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RNAVAircraft CapabilitiesTMA RNAV SIDs and STARsWaypointsTMA operations

Terrain clearanceLevel Categories DIRECT TO instructionRadar Vectoring and RNAV SIDs/STARsDefined by waypoints

Limitations of RNAV over 'conventional SIDs/STARsNot all aircraft are RNAV1 equippedAircraft capability has to be identified2 methods used to terminate STARs'Closed' STARs :uninterrupted RNAV nominal track to the final approach segment'Open' STARs :RNAV nominal track up to a waypoint abeam the final approach fix

RNAVTMA RNAV SIDs and STARsFactors affecting turn anticipation and recovery turnSpeedLevelAmount of turn between segmentsType of aircraft and System manufacturerRNAVWaypointRNAV 1 AIRCRAFT CAPABILITYLarge database SIDs/STARs loaded automatically & able to interpret coded SIDs/STARs Comprehensive pilot display requirementsDisplays a minimum of 10 waypointsTrack accuracy +/- 1 nm (95% of total flight time)'DIRECT TO' function required'Fly-by' and 'fly-over' capabilities required Parallel off-set not required Fully suitable for Terminal Control Area

RNAVAircraft CapabilitiesCATEGORIES OF LEVEL INFORMATION

Minimum Flight AltitudeCleared levelsLevel Restrictions

?RNAVTMA operationLevel Categories'DIRECT TO' instruction in the TMAAll RNAV 1 certified aircraft are able to execute 'DIRECT TO' waypointsATC could consider 'DIRECT TO' as an alternative to radar vectoring for RNAV 1 capable aircraftBy using 'DIRECT TO' instead of radar vectoring, RNAV 1 systems maintain 'distance to go' informationRNAV 'DIRECT TO' instructions are not radar vectorsRNAVTMA operationDIRECT TO instructionRADAR VECTORING & RNAV SIDs/STARsAircraft may require considerable manipulation of the RNAV system in order to resume a SID/STAR cancelled by ATC

Arrivals: If radar vectoring is initiated, ATC should consider continuing with radar vectoring until intercept of the final approach aidDepartures: If radar vectoring is initiated, ATC should consider:remaining with radar vectoring until the aircraft is in a position to join the en-route ATS route structure, or issuing a 'DIRECT TO' the last waypoint of the RNAV SIDRNAVTMA operationRadar Vectoring and RNAV SIDs/STARsTERRAIN CLEARANCEExisting responsibilities are not changed. It DOES NOT relieve:Pilots of their responsibility to ensure that any clearances are safe in respect to terrain clearanceAir Traffic Control (ATC) of its responsibility to assign levels which are at or above established minimum flight altitudesRNAVTMA operationTerrain clearanceInability to comply DIRECT TO instructionnavigation computer problemtoo close to waypoint specifiedangle of turn/speed too greatwaypoint not displayed on the Flight Management System (FMS) for pilot selectionwaypoint not part of SID/STARSID/STAR not assignedRNAVTMA operationDIRECT TO instruction'DIRECT TO' a waypoint which is part of the SID/STARThe pilot selects the waypoint in the FMSThe FMS and Navigation Display (ND) are updated maintaining details of the route from the 'DIRECT TO' waypoint onwardsThe aircraft continues with the SID/STAR after reaching the waypointThe aircraft is expected to meet level/speed restrictions if published, if the cleared level makes this possible'DIRECT TO' could shorten track miles impacting the aircraft's ability to meet level and speed restrictionsRNAVTMA operationDIRECT TO instruction'DIRECT TO' a waypoint which is not part of the SID/ STARIt takes time for the pilot to retrieve the waypoint from the databaseThe clearance for the SID/STAR is cancelled and previously loaded SID/STAR is dropped by the RNAV systemNo further routeing is maintained or displayedThe aircraft requires explicit routeing after the waypoint from ATCRNAV systems will revert to "present heading mode" after reaching the waypointRNAVTMA operationDIRECT TO instructionCONSTRAINTS OF 'DIRECT TO' INSTRUCTIONS IN THE TMAActive' waypoints dynamically updated As waypoints are passed, they are removed from the 'active' waypoints listThe aircraft can have considerable difficulty manoeuvring 'DIRECT TO' a waypoint which is considered by the RNAV system, to have been passed'DIRECT TO' should only be used for waypoints ahead of the aircraftRNAVTMA operationDIRECT TO instructionChecking if Aircraft able to accept a SID/STAR"ADVISE IF ABLE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL]If aircraft unable to accept ATC issued RNAV SID/STARUNABLE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL] DUE RNAV TYPE"If aircraft unable to continue on issued RNAV SID/STAR due to some failure or degradation of their RNAV systemUNABLE RNAV DUE EQUIPMENT"If ATC unable to issue requested RNAV SID/STAR"UNABLE TO ISSUE (designator) DEPARTURE [or ARRIVAL] DUE RNAV TYPE"

RNAVTMA operationRadiotelephony Phraseology for RNAV TMARNAV 5RNAV 14105NM1NMFUNCTIONSContinuous indication of aircraftrelativetotrack (ND)Display of distance/bearing toactive(TO) waypointDisplay of groundspeed or time toactive(TO) waypointMinimum number of waypoints storedPresent position - LAT/LONGAutopilot/Flight Director couplingAutomatic channel selection of NAVAIDSFailure indication of RNAV system andsensorsNavigational database'DIRECT TO' capabilityAutomatic leg sequencing and associatedturnanticipationTrack Accuracy (95% of flight time) Required RecommendedRNAVAircraft Capabilities

En-route & higher levelTMAs & lower levelImmediately after take-off

Higher levelsTMAs & lower levelRNAVTurn anticipationRecovery turnWaypoint