R. Ward, E. Cebert , K. Ward and S. Kumar
description
Transcript of R. Ward, E. Cebert , K. Ward and S. Kumar
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Insect Pests of Winter Canola with Emphasis on Cabbage Seedpod Weevil and Pod Damage Assessment R. Ward, E. Cebert , K. Ward and S. KumarDepartment of Plant and Soil Science, Alabama A&M University Normal, AL 35762ABSTRACT
The cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most dominant and destructive insect pest on winter canola (Brassica napus) in north Alabama. Secondary pests that also warrant monitoring include diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), tarnished plant bugs (Lygus lineolaris), false chinch bug (Nysius sp.), thrips (Frankliniella sp.), aphid complex, flea beetles (Phyllotreta spp.) and root maggot (Delia sp.). Aphids have been reported to severely damage canola in other areas in the southeast; however, they have not presented any major problem in our evaluation plots. Cultivars evaluated in this study were Jetton, Celsius, Explorer and Banjo which were selected for their superior agronomic qualities. Each cultivar was planted following standard planting practices in 100 x 50 m2 plots with four replications arranged in randomized complete block design. Insects were sampled weekly by making 30 sweeps across each canola plot at flowering period. Changes in population levels of cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW), diamondback moth (DBM), tarnished plant bugs (TPB) and clover stem borer (CSB) were determined. Results showed significant variation in CSPW, TPB and DBM counts over time. DBM population followed a steady decline throughout the reproductive stage of the plant. CSB infestation was insignificant on all cultivars. Assessment of damage caused by cabbage seedpod weevil was done on pods removed from the primary raceme from 36 plants (4 cultivars). Pods were examined for exit holes and other signs of larval feeding or presence of larvae. Corresponding yield losses from pod damage were reported.
RESULTS
As in previous years, cabbage seedpod weevil remained the most dominant and most destructive insect pest on canola in north Alabama during 2004-05 cropping season.
Infestation by CSPW did not differ significantly among cultivars (Banjo, Explorer, Celsius and Jetton) but significantly over time.
CSPW populations peaked in the second to third week in April and first week in June; similar observations were recorded in 2002 (Fig. 6).
Considerably high infestation of diamondback moth and tarnished plant bug was observed in 2005; notably, DBM and TPB were not listed among those collected in 2002 (Fig. 5).
Banjo sustained lowest infestation by DBM (Fig. 8). Highest mean DBM was observed on Celsius. DBM peaked during the first two weeks in May but followed a continuous decline thereafter; it was not detected first week in June.
Relatively high numbers of TPB were detected in mid-May when plants were at 100% pod stage. TPB population continued to increase until pods were ready for harvest. TPB is a serious pest of cotton; canola, therefore, could serve as a reservoir for TPB in the spring time prior to its migration into adjacent cotton fields.
Damage by cabbage seedpod weevil on canola could be more potentially severe due to direct feeding on seeds. However, feeding damage also predisposes pods to early shattering, resulting in higher seed losses. Also feeding damage facilitates disease infection; exit holes are entry points for disease organisms to penetrate plant tissues. Additionally, water seepage into the pods through exit holes induce premature seed germination (vivipary).
Feeding damage by CSPW was measured by the presence of exit holes and other feeding signs on canola pods. Mean number of pods that had 1and 2 exit holes varied significantly among cultivars (Cebert et al. 2004); no significant difference was detected for those with 3 exit holes. The number of exit holes is useful in measuring degree of host plant resistance to CSPW in canola (Dosdall and Kott 2006).
Forty five percent of sample pods had exit holes produced by CSPW; 38.6 %, 5.6% and 1.1% of pods had only one, 2 and 3 exit holes, respectively.
Based on the average seed losses calculated from pods sustaining 1-, 2- and 3-exit holes (40, 91 and 99 % seed weight reduction, respectively) (Cebert et al. 2004), estimated average losses were 16.0, 5.1 and 1.0 %, respectively, or an average of 22.1% total yield reduction.
