramic pel-let and welded in a stainless steel capsule. The shape ofthe source enables easy handling using forceps.

The radioactive source is supplied in a wooden contain-er with integral lead shielding of 25 mm thickness forradiation protected storage and transport. The sourceshould only be removed from the case for isotope cali-brator checks. The external case dimensions are 20 cmdiameter and 22 cm height.

The source is classified according to ISO 2919 and equiv-alent to class C.23323. Please observe national regula-tions for transport and use of radioactive material.Before shipment, we need confirmation certifying thatthe purchaser is allowed to handle the radioactivesource.

Ordering InformationL971001 Radioactive check device for CURIEMENTOR

CURIEMENTOR Isotope Calibrators page 99f.


101

CURIEMENTOR®

AccessoriesIonization ChamberLead Shielding

Sectional lead rings for radiation shiel -ding of the CURIEMENTOR ioniza tionchamber

FeaturesMakes it possible to shield the CURIEMENTOR chamber type T33003 and T33007 separately

Protects measurements against falsification by external radioactive sources

Protects operating staff against irradiation fromradioactive sources inside the ion chamber

The separation of the CURIEMENTOR ionization chamberand the display unit makes it possible to fit a lead shield-ing around the chamber. This concept ensures optimumradiation protection. The operating staff are not exposedto radiation during the measurement of activity placed inthe chamber well, and other radioactive sources in thevicinity of the chamber cannot falsify the measurement.

The dimensions of the assembled shielding are:

Outside diameter: 220 mmHeight: 372 mmLead wall thickness: 40 mm

An additional cap model T33003.1.132 can be used toclose the shielding completely.

Ordering Information T33003.1.130 CURIEMENTOR lead shield

OptionT33003.1.132 CURIEMENTOR lead shield, cap


Optional accessories for sample positioning inside the well chamber ofCURIEMENTOR isotope calibrators

FeaturesLead shielding checks the 99Mo breakthrough

Plastic liners accommodate measuring samples

The lead absorber T33003.1.140 accommodates 99mTcsamples to check a possible molybdenum breakthroughof 99mTc generators. It absorbs the low-energy 99mTc radi-ation totally, but not the high-energy 99Mo radiation.

Plastic liners are used to insert measuring samples such asvials and syringes into the well chamber.

Ordering InformationT33003.1.140 Lead absorber for Mo breakthrough testT33003.1.110 Plastic liner




Thermal printer for printingCURIEMENTOR measuring results on labels

FeaturesPrints CURIEMENTOR results on label paper

Printing is automatically controlled by theCURIEMENTOR isotope calibrator

Connects to the CURIEMENTOR 3 or CURIEMENTOR 4 display units

To print the measuring data of the CURIEMENTOR 3 andCURIEMENTOR 4 isotope calibrators on paper labels, thesuitable printer can be connected to the display unit viaa serial interface. The user has the possibility to print themeasuring results including administrative data on self-adhesive stickers of a thermal paper roll. The width ofthe paper roll is 58 mm. The label size is 50 mm x 30mm. The printer is connected to the mains via a powersupply, which is included in the delivery.

Ordering InformationL981391 Thermal label printer

including power supply (100 ... 230) VL178048 Connection cable between printer and

CURIEMENTOR isotope calibratorL502119 Roll with 500 self-adhesive stickers


CURIEMENTOR®

Label Printer

102

Nuclear Medicine: Quality Control

103

Quality Control


PET Cylinder Phantom acc NEMA NU2-2012 105

PET Sensitivity Phantom 105

PET Emission Phantom acc NEMA NU2-2012 106

PET Phantoms acc IEC 61675-1 (2013-09) 106

PET-CT Phantom acc DIN 6858-1 107

Standard SPECT Phantom 107

Dynamic Heart Phantom 108

Flood Phantom for QC of Gamma Cameras 108

Flood Phantom Positioning Cart 109

Today nuclear medicine is a well-established imagingmodality in many medical fields such as neurology, cardi-ology and oncology and provides functional informationabout specific organs. Nuclear medicine diagnostic appli-cations are growing fast and modern technologies resultin increased imaging quality.

There has also been notable technical progress in singlephoton emission computed tomography (SPECT) byusing new detector technologies combined withimproved collimator design such as multiple-pinholeSPECT imaging.

Positron emission tomography (PET) provides an alterna-tive to the use of collimators to form images.Considerable progress has been achieved in the designof PET scanners and thus led to an increase in the use ofPET in clinical research and practice. Modern hybrid systems combine PET and CT for image fusion, and specialized PET scanners are designed for small animaldiagnosis.

The complex techniques of modern nuclear medicineimaging systems require sophisticated test equipment forregular quality control. The test tools must be adapted tothe different imaging techniques according to interna-tional standards and national guidelines such as IEC orNEMA standards. Specialized phantoms for quality con-trol procedures of nuclear medicine imaging devices areavailable from PTW:

PET scanners are tested by body-shaped phantomswith test inserts and by NEMA cylinder and tubephantoms

SPECT systems are tested by body shaped phantomswith test inserts

Cardiology procedures are tested by the dynamic heart phantom

Gamma cameras for planar scintigraphy are tested by flood phantoms, tungsten bar phantoms andorthogonal hole phantoms

Quality Controlin Nuclear Medicine

Nuclear Medicine: Quality Control

104

Nuclear Medicine: Quality Control Equipment

Cylinder phantom with line sourcetube for quality control of positronemission tomographs (PET scanners)

FeaturesEnables users to perform scatter fraction, count lossand random measurements on PET scanners

Consists of a long polyethylene cylinder with aneccentric line source tube

Complies with Section 4 of NEMA standard NU2-2012

One purpose of the test procedure based on the PETcylinder phantom is to measure the relative system sen-sitivity of positron emission tomographs to scatteredradiation. Another purpose is to measure the effects ofsystem dead-time and the generation of random eventsat several levels of source activity. The phantom used forthese purposes is a polyethylene cylinder of 700 mmlength and 200 mm outside diameter. A plastic tubehomogeneously filled with 18F liquid is inserted for themeasurement at a distance of 45 mm parallel to the cen-tral axis. This line source has an outside diameter ofapprox. 5 mm and a length of approx. 800 mm. Themeasurement setup, data collection and analysis aredescribed in Section 4 of the NEMA standard NU2-2012.

Ordering InformationL991204 PET Cylinder phantom acc NEMA NU2-2012,

Section 4

Sensitivity tube phantom with line sourcetube for quality control of positron emission tomographs (PET scanners)

FeaturesEnables users to measure sensitivity on PET scanners

Consists of five metal sleeves with different diameters and a line source tube

Related to Section 5 of NEMA standard NU2-2012

The purpose of the test procedure based on the PET -sensitivity phantom is to measure the sensitivity or abilityof positron emission tomographs to detect positrons. The phantom used for this purpose is a set of five metaltubes of 700 mm length and 1.2 mm wall thickness each.The outside diameters are 9.5 mm, 12.7 mm, 15.9 mm,19.1 mm and 22.2 mm. A plastic tube homogeneouslyfilled with 18F liquid is inserted for the measurement. Thisline source has an outside diameter of approx. 5 mm anda length of approx. 800 mm. Successive measurementsare made by accumulating the sleeve wall thickness withthe uniform line source surrounded by known absorbers.From these measurements, the sensitivity withoutabsorbers can be extrapolated to arrive at an attenuationfree measurement. The measurement setup, data collec-tion and analysis are described in section 5 of the NEMA standard NU2-2012.

Ordering InformationL991205 PET Sensitivity phantom

PET Cylinder Phantomacc NEMA NU2-2012

PET SensitivityPhantom

105

106

PET Phantoms acc IEC 61675-1 (2013-09)

PET Emission Phantomacc NEMA NU2-2012

Body-mimicking emission phantom forrealistic quality control of PET scannersacc NEMA NU2-2012

FeaturesSimulates realistic conditions by utilizing a body-shaped acrylic vessel

Includes a cover with six spherical inserts and an absorber

Inserts can be filled and emptied from outside

Complies with Section 7 of NEMA NU2-2012

The PET Emission Phantom L981606 complies with thephantom design of the NEMA standard NU2-2012. Thephantom is described in Section 7 “Image quality, accu-racy of attenuation and scatter corrections.” It has thesame asymmetric shape as the CEC and the IEC bodyphantom and simulates the human body in the range ofthorax and abdomen. A circular cover with six mounted,hollow glass spheres completes the phantom. The inneractive diameters of the spheres are 10 mm, 13 mm, 17 mm, 22 mm, 28 mm and 37 mm and the wall thick-ness is approx. 1 mm. The hollow spheres can be filledwith water for cold lesion imaging and with 18F for hotlesion imaging. They can be filled or emptied easily fromoutside with the help of a syringe. To simulate the atten-uation of a lung, a cylindrical insert of 50 mm outsidediameter is attached to the center of the cover with hol-low spheres.

Ordering InformationL981606 PET emission phantom,

complete set acc NEMA NU2-2012

OptionL522020 Storage and carrying case

PET Emission and Scatter phantoms forrealistic quality control of PET scannersacc IEC 61675-1 (2013-09)

FeaturesConsisting of PET Emission and PET cylinder phantoms

Both phantoms together comply with IEC 61675-1

PET Emission Phantom:

Simulates realistic conditions by utilizing bodyshapedacrylic vessels

Includes a cover with six spherical inserts and anabsorber

Inserts can be filled and emptied from outside

PET cylinder phantom:

Enables users to perform scatter fraction, count lossand random measurements on PET scanners

Consists of a long polyethylene cylinder with aneccentric line source tube

The international standard IEC 61675-1 (2013-09)adopted the proven concept of the PET emission andcylinder phantoms according to NEMA NU2-2012. Thenew IEC set is actually consisting of these two NEMAphantoms. The emission phantom has a circular coverwith six mounted, hollow glass spheres. To simulate theattenuation of a lung, a cylindrical insert of 50 mm out-side diameter is attached to the center of the cover. Tomeasure the relative system sensitivity of PET cameras toscattered radiation and also to measure the effects ofsystem dead-time and the generation of random eventsat several levels of source activity, IEC offers the samecylinder phantom which NEMA offers. It is a polyethyl-ene cylinder of 700 mm length and 200 mm outsidediameter. A plastic tube homogeneously filled with 18Fliquid is inserted for the measurement at a distance of 45 mm parallel to the central axis. This line source has anoutside diameter of approx. 5 mm and a length ofapprox. 800 mm.

Ordering InformationL981606 PET emission phantomL991204 PET Cylinder phantom


107

StandardSPECT Phantom

PET-CT Phantom acc DIN 6858-1

Quality control of the PET/CT imagingsystems acc DIN 6858-1

FeaturesIncludes a head phantom with 200 mm outside diameter

Includes the cover D with three cylinders

One Cylinder with PTFE and two fillable cylinders

Complies with DIN 6858-1

The PET-CT phantom is designed according to DIN 6858-1which is adopted from the IEC 61675-1 Phantom. It con-sists of the head phantom with 200 mm inner diameterand an active length of 190 mm. The phantom gets closedwith the cover D. Three cylinders, each of 50 mm outerdiameters are fitted to cover D and allow the insertion ofmaterials with different absorption coefficient into thehead phantom H. One of the cylinders consists of PTFEand simulates the bone. The other can be filled with fluidsfrom outside. One cylinder additionally can be openedtotally, allowing to be filled with solid materials or to bekept empty.

The package includes:

Head Phantom H

Cover D with three cylinders, each 50 mm in diameter

Ordering InformationT43004.1.001 SPECT/PET head phantom 'H'T43004.1.011 SPECT/PET cover 'D'

SPECT volume phantom equivalentJasczak

FeaturesChecks the resolution by acrylic rods of differentdiameters

Checks the contrast by acrylic spheres of differentdiameters

Checks the inhomogeneity by homogeneous radioactivity distribution

The standard SPECT phantom is used for the determi -nation of the tomographic specifications of SPECT systems. The phantom consists of a circular acrylic vesselof 200 mm diameter and 214 mm height including various test inserts. Three parameters can be checkedsimultaneously during one measuring cycle:

The tomographic resolution is tested by a number ofacrylic rods of different diameters located in sixphantom sections. The rod diameters are 4.0 / 6.0 /8.0 / 10.0 / 12.0 and 15.0 mm.

The tomographic contrast is tested by six fully acrylicspheres with diameters of 9.5 / 14.4 / 19.0 / 25.4 /31.8 and 38.1 mm, simulating cold spots.

The tomographic inhomogeneity is checked by aphantom volume with homogeneously distributedradioactive liquid. The height of the homogeneousvolume is 26 mm.

