RADAR POLARIMETRY SAPHIR - Earth Online - ESA · RADAR POLARIMETRY TerraSAR – X Imaging Modes....

© E. Pottier, L. Ferro-Famil (01/2004)

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RADAR POLARIMETRYRADAR POLARIMETRY

POLARIMETRIC SPACEBORNE SAR SENSORS

ENVISAT / ASARESA (EU)

2002C-Band (Sngl / Twin)

HH, VV, (HH,VV),(HH,HV), (HV,VV)

SIR-CNASA / JPL (USA)

April 1994 (10 days)October 1994 (10 days)

L, C-Band (Quad)

ALOS / PALSARNASDA / JAROS (J)

2004L-Band

HH,VV, (HH,HV), (VV,VH)TERRASAR

BMBF / DLR / ASTRIUM2007

X-Band (Twin)(HH,VV), (HH,HV), (HV,VV)

L-Band (Quad)RADARSAT 2

CSA / MDA (CA)2005

C-Band (Quad)


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BONANZA CREEK (USA) LAMANCHA (S)

DEATH VALLEY (USA) OETZTAL (AUT)

KILAUEA CRATER (USA)


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SRTM / X-SAR

February 2000Single Pol Channel

SRTM: X-SARSpatial Resolution: 1 Arc Sec = 30m

Height Accuracy : 6-10 m

GTOP-030Spatial Resolution: 30 Arc Sec = 1km

Height Accuracy : 100 m – 500 m


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SRTM/X-SAR Image of Volcano Koma-ga-Take, Hokkaido


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SRTM/X-SAR Image of Mount Kotopaxi


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ENVISAT - ASAR


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ENVISAT - ASAR

Most ambitious Remote Sensing satellitefor environmental monitoring

Unique combination of 10 remote sensingInstruments

ASAR will ensure the continuation of the successful ERS-1/2 program


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ENVISAT - ASAR

ASAR AntennaENVISAT Integration

Twin - Pol

(HH,VV), (HH,HV), (HV,VV)

ASAR TR Modules


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ENVISAT – ASAR – MERIS


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ENVISAT - ASARBRETAGNE

Instrument: (ASAR)

Date of Acquisitions: 5 October 200320 December 200322 February 2004

Instrument features:Image Mode Precision (150 m resolution)

ASAR Mode: Image Swath 2

Orbit Direction: Descending Orbit number: 04249

ASAR Polarization: V/V

Coordinates: NW Lat/Long: N 50.42 / W 3.37 NE Lat/Long: N 49.56 / E 2.23 SE Lat/Long: N 46.22 / E 1.07 SW Lat/Long: N 47.06 / W 4.19


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ENVISAT - ASARBARCELONA

Instrument: (ASAR)

Date of Acquisitions: 19 February 200417 October 200319 June 2003

Instrument features:Image Mode Precision (30 m resolution)

ASAR Mode: Image Swath 2

Orbit Direction: Descending Orbit number: 10318, 03304, 06811

ASAR Polarization: V/V

Coordinates: NE Lat/Long: N 41.81 / E 2.64 NW Lat/Long: N 41.81 / E 1.70 SW Lat/Long: N 41.03 / E 1.70 SE Lat/Long: N 41.03 / E 2.64


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ALOS - PALSAR

ALOS : Advanced Land Observing SatellitePALSAR : Phase Array L-Band SAR


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ALOS - PALSAR

Launch Date June 2004Launch Vehicle H-IIASpacecraft Mass 4,000kgGenerated Power 7kW

Orbit 691.65kmSun Synchronous

Repeat Cycle(Sub-Cycle)

46 days( 2 days )

PRISM AVNIR-2

PALSAR

Data RelayAntenna

Solar Array

Star Tracker

GPS Antenna

Flight Direct io

nEarth

PRISM : Panchromatic Remote Sensing Instruments for Stereo Mapping AVNIR-2: Advanced Visible and Near Infrared Radiometer type 2 PALSAR: Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

ALOS Satellite SystemALOS Satellite System


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ALOS Parameters

Launch Date June 2004Type Sun -Synchronous Sub -recurrentLocal Time at DN 10:30 AM ± 15min.Altitude 691.65kmInclination 98.16 degreesRevolutions per day 14+27/46Period 98.7 minutesLongitude Repeatability +/ -2.5km (above equator)Max. operation period 70 minutes per orbitData collection 1 DRTS +direct transmissionYaw steering Selective ON/ OFFAttitude error each axis 0.4e -4°(determination),

0.1 °(maintenance)


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PALSAR Characteristics

Band widthPulse widthSampling frequencyPRFObservation sideTrans. peak powerNo. of TR modulesNo. of antenna beamsSTCDataAGC/MGCMGCSTCCenter frequencyChirpData ratePRF changes per orbitPeriod of AGC mon.polarizationsNumber of modes

28.0/14.0MHz27.0/16.0µs (full pol mode)32.0/16.0MHz1500~2500 HzRight hand side of the moving dir.2 kW8018+5 (Scan SAR)selective(0-7 dB in STC ON)I+Q with 5/3 bitsselective0-44dB0-7dB1270MHz(L -band)Down chirp (Digital)240/120Mbps7 times in a half orbitEvery 32 pulsesHH, VV, HH+HV, VV+VH, full pol.132