INTRODUCTIONWinter canola has been commercially grown in northern Alabama for a brief period nearly two decades ago when the seed crushing plant was in operation in Chatanooga, TN. For lack of market after the crusher closed down, farmers abandoned the crop. With growing concern for dissipating fossil fuels, interest in canola, not only as a source of edible oil but also as a renewable product for biodiesel production, has reached a new peak. Canola is a valuable source of edible oil that is often compared to olive oil in healthful quality, but it can also compete well with soybean oil as feedstock for biodiesel. Canola is not grown in large acreages anywhere in the southeastern U.S. at this time but with the growing demand for renewable resources, demand for canola is on the rise. A number of promising canola cultivars have been identified as suitable for growing in north Alabama. Our evaluation included four cultivars selected for superior agronomic characteristics. There are several insect pests associated with winter canola in north Alabama, e.g., cabbage seedpod weevil (CSPW) (Figs.1), false chinch bug, diamondback moth (DBM) (Fig.11), flea beetles, tarnished plant bug (TPB) (Fig. 12), cabbage maggots, thrips, aphids, etc.). These The cabbage seed pod weevil (CSWP), Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most dominant and the most destructive pest on canola in the area. Adult weevils lay eggs on flower buds, young pods, flowers and shoots of canola. Upon hatching, the larvae (Fig. 4) find their way into the pods, feed on the young seeds and leave the pods through exit holes when grubs are ready to pupate. Exit holes are easily recognizable on damaged pods (Fig. 2). The severity of feeding damage on seeds and exit holes on canola pods by CSPW could be exacerbated by moisture seepage through the exit holes causing the seeds to prematurely germinate, a phenomenon called vivipary (Fig. 3); this results in increased seed losses. Infestation levels by other pest species were generally insignificant except for their occasional resurgence. Based on their relative abundance last season, secondary pests that may warrant monitoring include diamondback moth and tarnished plant bugs. This presentation reports on CSPW, DBM and TPB infestation levels during 2004-05 cropping season. MATERIALS AND METHODS
General ProcedureExperimental plots were established at Alabama A&M Universitys Winfred Thomas Agricultural Research Station located in Meridianville, AL in 2004-05 cropping season. Four winter canola cultivars (Banjo, Celsius, Explorer and Jetton) were planted in 100 x 50 m plots with 4 replications in randomized complete block experimental design. Conventional methods of field preparation were followed. Preplant herbicide (Treflan) was incorporated in the soil at the rate of 4.7 l/ha (2 qts/acre). Seeding was done with 18 -cm row spacing at 1.11kg/ ha (6 lbs/acre) seeding rate. Split applications of 13-13-13 NPK were made; 54 kg/ha was applied in the fall (6 weeks after planting) and 112 kg/ha in the spring. The crop was rain-fed and combine harvested at the end of the season.
Insect SamplingCollection of insects was done on canola at full bloom. Insects collected from thirty sweeps per plot using a standard size net comprised a sample. Gathered insects were placed into plastic bags and placed in a freezer overnight before insect count and identification were done. Canola pods sampled from 36 plants from 4 cultivars were examined for CSPW damage ( presence and number of exit holes). Only pods from the primary panicle per plant were examined. Table 1. Canola pods damaged by CSPW Fig. 12. Tarnished plant bugwww.uky.edu Fig. 11. Diamondback moth larvaFig. 5. Relative infestation levels (2002)Fig. 6. CSPW sweep counts (2002)Fig. 7. CSPW sweep count (2005)Fig. 8. DBM sweep count (2005)Fig. 9. TPB sweep count (2005)Fig. 10. CSPW, DBM and TPB on different cultivars (2005)LITERATURE CITEDDosdall, L. M. and L. S. Kott. 2006. Introgression of resistance to cabbage seedpod weevils to canola from yellow mustard. Crop Sci. 46 (2437-2445).Cebert, E., R. Ward and K. Ward. 2004. Canola yield deficit from pods damaged by cabbage seedpod weevil, Ceutorhynchus obstrictus (Marsham). Paper presentation. Entomological Society of America National Meeting, Salt Lake City, UT.