The cover plate is sealed and firmly screwed to the phan-tom body. The phantom can be air-free filled throughopenings in the cover plate, which are sealed after thefilling procedure. Flanges on the cover and bottom platesmake it possible to roll the phantom and intermix theradioactive liquid.

The phantom wall thickness is 3 mm, and the thicknessof the cover and bottom plates is 12 mm each. The totalweight of the liquid filled phantom is 6.3 kg.

Ordering InformationL991359 Standard SPECT phantom


Flood Phantom for QCof Gamma Cameras

Dynamic Heart Phantom

Dynamic heart phantom simulating theleft heart ventricle for quality control ofimaging systems in nuclear medicine

FeaturesValidates the evaluation programs of imaging sys-tems in nuclear cardiology

Simulates realistically the cardiac action of the leftventricle by a microprocessor controlled pump station

Fits into the body-shaped PET and SPECT phantoms

Ejection fraction selectable in 5 steps

The Dynamic Heart Phantom is designed for validationand optimization of diagnostic imaging systems innuclear medicine cardiology. It is based on a twin mem-brane, which simulates the left ventricle realistically. A computer-controlled pumping station compresses anddecompresses the inner membrane with variable heart-beat simulation and pump volume. The pumping fre-quency can be controlled up to 80 cycles per minute. Thecardiac volumes can be filled with active or inactive liquidsand thus the heart contraction process and the variationof the ventricle wall thickness can be determined for theimaging system to be checked. An ECG triggering at themoments of systole and diastole is available.

The Dynamic Heart Phantom is firmly mounted into abody-shaped thorax phantom according to IEC andNEMA, consequently providing realistic simulation of theheart function to evaluate the processes influencing real-istic imaging such as the application of algorithms forattenuation correction.

Ordering InformationL991356 Dynamic Heart Phantom

Rigid flood phantom with built-in circulation pump for system inhomo-geneity tests of gamma cameras

FeaturesUtilizes an integrated circulating pump for automaticfluid mixing to guarantee a homogenous activity distribution

Reduces contamination risk thanks to a compact,closed system

Suitable for the most types of gamma cameras


The purpose of the phantom is the generation of correc-tion matrices and the performance of regular constancytests of the system inhomogeneity, the most importantparameter for quality control of gamma cameras.

The flood phantom FP67S can be used for almost allcommercial available gamma cameras like Philips(Picker/Marconi, ADAC), GE (Elscint, SMV, Sopha),Siemens and Mediso.

It has some unique features for measuring precisely, saving time and protecting users against radiation exposition: The cuvette wall thickness of 20 mm and adefined extension volume ensure stable geometry andhigh measuring precision when using the filled phantom.The activity of the test isotope is distributed homo -geneously in the filling volume of distilled water by abuilt-in circulating pump. The special chamber design ofthe cuvette volume provides for a bubble-free field of view.

Ordering InformationFlood phantomL991211 Model FP67S for 40 cm x 54 cm field of view

Flood Phantom Positioning Cart page 109

108


109


Flood PhantomPositioning Cart

Mobile trestle to position flood phan-toms in relation to gamma cameras forhomogeneity tests

FeaturesEnsures precise, stable and reproducible positioningof FP flood phantoms in relation to gamma cameras

The trestle is mobile and handling is easy

Because of their substantial weight including water fil ling, especially the large flood phantoms require anappropriate mobile device for precise and reproduciblepositioning.

The PW67S positioning cart is a mobile trestle with framefor positioning the flood phantom model FP67S in rela-tion to the Philips gamma cameras types PRISM 1500,AXIS, IRIX, Forte and Skylight, the Siemens gamma cameras types E.Cam and Symbia, GE cameras typesInfinia, Discovery, Brivo and the Mediso gamma camerastypes X-Ring R and X-Ring C.

Ordering InformationDetailed information upon request

Flood Phantom for QC of Gamma Cameras page 108

110


Notes

Health Physics: Products

111

HEALTH PHYSICS

Health Physics: Introduction

112

Health Physics

Radiation protection principlesAny increment of dose from ionizing radiation above nat-ural background causes some additional risk of cancer. Theknowledge about deterministic and stochastic radiationeffects on human bodies has increased over the past years.

ICRP1 requires optimization by keeping “all doses as lowas reasonably achievable, economic and social factorsbeing taken into account.”

In recent years, the risk of exposures by ionizing radiationhas increasingly been a subject of discussion and debate.This discussion is still continuing. Nevertheless, awarenessof the risk of radiation exposure has increased consider-ably internationally. Supervision of radiation risks and con-trol by radiation measuring instrumentation are subject tohigh standards today.

1 ICRP 60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission onRadiological Protection. Report #60.

Radiation protection dosimetryThe measurement of environmental radiation levels andthe radiation exposure to persons are major tasks of radi-ation protection practices. PTW supplies a wide range ofproducts to support radiation protection practitioners intheir daily work:

Personal dosimetry can be performed using variousdosimetry systems such as electronic dosemeters.

The radiation monitoring instrumentation is used forsurface contamination measurement in radionuclidelaboratories such as nuclear medicine laboratories andfor the measurement of gamma radiation levels inenvironments.

The precise calibration equipment is required for theproper calibration of dosemeters used for radiationmonitoring.

The PTW secondary standard calibration laboratoryoffers a comprehensive range of calibration servicesfor various radiation beam qualities and dose rates.

Health Physics: Radiation Monitoring

113

Radiation Monitoring

Radiation Monitoring Equipment

Contamination Monitor 115

Thermo FH 40 G-L10 115

STEP OD-01, OD-02 Survey Meters 116

BLEEPER Personal Monitor 116

Thermo EPD Personal Dosemeter 117

UNIDOSwebline Dosemeter for Health Physics 117

3 Liter Chamber for Radiation Monitoring 118

50 Liter Chamber for Radiation Monitoring 118

XLS X-Ray Leakage System 119

Health Physics: Radiation Monitoring

114

Radiation Monitoring

Radiation Protection ConsiderationsAccording to the international ICRP 60 standard1 radia-tion exposure to humans has to be as low as reasonablyachievable (ALARA principle). Furthermore, the ICRPrequires control of risk in the case of potential exposuresand observance of certain dose limits.

The available radiation monitoring equipment is quitemultifarious depending on the differing characteristics ofa multitude of beam qualities and dose rate ranges aswell as the variety of measuring tasks. The equipment isused for highly sensitive measurement of natural back-ground radiation or for dose level measurements of arti-ficial radiation sources such as nuclear research laborato-ries, nuclear power plants and medical irradiation units.

The control of potential radiation expositions and themeasurement of radiation loads to persons working inareas of exposure risk are basic requirements of radiationprotection procedures. PTW supplies radiation monitor-ing equipment that helps persons in charge to meetthese requirements.

1 ICRP 60, 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission onRadiological Protection. Report #60

Radiation protection dosimetryPersonal Dosemeters

A variety of pocket-sized and light-weight digital radiation monitors are available for continual personaldosimetry to safeguard all personnel against the hazards of ionizing radiation.

Mobile monitors

Surfaces in radionuclide laboratories such as nuclearmedicine laboratories are monitored by the largearea contamination monitor. Portable survey meters enable the user to monitorradiation levels in the environment, e.g., in the sur-roundings of radiation emitting units.

Stationary monitors

Ionization chambers of various volumes to monitordifferent gamma levels are used in connection withhigh quality dosemeters.

The X-ray leakage system checks the leakage radia-tion of diagnostic X-ray tubes.

Radiological calibration

The calibration bench with carriage, tube support, fil-ter wheel and dose monitor is required for doseme-ter calibration.

Various high quality ion chambers are available forprecise calibration of dosemeters according to differ-ent measuring quantities and dose rates.

The PTW calibration laboratory offers comprehensiveradiological calibration services.

Health Physics: Radiation Monitoring Equipment

Monitor with plastic scintillator for ra dio -active contamination measurement ofsurfaces in nuclear medicine laboratories

FeaturesUtilizes a large size thin-layer plastic scintillationdetector

Does not require detector gas filling or gas flow

Measures alpha, beta and gamma radiation usingone detector

The portable contamination monitor model CoMo 170measures alpha, beta and gamma contamination with ahigh degree of sensitivity, utilizing a thin plastic scintilla-tion detector of 170 cm2 measuring area. A backgroundsubtraction function with adjustable background meas-urement time is included. The measuring results are pre-sented on an illuminated large-area graphical LC display.The measurement is menu-prompted, and the measur-ing data are stored internally. The built-in RS232 inter-face and optional software make it possible to read andprocess the data. The monitor is operated by size AA bat-teries or by rechargeable batteries. The model CoMo 170D additionally features a built-in GM detector for doserate measurements in the range of 1 µSv/h … 20 mSv/h.For stationary use, two types of wall stations are avail-able: a passive wall mount, which just accommodatesthe monitor, and an active wall mount, which includes avoltage supply.

The optional mobile floor control device accommodatesthe contamination monitor for easy contaminationchecks of floor areas.

Ordering InformationL991221 Contamination monitor model CoMo 170L991257 Contamination monitor model CoMo 170 D

OptionsL991222 Radioactive check device 200 Bq 90SrL991223 Stationary wall mount, passiveL991224 Stationary wall mount, active

(mains voltage 115 V or 230 V has to be specified)L991225 Floor control device

Portable digital survey meter for doseand dose H*(10) rate measurements

FeaturesServes in an energy range of 30 keV to 4.4 MeV

Fitted with an internal counter tube

Provides measuring ranges for radiation protectionlevels:

Dose: (0.1 … 1000) µSv

Dose rate: 10 nSv/h … 100 mSv/h

No external probe or cable required for gamma doserate measurements

The FH 40 G-L10 is a digital survey meter for many dif-ferent radiation protection applications. It incorporatesan energy-filtered proportional detector. It meets theenergy response behaviour of the new units ambientdose equivalent and ambient dose equivalent rate(H*(10)). Measured values are shown on a clear, backlitLCD display including a 3 decade logarithmic bargraph.An intelligent algorithm detects and indicates smallchanges in dose rate, suppressing random noise.

The FH 40 G-L10 records up to 256 data points contain-ing measurement number, date, time and dose rate. Thestored values can be read directly from the display of thedevice and can also be transferred to a PC via a serial IRinterface. The IR interface cable and the software areavailable as options. The survey meter is rugged, light-weight and easy to operate with large keys.

Ordering InformationL991382 Survey meter FH 40 G-L10

L991383 Survey meter FH 40 G-L10with official German authority calibration

More models, external detectors, connection cables andsoftware available upon request

ContaminationMonitor

Thermo FH 40 G-L10Survey Meter

115


Compact portable ion chamberdosemeter for dose and dose H*(10),H´(0.07,Ω) rate measurements

FeaturesServes for protection level dosimetry in a wide energyrange of 6 keV to 15 MeV of X-rays and gamma rays,above 15 MeV an optional PMMA cap is necessary

Measures beta rays in a range of 80 keV to 3 MeV

Provides wide measuring ranges for radiationprotection levels:

Dose: (0 … 2000) µSv

Dose rate: 0 µSv/h … 2000 mSv/h

Measures continuous and pulsed radiation

The STEP survey meter is used for protection level dosime-try in nuclear medicine laboratories and in the environ-ment. Nuclear medicine therapy patients can be checkedbefore release. The instrument is based on a 600 cm3

large volume ionization chamber, which provides highprecision and a wide range of health physics measure-ments. The unit is prepared for chamber volume air den-sity corrections. The chamber can be separated from thedisplay unit and located at a distance of 0.7 m by usingthe standard extension cable or up to 100 m by using theoptional extension cable. The background-illuminatedLCD display shows the measuring result in large charac-ters and on a bar graph as well as the operating condi-tions. The STEP basic set comes with a battery operateddisplay unit, a measuring probe and a carrying case. The model OD-02 additionally features a larger display,smoothing algorithm, simultaneous display of dose rateand dose and the indication of arithmetic mean.

Ordering InformationL991282 STEP survey meter OD-01L991288 STEP survey meter OD-02

OptionsL991284 Acrylic plastic shielding for STEP OD-01L991289 Acrylic plastic shielding for STEP OD-02

Radioactive check device, wall holder set and extensioncables in different lengths available upon request

Personal pocket-sized radiation monitor

FeaturesSuitable for personal X and gamma radiation protection measurements

Provides audible dose rate indication and generatesone bleep per 15 minutes in a natural background

Measures in a range of 45 keV to 1.2 MeV

Displays the accumulated dose (1 … 999999) µSv onan LCD

The BLEEPER is a simple robust pocket radiation monitorfor safeguarding all personnel against the hazards of X and gamma radiation. The available dose rate indica-tion gives immediate warning when entering a higherradiation level. The BLEEPER slips easily into a pocket andis held firmly by a strong clip. A quiet series of “clicks”from the loudspeaker indicates that the instrument isoperating correctly. The BLEEPER is battery operated. Itstypical operating lifetime using standard batteries ismore than one year. A change in bleep length indicatesthat the batteries need replacing.

