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rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu I GGGGG |j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj .................................................................. 1[qfmu ! G |j;p3]d ......................................................................................... 1[qfmu @ G |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t czomuj ............................................................ 5rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu II G G G G G dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]d .............................................................. 8[qfmu # G dko\6oxyjovhv,8q;,aogv’0v’|j;p3]d ............................................. 8[qfmu $ G dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;ao ........................................... 11rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu III G G G G G [aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf ....................................................... 13[qfmu & G -Ao[aopkdkf ................................................................................... 13[qfmu * G 2hkvkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf .............................................................. 16[qfmu ( G ]q, c]t xtgrf0v’]q, .................................................................... 21rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu IVGGGGG c,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fc,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fc,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fc,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fc,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f ......................................... 25[qfmu ) G c,joE]eg- ..................................................................................... 25[qfmu _ G mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f0v’3]d ...................................................... 29rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu V GGGGG [k’xtdqfdkome,t-kf c]t zqoltmhvo0v’,aomuj,u8+3]d[k’xtdqfdkome,t-kf c]t zqoltmhvo0v’,aomuj,u8+3]d[k’xtdqfdkome,t-kf c]t zqoltmhvo0v’,aomuj,u8+3]d[k’xtdqfdkome,t-kf c]t zqoltmhvo0v’,aomuj,u8+3]d[k’xtdqfdkome,t-kf c]t zqoltmhvo0v’,aomuj,u8+3]d ...... 38[qfmu !W G xtdqfdkorqjo,ad,k r6w2 c]t czjofyows; ....................................... 38rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu VI G G G G G xt-kdvo c]t czomujdkog,nv’0v’3]dxt-kdvo c]t czomujdkog,nv’0v’3]dxt-kdvo c]t czomujdkog,nv’0v’3]dxt-kdvo c]t czomujdkog,nv’0v’3]dxt-kdvo c]t czomujdkog,nv’0v’3]d ................................... 42[qfmu !! G xt-kdvo3]d ................................................................................. 42

rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu VII G G G G G ,to5f16jg0fIhvo ,to5f16jg0fIhvo ,to5f16jg0fIhvo ,to5f16jg0fIhvo ,to5f16jg0fIhvo ........................................................................... 48

[qfmu !@ G ,to5f1j6g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo ............................................................... 48[qfmu !# G ,to5f16jg0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’ Xmtg]-kp? ...................................... 52[qfmu !$ G ,to5f16jg0fmqj’sphk-k;ko ............................................................... 56rkdmurkdmurkdmurkdmurkdmuVIIIGGGGG ,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo .......................................................................... 59[qfmu !& G ,to5f16jg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5jo ............................................................. 59rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu IX G G G G G ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d ........................................................................ 62[qfmu !* G ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d ............................................................................ 62g8adoyddkolvo .................................................................................................. 66rkdgrju,g8u, ...................................................................................................... 75

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ສະຫງວນລຂະສດ

164

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rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu I |j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj|j;p3]d c]t czomuj[qfmu ! |j;p3]d[qfmu ! |j;p3]d[qfmu ! |j;p3]d[qfmu ! |j;p3]d[qfmu ! |j;p3]d

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I DDDDD 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!D vtmy[kpdjP;da[f;’8kg;aoD@D [vd-njfk;g7kt.o]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;koD#D vtmy[kpI6[Ijk’ c]t 0t|kf0v’|j;p3]dD$D xP[mP[7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’glAo0t|koF glAol6ol6f c]t glAoc;’D&D deoqfwfh95frydaffhkor6,lkf16jgmy’czomujD

IIDDDDD goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.o! D! D! D! D! D |j;p3]d.o]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;ko|j;p3]d.o]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;ko|j;p3]d.o]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;ko|j;p3]d.o]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;ko|j;p3]d.o]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;ko{ f;’8kg;ao{ fk;g7kt ) f;'@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D |j;p3]d|j;p3]d|j;p3]d|j;p3]d|j;p3]d{ I6[Ijk’ c]t 0t|kf0v’|j;p3]d{ glAo0t|koF glAol6ol6fF glaovkpaog|nvF .8hF glAoc;'F glAoc;'g7QkD# D# D# D# D# D 0Q;3]d0Q;3]d0Q;3]d0Q;3]d0Q;3]d

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IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !D{ I6[]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;koD{ I6[]t[q[glAo0t|koF glAoc;’D{ [af7e-njfk;g7ktc8j]tf;’D

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{ |j;p3]d9e]v’D{ czomuj3]d sn czomujxtgmf]k;g-yj’,u\kpvq’lkc;’ c]t vq’lk0t|koD

IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !

! D! D! D! D! D vjko0=h,6odjP;da[f;’8kg;aovjko0=h,6odjP;da[f;’8kg;aovjko0=h,6odjP;da[f;’8kg;aovjko0=h,6odjP;da[f;’8kg;aovjko0=h,6odjP;da[f;’8kg;ao{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovjko[qfIPo0=h mu ! 16jxB,c[[IPoD{ 76.shoadIPoxt,ko ${& 7qo lts5[0=h,6omujoadIPowfhvjkoD{ 76lts5[7no7e8v[0v’oadIPoG

T f;’8kg;aogxaofk;sad X95fl6odk’? 0v’]t[q[l5]ypt9addt;koDT ,ucI’fb’f6f c]t ,u7;k,Ihvol6's^kpDT glAozjkl6odk’0v’f;’8kg;aopk;d;jkglAozjkdk’0v’|j;p3]d !W_ gmnjvDT [=]y,kf.spjd;jk[=]y,kf0v’|j;p3]d !D#WWDWWW gmnjvDT 4hk|j;p3]d[+wfhIa[cl’lts;jk’ c]t 7;k,Ihvo9kdf;'8kg;ao |j;p3]d

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&&&&& DDDDD lqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76j{ 76.shoadIPolqomtokgxao76j8k,7e4k,faj’oUG{ 768A’7e4k,

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glAo0t|ko c]t glAoc;’D7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G7e8v[G glAo0t|ko glAoc;’

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{ c,jo[aofkglAomujgoaj’c8j0Q;3]dg|nv sk0Q;3]d.8h { c8j]tglAorq[9vfdao16j0Q;3]d { ,u7;k,pk;gmqjkdaom5dglAo

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) D) D) D) D) D g/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[af{ 76oerkoadIPogIaf8q;9y’djP;da[dko-vdsk95frydafr6,lkf0v’8q;g,nv’;P’9ao

sn g,nv’.fg,nv’|bj’16jc0;’0v’8qogv’ ;jkovo16j.oglAovq’lkc;’ c]t vq’lk0t|kogmqjk.fL 3fpoe.-hczomuj-j;p.odko-vdskD

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[=]yg;omujwdvvdwx9kd]t[q[l5]yptd=pa’,ulyj’8jk’M16jvuds;’skpg-ajo fk;]ndF fk;sk’Fd5j,dHkfF /5jo\vd7;aoD lyj’8jk’MgsqjkoU[k’1jk’vkf];,dao16jgxaod5j, sn 16j3fffjP;D c8jma’\qfd=];,16j.o[=]yg;omujgvUo;jkdkc]ad-u X]t[q[l5]yptd=16j.odkc]ad-u?XGalaxy)D oad;ymtpklkfg-njv;jk,udkc]ad-u16j9eo;os;’skp.o[=]yg;omhv’2hkvaod;hk’.spjwrlkomujgvUo;jk9addt;koD

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[qfmu @ |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t czomuj[qfmu @ |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t czomuj[qfmu @ |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t czomuj[qfmu @ |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t czomuj[qfmu @ |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t czomujg;]k # -qj;3,’

I DDDDD 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!D xP[mP[7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’|j;p3]d9e]v’da[czomujD@D lkmyf;ymu-vdmyfc[[’jkpfkpD#D [vdoypk,djP;da[czomuj c]t ,kf8klj;o0v’czomujD$D vtmy[kp]tfa[l6’leraf c]t ]tfa[l6’le[6oD&D -U[vdlaopt]ad8jk’Mgmy’czomujD

IIDDDDD goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.o! D! D! D! D! D |j;p3]d9e]v’|j;p3]d9e]v’|j;p3]d9e]v’|j;p3]d9e]v’|j;p3]d9e]v’{ myf c]t dko-vdmyf@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D czomujczomujczomujczomujczomuj{ 7;k,\kp0v’czomujF myfgmy'czomjuD{ ,kf8klj;o0v’czomujD# D# D# D# D# D g7njv’\kp -nj8jk’Mgmy’czomujg7njv’\kp -nj8jk’Mgmy’czomujg7njv’\kp -nj8jk’Mgmy’czomujg7njv’\kp -nj8jk’Mgmy’czomujg7njv’\kp -nj8jk’Mgmy’czomuj

