Agent factors

• Lyssavirustype 1 RNA virus

• Source of infection is through the saliva of a rabid animal

Host factors

• All warm blooded animals re susceptible to the virus

Rabies in man is called HydroPhobia

The disease begins with Headache,malaise,sore throat and slight fever.

80% cases complain with tingling at the site of bite

This stage is referred as Prodromal stage

The prodromal stage is then followed by a widespread excitation stage and stimulation of

nervous system ( first the sensory system,motorsystem,sympathetic system and mental system

The patient gets intolerant to noise,brightlight,cold draught of air

Aerophobia is present:pathognomic feature

Fanning of air across the face produces violent spasm of pharyngeal and neck muscles.

Increased reflexes present

Dilated pupil present

Increased perspiration, salivation and lacrimationpresent

Mental changes include fear of death,anger,irritability and depression

On the basis of history of bite by a rabid animal

Based on signs and symptoms

Antigen detection using Immunoflouroscence of skin

biopsy

Virus isolation from Saliva

Isolate the patient in a quiet room

Keep him away from external stimuli such as bright light, noise,air etc

Relieve anxiety and pain by giving sedatives

Ensure hydration and diuresis

Respiratory support and cardiac support may be

given

Post exposure prophylaxis

Pre exposure prophylaxis

Post exposure treatment of persons who have been vaccinated previously

The main aim is to neutralize the virus before it reached to

nervous system

Local treatment of wound

Cleansing:

Immediate flusing with plenty of soap and water for atleast 15

minutes

Chemical treatment

After cleansing irrigate the wound with

virucidal agent like alcohol ,tincture iodine

or povidone

Antibiotics and anti tetanus measure

Neural vaccine

Semple vaccine

Beta propionilactone

vaccine

Suckling mouse brain vaccine

Non neural vaccine

Embryonatedegg based

vaccine

Purified cell culture vaccine

• I generation

• II generation