Ordering InformationL991032 BLEEPER Sv Sw Personal Monitor

STEP OD-01, OD-02 Survey Meters

BLEEPER Personal Monitor

116


Electronic personal dosemeter forHp(10) and Hp(0.07) readouts ofgamma, beta and X-radiation

FeaturesHighly sophisticated multi-functional personal radiation monitor for radiotherapy, nuclear medicineand X-Ray diagnostic

Modern detector technology: PIN diode detector

Measures Hp(10) and Hp(0.07) according to ICRP

Programmable by external readers

Various audible and visual alarms configurable

All readers are supplied with the software EasyEPD2

Display units: Sv and rem

Dose indication range: 0 µSv … 16 Sv

Dose measuring range: 10 µSv … 10 Sv

Dose rate range for dose measurement: 0 µSv/h … 4 Sv/h

Display resolution: 1 µSv

Energy range:15 keV … 10 MeV (gamma and X-Ray)250 keV … 1.5 MeV (beta)

Dose alarm thresholds: 2 x Hp(10) and 1x Hp(0.07) values, programmable

Dose rate alarm threshold: 2 x Hp(10) and 1x Hp(0.07) values, programmable

Power supply: 1 battery AA, alkal. 1.5 V or 3.6 V LTC

Acoustic alarm: approx. 98 dB(A) at 20 cm distance

Dimensions: 85 mm x 63 mm x 19 mm

Weight (incl. battery): approx. 95 g (with clip)

Ordering Information L991017 Thermo EPD Mk2 Electronic personal dosemeter

L991362 Thermo EPD Mk2 Electronic personal dosemeterwith official German authority calibration

L991295 Thermo EPD Basic IrDa Reader, USB

L991294 Thermo EPD Desktop Reader, USB

Digital readers upon request

High performance health physics dose -meter with trip output and integratednetwork features

FeaturesHealth Physics dosemeter for simultaneous dose anddose rate measurement

Integration in a LAN with the internet standard TCP/IP

Remote access functionality

Trip output and data logging function

Active, configurable TFT display with wide viewing angles

Easy and fast menu-driven handling with navigationknob and help system

The Ethernet interface based on the TCP/IP protocol makesit possible to integrate the UNIDOSwebline in a LAN forremote access and e-mail capability, e.g. to initiate selftests and to send a status report. Its large, user-config-urable TFT display guarantees visibility from wide angles.UNIDOSwebline features a easy to use menue-promp ting sys-tem with help texts. Important settings can be passwordprotected (different levels). A comprehensive statistic anddata logging function is implemented. Up to 100 measur-ing values are stored in a list. The data can be reviewed andexported. Mean value and relative standard deviation aredisplayed on the measuring screen.Chamber data are stored in a comprehensive chamberlibrary. Air density is corrected by keying in air pressure andtemperature or by means of radioactive check devices. Thecheck device data are stored in a database. An internal clockcalculates the isotope radioactivity decay. It features bothmains and battery operation. UNIDOSwebline surpasses the requirements for referenceclass dosemeters according to IEC60731, the IPEM second-ary standard dosemeter guidelines, IEC 61674 for diagnos-tic radiology and IEC 60846 for health physics.

Ordering InformationT10023 UNIDOSwebline, connecting system BNT,T10022 UNIDOSwebline, connection system TNCT10021 UNIDOSwebline, connection system M

OptionL522021 UNIDOS Carrying case

Thermo EPD® Mk2Personal Dosemeter

UNIDOSwebline Dosemeterfor Health Physics

117

118


50 Liter Chamber forRadiation Monitoring

3 Liter Chamber forRadiation Monitoring

Cylindrical polyethylene ionizationchamber for stationary radiation moni-toring of gamma radiation

FeaturesVented sensitive volume of 3 liters

Suitable as radiation monitoring chambers

Gamma energy range 80 keV to 1.3 MeV

The 3 liter chamber is used as stationary surveillancedevice for environmental radiation monitoring. Thechamber is designed to measure protection level doserates. The response is 1 · 10-4 C/Sv. The maximum doserate at 90 % saturation is 10 Sv/h. The chamber is fullyguarded up to the measuring volume. Since the sensitivevolume is open to the surroundings, air density correc-tion is required for precise measurement.

The cylindrical chamberr is made of graphite coatedpolyethylene with 4 mm wall thickness. The ion-collect-ing electrode is made of graphite coated polyethylenetoo. The external chamber diameter is 150 mm and thelength is approx. 200 mm. For the transfer of the meas-uring signal and the polarizing voltage, the chamber is supplied with two coaxial connectors. The maximumlength of an extension cable to connect a dosemeter is 100 m. The maximum chamber polarizing voltage is1000 V.

The chamber is supplied with an integrated adapter forpositioning a radioactive check source of type T48010,which make it possible to check the proper performanceof the entire measuring system.

Ordering InformationT34031 Monitoring chamber 3 l, 2 Fischer coax

connectors

OptionT7262/U10-1.5 Connection cable with M connector for

the monitoring chamber type T34031, length 1.5 m

UNIDOS/UNIDOS E Dosemeters pages 13 and 117Radioactive Check Device page 22

Cylindrical pressurized steel ionizationchamber for stationary gamma radia-tion monitoring

FeaturesSealed sensitive volume of 50 liters

Suitable as stationary radiation monitoring chamber

Gamma energy range 80 keV to 1.3 MeV

The ionization chamber T7262 has a constructive volumeof 5 liters filled with Argon gas at the pressure of 10 bar,resulting in an effective measuring volume of 50 liters.This superior design makes the chamber very sensitiveand enables performing low level gamma radiationmeasurements down to the natural radiation back-ground. The chamber is used as highly sensitive station-ary surveillance device for environmental radiation mon-itoring. The response is 2 · 10-3 C/Sv. The maximum doserate at 90 % saturation is 10-2 Sv/h. The chamber is fullyguarded up to the measuring volume. Since the sensitivevolume is sealed, no air density correction is required.

The cylindrical 50 liter chamber is made of steel with 3.25 mm wall thickness and a 3 mm aluminum cover. Theion-collecting electrode is made of brass. The externalchamber diameter is 195 mm and the length is 538 mm.The chamber is supplied with two coaxial Fischer connectorsfor the transfer of the measuring signal and the polarizingvoltage. Via an optional adapter cable of 1.5 m length, thechamber can be connected to a dosemeter with M connec-tor, which has input circuits on ground potential. The maxi-mum length of an extension cable is 100 m. The maximumchamber polarizing voltage is 1000 V.

Ordering InformationT7262 Radiation monitoring chamber 50 lT7262A Radiation monitoring chamber 50 l with

integrated adapter for check device T48010

OptionT7262/U10-1.5 Connection cable with M connector,

length 1.5 m

UNIDOS/UNIDOS E Dosemeters pages 13 and 117Radioactive Check Device page 22

119


Multi-channel measuring system forradiation leakage measurements ofdiagnostic X-ray installations

FeaturesMeasures dose and dose rate at 18 locations arounddiagnostic X-ray tubes simultaneously

High sensitivity and excellent long-term stability

Complies with IEC 60601-1-31

Full software control via the RS232 interface

Manufacturers of diagnostic X-ray tubes must ensurethat the leakage radiation emitted by the tube outsidethe useful beam does not exceed certain levels providedby law or by standards such as IEC 60601-1-31. The XLS X-ray leakage system is an effective device to fulfillthese requirements. The XLS Measuring unit consists ofa specialized MULTIDOS multi-channel dosemeter and an18 channel measuring extension to connect up to 18 XLSionization chambers. The system measures dose anddose rate or charge and current of all 18 chambers simultaneously. The maximum and minimum measuringresults are displayed together with the channel numbers.A built-in high voltage supply for 400 V chamber polarizing voltage is included in the base unit. The measuring results of all chambers can be read via anRS232 interface. The chamber calibration factors arestored in the device and can be read and modified via theserial interface.The rectangular plane-parallel XLS ionization chamber isused for the XLS X-ray leakage system. The central electrode has an active area of 20 cm x 5 cm. The cham-ber response is approx. 10 µC/Gy. The external chamberdimensions are 225 mm x 90 mm x 35 mm. The doserate measuring range of the chamber connected to theXLS electronic devices is from 0.15 mGy/h to 30 mGy/h,and the chamber current measuring range is from 0.4 pAto 100 pA. Up to 18 chambers can be mechanically arranged on a semicircular arch of 1 m radius according to IEC. The X-ray tube is positioned on a rotatable table and – whilethe table is continuously rotated – the XLS leakage system monitors the dose rate of all detectors and

records the radiation levels of the entire hemispherearound the X-ray tube. The rotatable table and thechamber fixation parts are neither part of the XLS chambers nor the XLS X-ray leakage system.The individual response and the long-term stability of the chambers can be checked by means of an appropriate adapter between a radioactive check source type T48010 or T8921/8922 and the chamberstype TA34055-0. PTW can provide customized solutionsincluding measuring unit, ionization chambers, connection cables, rotation unit, C-arc and software.

1 IEC 60601-1-3 Medical electrical equipment - Part 1 General requirementsfor safety - 3. Collateral standard: General requirements for radiation pro-tection in diagnostic X-ray equipment

Ordering InformationT11036 XLS Measuring unitT26014.1.001-15 Cable set, 15 m lengthT26014.1.001-20 Cable set, 20 m lengthTA34055-0 XLS Ionization chamberT26014.1.200-15 Cable for X-ray leakage system,

15 m lengthT26014.1.200-20 Cable for X-ray leakage system,

20 m length

OptionT48011 Chamber adapter for radioactive check source

Information about customized parts like rotation unitsand C-arcs upon request

Radioactive Check Devices page 22

XLSX-Ray Leakage System


Notes

120

Health Physics: Radiological Calibration

121

RadiologicalCalibration

Calibration Equipment and Services

Calibration Bench 123

X-Ray Irradiator for Calibration Facilities 124

Gamma Irradiators 125

Beta Irradiator 127

Neutron Irradiator 128

Monitoring System 128

Accessories for Calibration Facilities 129

Monitor Ionization Chambers 129

X-Ray Therapy Monitor Ionization Chamber 130

Cylinder Stem Ionization Chamber 130

TK-30 Spherical Ionization Chamber 131

1 Liter Spherical Ionization Chamber 131

10 Liter Spherical Ionization Chamber 132

Böhm Extrapolation Chamber 132

ISO Calibration Phantoms 133

Hp(10) Secondary Standard Chamber 133

Calibration Service - Laboratory 134

Calibration Service - Radiation Qualities 134

Service Contracts 135

Health Physics: Radiological Calibration

122

RadiologicalCalibration

Calibration FacilitiesRadiation detectors and dosemeters are usually calibrat-ed on a calibration bench for correct dose measurement.The bench is combined with a radiation source fordefined irradiation of the dosemeters that are to be cali-brated. The calibration source is a 60Co source or a 137Cssource, each delivering only one radiation energy, or anX-ray tube, delivering a range of X-ray energies by vary-ing the high voltage and filter settings. Different X-raybeam qualities require different filtration. For this reasona filter wheel, which can move diverse filters into the X-ray beam, is mounted in front of the X-ray tube. A stablesupport is required to install the X-ray tube together withits heavy lead shielding into the right position. For dosecomparison, a reference chamber is mounted in thebeam. This chamber is designed as a shadow-free trans-mission chamber and has to be calibrated traceable to aprimary standard.

For calibration, the detectors are fixed on a carriage thatcan be precisely moved on the rails of the calibrationbench by remote control to realize different distancesfrom the radiation source and to establish different doserates.

PTW’s product range comprises calibration benches andaccessories, as well as a variety of reference ionizationchambers for calibration purposes.

Calibration ServicesThe PTW calibration laboratory is accredited by the IAEA,the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, as amember of the IAEA/WHO international network ofSecondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratories (SSDL) fordose quantities in radiation therapy. The PTW calibration laboratory is also accredited by theFederal Institute of Metrology, Braunschweig (PTB),which is the German National Laboratory. PTW operates Germany’s first Secondary Standard Dosi -metry Laboratory for radiation quantities accredited bythe DAkkS (German Calibration Service), under directsupervision of the National Laboratory. With eleven calibration benches in continual use, thePTW calibration laboratory is one of the most active calibration laboratories for ionizing radiation in theworld. The calibrations are directly traceable to the primary standards of PTB and BIPM (Bureau International de Poids et Mesure,Paris, France).The PTW calibration laboratory has a long history. From its very beginning, PTW has always maintained a calibra-tion laboratory for radiation measuring quantities. Al though it is an integral part of the company and its comprehensive quality assurance system, the calibrationla bo ratory is proud of its own tradition and achievements.Internal traceability is extended to the point of preservingthe original measurement notes for every calibration performed since 1937.