$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D ]tfa[l6’lerafF le[6o c]t dkoltcf’glAo]tfa[l6’ltg\ugmy’czomuj]tfa[l6’lerafF le[6o c]t dkoltcf’glAo]tfa[l6’ltg\ugmy’czomuj]tfa[l6’lerafF le[6o c]t dkoltcf’glAo]tfa[l6’ltg\ugmy’czomuj]tfa[l6’lerafF le[6o c]t dkoltcf’glAo]tfa[l6’ltg\ugmy’czomuj]tfa[l6’lerafF le[6o c]t dkoltcf’glAo]tfa[l6’ltg\ugmy’czomuj

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !{ I6[glAo]tfa[l6’gmy’czomuj{ I6[g0a,myf{ I6[|j;p3]d9e]v’{ czomuj3]d s^n czomujxtgmf]k;g-yj’,u\kpvq’lkc;’ c]t vq’lk0t|ko

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6

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! D! D! D! D! D la’gdfla’gdfla’gdfla’gdfla’gdf{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola’gdfczomuj c]t |j;p3]d9e]v’ c]t 8A'7e4k,czomju

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8

rkdmurkdmurkdmurkdmurkdmu II dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]d dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]d dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]d dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]d dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]d[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu ##### dko\6oxy jovhv,8q;,aogv’0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxy jovhv,8q;,aogv’0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxy jovhv,8q;,aogv’0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxy jovhv,8q;,aogv’0v’|j;p3]ddko\6oxy jovhv,8q;,aogv’0v’|j;p3]d

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c]t gpnv'w2lkp.lj|j;p3]d0v’76D7e4k,7e4k,7e4k,7e4k,7e4k,T 7qo.om5dxtgmf.omqj;3]dlk,kfgsaof;’8kg;aorhv,dao sn [+L phvospa’LT grktgsf.f.o0totfP;daog;]k.oxtgmf8jk’M9bj’[+gmqjkdaoL{ 76vkf.shoadIPoc8j]t7qovvd,klkmyffh;p8qogv’@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D g/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[af{ .shoadIPo.-hczomuj 7yfw]jg;]k8q;9y'0v’g,nv’.f|bj’ sn xtgmf.f|bj’lq,,5f;jk

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-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @

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VDDDDD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqola’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ dkolkmyfxt8y[af8q;9y'D{ dkogIaf;Pd[hkoD{ dko]kp’koD

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[qfmu $ dko\6oxy jo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;ao[qfmu $ dko\6oxy jo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;ao[qfmu $ dko\6oxy jo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;ao[qfmu $ dko\6oxy jo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;ao[qfmu $ dko\6oxy jo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;ao g;]k @ -qj;3,’

I DDDDD 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!D vtmy[kp;q’379vo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;aoD@D vtmy[kpdjP;da[dko\6oxyjo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,8q;,aogv’D#D vtmy[kp7;k,s5f]njodao]ts;jk’dk’g;ao c]t dk’7noD$D ;yg7ktlkgsfmujrk.sh,u]tf6dko8jk’MD&D [vdoypk,djP;da[;ao;yl5;af c]t ;aog\qkpaoD

IID goNv.oD goNv.oD goNv.oD goNv.oD goNv.o!D |j;p3]dxyjovhv,f;’8kg;aoD@D 7;k,s5f]njodao]ts;jk’dk’g;ao c]t dk’7noD#D ]tf6dko8jk’MD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !D{ I6[;q’379vo0v’|j;p3]dvhv,f;’8kg;aoD{ I6[|j;p3]d9e]v’D


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phvogsfzqospa’9bj’gIaf.sh,udk’g;ao{dk’7no c]t ]tf6dko8jk’ML

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{ 761kp7e4k,fP;dao.shoadIPom5dd5j,7Qo7;hkD{ 8k’|hkd5j,oadIPo0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76lts5[la’];,7nom5d7e8v[0v’oadIPoD]tf6dko8jk’Mgduf0Bowfhgonjv’9kdgrqk0v’3]ds’jP’F 3]dxyjovhv,8q;,aogv’F 3]dxyjovhv,

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13

rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu III [aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[aopkdkf c]t r6,vkdkf[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu &&&&& -Ao[aopkdkf-Ao[aopkdkf-Ao[aopkdkf-Ao[aopkdkf-Ao[aopkdkf

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14

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20

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{ 76.shoadIPolqomtokgxao76jD{ 8k’|hk76joadIPo0Bo]kp’koD{ oadIPo76jvnjoMxtdv[7;k,gsaogruj,g8u,D{ 76lts5[7no.sh4nd8hv’D* D* D* D* D* D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko.shoadIPoc8h,I6[djP;da[zqoIhkp0v’]q, c]h;oe,kgxaozqo’ko0v’shv’ sn -vdI6[

djP;da[zqoIhkp0v’]q,DV DDDDD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ dkogIaf;Pd[hkoD{ d;fzqo’ko9kddkoc8h,I6[D[qfgruj,g8u,[qfgruj,g8u,[qfgruj,g8u,[qfgruj,g8u,[qfgruj,g8u,{ ]q,w8h/5jo]q,w8h/5jogxao-njltgrkt0v’rkp5\6o g-yj’d+8A’0Bo.o[=]yg;omtg]9uogmqjkoAoD 4hkgduf.o

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,tsklt\5fvyogfpd=gvUo;jkG <w-37]o< F 4hkgduf9kd[=]yg;o\6jgdktvyogfp 8kg;ao8qdd=gvUo;jkG<lt]k8ao< rkp5gsqjkoU,u7;k,w;l6’s^kp rkp5\6o,u-njgvUo8k,vaf8k7;k,w;l6’8Ofaj’oUG

!D gIuiug7o XHurricane ? rkp5\6oI5ocI'mjugduf1j6czjofyoD@D rkp53-oIhvo XTropical cyclone? gxaorkp50t|kfdk’D#D rkp5\6oxtgrf8jk’Mg-ajo w8h/5jo XTyphoon?D{ lkgsfmujrk.shgduf,u]q,.8h/5joG.o[=]yg;ooEd;hk'.spj.o]tf6Ihvo 4hk[=]yg;o.fgduf,u7;k,Ihvo9afdtclvkdkfIhvo

g-yj’g[qk9twsr5j’0Bol6jg[Nv’gmy’1jk’;jv’w; dtclvkdkfg1aog-yj’16j.dh7P’ c]t |add;jkd=9tws]q’,kcmomuj1jk’w; rhv,Mdao3fpIv[9qogduf,u]adltot7nda[oE;qo gryjo9bj’gvUo;jkG <rkp5\6o<D

{ [=]yg;omuj,adgduf,u]q,w8h/5joGT w8h/5jo,adgduf.o[=]yg;omtg]9uo8vo.8h rafg0Qkskxtgmfpujx5joF xtgmf9uoFxtgmf2y]y[xyoF xtgmfs;Pfok, c]t xtgmfwmF lj;oskp]q,w8h/5jo9tdtmq[ c7,/aj’mtg]xtgmfs;Pfok,9qode]a’vjvo 9bj’9t,kg4y’xtgmfwmD

{ ]adltot0v’]q,w8h/5joGT g,njv9tgdufrkp5w8h/5jo mhv’2hk9t,nfgxaolufeF ]q,rafcI’F /qo8qd|adF 2hkc,[s^n 2hkzjk7No.omtg]cI’gIaf.shgInv]Q, D 7;k,cI’0v’rkp5w8h/5jolk,kfgIaf.shgInv0t|kf.spjc8dwfh [k’mud=rafgvqkgInvwx7hk’16jgmy’[qdwfhwd9kd/aj’mtg]Dle]a[ [hkogInvo0v’xt-kdvoF wIjokF l;oDDD 9tgduf7;k,glpskp1jk’|ad|j;’D