Rep(3 plants per rep)NumberPodsNo. Exit HolesNo. Damaged Pods% DamagedPods1231121342386553.7212831726450310846805648.1418184609049.7517230003017.4613932702627.47143541907351814558256544.8913162006247,310193956010147.71115975307849.61212874007457.8Total17486751022078444.8Damaged Pods (%)
%Yield loss38.6
16.05.6
5.11.1
1.0
22.1
Chart1
50
31.3
8.2
4.9
0.9
0.4
0.8
Sheet1
CSPW50
Chinch Bug31.3
Flea beetle8.2
Thrips4.9
Corn Maggot0.9
Aphids0.4
Others0.8
Sheet1
Sheet2
Sheet3
Chart1
1101010
105104114119
8713911276
29723444
21993
16531327
261724105
58503977
157190131118
Jetton
Celcius
Explorer
Banjo
Sampling Date
No. CSPW
CSPW SWEEP COUNT
Sheet1
JettonCelciusExplorerBanjo
8-AprJetton1April-81101010
8-AprCelsius10April-15105104114119
8-AprExplorer10April-228713911276
8-AprBanjo10April-2929723444
15-AprJetton105May-921993
15-AprCelsius104May-1416531327
15-AprExplorer114May-22261724105
15-AprBanjo119May-2958503977
22-AprJetton87June-5157190131118
22-AprCelsius139
22-AprExplorer112
22-AprBanjo76
29-AprJetton29
29-AprCelsius72
29-AprExplorer34
29-AprBanjo44
9-MayJetton2
9-MayCelsius19
9-MayExplorer9
9-MayBanjo3
14-MayJetton16
14-MayCelsius53
14-MayExplorer13
14-MayBanjo27
22-MayJetton26
22-MayCelsius17
22-MayExplorer24
22-MayBanjo105
29-MayJetton58
29-MayCelsius50
29-MayExplorer39
29-MayBanjo77
5-JunJetton157
5-JunCelsius190
5-JunExplorer131
5-JunBanjo118
Sheet2
Sheet3
Chart1
1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50
139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530
97.25644013.752.588.2510
112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750
4/25/05
5/2/05
5/9/05
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
CSPW
Sheet1
Sweep ofCultivarReps4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610
211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5
30682151140
4724112721100
2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512
272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543
3207523732160
438800109753
3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304
213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541
313838327000
4313727143400
4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517
2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75
31224571121190
4105483774420
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
34.549.7512.254616.7500
12565.519.7552.75330.50
81.75102.522.7544.25170.250
5866.524.253625.7500
Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
12.512.547.2547.25
16.516.59595
131350.2550.25
13.7513.7565.565.5
Sheet2
DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05
1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700
22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500
30682065170
436331329390
2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222
2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5
321652385250
48218034530
3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801
26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25
397382727210
4144311183171
4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300
20581866.51724.2524363725.7500
389483560230
462993147430
Sheet3
LygusCultivarRep5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
1(Banjo)155022725818923112
21012.52318047.25028
311145439
424137750
2(Celsius)19662866139380160317
21216.51716.5150958379.25
313176123
432143051
3(Explorer)110522484020122119
21413402115050.256529.75
3105132
4272000
4(Jetton)10552681026282140
22413.751220.2514965.55235
3202400
41119113126
BIONOmics Plot Yield June 9, 2006 Harvest; One passage of 6 rows? wide and 100 ft long
Plot #CultivarYield in Kg% Area Cover
12.14
23.44
35.4
46.405
55.54
66.21
76.35
87.15
94.49
102.11
111.32
123.07
139.69
145.955
154.41
168.715
Sheet4
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000
Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500
Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500
Jetton5866.524.253625.75000
Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25
Celsius000016.516.59595
Explorer0000131350.2550.25
Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5
CSPWCSPWCSPWCSPWDBMDBMDBMDBMLygusLygusLygusLygus
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000
5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000
5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000
5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000
5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5
6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000
5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000
5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000
5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000
5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5
6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5
Sheet4
CSPW Banjo
CSPW Celsius
CSPW Explorer
CSPW Jetton
DBM Banjo
DBM Celsius
DBM Explorer
DBM Jetton
Lygus Banjo
Lygus Celsius
Lygus Explorer
Lygus Jetton
4/25/05
5/2/05
5/9/05
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
CSPW
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Diamondback Moth
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Lygus Bug
Chart2
34.549.7512.254616.75000
12565.519.7552.75330.500
81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500
5866.524.253625.75000
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Diamondback Moth
Sheet1
Sweep ofCultivarReps4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610
211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5
30682151140
4724112721100
2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512
272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543
3207523732160
438800109753
3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304
213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541
313838327000
4313727143400