Health Physics: Radiological Calibration Equipment

Steel bench with carriage for precisecalibration of dosemeters used for ionizing radiation measurement

FeaturesPositions radiation detectors very accurately for calibration

High quality, stable and precise steel construction

Individually adjustable supports make the benchinstallation independent of floor conditions on site

The CALIBRATION BENCH is typically a part of a completecalibration facility which can be delivered by PTW withmany options as a turn key project.

The high precision CALIBRATION BENCH is designed as avery stable steel construction used for accurate position-ing of radiation detectors. Different types of benches areavailable. The benches with a manual carriage movementand motorized carriage movement are available withadditional manual control options. Both do have manualhorizontal and height control options to adjust the posi-tion in the beam in X,Y and Z direction. The movingranges are ± 50 mm from central position X or Y directionand 200 mm for height adjustment. A 4D type bench formotorized movement of the carriage and optional Y, Zand rotational movement is also available. The movingrange in Y direction is ± 200 mm from central positionand 400 mm for height adjustment.

All benches consist of a basic module of 2 m length andcan be expanded flexibly with extension modules of 1 mlength. Each bench module is supplied with four stablesupports for individual height adjustment, two at eachside with 500 mm distance. Thus the exact adjustment ofthe entire bench is independent of floor conditions onsite.

The remote controlled bench is driven by a BENCH CONTROLUNIT with a TCP/IP interface. The BENCH CONTROL UNIT hasan option for temperature and pressure measurement withsoftware readout. Two temperature sensors can be used foraccurate measurement at monitor chamber and probe posi-

tion. The software BenchControl controls the motorizedbench, shutter, filter wheel, electrometer and read out tem-perature and pressure. An implemented batch mode allowsan automatic calibration work flow.

The carriage runs on rigid cylindrical steel rails and is sup-plied with special bearings to provide for high precisionpositioning. The resolution of the positioning is 1 mm. Astainless steel plate with a close-knit grid of thread holesmakes it easy to fix the detectors on the platform for cal-ibration. The external dimensions of the platform of thecarriage are 500 mm x 500 mm.

Optional connection modules are available for dosimetryconnecting system M, BNT or TNC and connectors forTCP/IP, RS232 and temperature sensor at the carriage.

Ordering InformationL981282-X CALIBRATION BENCH, manual controlledL981283-X CALIBRATION BENCH, software controlledT90003 CALIBRATION BENCH height control optionT90004 CALIBRATION BENCH horizontal control option

CALIBRATION BENCH 4D:L981491-X CALIBRATION BENCH, software-controlledT90024 CALIBRATION BENCH height control optionT90023 CALIBRATION BENCH horizontal control optionT90025 CALIBRATION BENCH rotation control option

Where X is the length in full meters

Options for all benchesL981284 Connection module for connecting system ML981285 Connection module for connecting system BNTL981286 Connection module for connecting system TNC

Other Options upon request

Irradiators pages 124ff.VF RMS Monitoring System page 128Accessories (cameras, lasers, safety system) page 129UNIDOSwebline pages 13 and 117UniSoft edition 2000 page 21

CALIBRATIONBENCH

123


System to accommodate an X-raytube, X-RAY SHUTTER, FILTER WHEELand a monitor chamber

The X-Ray irradiation system is intended for precise,comfortable and safe calibration of X-Ray dosimetersused in X-Ray diagnostics, radiation therapy as well asfor health physics measurements. Working together withPTW’s calibration benches it is designed even in fullyautomatic mode with relatively high throughput. The software BenchControl allows to comfortably operatethe bench and the irradiator (incl. SHUTTER and FILTERWHEEL) as well as to acquire relevant measurement data.

FeaturesBasic construction with X-ray tube support and radi-ation shielding

Number of tubes: max. 3

Standard X-Ray tubes: High (industrial and medical w/o mammo) 320 kVMedium (diagnostic w/o mammo) 160 kVLow (mammography) < 50 kV

Lead shielding: 8 mm Pb

Beam axis height above the floor: 1.5 m

Up to 3 FILTER WHEELs with 24 positions each

Filters for calibrations for X-ray radiation qualitiesavailable

High speed X-RAY SHUTTER: < 100 ms, up to 450 kV

Holding device for a monitor chamber (optionally temperature value acquisition possible)

Open field size at 50 cm focus distance: 10 cm

Standard diaphragm field sizes at 50 cm: 2, 4, 8 cm

Weight complete, with 3 filters: < 350 kg

Max. setup dimensions: 157 cm x 60 cm x 235.1 cm

X-RAY SHUTTER, FILTER WHEEL and motorized CALIBRATION BENCH are controlled by the BENCHCONTROL UNIT via network cable with TCP/IP inter-face. The BENCH CONTROL UNIT is connected via onenetwork cable with the PC. The BenchControl softwarecontrols all movements, electrometers and readout ofthe temperature and pressure. A batch mode allows an

automatic calibration with predefined filter positions andshutter control.

Ordering InformationL981288 Basic construction and X-ray tube support for

GE MXR320/26

L981293 Basic construction and X-ray tube support forYXLON YTU/320-D03

L981289 Basic construction and X-ray tube support fora tube specified by the customer

L981437 X-ray tube changer for GE PW21xx

T90012 X-RAY SHUTTER, software controlled

L981194 FILTER WHEEL, software controlled

T43033-MMXX Filter for FILTER WHEEL L981194(MM is the material and XX is the thickness in mm)

Filter sets: ISO 4037-N qualities

(40/60/80/100/120/150/200/250/300 kV)

ISO 4037-W qualities(60/80/110/150/200/250/300 kV)

IEC 61267-X-Ray RQA/RQR (40/50/70/90/120/150 kV)

IEC 61267-Mammography(Mo, Rh and W tube filters acc. to RQA/RQR-M1…4 and similar qualities)

CCRI-Therapy (50 kV, 100 kV, 135 kV, 180 kV, 250 kV)

DIN 6809-4-Therapy(10 kV, 15 kV, 30 kV, 50 kV, 70 kV, 100 kV)

DIN 6809-5-Therapy (100 kV, 135 kV, 180 kV, 250 kV)

X-ray systems upon requestMonitor chamber and electrometer required

CALIBRATION BENCH page 123Monitor chamber page 129f.VF Radiation Monitoring system page 128Accessories (cameras, lasers, safety system) page 129Dosemeters, Detectors, Dosimetry Phantoms pages 13ff., 117 and 129ff.

X-Ray Irradiator forCalibration Facilities

124


Universal gamma isotope irradiator for calibration facilities

FeaturesNumber of sources: max. 7

Max. total activity 100 TBq for 137Cs, 200 GBq for 60Co

Standard collimator Ø60x205/300/15°(Ø 30 cm or Ø 75 cm and 10° or 20° possible)

Beam axis height 1.5 m above floor

Weight approx. 3.5 t

Dimensions: Ø 67 x h 213 cm

Collimator complying with ISO 4037

Very low surface dose rate (e.g. 100 TBq 137Cs: < 0.1 nSv/h; 37 GBq 60Co: < 1µSv/h)

The OG-8 irradiator generates the homogeneous andcollimated ionizing radiation beam required for healthphysics calibrations, providing dose rates from tenths ofµGy/hr up to units of Gy/hr.

Suggestion for sources60Co:185 GBq (5 Ci)1.85 GBq (0.05 Ci)

137Cs: 3.7 TBq (100 Ci)185 GBq (5 Ci)20 GBq (0.54 Ci) 0.5 GBq (0.014 Ci)370 MBq (0.01 Ci)

CALIBRATION BENCH page 123VF Radiation Monitoring system page 128Accessories (cameras, lasers, safety system) page 129Dosemeters, Detectors, Dosimetry Phantoms pages 13ff., 117 and 129ff.

Multisource Gamma irradiator for calibration facilities


Max. total activity 100 TBq for 137Cs, 20 TBq for60Co

Standard collimator Ø60x205/300/15° (Ø 30 cm or Ø 75 cm and 10° or 20° possible)

Beam axis height 1.5 m above floor Weight approx.1.5 t

Dimensions: Ø 53 x h 202 cm

Collimator complying with ISO 4037

Low surface dose rate (e.g. 100 TBq137 Cs:~ 1 µSv/h; 37 GBq 60Co: ~10 µSv/h)

The GI-6 irradiator is an economical multisource gammairradiator for health physics which provides a collimatedbeam and dose rates from tenths of µGy/h up to units ofGy/h at a reduced irradiator weight.

Suggestion for sources60Co:18.5 GBq (0.5 Ci)185 MBq (5 mCi)

137Cs: 3 TBq (81 Ci)185 GBq (5 Ci)0.5 GBq (0.014 Ci)


VF OG-8 UniversalGamma Irradiator

VF GI-6 MultisourceGamma Irradiator

125


Basic Gamma irradiator for calibration facilities


Max. total activity 2.6 TBq for 137Cs

Beam angle 20°

Beam axis height 1.5 m above floor


Dimensions: 131 x 57 x 74 cm (h x w x d)

Collimator complying with ISO 4037 (for 137Cs sorces)

Low surface dose rate (2.6 TBq 137Cs: ~1 µSv/h; 37 GBq 60Co: < 50 µSv/h)

The IG-13 irradiator is a basic gamma irradiator forhealth physics which provides a collimated beam anddose rates from tenths of µGy/hr up to units of Gy/hr atlow budget.

Suggestion for sources137Cs: 2.5 TBq (67.6 Ci)20 GBq (0.54 Ci)0.5 GBq (0.014 Ci)


Panoramic gamma isotope irradiatorfor calibration facilities

The PGI-01 irradiator, fitted with a suitable radionuclidesource, is primarily intended for the calibration and testing of personal dosemeters with a non-collimatedsource, or as a general panoramic source of gamma radi-ation. One radionuclide source, can be installed into theirradiator, optionally fixed or rotary tables for multipledosimeter irradiation as well as attenuators for dose ratereduction are available.

FeaturesNumber of sources: 1 Max. total activity: 3 TBq (81 Ci) for 137Cs or 300 GBq (8.1 Ci) for 60CoBadge dosimeter calibration w/table 20 pcs/cycle°Attenuators for dose rate reduction (10x, 100x)Weight: < 600 kg (137Cs) or 1300 kg (60Co)Dimensions: < height 1200 mm x diameter 538 mm possible semi-automatic calibration modeLow surface dose rate

Semi-automatic calibration workplace:It is also possible to setup an effective semi-automatic sys-tem for busy workplaces which use the electronic readoutof the values measured. The system records the exposuretime of the dosimeters with the calculated exposure val-ues. The dosimeter reader identifies semi-automatically adosimeter and it records its value measured. The toler-ance limits, data storage link, label print, and editing thenext documents can be preset in the system.

Suggestion for a source60Co:300 GBq (10 Ci)

VF Radiation Monitoring system page 128Accessories (cameras, lasers, safety system) page 129Dosemeters, Detectors, Dosimetry Phantoms pages 13ff., 117 and 129ff.

VF IG-13 BasicGamma Irradiator

VF PGI-01 PanoramicGamma Irradiator

126


Radiation therapy level 60Co irradiatorfor calibration facilities

The TERABALT T-100 represents a laboratory irradiatorwhich serves for applications where “hard” gamma radiation of 60Co (1.17 and 1.33 MeV) is used. Primarily,the T-100 is designed for calibration laboratory needs.

FeaturesNumber of sources: 1 Max. activity: 560 TBq (15 kCi) 60CoBeam axis height: 1.5 m above floorWeight: approx. 1850 kgDimensions: 115 × 90 × 200 cm (l x w x h)Power supply: 230 VAC, max. 8 A Collimator: 25° (optionally decreased)Low surface dose rate

Suggestion for a source60Co:260 TBq (~7 kCi)


Beta irradiator for calibration facilities

The EZAG BSS-2 Beta Irradiator is a common referentialstandard worldwide whilst the VF Automatic BetaCalibration System is similar to the BSS-2 design butoptimized for industrial beta dosimeter calibration in afully automatic process.

FeaturesBSS-2:

Number of sources: 3

For single dosimeter calibration acc. ISO 6980

Design based on PTB recommendations

PTB calibration

Beam flattening filters, one for each source

Features VF Automatic Beta Radiation Calibration System:

For ISO 6980 standard for Hp(0.07) detectors calibration

Automatic irradiation for up to 12 personal dosimeters

Principle similar to BSS-2

Traceability to PTB (indirect – cross calibration againsta BSS-2)

Beam flattening filters, one for each source

Including safety interlocking system

Due to exclusive distribution rights the EZAG BSS-2 mightnot be available from PTW in all countries of the world.