{ zqoIhkp0v’]q,w8h/5joGrkp5w8h/5jooe7;k,glpskp,k.shxtgmfmujwfhIa[7;k,I5ocI’9kdw8h/5jo 3fpdq’

c8jle]a[xtgmfmuj16j jgmy’czjofyo.spj4af9kd[=]yg;o g-yj’4ndrkp5w8h/5jodtmq[3fpdq’ s^n16j4af9kdr6l6’g-yj’dAo7;k,cI’0v’]q,w8h/5jo.sh7jvpMlts^kp8q;D w8h/5jo,ad9toerkp5/qog0Qk,kfyocfogsqjkoU 9bj’rk.shgduf7;k,-5j, ,uoErP’r=le]a[dkox6d/a’ 3fpltgrktdkox6dg0Qkwfhzqofumujl5fD

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rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu IV c,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f c,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f c,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f c,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f c,joE]eg-F mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu ))))) c,joE]eg-c,joE]eg-c,joE]eg-c,joE]eg-c,joE]eg-

g;]k # -qj;3,’

ID 95fxtlq’D 95fxtlq’D 95fxtlq’D 95fxtlq’D 95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!D oypk,Iv[;Po0v’oED@D vtmy[kpI6[]adltot0v’oE.oIv[;PoD#D 9ecod7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’oE.8hfyo c]t oEsQ’D$D [vd-njc,joEmujle7ao16j.o3]dD&D vtmy[kp75oxt3spf0v’c,joE]eg-D

IID goNv.oD goNv.oD goNv.oD goNv.oD goNv.o!D Iv[;Po0v’oED@D oE16j.o3]dD#D c,joE]eg-D$D 75oxt3spf c]t dkoxqdxadIadlkc,joE]eg-D

IIIDDDDD lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !D{ I6[Iv[;Po0v’oE{ I6[8af0v’]t[q[oE16jgmy’|hkfyoD{ Ijk’czomuj3]dD


! D! D! D! D! D ]tfq,lt\v’]tfq,lt\v’]tfq,lt\v’]tfq,lt\v’]tfq,lt\v’{ 768A’7e4k,.shoadIPo8v[D

16j.omhv’4yjo0v’oadIPo,uc,joEspa’cfjL{ 76.shoadIPo0Po7e8v[.ljg9hp0v’8qogv’D

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{ 76gvUooadIPo8v[xt,ko &{* 7qoD@D lbdlkgoNv.o[qfIPo@D lbdlkgoNv.o[qfIPo@D lbdlkgoNv.o[qfIPo@D lbdlkgoNv.o[qfIPo@D lbdlkgoNv.o[qfIPo{ 76.shoadIPovjkogoNv.o[qfIPo0=hmu ! Iv[;Po0v’oED{ .shoadIPola’];,sp=hgoNv.odjP;da[Iv[;Po0v’oED{ 8k’|hkoadIPo0Boltg|uD{ 76lts5[7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D# D# D# D# D# D lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[{ 76vtmy[kpdjP;da[xt]y,kooE16j.o3]dD{ oadIPo[aombd7e8v[9kd76D$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D 7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,{ 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,pjvp7qQo7;hk8k,7e4k,D{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,D

d5j, !G 7;k,\kp0v’oE.8hfyoDd5j, @G 7;k,\kp0v’oEsQ’Dd5j, #G 7;k,\kp0v’c,joE]eg-Dd5j, $G [vd-njc,joE & lkpmujpk;d;jk\6j.o3]dD

{ 8k’|hkd5j,oadIPo0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76lts5[7no7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’D-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @

& D& D& D& D& D lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[lqomtok4k,{8v[{ 768A’7e4k,G

c,joE,u75oxt3spfspa’cfjL{ 76.shoadIPo8v[xt,ko &{( 7qoD{ oadIPoz6hvnjoxtdv[7;k,gsaogruj,g8u,D{ 76lts5[7no.sh4nd8hv’D* D* D* D* D* D lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,{ 76c[j’oadIPogxaod5j,pjvpD

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{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,Ddj,mu !G c,joEda[;Pd’kodtlydeDd5j,mu @G c,joEda[dko7q,,tok7q,0qolqj’ c]t rt]a’w22hkoE8qdDd5j,mu #G ;ymudkoxqdxadIadlkcsj’oEgrnjv7;k,pnopq’D

( D( D( D( D( D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPo9qf-njc,joE]eg-F |v’F [b’muj,u16j.omhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’xt,ko #{& -nj-q j;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #

) D) D) D) D) D g/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[af{ 76.shoadIPo\kp-njc,joEmujle7ao.ljIjk’czomuj3]dD{ 761kpIjk’czomuj.shoadIPoc8j]t7qoD{ oadIPooe.-hczomuj sn vaf]af (Atlas) -vdskmju8A'0v'c,joE]eg-0v’3]d X-nj0v’

c,joE.shgvqk16j.oxB,c[[IPo?D_ D_ D_ D_ D_ D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qo0Po7e0;aodjP;da[dkoxqdxadIadlkc,joE]eg-16j.omhv’

4yjo0v’8qogv’DV DDDDD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ dkogIaf;Pd[hkoD{ d;fzqo’ko9kddkoc8h,I6[F dko0Po7e0;aoD

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28

Ijk'c

zomju3

]d

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29

[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu[qfmu _____ mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f.o3]dmtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f.o3]dmtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f.o3]dmtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f.o3]dmtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f.o3]dg;]k # -qj;3,’

I DDDDD 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!DDDDD -U[vd-nj c]t muj8A’0v’mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5f16jgmy’czomujD@D vtmy[kpdkog7njvows;0v’oE.o,tsklt\5f c]t mtg]D#D [vdoypk,0v’dtcloEIhvoF oEg1aoD$D 0Po-nj0v’dtcloE.o,tsklt\5f c]t mtg].ljIjk’czomujD&D pqd8q;1jk’djP;da[75oxt3spf0v’mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fD*D vtmy[kpgsfzqomuj8hv’xqdxadIadlkmtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fD

IIDDDDD goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.o!D mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fD@D dkog7njvows;0v’oE.omtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fD#D dtcloE.omtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fD$D 75oxt3spf c]t dkoxqdxadIadlkmtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fD

IIIDDDDD ln jdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !{ I6[czomujdtcloE.o,tsklt\5fD{ I6[]q,mtg]F I6[]q,|hkfyoF I6[]q,vk]ug-D{ Ijk’czomujdkog7njvows;0v’dtcloED


!D la’gdfczomuj!D la’gdfczomuj!D la’gdfczomuj!D la’gdfczomuj!D la’gdfczomuj{ 768A’7e4k,G 16j.o3]d,u,tsklt\5f c]t mtg].fcfjL{ 76.shoadIPoxt,ko ${& 7qovvd,k-Umtg] ,tsklt\5f3fpoe.-hczomuj16jdtfko@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,

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{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,7Qo7;hkDd5j,mu !G la’];,djP;da[2v’mtg]d5j,mu @G vtmy[kpdjP;da[oEmtg]0Bo{]q’

# D# D# D# D# D lqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76j{ 76.shoadIPolqomtokgxao7j6D{ 760Po7e4k,.ljdtfko sn vjko.shoadIPo2a’D

9qj’[vd7;k,\kp0v’dtcloEIhvo c]t dtcloEg1aoD{ 8k’|hk76joadIPo0Boltg|u8+|hkshv’D{ 76la’];,7no7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’D$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko

.shoadIPo\kp-njmtg]F ,tsklt\5f dtcloEg1ao c]t dtcloEIhvo.ljIjk’czomuj

.sh4nd8hv’D-qj;3,’-qj;3,’-qj;3,’-qj;3,’-qj;3,’mu @mu @mu @mu @mu @

& D& D& D& D& D 7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,7Qo7;hkd5j,{ c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,pjvp7qQo7;hk8k,7e4k,D{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,D

d5j, !G 75oxt3spf0v’mtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fDd5j, @G dkoxqdxadIadlk-a[rtpkdvo.omtg] c]t ,tsklt\5fd5j, #G dkoxqdxadIadlkc,joE]eg-.omhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’grnjvdkorafmtokc[[pnopq’D

{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,c]dxjPo7e8v[g-yj’dao c]t daoD{ 8k’|hkd5j,oadIPo0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76lts5[7no7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’D* D* D* D* D* D d;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hko{ 76gda[;Pd[hko0v’oadIPo c]t .sh7tcooD-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #

