1

Brueninghaus Hydromatik

RA 90220/08.97

RA90220/08.97

replaces 05.93

Hydraulic Fluids on a PetroleumOil Basis for Axial Piston Units

GeneralIn order to guarantee trouble-free and efficient operation, thehydraulic fluid in a hydrostatic system should be selected carefullyaccording to the following points in mind during the design of thesystem. If all requirements cannot be met, i.e. for reasons of price,each application must be considered individually.

Energy TransferAll petroleum fluids (even those containing air) transfer energy and

pressures quickly (by means of high velocity sound ) althoughthis is cushioned by the favourable damping factor . Fluids of lowviscosity, be it by nature or through increased temperature, have ahigher compressibility, thus making the system softer.Large volumes of fluid, hoses and undissolved gases (in accumu-lators) also decrease system stiffness.The question as to whether to employ a system which is stiff andwhich will transmit forces accurately but which will put heavystresses on materials, or to use a soft system which yields andprotects materials but which may also lead to oscillations occurring,is not normally decided from the physical data of the fluid.

The compressibility of the installation must be consideredand suitable steps taken to accommodate it.

Dynamic AttitudeThe viscosity or viscosity-temperature ratio (viscosity index)are of primary importance as are the viscosity-pressurerelationship , the density and the pour point .Higher viscosities (thicker fluids) deteriorate the mechanical-hydraulic efficiency. The leakage losses are instead smaller.

The following adverse results are:When the pressure is low, bearing clearances are not fully filledcausing considerable wear to occur. On the suction side, fillinglosses occur which cause cavitation damage due to implosionoccurring.

If the viscosity is too low, higher leakages will occur and thinnerfluids films lead to higher bearing wear.

In contrast to water, the viscosity of petroleum fluids falls with rising

temperature (dependent upon the viscosity index) . This makesselection of fluid difficult.

Dependent upon the application, the following criteria must also betaken into consideration:

The design of the hydraulic pumps and motors:In conjunction to the normal EP additives in the fluid, the closetolerances to which our units are manufactured permit very lowviscosity fluids to be used.

The type of installation and the duty it must perform:Friction losses in the pipelines, natural heat dissipation andadditional cooling output interact with the operating data.

Viscosity is always measured at normal pressure (atmosphericpressure). In the high pressure range, the viscosity-pressurerelationship leads to increased viscosity (double at 5800 psi [400bar]), which must be taken into consideration.

For a short time while starting, a high viscosity is permissible. Thismust be low enough to prevent damage to the unit.Depending on the product resp. the sizes the following max. valuesare valid:I : νstart ≤ 7400 SUS (1600 mm2/s),

at min. perm. temperature of tmin = - 40°F (- 40°C),

II : νstart ≤ 4600 SUS (1000 mm2/s),

at min. perm. temperature of tmin = - 13° F (- 25°C).

(see selection diagram, page 3)

In the operating range a fully functional operating viscosity must beguaranteed at 100% duty.

νoperating = 80...460 SUS (16…100 mm2/s).

The optimum operating range gives the highest degree of efficiencyand economy at:

νopt = 80...170 SUS (16…36 mm2/s).

For this reason, systems with high operating pressures require higherviscosity and systems with large flows lower viscosity. In certain casesthe viscosity has to be chosen on an overall loading pattern.

In addition, marginal lubrication limits the lower permissible viscositydepending on the product resp. the sizes to (short term):

I : νmin ≥ 42 SUS (5 mm2/s),

at max. perm. temperature of tmax = + 240°F (+ 115°C)

II : νmin ≥ 60 SUS (10 mm2/s),

at max. perm. temperature of tmax = + 195°F (+ 90°C)

(see selection diagram, page 3).

In order to simplify selection, different viscosity grades have beencreated. The identifying code relates to average viscosity in

mm2/s at 104°F (40°C) . Viscosity grades (VG) 22 to 100 are inmost common use.