Suggestion for sources147Pm: 3.7 GBq (0.1 Ci) 85Kr: 3.7 GBq (0.1 Ci) 90Sr/90Y: 460 MBq (12.7 mCi)

Böhm Extrapolation Chamber page 132

VF TERABALT High LevelGamma Irradiator

Beta Irradiators

127

128

VF RMSMonitoring System

VF NI-8 Neutron Irradiator

Neutron calibration facilities consisting of the main components

An irradiation room acc. ISO 8529 (recommendation: 15 m x 15 m x 15 m)

An irradiator with ionizing radiation sources (numberof sources, ejection height, shielding to be defined)

Calibration bench(es) made of light and as less aspossible material

A safety system to prevent impermissible exposure ofpersonnel

Irradiation control room and an operator workstation

Radiation monitoring system

FeaturesModular system, can be optimized to client’s needs

Accreditation possible according to ISO 17025

Sturdy safety interlocks

Number of sources: max. 7, combination w/Gammasources possible

Safe source position typically under the floor

Low dose rate on the irradiator’s surface (max. ≤ 10 S/h, usually ≤ 1 µS/h)

Fully automatic or semi-automatic operation controlof the entire laboratory (other labs like X-Ray,Gamma, Beta) is possible

Max. total activity 1.85 TBq (50 Ci) of 241Am/Be

Beam axis height in the middle of the room


Dimensions w/o stand and elevating mechanism: min. 1.2 m x 1.4 m x 1.4 m (h x w x d)

Suggestion for sources241Am/Be: 370 GBq (10 Ci)241Am/Be: 18,5 GBq (0,5 Ci)252Cf: 2 GBq (~54 mCi)

VF Radiation Monitoring system page 128Accessories (cameras, lasers, safety system) page 129

Radiation monitoring system for calibration facilities

Features Smart probes with microprocessor and calibrationconstants

Local archiving of data, statuses and logs

Displaying of the measured data, status and historical data including tables and graphs

Alerts if the preset alarm levels are exceeded (opticaland acoustical) to warn local personnel

Process control unit depending upon the radiationsituation – digital or relay I/O boards available forvarious interlocks and alarms.

The VF radiation monitoring system RMS consists of astate-of-art PLC based local display unit (LZJ), dose rateprobes (MDG), neutron flux probes (MDN), alarm slaveunits (ASU-50) and a server with operators workstations.

Due to its modular concept, the VF RMS enables widevariety of configurations, meaning that the whole systemcan be customized for different radiation monitoringapplications.

The standard display unit contains a

power supply module 1 Ethernet output to host system4 signaling lightsinternal horn6 digital outputs (5 used for alarm signaling, 1 free) 1-8 inputs for up to 16 detection units via RS485

Optionally display units can contain

1 or 2 pulse processing modules from “dumb” probes standard interfaces (RS232, RS485, USB)current loop modules as input or output digital input/output modules relay output modules


129

MonitorIonization Chambers

Accessories forCalibration Facilities

Cameras, lasers and safety system

TCP/IP camera monitoring system (L981291)state-of-the-art, high resolution, software controlledzoom, ceiling mounted, for room surveillance and readout of dosimeter displays

TCP/IP economy room surveillance camerafor room monitoring only

Economy camera to read dosimeter displaysmanual focus, mini display for focusing at carriage side

LAP ASTOR line laser (L991298)for distance in bench direction reference as well aswhen no cross laser can be installed in the central axisbeam, e.g. at installations w/2 irradiators at one bench

LAP ASTOR cross laser (L991323)for wall mounting opposite the source

LAP ASTOR ceiling mount (L991299)required to mount line lasers at suspended ceilings

VF Point laser (L991433)economy laser alignment system for wall or ceilingmounting

VF OG-8 Point lasereconomy laser alignment system to be mounted at theirradiator

Safety interlocking system

CertificatesManager software (S160004)for creation of calibration certificates in dosimetry laboratories. Measurement data can be imported in xml format or from database. Printouts in pdf formatbased on MS Word templates

Special calibrations (DKD, PTB, NIST, NPL) and applicationtraining at PTW’s or VF’s calibration laboratory such asexternal laboratories upon request

Dosemeters, Detectors, Dosimetry Phantoms pages 13ff., 117 and 129ff.

Large size plane-parallel transmissionchambers for use as dose monitorscombined with calibration facilities

FeaturesVented sensitive volumes of 94 cm3 and 86 cm3

Include twin-measuring volumes

Shadow-free transmission chambers for dose moni-toring with calibration facilities

The circular plane-parallel transmission chambers areused for dose monitoring in combination with calibrationben ches. The sensitive volumes are designed as twin-chambers with 2.5 mm measuring depth each and adiameter of 155 mm (model 786) or 148 mm (model34014). The chamber walls and the electrodes are madeof polyimide (PI) of 0.025 mm thickness each withgraphite layer. The nominal photon energy range is 7.5 kV up to 420 kV, and the leakage current is less than1 pA. The chambers are fully guarded. The externaldiameter of the chamber housing is 230 mm. Two holeswith 6 mm threads serve for mechanical chamber fixation.

Two chamber versions are available: model 786 is usedtogether with dosemeters having the input circuits onground potential, and model 34014 is used together withdosemeters having the input circuits on high voltage.

Ordering InformationTN34014 Monitor chamber, BNT connectorTW34014 Monitor chamber, TNC connectorTM786 Monitor chamber, M connector TB786 Monitor chamber, BNC connector and banana pin

OptionMonitor chambers with smaller diameter of sensitive

volume upon request

UNIDOS Dosemeters pages 13 and 117



Large size plane-parallel transmissionchamber for use as dose monitor combined with X-ray therapy units


Shadow-free transmission chamber for dose moni toringwith radiation therapy X-ray equipment

The circular plane-parallel transmission chamber model7862 is used for dose monitoring in combination withradiotherapy X-ray units. The sensitive volume is de -signed as a very thin cylinder of 2.4 mm thickness and96.5 mm diameter. The chamber wall and the electrodeare made of polyimide (PI) of 0.05 mm thickness eachwith graphite layer, mechanically protected by another PI foil of 0.05 mm in front of each wall. The nominalphoton energy range is 7.5 kV up to 420 kV and theleakage current is less than 1 pA. The chamber is fullyguarded. The external diameter of the chamber housingis 119.5 mm. Three holes with 3.5 mm threads serve formechanical chamber fixation.The transmission chamber model 7862 is used in con-nection with dosemeters having the input circuits onground potential.

Ordering InformationTM7862 Monitor chamber for X-ray therapy units,

M connector


Cylindrical PMMA ionization chamberwith a long rigid stem for radiation protection measurement

FeaturesVented sensitive volume of 30 cm3

Suitable as high precision reference chamber for radiation protection dosimetry


The cylinder stem chamber is designed as a referencechamber for absolute dosimetry to be used by secondarystandard dosimetry laboratories (SSDL) and users withhigh quality requirements. It has very small variations ofresponse with radiation quality from low X-ray energiesup to high-energy photon radiation. The nominal usefulenergy range is 30 keV up to 60Co radiation. The cylin-drical sensitive volume has a diameter of 31 mm and alength of 51 mm. The wall material is graphite with aprotective acrylic cover. The electrode is made ofgraphite-coated aluminum. The guard ring is designedup to the measuring volume. The chamber is constructedwith a long rigid stem of approx. 20 cm length for easymounting in the radiation beam.An acrylic build-up cap with 3 mm wall thickness for in-air measurement in 60Co beams is included with eachchamber, as well as a calibration certificate. Air densitycorrection is required for each measurement. A radio -active check device and an appropriate holding deviceare available.

Ordering InformationTN23361 Cylinder stem chamber 30 cm3, BNT connectorTW23361 Cylinder stem chamber 30 cm3, TNC connectorTM23361 Cylinder stem chamber 30 cm3, M connector

OptionsT23237 Radioactive check source holding deviceE41150B/S/G Service contract Bronze, Silver or Gold

UNIDOS Dosemeters pages 13 and 117Radioactive Check Device page 22Service Contracts page 135

X-Ray Therapy MonitorIonization Chamber

Cylinder StemIonization Chamber

130


Spherical ionization chamber with along rigid stem for radiation protectionmeasurement


Suitable as high precision reference chamber for radiation protection dosimetry


The TK-30 spherical chamber is designed as a referencechamber for absolute dosimetry to be used by secondarystandard dosimetry laboratories (SSDL) and users withhigh quality requirements. It has very small variations ofresponse with radiation quality from low X-ray energies upto high-energy photon radiation. The guard ring isdesigned up to the sensitive volume. The chamber is con-structed with a long rigid stem of approx. 20 cm length foreasy mounting in the radiation beam. Air density correc-tion is required for each measurement.

Ordering InformationTN32005 TK-30 Spherical chamber,

connecting system BNT

TW32005 TK-30 Spherical chamber, connecting system TNC

TM32005 TK-30 Spherical chamber, connecting system M



Spherical ionization chamber for radiation protection level and low levelmeasurement

FeaturesVented sensitive volume of 1 liter

Suitable for survey meter calibration and low levelmeasurements

Superior energy response, reproducibility, directionaldependence and long-term stability

Superior features make the chamber suitable as a standardchamber for calibration purposes. It fulfills the requirementfor excellent reproducibility and long-term stability of the sen-sitive volume. The spherical construction ensures a nearly uni-form response to radiation from every direction. The energyresponse is very flat within ± 1.3 % in the energy range from45 keV to 1.3 MeV. This is achieved by the thin layer of alu-minum on the inner wall surface, which provides for anincreased photoelectric yield to compensate for the absorp-tion of soft X-rays. The chamber wall is made of graphitecoated polyoxymethylene (Delrin) with 3 mm thick ness.

The spherical chamber model 32002 is designed for the measurement of ionizing radiation in the protection levelrange from 0.1 mSv/h to 0.3 Sv/h. The outer chamberdiameter is 140 mm. The spherical electrode of 50 mmdiameter, made of graphite-coated polystyrene, is locat-ed in the center of the chamber sphere.

The chamber is supplied in a custom built case of 530 mm x 190 mm x 190 mm external dimensions toprotect them.

Ordering InformationSpherical chamber with BNT, TNC or M connector32002 Spherical 1 liter chamber LS-01


TK-30 SphericalIonization Chamber

1 Liter SphericalIonization Chamber

131

132

Böhm ExtrapolationChamber

10 Liter SphericalIonization Chamber

Spherical ionization chamber for radiation protection level and low levelmeasurement

FeaturesVented sensitive volume of 10 liters

Suitable for survey meter calibration and low levelmeasurements

Superior energy response, reproducibility, directionaldependence and long-term stability

Superior features make the chamber suitable as a standardchamber for calibration purposes. It fulfills the requirementfor excellent reproducibility and long-term stability of the sen-sitive volume. The spherical construction ensures a nearly uni-form response to radiation from every direction. The energyresponse is very flat within ± 1.3 % in the energy range from45 keV to 1.3 MeV. This is achieved by the thin layer of alu-minum on the inner wall surface, which provides for anincreased photoelectric yield to compensate for the absorp-tion of soft X-rays. The chamber wall is made of graphitecoated polyoxymethylene (Delrin) with 3 mm thick ness.

Model 32003 is designed for the low level range from 10 µSv/h to 30 mSv/h. The outer chamber diameter is 276 mm. The spherical electrode, made of graphite-coat-ed polystyrene, has a diameter of 100 mm.

The chamber is supplied in a custom built case of 650 mm x 335 mm x 320 mm external dimensions toprotect them.

Ordering InformationSpherical chamber with BNT, TNC or M connector32003 Spherical 10 liter chamber LS-10



Low energy extrapolation chamber withadjust able volume depth for measure-ment of absorbed dose in soft tissue

FeaturesMeasures absolute dose of beta radiation and soft X-rays in soft tissue equivalent material very precisely

Includes a micrometer screw for the depth adjustment of the measuring volume down to zero

Suitable for beta calibration at PSDLs and SSDLs

The Böhm extrapolation chamber is a high quality devicefor absorbed dose measurements of beta and low ener-gy X radiation in certain depths below the surface of theen trance window. Primary standard dosimetry laborato-ries (PSDL) and secondary standard dosimetry laborato-ries (SSDL) use it for low energy radiation calibration. Thedose is determined from the ionization density in a smallair gap, the extrapolation chamber volume, embedded intissue equivalent material (PMMA). The chamber is sup-plied with a very thin en trance window of 0.75 mg/cm2

and a collecting electrode of 30 mm in diameter. Bymeans of the built-in micrometer screw, the collectingelectrode surrounded by a guard ring of 15 mm can bemoved to adjust the depth of the sensitive volumebetween 10 mm and 0 mm. The zero point of the cham-ber depth setting can be obtained by measuring thechamber capaciting charge C versus the chamber depthx and extrapolating C-1 towards x=0. The chamber is equipped with two BNC sockets for sig-nal and polarizing voltage. A connection cable from bothBNC sockets to an electrometer with M type connectoris available. An electrometer with the input circuits onground potential is required. The extrapolation chambercomes in a protective storage case.