(D g/ydxt8y[af(D g/ydxt8y[af(D g/ydxt8y[af(D g/ydxt8y[af(D g/ydxt8y[af

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{ 76.shoadIPo\kp-njmtg]F ,tsklt\5fF -jv’c7[F .ljIjk’czomuj3]d.sh4nd8hv’!D ,tsklt\5fF Xva'8kd8ydF xk-u2ydF vyogfpF vaf]a’8yd?@D mtg]G cf’F feF g[iy’F g,fuc8ikgo F vaofk,aoF [ko8ydF mtg]9uoDDD#D -jv’c7[G pu[iko8kF ,k]addk$D dtcloEg1aoG g[iy’F ie3[oF 2vdc]oF c[’gd]kF 7kokiuF diyoc]oF ]k[ikf=D&D dtcloEv5joG d63i-u3;F .8hl6ol6fF g|nvl6ol6fF da[lt8iy,F vaf]a’8ydg|nvF

[ik-yoDDDV DDDDD dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ d;f;Pd[hkoFgoNv.ogruj,g8u,G ,tsklt\5f8jk’MgoNv.ogruj,g8u,G ,tsklt\5f8jk’MgoNv.ogruj,g8u,G ,tsklt\5f8jk’MgoNv.ogruj,g8u,G ,tsklt\5f8jk’MgoNv.ogruj,g8u,G ,tsklt\5f8jk’M,tsklt\5f (Oceans? 7nvkokg0f0v’oEmtg]mujd;hk’.spjwrlkoc8j[+wfh];,daogxao

xbdczjovao|bj’vaofP;dao ,umt;u[8jk’M0Ao c]t c[j’vvdgxao & ,tsklt\5f7nG!D ,tsklt\5fvkd8yd!D ,tsklt\5fvkd8yd!D ,tsklt\5fvkd8yd!D ,tsklt\5fvkd8yd!D ,tsklt\5fvkd8yd (Artic Ocean) 16jIv[M0Q;3]dg|nv,uvkokg0f.8hl5f

vkd8yd16jrkdg|nvl5f0v’mt;u[vk-uF gvuiq[ c]t vkg,iydkgxao,tsklt\5fmuj[+,u7;k,le7aomk’glf4tdyfgrktfyocfomuj16jc7,/aj',tsklt\5foU[+,uzt]yfrao;af45fy[mujle7ao [+,ug,nv’mjk.spjF [+,ugInvlyo7hkc]jozjkowx,kF ovd9kd]tf6Ihvo g,njvoEc0’]t]kpd=9t,ugInvxt,q’mjv’mjP;0Bowx grnjv]jkxk;kogmqjjkoAoD .o]tf6|k;oEmtg]9tdkpgxaooEdhvo gInvc]jozjko[+wfhD

@D ,tsklt\5fva’8kd8yd@D ,tsklt\5fva’8kd8yd@D ,tsklt\5fva’8kd8yd@D ,tsklt\5fva’8kd8yd@D ,tsklt\5fva’8kd8yd (Antartic Ocean)

16jIv[Mmt;u[czjooEdhvova’8kd8yd 1j60qQ;3]d.8hF vkokg0fg|nvl5f 0v’,tsklt\5foUc,jo95f;q’,qova’8kd8ydD 1j6g0f0Q;3]d.8hoU [+,umt;u[F [+,u,to5f16jc[[4k;vo c]t d=[+,u7;k,le7aomk’glf4tdyf 7nda[,tsklt\5fvkd8ydD

#D ,tsklt\5fxk-u2yd XPacific Ocean ?gxao,tsklt\5fmujd;hk’.spjmujl5fmuj1ja'c8j0Q;3]dg|nvsk0Q;3]d.8h d;hk’gdnv[g7yj’3]dr=fu

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g-yj’daAo]ts;jk’ mt;u[vkg,iydkda[vk-u c]t vqflt8ik]uF vkokg0fg|nvl5f8yf;q’,qovkd8ydc]t g-njv,8+da[,tsklt\5fva’8kd8yd grkt[+,uczjofyog]up -Aosuomujxtdv[0Bogxao gxnvd3]d[=]yg;o mujgxao,tsklt\5fxk-u2yd oAo[+\Ao7q’c0’cI’ 9bj’gdufgxaor6w20BoIv[/aj’,tsklt|5foU];,ma’dk’,tsklt\5fvudfh;p D ,tsklt\5foU,u7;k,le7aomk’glf4tdyfs^kp3fpltgrkt1jk’pyj’rkpsa’mujwfh05f7v’xkok,kc]h; gIaf.sh,udko8yf8+]ts;jk’,tsklt\5foUda[,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8ydwfh1jk’ltf;d c]t ;jv’w;[+8hv’vhv,cs^,Ivo ovdoAopa',ug,nv’mjk.spjM g-yj’gxao8tskfdko7hkle7ao0v’3]d8A’16jgmy’/aj’,tsklt\5f oU1jk’s;’skpD

$D ,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8yd$D ,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8yd$D ,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8yd$D ,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8yd$D ,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8yd (Atlantic Ocean)

,u7;k,d;hk’xt,ko @}& 0v’7;k,d;hk’0v’,tsklt\5fxk-u2ydmujglAol6ol6fD,tsklt\5fvaf]a’8yd0Ao]ts;jk’mt;u[vkg,iydkda[gvuiq[ c]t vk2iydkF vkokg0f g|nvl5f8yf;q’,qovkd8yd c]t 8yf8+da[,tsklt\5fvkd8yd3fp-jv’c7[gf;yl sn fk;yl XDavis Strait)

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{ 8k’|hkoadIPoc8j]t76j0Bo]kp’koD{ 76la’];,7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D# D# D# D# D# D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPo0Po[qf]kp’kodjP;da[G

!? dkoxtdv[vk-u[0v’xt-kdvo.og0fmhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’,uspa’cfjL@? glf4tdyf.omhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’,uspa’cfjL#? -a[rtpkdvome,t-kf.omhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’,uspa’cfjL


$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D d;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPo]kp’ko;Pd[hkomujoadIPowfhdP,,kD&D 7Qo7;hkd5j,&D 7Qo7;hkd5j,&D 7Qo7;hkd5j,&D 7Qo7;hkd5j,&D 7Qo7;hkd5j,{ 76c[j’oadIPovvdgxaod5j,pjvpD{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,D

d5j,mu !G dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0fmtg]-kpgxao7nco;.fLd5j,mu @G [aoskdkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f c]t dkoxjPocx’.omtg]-kp,uspa’cfjL

{ 76.sh8k’|hkoadIPoc8j]td5j,0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76la’];,7nom5d7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’ c]t -afg9oD

g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo-5j, g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo-5j, g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo-5j, g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo-5j, g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo-5j, g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’rnflaffyor6,vkdkf

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* D* D* D* D* D g/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[afg/ydxt8y[af{ 76.shoadIPo\kp0v[g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’ c]t 0Po-nj[aofkxtgmfmuj16jg0foAo


la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ dkogIaf;Pd[hkoD{ zqo’ko.odkoc8h,czomujD

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55

Ijk'c

zomju

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56

[qfmu !$ ,to5f16 j.og0fmqj’sphk-k;ko[qfmu !$ ,to5f16 j.og0fmqj’sphk-k;ko[qfmu !$ ,to5f16 j.og0fmqj’sphk-k;ko[qfmu !$ ,to5f16 j.og0fmqj’sphk-k;ko[qfmu !$ ,to5f16 j.og0fmqj’sphk-k;kog;]k # -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!DDDDD vtmy[kpdjP;da[g’njvow0fhkome,t-kf0v’g0fmqj’sphk-k;koD@D xP[mP[dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0fmqj’sphk-k;koD#D lq,mP[7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’g0fIhvo-5j, g0fmqj'sphk-k;ko c]t g0fcsh’c]h’

.oc8j]tfhkoD$D 0Po[qf]kp’kosp=hdjP;da[dkooe.-hfyo c]t -a[rtpkdvo muj,u16j.omhv’4yjo

0v’8qogv’DII. goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.o

!D muj8aA’ c]t 95fryglfD{ muj8A’F r6,lao4koF r6,vkdkfF fyoF rnf c]t laf.og0fmqj’sphk-k;koD@D dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0fmqj’sphk-k;koD{ xt-kdvoD{ ltrk[7;k,gxao16j0v’-k;rNog,nv’D

III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !D{ I6[mqj’sphk-k;koD{ I6[czomujg0fmqj’sphk-k;koD{ I6[lafmujvkwl16jmqj’sphk-k;koD{ Ijk’czomuj3]dD{ [af7e4k,

IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !-qj;3,’mu !!D lqomtok{ 76oe.-hczomuj.odkolqomtokdjP;da[g0fmqj’sphk-k;ko.o3]dD