4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517
2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75
31224571121190
4105483774420
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
34.549.7512.254616.7500
12565.519.7552.75330.50
81.75102.522.7544.25170.250
5866.524.253625.7500
Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
12.512.547.2547.25
16.516.59595
131350.2550.25
13.7513.7565.565.5
Sheet2
DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05
1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700
22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500
30682065170
436331329390
2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222
2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5
321652385250
48218034530
3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801
26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25
397382727210
4144311183171
4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300
20581866.51724.2524363725.7500
389483560230
462993147430
Sheet3
LygusCultivarRep5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
1(Banjo)155022725818923112
21012.52318047.25028
311145439
424137750
2(Celsius)19662866139380160317
21216.51716.5150958379.25
313176123
432143051
3(Explorer)110522484020122119
21413402115050.256529.75
3105132
4272000
4(Jetton)10552681026282140
22413.751220.2514965.55235
3202400
41119113126
BIONOmics Plot Yield June 9, 2006 Harvest; One passage of 6 rows? wide and 100 ft long
Plot #CultivarYield in Kg% Area Cover
12.14
23.44
35.4
46.405
55.54
66.21
76.35
87.15
94.49
102.11
111.32
123.07
139.69
145.955
154.41
168.715
Sheet4
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000
Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500
Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500
Jetton5866.524.253625.75000
Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25
Celsius000016.516.59595
Explorer0000131350.2550.25
Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5
CSPWCSPWCSPWCSPWDBMDBMDBMDBMLygusLygusLygusLygus
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000
5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000
5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000
5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000
5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5
6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000
5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000
5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000
5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000
5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5
6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5
Sheet4
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
000000000000
CSPW Banjo
CSPW Celsius
CSPW Explorer
CSPW Jetton
DBM Banjo
DBM Celsius
DBM Explorer
DBM Jetton
Lygus Banjo
Lygus Celsius
Lygus Explorer
Lygus Jetton
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
4/25/05
5/2/05
5/9/05
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
CSPW
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Diamondback Moth
00000000
00000000
00000000
00000000
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Lygus Bug
Chart4
000012.512.547.2547.25
000016.516.59595
0000131350.2550.25
000013.7513.7565.565.5
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Tarnished Plant Bug
Sheet1
Sweep ofCultivarReps4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610
211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5
30682151140
4724112721100
2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512
272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543
3207523732160
438800109753
3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304
213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541
313838327000
4313727143400
4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517
2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75
31224571121190
4105483774420
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
34.549.7512.254616.7500
12565.519.7552.75330.50
81.75102.522.7544.25170.250
5866.524.253625.7500
Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
12.512.547.2547.25
16.516.59595
131350.2550.25
13.7513.7565.565.5
Sheet2
DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05
1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700
22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500
30682065170
436331329390
2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222
2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5
321652385250
48218034530
3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801
26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25
397382727210
4144311183171
4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300
20581866.51724.2524363725.7500
389483560230
462993147430
Sheet3
LygusCultivarRep5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
1(Banjo)155022725818923112
21012.52318047.25028
311145439
424137750
2(Celsius)19662866139380160317
21216.51716.5150958379.25
313176123
432143051
3(Explorer)110522484020122119
21413402115050.256529.75
3105132
4272000
4(Jetton)10552681026282140
22413.751220.2514965.55235
3202400
41119113126
BIONOmics Plot Yield June 9, 2006 Harvest; One passage of 6 rows? wide and 100 ft long
Plot #CultivarYield in Kg% Area Cover
12.14
23.44
35.4
46.405
55.54
66.21
76.35
87.15
94.49
102.11
111.32
123.07
139.69
145.955
154.41
168.715
Sheet4
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000
Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500
Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500
Jetton5866.524.253625.75000
Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25
Celsius000016.516.59595
Explorer0000131350.2550.25
Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5
CSPWCSPWCSPWCSPWDBMDBMDBMDBMLygusLygusLygusLygus