Ordering InformationT23392 Böhm extrapolation chamberT23392/U5 Connection cable with M connector for

Böhm extrapolation chamber



133

Hp(10) SecondaryStandard Chamber

ISOCalibration Phantoms

Standard test phantoms representingparts of human bodies with regard toback-scattering of incident radiation

FeaturesComply with the standard ISO 4037 part 31

Represent parts of human bodies with regard toback-scattering of the incident radiation

Suitable for calibrations and type tests of personaldosemeters, because they measure the quantitiesHp(0.07) and Hp(10)

The ISO calibration phantoms comply with the standardISO 4037 part 31 which describes standard test phantomsfor calibration and type tests of personal dosemeters, thatmeasure the dose quantities Hp(0.07) and Hp(10). Thephantom composition is acrylic material (PMMA). Threetypes representing parts of human bodies in regard toback-scattering of incident radiation are available:

Slab phantom: The water slab phantom represents the human torso and consists of a 300 mm x 300 mmx 150 mm cube, which is filled with water. The frontwall is 2.5 mm thick; all other walls are 10 mm thick.

Pillar phantom: The water pillar phantom represents a lower arm or leg and consists of a circular cylinderwith 73 mm diameter and 300 mm length, which isfilled with water. The wall is 2.5 mm thick; the bot-tom and cover plates are each 10 mm thick.

Rod phantom: The acrylic rod phantom represents afinger and consists of a circular acrylic cylinder with19 mm diameter and 300 mm length.

1 ISO 4037-3:1999 “X and gamma reference radiation for calibratingdosemeters and doserate meters and for determining their response as afunction of photon energy -- Part 3: Calibration of area and personaldosemeters and the measurement of their response as a function of energy and angle of incidence”

Ordering InformationT41007 ISO water slab phantom, representing a torsoT41011 ISO water pillar phantom, representing arm and legT40009 ISO acrylic rod phantom, representing a finger

Parallel plate ionization chamber fordirect measurement of Hp(10) personaldose equivalent on a slab phantom


Measures the Hp(10) personal dose equivalent directly

Suitable as a reference chamber for Hp(10) calibration

The parallel plate ionization chamber model 340351 isintegrated into a slab phantom to measure the Hp(10)radiation protection measuring quantity directly. Thehigh performance chamber is designed to be used as asecondary standard chamber for calibration purposes.The beam calibration with the Hp(10) chamber makes itunnecessary to precisely determine the spectrum of theX-ray beam. The chamber comes uncalibrated; a primarystandard calibration by PTB, the German NationalLaboratory, is available. The useful gamma energy range is from 10 keV to 1400 keV.The chamber response is approx. 350 nC/Sv. The chamberset includes a phantom slab of 31 mm thickness with cham-ber assembly and an additional phantom slab of 120 mmthickness. The slab phantom is composed of tissue-equiva-lent acrylic material (PMMA). The total external dimensionsare 300 mm x 300 mm x 151 mm. Both sets include anadapter cable to connect the chamber either to a dosemeterwith M connector or with BNC connector and banana pin.The Hp(10) chamber should be used in connection witha high quality dosemeter such as UNIDOS or UNIDOS Eto ensure best performance.

1 Ankerhold, Ambrosi, Eberle – A chamber for determining the conventional-ly true value of Hp(10) and H*(10) needed by calibration laboratories – Rad.Prot. Dos. Vol. 96, Nos 1-3, pp. 133 - 137 (2001), Nucl. Techn. Publishing

Ordering InformationL981937 Hp(10) Secondary standard chamber, M connectorL981938 Hp(10) Secondary standard chamber, BNC

connector and banana pin

OptionPTB Primary standard calibration upon request



Services: Radiological Calibration Services

PTW-Freiburg operates an accreditedsecondary standard dosimetry laboratoryfor radiological measuring quantities

PTW-Freiburg is a member of the IAEA internationalSSDL network and the German Calibration ServiceDAkkS

The calibrations are directly traceable to the primary standards of:

BIPM (Bureau International de Poids et Mesure, Paris)

PTB-Braunschweig (German Federal Institute ofPhysics and Metrology)

Eleven calibration facilities for various radiation qualities, measuring quantities and dose rate rangesare available

Regular external audits are performed by PTB

The calibration laboratory has been a most important part of PTW-Freiburg since its first days. The task to produce accurate dosimetric instrumentation implies thenecessity to provide accurate calibration. PTW-Freiburgoperates Germany's first Secondary Standard DosimetryLaboratory for radiation quantities accredited by theDAkkS German Calibration Service, under direct supervi-sion of the National Laboratory. It operates as an ADCL(Accredited Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory) and it isalso a member of the international SSDL network,organized by the International Atomic Energy AgencyIAEA. With eleven calibration benches in continual use,the PTW calibration lab is one of the most active calibra-tion labs for ionizing radiation in the world. The follow-ing radiation therapy beam qualities can be calibrated:

- 60Co (1.3 MeV)- 137Cs (662 keV)- X-rays (10 ... 280) kV

In addition, well-type chambers can be calibrated tomeasure brachytherapy sources. Besides the therapydosi metry calibrations, the PTW lab provides for doseand non-invasive kV calibrations in diagnostic imaging,nu clide radioactivity calibrations of isotope calibrators innuclear medicine and calibrations of health physics dosi -metry equipment.

A variety of ionizing radiation beamquality sets for different applications isavailable

Radiation Therapy Dosemeters- X-rays 10, 15, 30, 50, 70, 100 kV

(TW qualities according to DIN 6809-4)- X-rays 70, 100, 140, 200, 280 kV

(TH qualities according to DIN 6809-5) - 137Cs 662 keV- 60Co 1.3 MeV

Diagnostic Radiology Dosemeters- X-rays 50, 70, 90, 120, 150 kV Conventional

(RQR and RQA qualities according to IEC 61267)- X-rays 70, 90, 120, 150 kV CT

(RQR and RQA qualities according to IEC 61267)- X-rays 100, 120, 150 kV CT

(RQT qualities according to IEC 61267)- X-rays 50, 70, 90 kV Dental- X-rays 25, 28, 30, 35 kV Mammography

Qualities according to IEC 61267 Mo/Mo, Mo/Rh,Rh/Rh, W/Ag, W/Al, W/Rh (each with 2 mm Al optional)

Radiation Protection Dosemeters- X-rays 20, 30, 40 kV

(Narrow Spectrum Series (N) qualities acc ISO 4037-1)- X-rays 60, 80, 100, 150, 200, 250 kV

(Narrow Spectrum Series (N) qualities acc ISO 4037-1)- 137Cs 662 keV- 60Co 1.3 MeV

Miscellaneous Calibrations- Source strength (cGym2h-1) of brachytherapy sources

measured by well-type chambers- Diagnostic X-ray generator high voltage of all types of

X-ray equipment measured non-invasively by kV-meters:Different ranges from 20 to 150 kV

- Nuclide activity in nuclear medicine measured by isotopecalibrators (only CURIEMENTOR instruments)

- Electrical measuring quantities charge (C) and current (A)measured by highly sensitive electrometers

General InformationAccording to the PTW definition, each such set of beamqualities represents one calibration point for a certain appli-cation and can be ordered with a single order number.

Calibration Service -Laboratory

Calibration Service -Radiation Qualities

134

Services: Service Contracts

Service Contracts Bronze, Silver and Gold

PTW instruments are a valuable investment. Keep yourPTW equipment in top condition to get the best out of itas long as you use it. PTW service contracts hold the keyto it. They come in three attractive contract packagesthat are built on each other to meet different mainte-nance and budget needs - from basic coverage to totalcare.

BRONZE – The “Extended Warranty” Package The PTW service contract “Bronze” offers prolongedprotection against unexpected repair costs after thestatutory warranty has expired. Extend your coveragefurther and benefit from the expertise of our technicalsupport and free software updates.

Services include:

Technical hotline support

Unlimited access to support hotline via phone, fax and e-mail

Warranty extension

Free repair and/or equipment replacement warranty

Software updates

Free provision of updated versions of licensed PTW software

SILVER – The “Preventive Maintenance” PackageThe PTW service contract “Silver” combines the advan-tages of the “Bronze” service package with regular, preventive maintenance. In addition to priority supportand repairs, it includes inspection and calibration of yourinstruments, as well as free software upgrades. Perfectfor those who want to keep their PTW system always intop condition and technically up to date.

Services include:

All the advantages of the “Bronze” service package

Software upgrades

Free provision of further developed versions oflicensed PTW software

Preventive maintenance

Inspection and calibration of measuring instruments in recommended service intervals

Priority service and support

Guaranteed, faster reaction time to support, service and repair requests

GOLD – The “Total Care” PackageThe “Gold” service contract provides the highest level ofprotection for your investment which gives you truepeace of mind. Building on the “Silver” package, itincludes free replacement equipment, covering all ship-ping costs within the EU. Reduce the risk of unplanneddowntime of your PTW equipment during servicing oroff-site repairs. Shipment is handled by us, freeing youup to focus on your core business.

Services include:

All the advantages of the “Silver” service package

Loan equipment

Fast provision of replacement equipment duringoff-site repairs and servicing at no extra cost

Logistical services

Free shipping within the EU and full logistical andadministrative support in the event of servicing

For more information about PTW service contracts and other PTW services, visit our website atwww.ptw.de/serviceplan or contact your local PTW sales partner.

PTW Service ContractsService Contracts with different service levels

135


Notes

136

Radiation Medicine: Quick View

137

QUICK VIEW

138


The size of this product catalog shows that the PTWproduct range is quite comprehensive. It meets the tasksand needs of users for the measurement of ionizing radi-ation and the quality control of irradiation equipment inmedicine and health physics.

The products are presented in this catalog in the order of their application and use. This chapter includes listingsof certain product families and reviews the entire rangeof the presented product families. Each product is char-acterized within these reviews by a small picture, theitem number, the product name, a short description andthe page, where the product is described more compre-hensively.

This chapter reviews the following product families:

TBA Therapy Beam Analyzers

Various sets of basic equipment for data acquisitionand analysis of external beams in radiotherapy areavailable, depending on different types of phantomtanks. Optional items for the TBA analyzers are alsolisted.

PTW Dosemeters

This guide gives a review of the available dosemeters,which are combined with different detectors for themeasurement of ionizing radiation of varying radiationqualities and dose rates.

PTW Software

Since the majority of electronic devices for the meas-urement of ionizing radiation is computer controlledtoday, a number of software programs for variousapp li cations in medicine and health physics are avail-able.

PTW Detectors

The PTW product line includes quite a number of dif-ferent radiation detectors for the measurement of theentire range of ionizing radiation qualities and doserates and for varying applications in medical radiologyand health physics.

For detailed information refer to our Detector Catalog

Quick View Product Families


139

Product Family Quick View

TBA Therapy Beam Analyzers 140

Guide to PTW Dosemeters 142

Guide to PTW Software 144

Product Index 148

Item Number Index 150

Quick View

140



L981160/L981163 MP3 Water Phantom (230 V/115 V), complete, BNT connectorL981161/L981164 MP3 Water Phantom (230 V/115 V), complete, TNC conntectorL981162/L981165 MP3 Water Phantom (230 V/115 V), complete, M connectorconsisting of: - MP3 phantom tank with positioning device

- TBA control unit, TANDEM dosemeter, control pendant- 2x Semiflex 0.125 cm3 ion chamber, TRUFIX- MEPHYSTO mc2, software options PLAMO and Absolute Dosimetry- Lifting carriage, reservoir- Accessories

L981166 MP3-M Water Phantom, complete, BNT connectorL981167 MP3-M Water Phantom, complete, TNC conntectorL981168 MP3-M Water Phantom, complete, M connectorconsisting of: - MP3-M phantom tank with positioning device

- TBA control unit, TANDEM dosemeter, control pendant- 2x Semiflex 0.125 cm3 ion chamber, TRUFIX- MEPHYSTO mc2, software options PLAMO and Absolute Dosimetry- SCANLIFT- Accessories

L981172 MP3-XS Water Phantom, complete, BNT connectorL981173 MP3-XS Water Phantom, complete, TNC conntectorL981174 MP3-XS Water Phantom, complete, M connectorconsisting of: - MP3-XS phantom tank

- TBA control unit, TANDEM dosemeter, control pendant- 2x Semiflex 0.125 cm3 ion chamber- MEPHYSTO mc2, software option Absolute Dosimetry- Accessories

L981199 MP3-T Water Phantom, complete, BNT connectorL981183 MP3-T Water Phantom, complete, TNC conntectorL981182 MP3-T Water Phantom, complete, M connectorconsisting of: - MP3-T phantom tank

- TBA control unit, TANDEM dosemeter, control pendant- PinPoint ion chamber 0.03 cm3 ion chamber- SFD Mammo ion chamber 6 cm3

- MEPHYSTO mc2

- Accessories

For product details see chapter Therapy Beam Analysis, page 37ff.