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{ .shoadIPoxt,ko &{* 7qo vvd,k-U16jgmy’czomujD{ 76cotoe c]t lts5[7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,D{ d5j,mu !G vtmy[kpdjP;da[muj8A’ c]t 95fryglf0v’g0fmqj’sphk-k;koD{ d5j,mu @G vtmy[kpdjP;da[r6,vkdkf.og0fmqj’sphk-k;koD{ d5j,mu #G vtmy[kpdjP;da[rnf.og0fmqj’sphk-k;koD{ d5j,mu $G xP[mP[laf.og0fmqj’sphk-k;ko c]t g0f mtg]-kpD{ d5j,mu &G vtmy[kpdjP;da[ dkooe.-hfyo.og0fmqj’sphk-k;koD{ 76.shoadIPola[xjPo7e8v[g-yj’dao c]t dao]ts;jk’d5j,D{ 8k’|hkoadIPoc8j]td5j,0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76la’];,7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D# D# D# D# D# D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPo0Po[qf]kp’kodjP;da[D

!? dkooe.-hfyo .og0fmhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’,uspa’cfjL@? rnf c]t laf16j.omhv’4yjo0v’8qogv’D


$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D d;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPo]kp’ko;Pd[hkomujoadIPowfhdP,,kD& D& D& D& D& D lqomtoklqomtoklqomtoklqomtoklqomtok{ 76.shoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o9kdxB,c[[IPodjP;da[dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0f

mqj’sphk-k;ko8k,7e4k,faj’]5j,oUG!D xt-kdvo@D ltrk[dkogxao16j0v’-k;rNog,nv’

{ 76.shoadIPoxt,ko ({) 7qo8v[D

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{ 76la’];,7nom5d7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’ c]t -afg9oD-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #

* D* D* D* D* D g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’{ 76.shoadIPo\kp0v[g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’ c]t 0Po-nj[aofkxtgmfmuj16jg0foAo


la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ zqo’ko.odkoc8h,czomujD

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rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu rkdmu VIII ,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo,to5f16jg0fvq[v5jo[qfmu !& ,to5f16 jg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5 jo[qfmu !& ,to5f16 jg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5 jo[qfmu !& ,to5f16 jg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5 jo[qfmu !& ,to5f16 jg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5 jo[qfmu !& ,to5f16 jg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5 jo

g;]k $ -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!DDDDD -U[vdmuj8A’0v’g0fvkdkfvq[v5jogmy’czomujD@D vtmy[kp95fryglf0v'r6,vkdkfvq[v5joD#D vtmy[kp95fryglf0v'g0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5joD$D ;yg7ktdkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0fvq[v5joD&D lq,mP[7;k,c8d8jk’]ts;jk’g0fvq[v5jo c]t g0fcsh’c]h’.oc8j]tfhkoD

II. goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.o!D muj8aA’ c]t 95fryglf{ muj8A’F r6,lao4koF r6,vkdkfF fyoF rnf c]t laf.og0fvq[v5joD@D dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0fvq[v5joD{ xt-kdvoD{ dkooe.-hfyo.og0fvq[v5joD

III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !D{ I6[rk[mujdjP;0hv’da[[qfIPoD{ I6[czomujg0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5joD{ Ijk’czomuj3]dD{ [af7e4k,D

IV. dyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvodyf9tdedkoIPo{dkolvo-qj;3,'mu !-qj;3,'mu !-qj;3,'mu !-qj;3,'mu !-qj;3,'mu !

!D lqomtok!D lqomtok!D lqomtok!D lqomtok!D lqomtok{ 76oe.-hczomuj.odkolqomtokdjP;da[g0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5jo.o3]dD

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{ .shoadIPoxt,ko &{* 7qo vvd,k-U16jgmy’czomujD{ 76cotoe c]t lts5[7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,D{ d5j,mu !G vtmy[kpmuj8A’ c]t 95fryglf0v’g0fvq[v5joD{ d5j,mu @G vtmy[kpdjP;da[r6,vkdkf.og0fvq[v5joD{ d5j,mu #G vtmy[kpdjP;da[rnf.og0fvq[v5joD{ d5j,mu $G vtmy[kpdjP;da[dkooe.-hfyo.og0fvq[v5joD{ d5j,mu &G vtmy[kpdjP;da[xjkw,h.og0fvq[v5joD{ 76.shoadIPola[xjPo7e8v[g-yj’dao c]t dao]ts;jk’d5j,D{ 8k’|hkoadIPoc8j]td5j,0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76la’];,7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @

# D# D# D# D# D lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,lqomtokd5j,{ 76.shoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o9kdxB,c[[IPodjP;da[dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0f

vq[v5jo8k,7e4k,faj’]5j,oUGT xt-kdvoDT dkooe.-hfyo.og0fvq[v5joD{ 76.sh8k’|hkd5j,oadIPo0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hk8+|hkshv’IPoD{ 76la’];,7nom5d7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’ c]t -afg9oD$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPogIaf;Pdgxaod5j, la'];,djP;da[rnf c]t laf0v'g0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5jo

c]t g0fr6,vkdkfIhvo 3fp-vdI6[rk[ c]t [qf0jk;,kxtdv[D-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #

& D& D& D& D& D d;f;Pd[hkomujoadIPodP,,kd;f;Pd[hkomujoadIPodP,,kd;f;Pd[hkomujoadIPodP,,kd;f;Pd[hkomujoadIPodP,,kd;f;Pd[hkomujoadIPodP,,k{ 76.shoadIPo0Bo]kp’ko;Pd[hkomujoadIPodP,,kD{ 76la’];,7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D

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-qj;3,’mu $-qj;3,’mu $-qj;3,’mu $-qj;3,’mu $-qj;3,’mu $

* D* D* D* D* D g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’{ 76.shoadIPo\kp0v[g0fr6,vkdkfvq[v5jo c]t 0Po-nj[aofkxtgmfmuj16jg0ffja'djk;

]q’.ljIjk’czomuj3]d.sh4nd8hv’DV. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ zqo’ko.odkoc8h,czomujD

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rkdmurkdmurkdmurkdmurkdmu I X ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d ,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]d[qfmu !* ,to5f16 jg0f0Q;3]d[qfmu !* ,to5f16 jg0f0Q;3]d[qfmu !* ,to5f16 jg0f0Q;3]d[qfmu !* ,to5f16 jg0f0Q;3]d[qfmu !* ,to5f16 jg0f0Q;3]d

g;]k & -qj;3,’

I. 95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’95fxtlq’grn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfGgrn jv.shoadIPolk,kfG!DDDDD -U[vdmuj8A’0v’g0f0qQ;3]dgmy’czomujD@D ;yg7kt95fryglf c]t my;maf0v’g0f0Q;3]dD#D vtmy[kpdkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f.og0f0Q;3]dD$D 0Po[qf]kp’kosp=hdjP;da[dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f16jg0f0Q;3]dD

II. goNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.ogoNv.o! D! D! D! D! D g’j nvow0mk’fhkome,t-kfg’j nvow0mk’fhkome,t-kfg’j nvow0mk’fhkome,t-kfg’j nvow0mk’fhkome,t-kfg’j nvow0mk’fhkome,t-kf{ muj8A’F 95fryglfF my;mafD@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D dkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f16 j.og0f0Q;3]ddkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f16 j.og0f0Q;3]ddkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f16 j.og0f0Q;3]ddkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f16 j.og0f0Q;3]ddkofe]q’-u;yf0v’,to5f16 j.og0f0Q;3]d{ 7qovuo5pD{ 7qo]kxq’ c]t 7qo1kd5fD#D dkoxjPocx’16j.og0f0Q;3]d#D dkoxjPocx’16j.og0f0Q;3]d#D dkoxjPocx’16j.og0f0Q;3]d#D dkoxjPocx’16j.og0f0Q;3]d#D dkoxjPocx’16j.og0f0Q;3]d

III. lnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvolnjdkoIPo{dkolvo{ xB,c[[IPo c]t xB,76j,n76;y-kr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlkxumu !D{ I6[rk[mujdjP;0hv’da[[qfIPoD{ I6[czomujg0fr6,vkdkf0Q;3]dD{ Ijk’czomuj3]dD{ [af7e4k,D