VG 22 (A): for arctic conditions or for extremely longpipelines

VG 32 (W): for winter conditionsVG 46 (S): for summer conditions

orfor enclosed areas

VG 68 (T): for tropical conditions or for areas with hightemperatures

VG 100 (U): for excessively high temperatures

Hydraulic fluids with a higher viscosity index (VI>140) so-calledHVLP fluids and multi grade engine fluids are particularly suitablefor larger temperature ranges (mobile applications).Mixing viscosities are possible, but please consult us.

For very low ambient temperatures, the pour point must also begiven consideration.

Selection of viscosity grade is made on the basis of startingviscosity with ambient temperature (consider pour point wherenecessary) and optimum operating viscosity according tosystem and operating data (collective load) see page 3.

RA 90 220/08.97

2

Hydraulic fluids on a petroleum oil basis for axial piston units

Wear ReductionPressure-wear relationship is generally determined by FZG test (pressure ratings 0-3) and in special cases by a pump test.Pressure grading is according to DIN nominal pressures .

Pressure rating 0Nominal pressure 1160-1810 psi (80-125 bar),damage force rating zero or < 5.Pressure rating 1Nominal pressure 1810-2900 psi (125-200 bar),damage force rating 5 - 6.Pressure rating 2Nominal pressure 2900-3600 psi (200-250 bar),damage force rating 7 - 9Pressure rating 3Nominal pressure 3600-4640 psi (250-320 bar),damage force rating 10 (wear < 0.27 mg/kWh)

Peak pressure is pressure x 1,25.Pressure ratings 1 and 2 correspond to HL fluids.

Pressure rating 3 corresponds to HLP fluids .

AIRWhen commissioning the system, it must be ensured that no airpockets remain. All fluid is saturated with air dependent upon its

normal pressure .When subject to negative pressure, this air is released, or furtherair sucked in via leakage points. Cavitation (implosion of thebubbles) can occur in the negative pressure zone, and loss ofcompression (and explosion of the air fluid mixture i.e. diesel effect)in the high pressure zone. The effect is erosion of material.Suitable reservoir design, with de-aerating valves can graduallyreduce this air content. A good air separation characteristic (LAV)

thicker fluids are naturally poorer - is a prime requirement. Antifoam additives only prevent surface foam and reduce air separa-tion by allowing small bubbles to remain.Prevent erosion damage by means of de-aerating valves.

FiltrationThe finer the filtration the better the achieved purity grade of thepressure fluid and the longer the life of the axial piston unit. Toensure the functioning of the axial piston unit a minimum puritygrade of:

9 to NAS 16386 to SAE18/15 to ISO/DIS 4406 is necessary.

In this case we recommend, depending on system and application

filter element β20 ≥ 100.

With the rising differential pressure at the filter element the β-valuemust not decrease.

At very high temperatures of the hydraulic fluid (195°F to max.240°F / 90°C to max. 115°C) at least cleanless class

8 to NAS 16385 to SAE17/14 to ISO/DIS 4406 is necessary.

Interaction with System ComponentsCORROSIONAnti-corrosion additives protect the components during storageor operation from condensation or water from leaking coolers.Corrosion is intensified due to acid formation resulting fromoxidization processes (diesel effect). Petroleum fluids withoutthese corrosion inhibitors do not offer satisfactory protection. Onlarge systems which are continuously monitored, it is of advantageto use demulsifying fluid with good water eliminating charac-teristics . Water can be drained from the sump.On smaller systems (mobile applications, for example) wheremonitoring is infrequent, emulsifying fluid with additives (e.g.engine fluid) is more suitable.Only use fluids with corrosion protection.

SEALSChanges in hardness or volume should be kept to a minimumby selecting compatible of fluid .At temperatures above 176°F (80°C) FPM seals (specially for theshaft seal) are recommended.

Compatibility with the seal material must be considered.