Configured Basic Systems

L981475 BEAMSCAN Water Phantom, complete, BNT connectorL981476 BEAMSCAN Water Phantom, complete, TNC connectorL981474 BEAMSCAN Water Phantom, complete, M connectorconsisting of: - BEAMSCAN phantom tank

- Lifting carriage with integrated dosemeter, control unit and reservoir- Mobile device (iPod touch®), WiFi access point- 2x Semiflex 3D 0.07 cm3 ion chamber, TRUFIX BS- BEAMSCAN Software, software option PLAMO- Accessories Pending 510(k), not available for sale within the United States


141

L981185 MP3-P Water Phantom with Reservoir, TCP/IP interface, BNT connectorL981186 MP3-P Water Phantom with Reservoir, TCP/IP interface, TNC connectorL981233 MP3-P Water Phantom with Reservoir, TCP/IP interface, M connectorL981403 MP3-P Water Phantom with SCANLIFT and positioning device, M connectorL981404 MP3-P45 Water Phantom with SCANLIFT and positioning device, M connectorConsisting of: - MP3-P/MP3-P45 phantom

- TBA control unit, TANDEM XDR, dosemeter, control pendant- MEPHYSTO mc2

- Accessories


LA48 OptionL981099 Option LA48 chamber array for MP3 / MP3-M therapy beam analyzerincluding fittings, carrying case, MULTIDOS / ME48 multichannel dosemeter, cables and MEPHYSTO software module

Dosimetry diodes60016, 60018 Dosimetry Diodes for photons; BNT, TNC or M connector60017 Dosimetry Diode E for electrons and photons; BNT, TNC or M connector60020 Dosimetry Diode PR for protons; BNT, TNC or M connector

Thimble ionization chambers31021 Semiflex 3D 0.07 cm3 ion chamber; BNT, TNC or M connector30013 Waterproof Farmer 0.6 cm3 ion chamber; BNT, TNC or M connector31014 PinPoint 0.015 cm3 ion chamber; BNT, TNC or M connector

Plane-parallel ionization chambers34045 Advanced Markus 0.02 cm3 electron chamber; BNT, TNC or M connector34001 Roos 0.35 cm3 electron chamber; BNT, TNC or M connector

Diamond detector60019 microDiamond; BNT, TNC or M connector

Detector positioning toolsL981150 TRUFIX Basic equipmentHolders for various detectors upon request

Dosimetry OptionsDosimetry Options

page

45

page

18

page

15-18

page

17

page

19

page

44

or

or

Guide to PTW Dosemeters


Therapy Dosemeters

T10010 BNT UNIDOS ET10009 TNC UniversalT10008 M Dosemeter

page

13

Easy to use reference class or field class dosemeter for rou-tine dosimetry; chamber bias voltage supply ± (0 ... 400) V

T10004 MULTIDOS page

30

Field class dual channel dosemeter (chambers with M connector),multi-channel dosemeter for 12-channel in-vivo dosimetry (diodes),6-channel afterloading dosimetry (diodes), 48-channel beam ana -lysis (LA48 linear array), and quality control (QC6Plus probe)

T10015 BNT TANDEMT10016 TNCT10011 M

page

14

Fast dual channel electrometer for absolute dosimetry withTanSoft software and for beam analysis with TBA therapybeam analyzers; chamber bias voltage supply ± (0 ... 400) V

T10038 BNT TANDEM XDRT10039 TNCT10037 M

page

14

Fast dual channel electrometer for absolute dosimetry withTanSoft software and for beam analysis with TBA therapybeam analyzers; chamber bias voltage supply ± (0 ... 400) V;extended dose rate range for e.g. IORT

T10018 VIVODOSin-vivo Dosemeter

page

29

Twelve channel dosemeter for twelve channel in-vivodosimetry (diodes) and six channel afterloading dosimetry(diodes)

T11028 VIVODOS E in-vivo Dosemeter

page

29

Four channel dosemeter for four channel in-vivo dosimetry (diodes)

Diagnostic Dosemeters

L981816 NOMEXDosemeter

page

79

Non-invasive measuring system for absolute dosimetry andquality control in X-ray diagnostic radiology

T11003 DIADOS page

80

Diagnostic dosemeter for acceptance tests of radiographic, fluoroscopic, mammographic, dental and CT X-ray installa-tions, utilizing semiconductor detectors

T11035 DIADOS E page

84

Diagnostic dosemeter for routine quality control of radio -graphic, fluoroscopic, mammographic, dental and CT X-rayinstallations, utilizing semiconductor detectors; hand-helddevice

L981815 NOMEXMultimeter

page

79

Miniaturized non-invasive measuring system for absolutedosimetry and quality control in X-ray diagnostic radiology

T10023 BNT UNIDOSwebline

T10022 TNC Universal T10021 M Dosemeter

page

13

High performance reference class dosemeter with integratednetwork features for universal use; chamber bias voltage supply ± (0 ... 400) V

142

page

13


143

Health Physics Dosemeter

T11007 CONNY II page

88

Diagnostic dosemeter for constancy tests of X-ray installa-tions for radiography, fluoroscopy and mammography, utiliz-ing a semiconductor detector

T11017 DIAMENTORM4-KDK

page

71

Patient dosemeter for simultaneous measurement of patiententrance dose and dose rate, and dose area product (DAP) during diagnostic X-ray examinations, utilizing a TV34044-1 DIAMENTOR KDK chamber

T11006 DIAMENTOR M4

page

71

Multifunctional dose area product (DAP) meter for patientdosimetry in diagnostic radiology, utilizing a TV34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamber

T11038AP DIAMENTORC2

page

72

Dual channel dose area product (DAP) meter for patient dosi me try in diagnostic radiology, utilizing a TA34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamber; with build-in printer

T11033 DIAMENTOR E2

page

72

Single channel dose area product (DAP) meter for patientdosimetry in diagnostic radiology, utilizing a TA34028-1 DIAMENTOR chamber

T11054 DIAMENTOR T11055 RS

page

73

Wireless dose area product (DAP) measuring system withintegrated standard B chamber

T11059 DIAMENTORT11058 C-RS

page

73

Compact wireless dose area product (DAP) measuring system

L981961 DIAMENTORCX

page

75

Compact dosemeter for dose area product (DAP) and DAP rate measurement in patient dosimetry during diagnosticexaminations with all-in-one chamber and electronics housing

L981196 DIAMENTORSet CI

page

74

Dose area product (DAP) measuring system for patient dosime-try with communication between single CAN components with chamber-integrated measuring electronics

L981197 DIAMENTORL981198 Set CM

page

74

Compact dose area product (DAP) measuring system for patientdosimetry with communication between single CAN components

T10023 BNT UNIDOSwebline

T10022 TNC Universal T10021 M Dosemeter

page

117

High performance reference class dosemeter with integratednetwork features for dosimetry in health physics; chamber bias voltage supply ± (0 ... 400) V

Guide to PTW SoftwareThis guide gives a review of the complete range of PTW software programs to be used in combination with PTW dosime-try and quality control equipment.

S080028 TanSoft page

14

Absolute dosimetry with the TANDEM dual channel dosemeter

Patient and Brachytherapy Dosimetry

S090004 VivoSoft page

31

Patient in-vivo dosimetry during external radiation treatmentwith the MULTIDOS / VIVODOS / VIVODOS E dosemeters

S090002 MultiSoft page

33

Patient in-vivo dosimetry during brachytherapy afterloadingtreatment with the MULTIDOS / VIVODOS dosemeters

S080045 MEPHYSTO mc2 page

38

Therapy beam data acquisition and data analysis with the TBA Therapy Beam Analyzers

Therapy Beam Analysis

BEAMSCAN Software page

37

Therapy beam data acquisition and data analysis, part of theBEAMSCAN System

Options page

38

Options LA48, MLCSoft, TPR, Film Analysis, Absolute Dosimetryand Planning Modules (plamo) for MEPHYSTO mc2

S100009 UniSoft Edition 2000

page

21

Absorbed dose to water calculation according to AAPM TG-51and IAEA TRS-398

Radiation Therapy

Absolute Dosimetry

S080052 PeakScan page

41

Measurement and analysis of the Bragg peak with the PEAKFINDER

Guide to PTW Software

144

Radiation Therapy

Quality Control

S080032 BeamAdjust page

59

QA software for online display of profiles acquired by differentPTW arrays

S070016 DAVID Software page

54

Measurement, evaluation and documentation of IMRT deliveries with the DAVID system

S070020 DIAMOND page

55

MU calculation software

S070009 VeriSoft page

55

IMRT patient plan verification, DVH 4D option available

S070011 MultiCheck page

59

LINAC quality control with the 2D ion chamber arrays

S070023 IsoCheck epid page

63

Determination of radiological rotational isocenters of LINACs byanalysing EPID images

S070019 IsoCheck Software page

65

Checks size and position of the isocenter by analysing starshotimages

S070017 QUICKCHECK Software page

61

LINAC constancy tests with the QUICKCHECKwebline constancytest device

S070027 Track-it page

62

Software for QA data tracking

S070028 DICOM RT StudioS070028.001

page

66

Integrated RT imaging solution

S070010 epidSoft page

64

Quality control of Electronic Portal Imaging Devices (EPID) usingthe EPID QC Phantom

145


Diagnostic Radiology

Quality Control

S030008 NOMEX Software page

79

Control of the NOMEX Multimeter and data handling incl. statistics and data export

Health Physics

S160003 BenchControl page

123

Controls FILTER WHEEL, X-RAY SHUTTER, CALIBRATION BENCH with motorized carriage and electrometer, readout temperature and pressure

S100009 UniSoft Edition 2000

page

21

Absorbed dose to water calculation according to AAPM TG-51and IAEA TRS-398


146

147

NotesRadiation Medicine: Notes

Product Index

Product Index

1 liter chamber 13110 liter chamber 1323 liter chamber 1183D chamber 15, 184D dose verification 5150 liter chamber 118

A Acrylic slab phantom 24Advanced Markus chamber 17Afterloading probe 32Al filter 83

B Barometer 22BeamAdjust 59BEAMSCAN 37Beta irradiator 127Bladder probe 32BLEEPER Sv Sw 116Böhm extrapolation chamber 132BQ-CHECK 60Bragg peak chamber 19Brass mini phantom 23BRONZE package 135Build-up cap 23

C Cable set 47Calibration bench 123Calibration phantom 32, 133Calibration service 134Camera monitoring system 129CATPHAN 94Centric cross 89CertificatesManager 129Chamber array 45, 51-54, 58Check device 22, 100CoMo 170 115CONNY II 88Contamination monitor 115CT dosimetry 81CT test object 94CTDI equipment 81Cu filter 83CURIEMENTOR 3 99CURIEMENTOR 4 99-100CURIEMENTOR accessories 101Cylinder phantom 105Cylinder stem chamber 130

D DAP meter 71-75DAP/Dose meter 71Densitometer 90Densoquick 2 90Detector holding device 44DIADOS 80DIADOS E 81Diagnostic Dosemeter 79-81, 88DIAMENTOR built-in solution 75DIAMENTOR C-RS 73DIAMENTOR C2 72DIAMENTOR CI 74DIAMENTOR CM 74DIAMENTOR CX 74DIAMENTOR E2 72DIAMENTOR M4 71DIAMENTOR M4-KDK 71DIAMENTOR RS 73Diamond detector 19DIAMOND software 55DIAVOLT 88DICOM RT Studio 66Diode 18, 30, 32DIODE MATE 31Dosimetry diode 18DVT test object 92Dynamic heart phantom 108

E Electron chamber 17Emission phantom 106EPID QC Phantom 64epidSoft 64ESTRO mini phantom 23Extension Cable 14Extrapolation chamber 132

F Farmer chamber 16FFF compensator 61FH 40 G-L10 115FIELDCHECK 60Film digitizer 46

Film measurement 90Filter set 124Filter wheel 124Flood phantom 108

G Gamma irradiator 125-127GOLD package 135

H Health physics dosemeter 117Heart phantom 108Hp(10) secondary standard chamber 133HVL measuring stand 83