!D lqomtok!D lqomtok!D lqomtok!D lqomtok!D lqomtok

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{ 76oe.-hczomuj.odkolqomtokdjP;da[g0f0Q;3]dD{ .shoadIPoxt,ko &{* 7qo vvd,k-U16jgmy’czomujD{ 76cotoe c]t lts5[7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D@ D@ D@ D@ D@ D lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,lqomtokgxaod5j,{ 761kp7e4k,.shoadIPoc8j]td5j,D{ d5j,mu !G vtmy[kp95fryglf0v’g0f0Q;3]dD{ d5j,mu @G vtmy[kpdjP;da[my;maf.og0fva’8kd8ydD{ d5j,mu #G vtmy[kpdjP;da[my;maf.og0fvkd8ydD{ 76.shoadIPola[xjPo7e8v[g-yj’dao c]t dao]ts;jk’d5j,D{ 8k’|hkoadIPoc8j]td5j,0Bo]kp’kozqodko7Qo7;hkD{ 76la’];,7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @-qj;3,’mu @

# D# D# D# D# D lqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76jlqomtokgxao76j{ 76.shoadIPolbdlkgoNv.o9kdxB,c[[IPodjP;da[dkog7njvows;0v’,to5f.og0f

0Q;3]d8k,7e4k,faj’]5j,oUG{ 7qovuo5pD{ 7qo]kxq’ c]t 7qo1kd5fD{ 76.sh8k’|hkoadIPo0Bo]kp’koD{ 76la’];,7nom5d7e8v[0v’oadIPo.sh4nd8hv’ c]t -afg9oD$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D ;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPoc8h,I6[la’];,c8j]tg0fr6,vkdkfg-ajoG g0fIhvoF g0fvq[v5joF

g0fr6,vkdkfcsh’c]h’F g0fmqj’sphk-k;ko c]t g0f0Q;3]dD { 76gda[gvqkzqo’komujoadIPolqj’ c]t gda[w;hgxao0=h,6o}zqo’ko0v’oadIPoD-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #-qj;3,’mu #

& D& D& D& D& D d;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hkod;f;Pd[hko{ 76.shoadIPo]kp'ko;Pd[hkomjuoadIPodP,,k lj;ooadIPomju[+wfh]kp'ko

.sh76gda[degvqkzqo'ko0v'oadIPo c]h;d;f.sh7tcooD

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64

***** DDDDD la’];,sp=hgoNv.o[qfIPola’];,sp=hgoNv.o[qfIPola’];,sp=hgoNv.o[qfIPola’];,sp=hgoNv.o[qfIPola’];,sp=hgoNv.o[qfIPo{ 76.shoadIPoc8j]t7qola’];,sp=hgoNv.o[qfIPo8k,sq;0=hfaj’]5j,oUG

!D dko05f7Qomujmaoltw\16j0qQ;3]dD@D dkoxjPocx’ltrk[dkogxao16j0v’,to5f16j.og0f0Q;3]dD

{ 76.shoadIPola’];,.ljxB,0Po0v’c8j]t7qoD{ 8k’|hkoadIPo0Boltg|u8+|hkshv’D{ 76d;f7no7e8v[.sh4nd8hv’D-q j;3,’mu ${&-qj;3,’mu ${&-qj;3,’mu ${&-qj;3,’mu ${&-qj;3,’mu ${&

((((( DDDDD g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’g/ydxt8y[af.oshv’{ 76.shoadIPo\kp0v[g0fr6,vkdkf0Q;3]d c]t 0Po-nj[aofkmtg] c]t ,tsk

lt\5fmuj16jg0foAo.ljIjk’czomuj3]dDV. dko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqodko;af c]t xtg,uozqo

la’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdGla’gdfoadIPo9kdG{ dko8v[7e4k,D{ dko,ulj;oIj;,.odkolqomtokd5j,D{ zqo’ko.odkoc8h,czomujD{ dkola’];,goNv.o[qfIPoD

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65

Ijk'c

zomjuສ.ວ

.ສ


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{ .shoadIPola’gdfg[yj’xtgmf]k; c]t vkg,iydkc]h;\6o8+wx9qoIvfvkg,iydk16jdq’da[cl’w2lkp c]h;.shoadIPola’gdfg[yj’xtgmfma’lv’vudD

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7ndao c]t c8d8jk’daoco;.fLT 4hk\6o8+wx9qoIvfvkg,iydk16jg7yj’cl’w2lkp3]d\6owx9adIv[ c]t 0totoAo

xtgmfvkg,iydk16jg7yj’cl’w2lkp3]d\6owx9adIv[ c]t 0totoAoxtgmf vkg,iydkgxaog;]k9ad3,’ c]t xtgmf]k;gxaog;]k9ad3,’D

T 4hk9t.shxtgmf]k;gxaog;]kdk’g;ao c]t vkg,iydkgxaog;]kdk’7novudgmnjv|bj’oadIPo9t8hv’\6owx9adIv[L

T dk’g;ao c]t dk’7nogduf0Bowfhco;.fLT 0totmuj3]d\6ovhv,8q;,aogv’Iv[|bj’9t,uxtdqfdkospa’gduf0BoL$ D$ D$ D$ D$ D d;flv[7;k,g0Qk.9d;flv[7;k,g0Qk.9d;flv[7;k,g0Qk.9d;flv[7;k,g0Qk.9d;flv[7;k,g0Qk.9{ .og;]klkmyf768A’7e4k,grnjv.shoadIPo8v[F 4hkoadIPo8v[4ndltcf’;jk

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.shc8j]txtgmfgmy’rNo3]d,udk’g;ao c]t dk’7nog-yj’gduf0Bowfhgrkt3]d\6oxyjovhv,8q;,aogv’D* D* D* D* D* D dkoxtg,uodkoxtg,uodkoxtg,uodkoxtg,uodkoxtg,uo76lk,kfla’gdfF 8yf8k,dkolkmyfF dko8v[7e4k, c]t dkoxtdv[lj;o.odko

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rkdgruj,g8u,rkdgruj,g8u,rkdgruj,g8u,rkdgruj,g8u,rkdgruj,g8u,-njxtgmf c]t g,nv’le7ao.omt;u[vk2iydk XAfrica?

-njxtgmf -njg,nv’s;’

3d,= Xcomores }Comoros } 3,3iou XMoroni?dq’3d XCongo? [ik-k;yo XBrazzaville?dk[q’ XGabon? ]ug[yi;yo XLibreville?de[u XGambie }Gambia? [a’95o XBanjul?dkok XGhana? vaddik XAccra?dugo XGuinee }Guinea? 3dokdiu XConakry?dqffu;q; XCotedivoire? 1k,5f-63di XYamoussoukro?gdo1k XKenya? wo3i[u XNairobi?

dygo[yl-k; XGuinea bissau? [yl-k; XBissau?dkg,ui5o XCameroun}Cameroon? 1kv5ogf XYaounde?da[c;d XCap veat? wxivk XPraia?

9u[68u XDjibouti? 9u[68u XDjibouti?-kf XTchad? gvo9kg,aook XN’djamena?g-c-o XSeychelles? ;yd8=iyvk XVictoria?-6fa’ XSoudan}Sudan? dkd85, XKhartoum?3-,k]u XSomalie}Somalia? 3,dkfu-6 XMogadishu?

g-pikg]vvo XSierraleone? 2iymk; XFreetown?-;k-u]a’ XSwaziland? gv,[k[ko XMbabane?-y,[kg; XZimbabwe? Ikikgi XHarare?-eg[p XZambia? ]6-kdk XLuzaka?

w-gvp XZaire? dyo-k-k XKinshasa?g-godko XSenegale? fkdk XDakar?

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-k;38g, XSaotome? -k;38g, XSaotome?8a’-koou XTanzanie}Tanzania? fkgvllk]e XDares Salaem?383d XTogo? 3]g, XLome?

85poy-u XTunisie}Tunisia? 86oyl XTunis?8;kddu XTurquie}Turkey? va’dkik XAnkara?oyg- XNiger? oyvkg, XNiamey?oyg-gip XNigeria? ]k3dl XLagos?oe,u[u XNamibiee}Namibia? ;yoI5d XWindhoek?[5dduok XBurkina? vq;dkf6d6 XOuagadougou?3[l;kok XBotsawana? dk[k3io XGabarone?

g[coa’ XBenin? xvd383o3; XPorto-Novo?,k]u XMalie? [k,k3d XBamako?3,iu8kou XMauritanie}Mauritania? o;ddvf XNouakchott?