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PALSAR Modes

High ResolutionModeSingle

PolarizationDual

Polarization

DirectDownlink

SCANSAR Polarimery

Frequency L band (1270MHz)Chirp

Bandwidth28MHz 14MHz 14MHz 14/28MHz 14MHz

Polarization HH or VV HH/HV orVV/VH

HH or VV HH or VV HH/HV+VV/VH

IncidenceAngle

8-60deg(typ 39deg)

8-60deg(typ 39deg)

8-60deg(typ 39deg)

18-43deg 8-30deg(typ 24deg)

RangeResolution

7-44m10m@39deg

14-88m20m@39deg

14-88m20m@39deg

100m(Multi-look)

24-89m30m@24deg

Swath Width 40-70km 40-70km 40-70km 250-350km 20-65kmBit Length 5 bits 5 bits 3/5 bits 5 bits 3/5 bitsData Rate 240Mbps 240Mbps 120Mbps 120/240Mbps 240Mbps

Note : Red underlined modes are the most operational.


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PALSAR Imaging Modes

PALSAR Observation GeometryPALSAR Observation Geometry

Off-nadir : 9.9 deg. - 50.8 deg.(nominal operation : 34.3 deg.)

#1

#18

#1

#5

350km

Off-nadir : 20.1 deg. - 36.5 deg.

870km

90 kmIncident : 8 deg. - 60 deg.

Fine mode ( #1 - #18)Direct downlink mode ( #1 - #18)Polarimetric mode ( #1 - #12)

ScanSAR mode (3scans - 5scans)

380 km70km

Sub-satellite track


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RADARSAT - 2


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RADARSAT - 2

Orbit ParametersRADARSAT-2 will operate in an orbit identical as RADARSAT-1 except for an offset in time


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RADARSAT - 2

Imaging Modes

Beam Mode SwathWidth(nominal)

Range ofIncidenceAngles (?)

ApproximateResolutionGrd Rg x Az

Standard 100 km 20-49 25 x 28 mWide 150 km 20-45 25 x 28 mLow Incidence 170 km 10-23 40 x 28 mHigh Incidence 70 km 50-60 20 x 28 mFine 50 km 37-49 10 x 9 mScanSAR Wide 500 km 20-46 100 x 100 m

Selective Polarization

Transmit H or VReceive H or V or(H and V)

ScanSAR Narrow 300 km 20-49 50 x 50 m

Standard Quad-Pol

25 km 20-41 25 x 28 mPolarimetricTransmit H and V onalternate pulsesReceive H and V onevery pulse

Fine Quad-Pol 25 km 20-41 11 x 9 m

Multi-Look Fine 50 km 30-40 11 x 9 mSelective SinglePolarizationTransmit H or VReceive H or V Ultra-fine 20 km 30-50 3 x 3 m


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RADARSAT - 2

Imaging Modes


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TerraSAR – Missions

TerraSAR – XTwin - Pol

(HH,VV), (HH,HV), (HV,VV)

TerraSAR – LQuad - Pol


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TerraSAR – X

Center Frequency: 9.65 GHz (X-Band)Transmit Bandwidth: 5 ... 150 MHz nominal; 300 MHz experimentalTR Module RF Output Power: 38.5 dBm nominal; 39.0 dBm max.Nominal Radar Duty Cycle: 18 % nominal; 20 % max.Radiated peak power output: 2260 WSystem Noise Figure: 5 dBQuantization of Signal: 8 bit I / 8 bit QSAR Data Compression: online BAQPulse Repetition Frequency Range: 3 ... 6.5 kHzPolarization: HH / VV / HV / VH

Antenna Dimension Azimuth: 4.784 m Elevation: 0.704 m

Beamwidth (uniform excitation) Azimuth: 0.33° Elevation: 2.3°Scan Angle Azimuth: ± 0.75° Elevation: ± 19.2°


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TerraSAR – X Imaging Modes

Flight direction

Nadir Track

45°

20°

SwathWidth100 km

Scan SAR Mode

Flight direction

Nadir Track

45°

20°

SwathWidth100 km

Scan SAR Mode Spotlight ModeSpotlight ModeStrip Map ModeStrip Map ModeResolution: 3 m ? 1,5 m ... 3Scene Size: 100 km ?Resolution: 3 m ? 1,5 m ... 3Scene Size: 100 km ?

Resolution: 1 m ? 1,5 m ... 3Scene Size: 5 km...10 km ?Resolution: 1 m ? 1,5 m ... 3Scene Size: 5 km...10 km ?

,5 m100 km

,5 m100 km

,5 m10 km,5 m10 km

Resolution: 3 m ? 1,5 m ... 3Scene Size: 100 km ?Resolution: 3 m ? 1,5 m ... 3Scene Size: 100 km ?

,5 m30 km

,5 m30 km

• The data collection incidence angle range is from 15° to 60°• Dual polarisation data acquisition is possible in all operational modes• 300 MHz experimental mode with 0.5 m slant range • Further experimental modes are feasible due to the Dual Receiving Antenna


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The Future

CartWheel (D. Massonet CNES)


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The Future

Courtesy of Pr W.M. Boerner


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The Future

I.S.S International Space Station

RADAR POLARIMETRY SAPHIR - Earth Online - ESA · RADAR POLARIMETRY TerraSAR – X Imaging Modes....

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