Operating Conditions and Aging of FluidIncreases of the acid level (neutralization number) andpolymerization (resinification , clogging of filters and throttles)results mainly from the diesel effect. An exact indication of agingmay be determined for example by comparing the neutralizationnumber, viscosity and colour number. A further possibility is todetermine the additive reserve (EP additives).The best quality basic refined fluid gives a good starting point. It is,however, necessary to add oxidization inhibitors to the fluid.Operating temperatures over 176°F (80°C) reduce the service lifeby half for every 50°F (10°C) temperature increase, and shouldtherefore be avoided. Operating of 4000 to 8000 hours dependentupon the type of unit (based on 2900 psi / 200 bar) can easily beachieved for units with a recycling time for the fluid content ofat least 1 minute and good filing and bleed characteristics.For applications with little fluid volumes, e.g. mobile applications,the first fluid change must be carried out after 300-500 hours.With large fluid volumes, e.g. in industrial applications, a regularsurvey of the fluid as well as an exchange of fluid in case of needhas to be effected.

RA 90 220/08.97

3

Hydraulic fluids on a petroleum oil basis for axial piston units

Selection of FluidsAll petroleum oil based fluids are suitable to a greater or lesserdegree for applications with axial piston units. Their basicclassification of application results from what has already beensaid due to the water, viscosity and temperature relationships, withconsideration of oxidization and corrosion protection, materialcompatibility, air and water separation characteristics.

Fluid Classification:

Standard:

– Fluids types HLP and HVLP to DIN 51524, parts 2 and 3 – HD engine fluids to API-SF or CD resp. MIL-L-2104 C and

MIL-L-46152 B

– ATF fluids

Special fluids:– Aviation fluids

– Marine fluids

– Lubricating fluids

Environmentally acceptable hydraulic fluids HETG, HEPG,HEES for axial piston units see RA 90221.

Axial piston units for use with HF-fluids see RA 90223.

The following fluids are particularly suitable for mobile applica-tions:Multi-grade fluids (hydraulic and engine fluids),HLP fluids with detergent properties,ATF fluids.

Selection DiagramA = for arctic conditions or for extremely long pipelinesW = for winter conditions in Central EuropeS = for summer conditions in Central Europe or for enclosed areasT = for tropical conditions or for areas with high temperaturesU = for excessively high temperatures (e.g. due to internal combustion engines)

1) Depending on the product resp. the sizes the following viscosity ranges are valid:I : 42 SUS (tmax = +240°F) … 7400 SUS (tmin = -40°F) / 5 mm2/s (tmax = +115° C) … 1600 mm2/s (tmin = - 40° C),

II : 60 SUS (tmax = +195°F) … 4600 SUS (tmin = -13°F) / 10 mm2/s (tmax = +90° C) … 1000 mm2/s (tmin = - 25° C)

(Please find the max. permissible viscosity range in the catalogue sheets of the singular products)

I

II

A W S T U

VG 22

VG 32

VG 46

VG 68

VG 100

ν opt

.

optim

um o

pera

ting

visc

osity

rang

eop

timum

effi

cien

cy

80 (16)

170 (36)

(0°) (20°) (40°) (60°) (80°) (100°)(-40°) (-20°)

42 (5)

60 (10)

7400 (1600)4600 (1000)

visc

osity

v S

US

(mm

2 /s)

fluid temperature rangetmin = -40°F(-40°C)

tmax = +240°F(+115°C)

temperature t in °F (°C)

min. perm. viscosity (short term) 1)

min. perm. viscosity (short term) 1)

max. perm. viscosity (short term) 1)max. perm. viscosity (short term) 1)

(-40°) (-25°) (-10°) (0°) (10°) (30°) (50°) (70°) (90°) (115°)

-40° -13° 120°0° 20° 40° 60° 80° 160° 195° 240°

(1600)(1000)

(600)(400)

(200)

(100)

(60)

(40)

(20)

(10)

(5)

7000500030002000

1000

500

300

150200

100

8070

60

50

40

RA 90 220/08.97

4

Hydraulic fluids on a petroleum oil basis for axial piston units

Physical Formulae

Velocity of sound in petroleum oil c = 1320 m/s

Compressibility factor β (Bulk modulus)∆V 1

β = = 3 to 8 • 10–5

V • ∆p bar

Viscosity-temperature characteristic U1 – U2

Gradient n = where U = ar sinh ln ν2,303 (lg T2 – lg T1)