3,iqd3d XMorocco? ik[kf XRabat?3,-e[yd XMozambique? ,kx638 XMaputo?3,iyl XMaurices? xvd]5pl XPortlouis?,k]k;u XMalawi? ]u]q’g; XLilongwe?,kfkdkldk XMadagascar? va’8kokiu3; XAntanarivo?

]u[u XLiby}Libya? 8iu3x]u XTripoli?]ug[iuvk XLiberia? ,qo3i;u XMonrovie}Monrovia?g]u3-38 XLesotho? ,kg-i6 XMaseru?i;ofk XRoanda? dudk]u XKigali?

vk2iydkdk’ XCentrafrique? [a’du XBanngui?va’3d]k XAngola? ]6vaofk XLuanda?gv1y[ XEgypt? w73i XCairo?

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vkog-iu XAlgerie}Algeria? vkog- XAlger}Algiers?gvmy3vxu XEthiopie}Ethiopia? vkfylvk[k[k XAddis }Ababa?gvd;k8=iyvkodygo (Equatorial Guinea? ,k]k3[ XMalabo?v6daofk XUganda? dexk]k XKampala?vk2iydk.8h XSouth Affrica? gxi38iu XPretorie}Pretoria?

-njxtgmf c]t g,nv’le7ao.omt;u[vk-u XAzie)

-njxtgmf -njg,nv’s;’dk8k XQatar? 3fIk XDoha?

d6g;f XKuwait? d6g;f XKuwait)dex6g9p XKampuchea? rtoq,gxao XPnompenh?gdqksu.8h XKorea South ? g-v6o XSeoul?gdqksug|nv XNorth Korea ? rP’1k’ XPyongyang?9=cfo XJordan? vk,ko XAmman?

9uo XChine? xaddyj’ XBeijing?ly’dt3x XSingapore? ly’dt3x XSingapore?-kv5fuvkik[u XSaudi Arabie? iuvkf XRiad?

lu]a’dk XSrilanka? 3d]q,3[ XColombo?-uiu XSyrie? fk,aldaf XDamascus?

w-xiaf XCyprus? oy3d-u XNicosie?pujx5jo XJapan? 38dP; XTokyo?

w8hs;ao XTaiwan? w8gx XTaipei?wm XThailand? [k’dvd XBangkok?goxko XNepal? daf,aof6 XKathmandu?[kgio XBahrain? ,kok,k XManama?

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[i6wo XBrunei? [aofkg-iug[dk;aoXBandarSeri Begawan?[a’dt]kgfl XBangladesh? fkdk XDhaka?r64ko XBhutan? my,ru XThimphi?xkdyflt4ko XPakistan? vyl]k,k[af XIslamabad?

2y]y[xyo XPhilippine? ,tou]k XManila?g1g,o.8h XYemen South? vkgfo XAden?g1g,og|nv XYemen North? -kokvk XSanaa?

,q’3d]u XMongolie}Mongolia? v6]ao[k8= XUlaanbatar?,Po,k XMyanrmar? g,xyf= XMeapidor?,kg]g-p XMalesie}Malesia? dq;]k]egxu XKualalumpur?

,kofu; XMaldives? ,k]u XMalie?]u[a' XLLibane}banone? g[i5f XBeirut?]k; XLaos? ;P’9ao XVientiane?s;Pfok, XVietnam? Ijk3ohp XHanoi?

vyogfp XInde}India? oy;gfo]u XNew Delhi?vuiko XIran? g8gIiko XTeheran?vuiad XIraq? c[dcff XBaghdad?vkia[gv,uikf XArab Emirates? vk[6fk[u XAbudhabi?

vylikcvo XIsrael? g1]6-kc], XJerusalem}Jerusalam?vyo3fgog-p XIndonesie}Indonesia? 9kdk8k XJakarta?3v,ko XOman? ,a-daf XMuscat?va[2tdkoyflt4ko XAfghanistan? dk[6o XKabul?

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-njxtgmf c]t g,nv’le7ao.omt;u[vkg,iydk XAmerica? -njxtgmf -njg,nv’s;’dkokfk XCanada? vqf8k;k XOttawa?

d6[k XCuba? Ik;kok XHavana?gduokfk XGrenade}Grenada? c-a’-vdg-u XSaint George’s?d5p1ko XGuyana}Guyana? -vdg-umk; XGeorgetown?

dq;g8,k]k XGuatemala? dq;g8,k]k-u8u XGuatemala city?dqflt8kiydk XCostarica? -a’39g- XSanjose?3d]q,[u XColombie}Colombia? 3[3d8k XBocota?9kw,dk XJamaique}Jamaica? 7y’l8vo XKingston?

ltst]afvkg,iydk XUnited States? ;=-u’8ao XWashington D.C?-6]uok, XSuriname? xkik,kiu3[ XParamaribo?

-u]u XChilie? -a’8uvk3d XSantiago?3f,uoydk XDominique}Dominica? 3i3- XRoseau?8iuoyfkcvo38[k3dXTrinidad and Tobago? xvdvv2ltcxo XPort of Spain?oydkikdq; XNicaragua? ,kokdq; XManagua?

g[i-yo XBrezil}Brazil? [ik-ug]p XBrazilia?3[3];u XBolivie}Bolivia? -6]kxkl XSucre la paz?g[]ul XBelize? c[o3,xa’ XBelmopan?

[kd[k3fl XBarbados? [iulmk; XBridgetown?[kvk,k XBahamas? oal3- XNassau?gxi6 XPeru? ]u,k X Lima ?xk]kd;kp XParaguay? vk-a’-uvq’ XAsuncion?xkok,k XPanama? xkok,k-u8u XPanama city?

g;go-6gv]k XVenezuela? dk]kdkl XCaracas?

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v6i6d;kp XUruguay}Urugua? ,q’g8;ufu3v XMontevideo?g,ad-yd3d XMexico? g,ad-yd3d-u8u XMexico city?cvo-ko;kf= XEl Salvador? -a’-ko;kf= XSan Salvador?

gvdkf= XEcuador? dy38 XQuito?vkd-a’8yo XArgentine}Argentina? [5p3oc-i XBuenos Aires?Iq’f6iaf XHonduras? g8d6-udkoxk XTegucigalpa?

wI8y XHaiti? xvd38cri'l XPort au Prince?

-njxtgmf c]t g,nv’le7ao.omt;u[gvuiq[ XEUROPE)

-njxtgmf -njg,nv’s^;’gdiad XGrece? vkc8o XAthene?

lt;ugfao XSweden? lt8vd37, XStockholm?lt;yfg-uc]o XSwisse}Switzerland? g[yo XBern?-a’,kiy3o XSanmalno? -a’,kiy3o XSanMarino ?g-ad3d XCzechos? xiad XPrague?

163dlt]k;u XYoucoslavie}Yucoslavia? g[odikf XBelgrade?cfo,kd XDenmark? 3dgxaoIkd XCopenhague}Copenhagen?ovdc; XNorway? 3vlt3] XOslo?

gogmuc]o XNetherlands? veltc8dfe XAmsterdam?c[o-yd XBelgique}Belgium? [i5fc-o XBrusxel?[5odkiu XBulgarie}Bulgaria? 3-g2p XSofia?xvd85pdko XPortugal? ]ul[vo XLisbon?3x3]p XPoland}Pologne? ;kd3-;u XVarsovie?

/iaj’ XFrance? xkiu XParis?

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g1p]t,ao (Allemagne}Germany) c[dc]a' (Berlin)

]y[8a’ltc8a’ XLiechtenstein? ;kf5l XVaduz?]5d-e[;d XLuxembourg? ]5d-e[;d XLuxembourg?c2a’]a’ XFinlande}Finland? cIo-y'du XHelsinki?3,ok3d XMonaco? 3,ok3d;yo XMonaco-Ville?,ko8k XMalta? ;kog]f8k XValletta?iafg-p XRussie}Russia? 3,ld6 XMoscou}Moscow?i6,kou XRoumania}Roumanie? [67kcil XBucharest?;k8uda’ XVatican city? ;k8uda' XVatican?cvfltxkp XEspagne}Spain ? ,kfiyf XMadrif?vu8k]u XItaly? 3i, XRome?vPd]a’ XIrelande}Ireland? f6[iyo XDubline?wv-c]o XIceland? gidpt;yd XReykjavik?3v8iyl XAustriche}Austria? ;Pook XViennie}Vienna?va’f=ik XAndorra? va’f=ik]kc;o]k XAndorra Lavella?vko[kou XAlbanie}Albania? 8uikgo XTirane?va’dyf XUnited Kingdom? ]vofvo XLondres}London?Iq’dkiu XHongrie}Hungary? [6fkcxl XBudapest?