I IGRT QC set 66Illuminance meter 89Image ruler 89IMRT phantom 57In-vivo dosemeter 29In-vivo probe 30Inhomogeneity phantom 57Interlocking system 129ISO calibration phantom 133Isocenter QA software 63, 65ISOCHECK 65IsoCheck 65IsoCheck epid 63Isotope calibrator 99-100

LLA48 45Label printer 76, 102Laser 129Lead absorber 101Lead shielding 101LINAC QC software 59LINACHECK 65Luminance meter 89

M MAM detector 82Mammo test object 93Markus chamber 17mAs meter 80, 87MAVO-SPOT 2 USB 89MAVOLUX 5032 C BASE 89Measuring stand 83MEPHYSTO mc2 38microDiamond 19Mini phantom 23Monitor chamber 129-130Monitor test device 65Monitoring system 128MP3 39MP3-M 40MP3-P 41MP3-P45 41MU calculation 55Multi channel dosemeter 30MultiCheck 59MULTIDOS 30MultiSoft 33

N NOMEX Dosemeter 79NOMEX mAs 80, 87NOMEX Multimeter 79, 87NORMI 13 91NORMI 3D 92NORMI MAM 93NORMI RAD/FLU 91

O OCTAVIUS 4D 51OCTAVIUS accessories 54OCTAVIUS Detector 1000 SRS 53OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 52-54OCTAVIUS Detector 1500 XDR 56OCTAVIUS Detector 729 52-54OCTAVIUS Detector 729 XDR 56OCTAVIUS I 52, 53OCTAVIUS II 53OCTAVIUS III 54

P PEAKFINDER 41Pediatric filter 76Personal dosemeter 116-117PET phantom 105-107PET system 100PET-CT phantom 107PinPoint chamber 18Positioning cart 109Power limitation 76

148

Product Page Product Page

149

Product Index

Product Index

Q QUICKCHECK webline 61

R R/F/D detector 82Radioactive check device 22, 100Rectum probe 32Rigid stem chamber 15Roos chamber 17RW3 slab phantom 24

SSC holding device 63SCANLIFT 40Scanning detector 45Semiflex chamber 15Sensi*C 90Sensitivity phantom 105Sensitometer 90Service contract 135SFD chamber 82SILVER package 135Slab phantom 21, 24Soft X-ray chamber 20Soft X-ray phantom 21SOURCECHECK 4π 33SPECT phantom 107Spherical chamber 131-132STARCHECK 58STARCHECK maxi 58STEP OD-01/OD-02 116Surveillance camera 129Survey meter 115-116

T T-REF chamber 20TANDEM 14TBA software 38Test pattern 94Thermo EPD Mk2 117Thermometer 22TK-30 chamber 131Track-it 62Trolley 46, 54TRUFIX 37, 44Tube support 124

U UNIDOS 13UNIDOS webline 13, 117UniSoft 21Universal Dosemeter 13, 117Universal gantry mount 63Universal mount 76

V Verification phantom 57Verification software 55VeriSoft 55VF irradiator 125-128VIVODOS 29VIVODOS E 29VivoSoft 31

W Water column 41Water phantom 24-25, 37, 39-43Waterproof Farmer chamber 16WEDGECHECK 62Well-type chamber 33, 99-100

X X-Check DSA 92X-ray leakage system 119X-RAY SHUTTER 124X-ray test object 91-94X-ray test pattern 94XLS 119

Product Page

Item # Page Item # Page Item # Page Item # Page

The item numbers of most of the detectors are without the leading letters indicating the connecting system. For information about the available connect-ing systems see the according product page.

150

Item Number Index

23342 2023343 1723344 2023361 13030009 8130010 1630012 1630013 1630016 1530017 8131010 1531013 1531014 1831015 1831021 1531022 1832002 13132003 13232005 13133005 3334001 1734013 2034014 12934045 1734060 8234069 8234070-2,5 1934073-2,5 1934091 2060004 8260005 8260016 1860017 1860018 1860019 1960020 18786 1297862 130E10101 13E21232 79-81E21271 33E21272 33L178048 102L178088 79, 87L381391 72L502078 72L502119 102L522020 106L522021 13, 117L522058 79, 87L651002 32L654003 22L654004 22L656004 46L659005 94L659035 94L659066 94L659093 94L659150 94L971001 100L981023 63L981024 61L981034 21L981035 21L981061 47L981062 47L981063 47L981069 42L981093 44L981094 44L981095 44L981097 66L981099 45L981108 99L981141 99L981142 99L981144 99L981150 44L981154 38L981155 38L981156 38L981160 39L981161 39L981162 39

L981163 39L981164 39L981165 39L981166 40L981167 40L981168 40L981182 42L981183 42L981185 41L981186 41L981194 124L981196 74L981197 74L981198 74L981199 42L981229 54L981233 41L981239 81L981246 91L981247 91L981249 72L981250 74L981251 75L981255 74L981257 41L981275 75L981282-X 123L981283-X 123L981284 123L981285 123L981286 123L981288 124L981289 124L981291 129L981293 124L981297 52L981298 53L981301 91L981302 91L981307 91L981309 91L981324 53L981377 58L981379 74L981386 56L981389 58L981391 102L981398 51L981403 41L981404 41L981407 90L981408 90L981423 41L981425 66L981426 93L981427 93L981429 51L981437 124L981438 51L981442 41L981449 52L981450 53L981451 54L981464 56L981465 53L981467 21L981473 91L981474 37L981475 37L981476 37L981491-X 123L981492 93L981494 93L981495 89L981528 73L981529 79-80, 87L981530 80, 87L981531 79, 87L981532 79L981533 79, 87L981538 31L981539 30L981540 30L981541 32

L981542 32L981543 32L981549 65L981551 72L981606 106L981811 88L981812 88L981813 88L981814 79, 87L981815 79, 87L981816 79L981819 88L981937 133L981938 133L981946 100L981956 83L981957 83L981961 75L981975 61L981976 61L981997 72L991017 117L991032 116L991096 71L991133 22L991204 105-106L991205 105L991211 108L991221 115L991222 115L991223 115L991224 115L991225 115L991237 22L991257 115L991282 116L991284 116L991288 116L991289 116L991294 117L991295 117L991298 129L991299 129L991323 129L991356 108L991359 107L991362 117L991382 115L991383 115L991385 22L991397 81L991422 79, 87L991433 129S020012 74S070009 55S070009.001 51, 55S070010 64S070011 59S070020 55S070020.001 55S070020.002 55S070020.003 55S070023 63S070027 62S070031 66S070031.001 66S070031.010 66S070031.011 66S080028 14S080032 59S080045 38S080045.001 38S080045.002 38, 45S080045.003 38S080045.004 38S080045.006 38S080054.002 37S090002 33S090004 31S100009 21S160004 129T10004 30T10008 13T10009 13

T10010 13T10011 14T10015 14T10016 14T10018 29T10021 13, 117T10022 13, 117T10023 13, 117T10028 29T10033.1.050 58T10033.1.150 58T10033.1.550 58T10037 14T10038 14T10039 14T11003 80T11003.1.020 13, 80T11006 71T11007 88T11017 71T11024 71T11025 71T11036 119T11038AP 72T11054 73T11055 73T11058 73T11059 73T16018 80-81T20002 82T20008 83T20008.1.020 83T20010 31T20016 79, 87T20017 79, 87T23237 130T23392 132T23392/U5 132T26002.1.001-10 14T26002.1.001-6 80-81T26005.1.002-10 14T26014.1.001-15 119T26014.1.001-20 119T26014.1.200-15 119T26014.1.200-20 119T26024-20 32T26076-6 79T26077-0,3 82T26078-0,3 82T26079-0,3 82T2954/K2-10 14T2967 24T2967/12 24T29672 24T31016.1.300 23T33003.1.110 101T33003.1.130 101T33003.1.132 101T33003.1.140 101T33005.1.020 33T34031 118T34060.1.050 82T34069.1.050 82T40009 133T40013 62T40016 81T40016.1.010 81T40017 81T40017.1.010 81T40020.1.010 57T40027 81T40027.1.050 81T40037 57T40042.1.010 54T40046 93T40052 60T40053 54T40054.1.015 54T40056.1.002 51T40056.1.003 51T40056.1.006 51T40056.1.007 51T40059 58T40063.1.002 51

Item Number Index

Item Number Index

T40063.1.003 51T40063.1.004 51T40064 23T41001 25T41007 133T41011 133T41013 44T41019 43T41020.1.001 43T41021.1.110 63T41021.1.150 63T41021.1.170 63T41021.1.210 63T41023 24T41025 43T41026.1.001 42T41026.1.100 42T41031 44

T42003 92T42003.1.006 92T42004 65T42024 93T42025 64T42030 60T42031.1.310 61T42031.1.320 61T42037 63T42038 92T43004.1.001 107T43004.1.011 107T43009.1.910 83T43010.1.001 89T43026 83T43033-MMXX 124T48001 131T48010 22

T48011 119T48012 22T60004 80-81T60005 80-81T60010EP-4 30T60010HP-4 30T60010L-4 30T60010MP-4 30T60010RO-4 30T7262 118T7262/U10-1.5 118T7262A 118T77336/U20 81T90003 123T90004 123T90012 124T90023 123T90024 123

T90025 123T9112 32T9113 32T99030 14TA34028-1 71-72TA34044-1 71TA34055-0 119TL30009 79TL30017 79TL34060 79TL34069 79TL60004 79TL60005 79TV34028-1 71TV34044-1 71

Item # Page Item # Page Item # Page Item # Page

151

Item Number Index

PTW-FreiburgPhysikalisch-Technische WerkstättenDr. Pychlau GmbHLörracher Straße 779115 Freiburg · GermanyPhone +49 761 49055-0Fax +49 761 [email protected]

PTW Dosimetría Iberia S. L.Calle Profesor Beltrán Báguena nº 4 - 312E46009 Valencia · Spain Phone +34 96 346 2854Fax +34 96 321 [email protected]

PTW-Asia Pacific Ltd.Workshop I on 11th FloorValiant Industrial CentreNos. 2-12 Au Pui Wan StreetFo Tan, New Territories · Hong KongPhone +852 2369 9234Fax +852 2369 [email protected] www.ptw-asiapacific.com

PTW-UK Ltd.Old School HouseStation Road EastGrantham LincolnshireNG31 6HX · United KingdomPhone: (+44) 1476 577503Fax: (+44) 1476 [email protected]

PTW-New York Corporation140 58th StreetSuite # 5H3Brooklyn, New York 11220 · USAPhone (1-516) 827 3181Fax (1-516) 827 [email protected]

PTW-Beijing LtdRoom 712, JinYiYe BuildingNo. 2 Sheng Gu Zhong Lu ChaoYang District100029 Beijing · P.R. of ChinaPhone +86 10 6443 0746Fax +86 10 6442 [email protected]

Headquarters

PTW-France SARL41 Chemin de la Cerisaie91620 La Ville du Bois · FrancePhone +33 1 64 49 98 58Fax +33 1 69 01 59 [email protected] www.ptw-france.com

PTW-Latin AmericaAv. Evandro Lins e Silva840 Sala 2018 · Barra da Tijuca22631-470 Rio de Janeiro-RJ · BrazilPhone +55 21 2178 2188Fax +55 21 2429 [email protected]

PTW Dosimetry India Pvt. Ltd.ACE Towers, 2nd Floor73/75 Dr Radhakrishnan Road · MylaporeChennai 600004 · IndiaPhone +91 44 42079999Fax +91 44 [email protected]

H E A LT H P H YS I C S N U C L E A R M E D I C I N E D I A G N O S T I C R A D I O L O G Y R A D I AT I O N T H E R A P Y

Dosimetry Pioneers since 1922.

It all started with a brilliant invention – the revolutionary Hammer dosemeter in 1922. Ingenuity coupled with German engineering know-how shaped the company’s history, leading to innovative dosimetry products that later became an industry standard. Over the years, PTW has maintained its pioneering spirit, growing into a global market leader of dosimetry and QA solutions well known for its product excellence and innovative strength. Today, PTW dosimetry is one of the first choices for healthcare professionals in radiation therapy, diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine and health physics.

For more information on PTW products visit www.ptw.de or contact your local PTW representative:

©PTW. All Rights Reserved. Due to continuous innovation, product specifications are subject to change without prior notice. Printing errors and omissions excepted. All trademarks mentioned in this document are the property of their respective owners. D587.211.00/09 2017-03

Radiation Medicine QA - Solutions 2017/2018PTW Freiburg’s production area, which in the very...

Documents

Transcript of Radiation Medicine QA - Solutions 2017/2018PTW Freiburg’s production area, which in the very...