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000
5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000
5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000
5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000
5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5
6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000
5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000
5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000
5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000
5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5
6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5
Sheet4
CSPW Banjo
CSPW Celsius
CSPW Explorer
CSPW Jetton
DBM Banjo
DBM Celsius
DBM Explorer
DBM Jetton
Lygus Banjo
Lygus Celsius
Lygus Explorer
Lygus Jetton
4/25/05
5/2/05
5/9/05
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
CSPW
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Diamondback Moth
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Lygus Bug
Chart1
114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000
5661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000
20.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000
12.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000
4.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75
148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75
2.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5
0000000047.259550.2565.5
CSPW Banjo
CSPW Celsius
CSPW Explorer
CSPW Jetton
DBM Banjo
DBM Celsius
DBM Explorer
DBM Jetton
Lygus Banjo
Lygus Celsius
Lygus Explorer
Lygus Jetton
Date of Sampling
Mean Insect Count
Temporal Fluctuations
Sheet1
Sweep ofCultivarReps4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
CSPW1 (Banjo)12724568722419832950318327594610
211211428563120.75912.5124.5143148.542.5
30682151140
4724112721100
2(Celsius)1241558602472614344921746225507512
272139.55561.758035.7535231811.5191126.7543
3207523732160
438800109753
3(Explorer)187389492567316005551016135304
213397.251326428403413.7522.515288.2541
313838327000
4313727143400
4(Jetton)1111338263114018413303019834517
2-112.6619277.753646138.25157.59686.2561.75
31224571121190
4105483774420
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
cspwBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.5
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.753
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.251
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.75
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/05
34.549.7512.254616.7500
12565.519.7552.75330.50
81.75102.522.7544.25170.250
5866.524.253625.7500
Lygus5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
12.512.547.2547.25
16.516.59595
131350.2550.25
13.7513.7565.565.5
Sheet2
DBMCultivarRep4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/05
1(Banjo)175138701993492918486700
22734.52849.751312.256146316.7500
30682065170
436331329390
2(Celsius)11505001072621179572112613222
2521258565.53019.756852.75483300.5
321652385250
48218034530
3(Explorer)1203279041027910177276801
26681.75251102.52622.756744.25131700.25
397382727210
4144311183171
4(Jetton)181232101266149713144010300
20581866.51724.2524363725.7500
389483560230
462993147430
Sheet3
LygusCultivarRep5/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
1(Banjo)155022725818923112
21012.52318047.25028
311145439
424137750
2(Celsius)19662866139380160317
21216.51716.5150958379.25
313176123
432143051
3(Explorer)110522484020122119
21413402115050.256529.75
3105132
4272000
4(Jetton)10552681026282140
22413.751220.2514965.55235
3202400
41119113126
BIONOmics Plot Yield June 9, 2006 Harvest; One passage of 6 rows? wide and 100 ft long
Plot #CultivarYield in Kg% Area Cover
12.14
23.44
35.4
46.405
55.54
66.21
76.35
87.15
94.49
102.11
111.32
123.07
139.69
145.955
154.41
168.715
Sheet4
4/23/055/2/055/9/055/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
CSPWBanjo1145620.7512.54.5148.52.50
Celsius139.561.7535.752311.5126.7530
Explorer97.25644013.752.588.2510
Jetton112.6677.75468.257.586.251.750
DBM4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo34.549.7512.254616.75000
Celsius12565.519.7552.75330.500
Explorer81.75102.522.7544.25170.2500
Jetton5866.524.253625.75000
Lygus4/25/065/2/055/9/025/16/055/23/056/6/056/13/056/20/05
Banjo000012.512.547.2547.25
Celsius000016.516.59595
Explorer0000131350.2550.25
Jetton000013.7513.7565.565.5
CSPWCSPWCSPWCSPWDBMDBMDBMDBMLygusLygusLygusLygus
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.6634.512581.75580000
5/2/055661.756477.7549.7565.5102.566.50000
5/9/0520.7535.75404612.2519.7522.7524.250000
5/16/0512.52313.758.254652.7544.25360000
5/23/054.511.52.57.516.75331725.7512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.2500.50.25012.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.75000047.259550.2565.5
6/20/050000000047.259550.2565.5
BanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJettonBanjoCelsiusExplorerJetton
4/25/05114139.597.25112.664/25/0634.512581.75584/25/060000
5/2/055661.756477.755/2/0549.7565.5102.566.55/2/050000
5/9/0520.7535.7540465/9/0212.2519.7522.7524.255/9/020000
5/16/0512.52313.758.255/16/054652.7544.25365/16/050000
5/23/054.511.52.57.55/23/0516.75331725.755/23/0512.516.51313.75
6/6/05148.5126.7588.2586.256/6/0500.50.2506/6/0512.516.51313.75
6/13/052.5311.756/13/0500006/13/0547.259550.2565.5
6/20/0500006/20/0500006/20/0547.259550.2565.5
Sheet4
CSPW Banjo
CSPW Celsius
CSPW Explorer
CSPW Jetton
DBM Banjo
DBM Celsius
DBM Explorer
DBM Jetton
Lygus Banjo
Lygus Celsius
Lygus Explorer
Lygus Jetton
Date of Sampling
Mean Insect Count
Temporal Fluctuations
4/25/05
5/2/05
5/9/05
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
CSPW
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Diamondback Moth
4/25/06
5/2/05
5/9/02
5/16/05
5/23/05
6/6/05
6/13/05
6/20/05
Cultivars
Mean Count
Lygus Bug