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-njxtgmf c]t g,nv’le7ao.omt;u[3vg-vkouu XOceania?

-njxtgmf -njg,nv’s^;’dyiy[k8u XKiribati? 8kik;k XTarawa?-k,q;8kg;ao8qd XWestern Samoa? vkxuvk XApia?3-3],vo XSolomon? 3Ioyvkik XHoniara?86;k]6 XTuvalu? 26ok268u XFunafuti?

8q’dk XTonga? o6d6vk3]2k XNukualofa?oy;-uc]o XNew Zealand? g;o]y’8aoXWelllington?okv6]6 XNauru? 1kgio XYaren?

xkxq;oy;dygo XPapua Newguinea? xvd3,gil[u XPortMoresbi?2u9y XFiji? -6;k Xsuva?;ko6vk86 XVanuatu? xvd;y]k XPort-Vila?vqflt8ik]u XAustralie}Australia? c7og[uik XCanberra?

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vtfufltstrk[3-;Pf.og,njvdjvo,u !& ]afwfhcpd8q;vvdgxao !& xtgmf.oxu !__!

]}f -njxtgmf ot7vos^;’ xt-kdvo @WW)X]hko7qo?

! vkdg,ou Armenie}Armenia gvik;ao Yerevan @D_(!D*&W@ vkc-d[kp-ko Azerbaijan [kd6 Baku )D!@WD@$(# g[]ki5f Belarus ,yoltgdy Minsk _D(@$D(@#

$ cvflt38ou Estonia}Estonie 8ko]yo Tallinn !D#!&D_!@& 9=g9p Georgia 8t[u]u-u Tbilisi $D*$*DWW#* dk-adlt4ko Kazakhstan vaflt8kok Astana !&D@)$D_@_

( dPddyflt4ko Kyrgyzstan [yfltcdad Bishkek &D@)$D!$_) ]af;u Latvia}Latvie iudk Riga @D&&_D)!W

_ ]yf8q;ou Lithuania}Lithuanie ;yoo5f Vilnius #D&(&D$#_!W ,qofk;u Moldova}Moldovie dy-y[q[ Chisinau $D#@WD$_!! iafg-p Russia 3,ld6 Moscow !$!D#((D(&#!@ 8kd-udyflt4ko Tajikistan f6-aoc[ Dushanbe (DW(*D&_)!# 8;dg,oult4ko Turkmenistan vk-7k[kf Ashgabat &DW_(DW@)!$ v6cdio Ukraine dycva2 Kkier $*F@__D)*@!& v6-tg[addyflt4ko Uzbekistan 8kltgdo Tashkent @(D()WD!#@

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-njmtg]mtg]dklxPo Xmer Caspienne?mtg]9uo XMer de Chine?mtg]9uo8kg;aovvd XMer de Chine Orientale?mtg] gsnv’}39o XMer Jaune?mtg]pujx5jo XMer du Japon?mtg]fe Xmer Noire?mtg]cf’ XMer Rouge?mtg][ko8yd XMer Baltique?mtg] g[]y’ XMer Bering?mtg]g,fuc8ikgo XMer Mediteranee?mtg]vkiko XMer Aral?mtg]va’8u XMer Antille?mtg]3v7qf XMer D’khotsk?mtg]g|nv XMer du Nord?

]}f -njxtgmf ot7vos^;’ xt-kdvo ;aoxtdkf @WW)X]hko7qo? gvdt]kf

! [vlgop c]t Bosnia and -kgig93; $D&&@D!_) @_ d5,rk !__@gIug-3d;yook Herzegovina XSarajevo?

@ 3digvg-p Croatia -kcdi[ $D$_#D#!@ @& ,u45ok !__! XZagreb?

# g-ug[p c]t Serbie and g[odikf !WD!&WD@&& !( g,lk !__@,q’g8go3di Montenegro XBelgrade?

$ ,kg-3fou Macedonie ltdv[9u @DW&&D_!& ) daopk !__! XSkopje?

& lt3]g;gop Slovenia 9a[9kok @DWW_D@$& @& ,u45ok !__! XLjubljana?

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-njmtg]lk[}|v’

-nj xtgmf goNvmuj d,@ 7;k,g]yd X,?dia’]ugvu XLacde Grand-lieu? /iaj’ #&{)W $7aodk XKhanka? 9uoF iafg-p $$W# !W

-kf XTchad? vk2iydk !#WWWW{@*WWW )-5[gxiugvu XSuperieur? dkokfk )@(WWW $W*

ltst]afvkg,iydk

8u8udkdk XTiticaca? gxi6F 3[]u;u )#$W #W&38gio XTorrens? vqflt8ik]u &()W !85ddkok XTurkana? vk2iydk )&WWW (#

8a’dkoydkXTanganyika? vk2iydk #!_WWW !$##oydkikdq; XNicaragua? oydkikdq; )@*@ (Wouxudq’ XNipigon? dkokfk $$)W !*&cof8y]y’ XNettilling? dkokfk &&$# !#@[kpdko XBaikal? iafg-p #!&WWW !*@W[kodad XBalkhach? dk-adlt4ko !(#WWW @*

[;dg-af XBourget? /iaj’ $& !$&,tg;yi5o XMwerul? -kgvpF -eg[p $#$W !),k]k;u XMalawi? vk2iydk #W)WWW (W(

,kikwd3[ XMaracaibo? g;go-6gv]k !#@*W #!,kou383[ XManitobo? dkokfk $(WW $,u-ucdo XMichigan? ltst]afvkg,iydk &)#WW @)!3,[686 XMobutu? vk2iydk $&WW $_]k3fdk XLadoga? iafg-ap !((WWW @@&g]u,a’ XLeman? -6cvfF /iaj’ &)@ #W_F(

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ciogfpg]ad dkokfk **&! @!_XReindeer Lake?w;gouo XVainern? -6cvf &&)& !WW;yd8=iyvk XVictoria? vk2iydk *)!WW )@

;yoougxad XWinnipeg? dkokfk @$&WWW !);yoougxu3dlyf XWinnipegosis? dkokfk &$($ !@vk8k[kf-kdkXAthabasca? dkokfk (_#* !@@

vu-ydd5o XIssyk-Koul? dPddyflt4ko *@#* (W@cviX Eyre ? vqflt8ik]u !WWWW $3vgodk XOnega? iafg-p __WW !!&

v;dl XL’ours ? dkokfk #!!WW $!#vkogo-u XAnnecie? /iaj’ @( $! Xg]ydl5f )@?

cviygv XErie? ltst]afvkg,iydkF dkokfk @&_WWW *$

vq’8kiy3v XOntario? ltst]afvkg,iydkF dkokfk !))WWW @$$

cvldkg;y XL’esclave? @)_#W *!$I6]q’ XHuron? vkg,iydk c]t

dkokfk &_)WWWW @@)

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8uiyflg,pXTirichMir? xkdyflt4ko (*_W85[dko XToubkal? ,kiqd $!*&,;ook7u XMuanaky? Ik;kp $@W&

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-nj xtgmf 7;k,l6’ X,?

dyok[k]6 XKinabalu? ,kg]g-p $!(&dy]y,ao9k3I XKilimandjaro? 8a’-kou &)_&gdo1k XKenya? gdo1k &!__

3df-uv5flt3d XKosciusko? vqflt8ik]u @@@)3d38xk-u XCotopaxi? gvdq;g8u &)_(dkfltc[d XKazbek? 9=g9pF iafg-p &W##

da’c-a’95’dk XKangchenjunga? vyogfpF goxko )&)*dv’dk-ao XGonggashan? 9uo (&&*dv’dq;-ao XKongurshan? 9uo ((!_

3dildivdgou XGrossglockner? 3v8iyl #(_*75d XCook? o6c;og-]a’ #(&$9y,3[ik3- XChimborazo? gvdq;g8u *@*(95’32i XJungfrau? lt;yl XSuisse ? $!**

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r6,lkfr6,lkfr6,lkf - ໜ້າຫຼັກ76j,n76j76,n76 r6,lkfr6,lkfr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu !...

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Transcript of r6,lkfr6,lkfr6,lkf - ໜ້າຫຼັກ76j,n76j76,n76 r6,lkfr6,lkfr6,lkf-Ao,afmtpq,lbdlk xumu !...