Viscosity index VI (Calculation to DIN ISO 2909)

Viscosity-pressure characteristic (dynamic viscosity η)ηp = ηo • e α • p (p in bar) mPa • sα 20° C = 0,00240 bar–1

α 50° C = 0,00205 bar–1

α 100°C = 0,00147 bar–1

(after: “Druckflüssigkeiten” (Fluids)by Dipl. Ing. Horst Dietterle, The Shell Organisation)

Bunsen-Coefficient for air in petroleum oil ≈ 0,09p2VL ≈ 0,09 • Voil • p1

VL = Volume of air dissolved in oil in cm3

Voil = Oil volume in cm3

p2 = Final pressure in barp1 = Start pressure in bar

Recycling ratioqVi = rpm

Vsystem

This is the reciprocal of the recycling time

qV in L/min (pump flow)V in L (oil content of the system)

Measuring Techniques and Standards

Kinematic viscosity in mm2/sTypically measured with an"Ubbelohde" viscosity meter to DIN 51562

Density at 15° C in g/cm3

with an areometer to DIN 51757

Viscosity index (VI) DIN ISO 2909

For HLP-fluids DIN 51524 part 2For HVLP-fluids DIN 51524 part 3

Viscosity classification (to ISO) DIN 51519

Pourpoint (on attaining liquid limit,at 3° C higher than solidifying point) DIN ISO 3016

FZG standard test A/8, 3/90(Gears loaded in 12 stagesat 90° C starting temperatureand 8,3 m/s circumferential speed) DIN 51354 part 2

Pressures - terms - ratings DIN 24312

Air elimation characteristic DIN 51381

Corrosion protection of steel(process A) DIN 51585Corrosion protection of copper DIN 51759

Demulsifying characteristics DIN 51599Water content DIN ISO 3733

Compatibility with seal materials DIN 53538 part 1in combination with DIN 53521

and DIN 53505

mg KOHNeutralization number in DIN 51558 part 1

g

Conradson test DIN 51551

ATF (Automatic-Transmission-Fluid) AQ A Suffix A

Aviation fluids MIL-H-5606 ANato-H-515

Marine fluids Nato-H-540

Lubricating oils DIN 51517 sheet 3

Mannesmann Rexroth Corporation Rexroth Hydraulics Div., Industrial, 2315 City Line Road, Bethlehem, PA 18017-2131 Tel. (610) 694-8300 Fax: (610) 694-8467Rexroth Hydraulics Div., Mobile, 1700 Old Mansfield Road, Wooster, OH 44691-0394 Tel. (330) 263-3400 Fax: (330) 263-3333

All rights reserved – Subject to revisionPrinted in U.S.A.

Brueninghaus Hydromatik

RE 90220-1/07.97

RE90220-1/09.97

replaces 07.97

ADDINOL Hydrauliköl Hydrauliköl Hydrauliköl Hydrauliköl HydraulikölHLP 22 HLP32 HLP 46 HLP 68 HLP 100

Hydrauliköl Hydrauliköl HydraulikölHVLP 32 HVLP 46 HVLP 32

AGIP OSO 22 OSO 32 OSO 46 OSO 68 OSO 100

ARNICA 22 ARNICA 32 ARNICA 46 ARNICA 68Precis Precis H Lift 46 Precis PrecisHLP 22 HLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68

ARAL Aral Aral Aral Aral AralVitam Vitam Vitam Vitam VitamGF 22 GF 32 GF 46 GF 68 GF 100

Aral AralVitam VitamHF 32 HF 46

AVIA AVILUB AVILUB AVILUB AVILUB AVILUBRSL 22 RSL 32 RSL 46 RSL 68 RSL 100

AVILUB AVILUB AVILUBHVI 32 HVI 46 HVI 68

Avia FluidZAD 46

BP Energol Energol Energol Energol EnergolHLP 22 HLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68 HLP 100

