By: Kristine Joy Sangalang

RACIAL AND ETHNIC INEQUALITY

RACE

A socially constructed category of people who share biologically transmitted traits that a society defines as important.

ETHNICITY

A shared cultural heritage, which typically involves common ancestors, language and religion.

MINORITIES

Any category of people, identified to be physical or cultural traits, that a society subjects to disadvantages.

Can either be racial or ethnic Lesser number of population in a certain

place

Main Ethnic Groups POPULATION

Cebuano 33 Million

Tagalog 20.93 Million

Hiligaynon 10.06 Million

Central Bicolano 5.5 Million

Waray 4.4 Million

Kapampangan 3.6 Million

Albay Bicolano 3.1 Million

Pangasinan 2.6 Million

Malay 2.2 Million

Maranao 2.09 Million

Maguindano 2.07 Million

Tausug 2.02 Million

Min Nan Chinese 1.3 Million

Masbateno 1.1 Million

Source: National Statics Office 2010

RELIGION POPULATION

Roman Catholic 81%

Muslims 5 %

Others 4%

Source : National Stastistics Office 2010

Patterns of Majority- Minority Interaction

1. GENOCIDESystematic killing of

one category of people by another.

2. SEGREGATIONThe physical and

social separation of categories of

people

Patterns of Majority- Minority Interaction

3. ASSIMILATIONThe process by which the

minorities gradually adopt cultural patterns

from the dominant majority population.

4. PLURALISMA state in which people

of all racial and ethnic categories have about

the same overall social standing

PREJUDICE

Consists of rigid prejudgments about some category of people.

Unfounded generalization about an entire category of people.

Types of Prejudice

STEREOTYPE

An exaggerated description applied to

every person in some category

Types of Prejudice

RACISMThe assertion

that people of one race

are less worthy than

or even biologically inferior to others.

• INSTITUTIONAL RACISM Occurs in workplace in the

operation of social institutions, including

economy, schools, hospitals, the military and the criminal

justice system.

Types of Prejudice

DiscriminationUnequal treatment of various

categories of people. Institutional DiscriminationIs a bias built into the

operation of the economy in legal system or other social institution.

Ex: US Law prior to 1954 required black and white children to attend separate school.

Article III – Section I Bill of Rights“No person shall be deprived of life,

liberty, or property without due process of law, nor shall any person be denied

the equal protection of the laws.”

Anti-Ethnic or Racial Profiling and Discrimination Act of 2011

AN ACT PROHIBITING PROFILING AS WELL AS DISCRIMINATION AGAINST PERSONS ON ACCOUNT OF ETHNIC OR RACIAL ORIGIN AND/OR RELIGIOUS AFFILIATION OR BELIEF

Racism to Filipino Muslims 5% or 4.93 million of the Population of the

Philippines are Muslims. 60% of the Muslim population said they are

being discriminated by other Filipinos according to their appearance and religious affair.

20% said they were bullied in class. 30% said they weren’t accepted to jobs

because of their religious beliefSource: Ateneo De Manila University,

Current Issues in Filipino Muslims

Racism to Ethnic Groups

60% of Ethnic Tribe Graduates are not accepted to job because of their ethnicity Most of the graduates are teachers They go back to their local province to

teach 80% of minorities are deprived of proper

education, job, health and shelter. 60% are out of school youth 3% Finish CollegeSource: National Commission on Indigenous people

The survey asked respondents what types of people they would refuse to live next to, and counted how many chose the option ‘people of a different race’ as a percentage for each country. Up to an astonishing 39.9% of Filipinos would refuse to live next to people of different race according to the study.

THE LEAST RACIALLY TOLERANT COUNTRIES

40% + (of individuals surveyed would not want a person of another race as a neighbour)India, Jordan

30 - 39.9%Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Vietnam, Indonesia, South Korea

20 - 39.9% France, Turkey, Bulgaria, Algeria, Morocco, Mali, Zambia, Thailand, Malaysia, The Philippines, Bangladesh, Hong Kong

THE MOST TOLERANT COUNTRIES

0 to 4.9%United States, Canada, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Guatemala, Britain, Sweden, Norway, Latvia, Australia, New Zealand

5 - 9.9%Chile, Peru, Mexico, Spain, Germany, Belgium, Belarus, Croatia, Japan, Pakistan, South Africa

10 - 14.9%Finland, Poland, Ukraine, Italy, Greece, Czech Republic, Slovakia

15 - 19.9%Venezuela, Hungary, Serbia, Romania, Macedonia, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Russia, China

Source: World Values Survey 2014

Theoritical Analysis: Understanding Racial and Ethnic Inequality

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONAL APPROACH Explains ethnic and racial inequality in

terms of cultural values. The “Culture of poverty” theory developed

by Oscar Lewis claims that minorities develop a fatalistic cultural outlook that leads to a sense of hopelessness and low self esteem.

Theoritical Analysis: Understanding Racial and Ethnic Inequality

SYMBOLIC INTERACTION APPROACH Highlights how race often operates as a

master status in everyday interaction. W.E.B. Dubois claimed that US society

makes whites standards by which others should be measure, and in so doing, devalues any person of color.

Theoritical Analysis: Understanding Racial and Ethnic Inequality

SOCIAL CONFLICT APPROACH Highlights how racial and ethnic inequality

is built into the structure of society. Marxist theory argues that elites encourage

racial and ethnic divisions as a strategy to weaken the working class.