Bartran Bartran BartranHV 32 HV 46 HV 68

Bartran Bartran Bartran BartranHVX 22 HVX 32 HVX 46 HVX 68

Bucher & CIE COREX COREX COREX COREX COREXMotorex AG HLP 22 HLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68 HLP 100

COREX COREX COREXEP VI 360 EP VI 510 EP VI 610

CASTROL HYSPIN HYSPIN HYSPIN HYSPIN HYSPINAWS 22 AWS 32 AWS 46 AWS 68 AWS 100

HYSPIN HYSPIN HYSPINAWH 32 AWH 46 AWH 68

CHEVRON Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic Oil Hydraulic OilAW 22 AW 32 AW 46 AW 68 AW 100

Mechanism Mechanism MechanismLPS 32 LPS 46 LPS 68

COFRAN Cofraline Cofraline Cofraline Cofraline Cofralineextra 22 S 32 S extra 46 S extra 68 S extra 100 S

Hydroline Hydroline HydrolineEquigrade Equigrade Equigrade32 46 68Speziale 32 Speziale 68

DEA Astron Astron Astron Astron AstronHLP 22 HLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68 HLP 100

Astron Z Astron Z Astron ZHLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68

ISO-Viscosity VG 22 VG 32 VG 46 VG 68 VG 100Class

Maker HLP HVLP HLP HVLP HLP HVLP HLP HLP

Hydraulic Fluids on a Mineral OilBasis for Axial Piston Units

Table of mineral oils included in groups HLP(HM) and HVLPto DIN 51524, parts 2 and 3The following table is not necessarily exhaustive and no recommendation is implied. Subject to revision!

1

Hydraulic Fluids on a Mineral Oil Basis for Axial Piston Units

ISO-Viscosity VG 22 VG 32 VG 46 VG 68 VG 100Class

Maker HLP HVLP HLP HVLP HLP HVLP HLP HLP

2

ELF ELFOLNA ELFOLNA ELFOLNA ELFOLNA ELFOLNA22 32 46 68 100

ELFOLNA ELFOLNA ELFOLNA ELFOLNA ELFOLNADS 22 DS 32 DS 46 DS 68 DS 100

HYDRELF HYDRELF HYDRELFDS 32 DS 46 DS 68

ENGEN Engen Engen Engen Engen Engen Engen EngenTQH 10/32 TQH 20/32 TQH 10/46 TQH 20/46 TQH 10/68 TQH 20/68 TQH 20/100

ESSO NUTO NUTO NUTO NUTO NUTOH 22 H 32 H 46 H 68 H 100

UNIVIS UNIVIS UNIVISN 32 N 46 N 68

FINA HYDRAN HYDRAN HYDRAN HYDRAN HYDRAN22 32 46 68 100TS 22 HYDRAN TS 32 HYDRAN TS 46 HYDRAN TS 68 TS 100

HV 32 HV 46 HV 68TSX 32 TSX 46 TSX 68

FUCHS RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLINMR 5 MR 10 MR 15 MR 20 MR 30VG 22 VG 32 VG 46 VG 68 VG 100

RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLINB5 B10 B15 B 20 B 30VG 22 VG 32 VG 46 VG 68 VG 100

RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLINMR 32 MC MR 46 MC MR 68 MC

RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLINB 32 HVI B 46 HVI B 68 HVI

RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLINZAF 22 B ZAF 32 B ZAF 46 B ZAF 68 B ZAF 100 B

RENOLIN RENOLIN RENOLINZAF 32 MC ZAF 46 MC ZAF 68 MC

KLÜBER LAMORA LAMORA LAMORAHLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68

KUWAIT Q8 Q8 Q8 Q8 Q8Petroleum Haydn 22 Haydn 32 Haydn 46 Haydn 68 Haydn 100Q8 Holst 32 Holst 46 Holst 68

Hydraulik Hydraulik HydraulikS32 S46 S68

Q8 Q8 Q8Händel 32 Händel 46 Händel 68

LIQUI HLP 22 HLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68 HLP100MOLY ISO ISO ISO ISO ISO

HVLP 32 HVLP 46 HVLP 68ISO ISO ISO

MOBIL Mobil Mobil Mobil Mobil MobilDTE 22 DTE 24 DTE 25 DTE 26 DTE 27

Mobil Mobil Mobil Mobil MobilDTE Excel 22 DTE Excel 32 DTE Excel 46 DTE Excel 68 DTE Excel 100

Mobil Mobil MobilDTE 13 M DTE 15 M DTE 16 M

RE 90220-1/09.97

Hydraulic Fluids on a Mineral Oil Basis for Axial Piston Units

ISO-Viscosity VG 22 VG 32 VG 46 VG 68 VG 100Class

Maker HLP HVLP HLP HVLP HLP HVLP HLP HLP

3

MOL RT HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOL HIDROKOMOLUngarn P-22 HV-U 32 P-32 HV-U 46 P-46 HV-U 68 P-68 P-100

U-22 U-32 U-46 U-68 U-100D-32 D-46 D-68

ÖMV HLP 22 HLP-M 32 HLP 32 HLP-M 46 HLP 46 HLP-M 68 HLP 68 HLP 100

HLP-SZNF 32 ZNF 46 ZNF 68

PETRO- AW 22 Premium AW 32 Premium AW 46 Premium AW 68 AW 100CANADA Premium HVI 36 Plus HVI 60

HVI 22Purity Purity PurityFG AW 32 FG AW 46 FG AW 68

REPSOL E-22 E-32 E-46 E-68 E-100Spain

SHELL Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell TellusOil 22 Oil T 32 Oil 32 Oil T 46 Oil 46 Oil T 68 Oil 68 Oil 100

Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell TellusOil DO 22 Oil TD 46 Oil DO 32 Oil TD 46 Oil DO 46 Oil TD 46 Oil DO 68 Oil DO 100

Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell Tellus Shell TellusOil S 22 Oil S 32 Oil S 46 Oil S 68 Oil S 100

TOTAL Azolla Azolla Azolla Azolla AzollaZS 22 ZS 32 ZS 46 ZS 68 ZS 100

Equivis Equivis EquivisZS 32 ZS 46 ZS68

TRIBOL Tribol 771 Tribol 772 Tribol 773 Tribol 775

Tribol Tribol Tribol Tribol1840/22 1840/32 1840/46 1840/68

Tribol Tribol Tribol Tribol943 AW 22 943 AW 32 943 AW 46 943 AW 68

UNIL HFO 22 HFO 32 HFO 46 HFO 68 HFO 100

VERKOL Vesta Vesta Vesta Vesta VestaHLP 22 HLP 32 HLP 46 HLP 68 HLP 100

Vesta Vesta VestaHV 32 HV 46 HV 68

WINTERS- WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLANHALL HS 22 HS 32 HS 46 HS 68 HS 100

WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLANHX 22 HX 32 HX 46 HX 68 HX 100

WIOLAN WIOLAN WIOLANHV 32 HV 46 HV 68

YORK YORK 772 YORK 772 YORK 772 YORK 772 YORK 772Ginouves VG 22 VG 32 VG 46 VG 68 VG 100

YORK 775 YORK 775 YORK 775VG 32 VG 46 VG 68

YORK 779 YORK 779 YORK 779VG 32 VG 46 VG 68

SAE- SAE SAE SAE SAE SAE SAEMotor Oils 5 W 10 W 10 W 30 10 W 30 20 W 20 30

RE 90220-1/09.97

Hydraulic Fluids on a Mineral Oil Basis for Axial Piston Units

4

RE 90220-1/08.96

All rights reserved - Subject to revisionPrinted in U.S.A.

Mannesmann Rexroth Corporation Rexroth Hydraulics Div., Industrial, 2315 City Line Road, Bethlehem, PA 18017-2131 Tel. (610) 694-8300 Fax: (610) 694-8467Rexroth Hydraulics Div., Mobile, 1700 Old Mansfield Road, Wooster, OH 44691-0394 Tel. (330) 263-3400 Fax: (330) 263-3333