R Scan and QCD Study at BESIII Haiming Hu R Group, IHEP January 13-15, 2004, Beijing.

R Scan and QCD Study at BESIII

Haiming Hu

R Group, IHEPJanuary 13-15, 2004, Beijing

Outline

MotivationR scanQCD related topicsSummary

Motivation (R value)

R value is an important parameter in the test of the Standard Model .

In 1998 -1999, two R scans were done in

2-5GeV with about error 7% at BES2. In order to decrease the uncertainty of the

calculations of the Standard Model parameters, more precision R measurement at BES3 are appealed.

Motivation (QCD topics)QCD is the unique candidate theory of strong interacti

on. QCD can describe the evolutions of the quark and gluo

n with large momentum transferring.QCD can not give complete calculations from the pri

mary qurks and gluons to hadrons. The knowledge of hadronization at low energy are rather poor or even blank.The pQCD needs more experiments to test and to deve

lop.

The low energy accelerators in the world

DANE

(Italy)

VEPP2000

(Russian)

BEPC3

(China)

CLEO-c

(US)

Ecm (GeV)

0.5 – 1.4 0.5 –2.0 2 –4 3.1 – 12

Luminosity(1030cm-2s-1)

50 (500) 100 [email protected]

500

R value measurement

R values between 2-5 GeV at BES2(1998 and 1999)

Broad resonant structure

R value status at some energy pointsPhys.Rev.Lett.88,(2002)101802-1

Ecm

(GeV)

Nhad N+N

L(nb-1) had 1+obs R

2.0 1155.4 19.5 47.3 49.50 1.024 2.18

3.0 2055.4 24.3 135.9 67.55 1.038 2.21

4.0 768.7 58.0 48.9 80.34 1.055 3.16

4.8 1215.3 93.6 84.4 86.79 1.113 3.66

Ecm

(GeV)

Nhad

error (%)

trig

error (%)

Lerror (%)

had

error (%)

1+obs

error (%)

Total

%

2.0 7.07 0.5 2.81 2.62 1.06 8.13

3.0 3.30 0.5 2.30 2.66 1.32 5.02

4.0 2.64 0.5 2.43 2.25 1.82 4.64

4.8 3.58 0.5 1.74 3.05 1.02 5.14

QED running coupling constant

Before BES experiments, the ratio of R error contribution to s) in 2-5 GeV account for about 53%.

After BES measurement of R, the ratio of error contribution reduce to about 30% in 2-5GeV.

decrease

Error estimation of the R measurement in 2004(estimated according to R scan in 1999)blue figures : R99 pink figures : R04

Ecm

(GeV)

Nhad events

selct

(%)

Lum.

(%)

1+δ

(%)

εhad

(%)

error

stat

(%)

error

sys

(%)

error

total

(%)

2.2 1,444

2,000

5.54

4.0

2.48

2.2

1.29

1.0

3.49

2.5

2.88

2.2

7.04

5.0

7.61

5.5

2.6 1,734

20,000

4.43

2.0

2.77

1.5

1.26

1.0

3.83

2.0

2.71

0.8

6.50

3.3

7.04

3.5

3.0 2,055

20,000

3.30

2.0

1.70

1.5

1.32

1.0

2.66

2.0

2.49

0.8

5.02

3.3

5.61

3.5

Hadronic efficiency εhad will be determined by using new developed

detector simulation Monte Carlo (BIMBES) based on GEANT3

In 2004, R value at 2.2 Gev, 2.6GeV, 3.0 GeV will be measured

The R errors of measured at BESII and the estimated R error at BESIII

error sources BESII (%) BESIII (%)

Luminosity 2-3 1

Hadronic model 2-3 1-2

Trigger efficiency 0.5 0.5

Radiative correction 1-2 1

Hadronic event selection 3 2

Total systematic error 7 2.5– 4

Very ro

ugh

The change of the uncertainty of QED s with the decrease of R error in 2-5 GeV

R error in 2-5 GeV

5.9 % 0.02761±0.00036

3.0 % 0.02761±0.00030

2.0 % 0.02761±0.00029

(If R error in other energy region fixed)

The aim of the precision of R measurement at BES3 (2-4%) is reasonable and hopeful

Some methods used in R measurement at BESII

(Some of them may be used at BES3)

LuminosityTwo independent ways were used to select wide-a

ngle Bhabha events, one sample to calculate the luminosity, another to estimate the efficiency.

The main luminosity error was the statistical error of the two samples. Large event sample will help for reducing the luminosity error.

Use Bhabha, two-photon and events to analysis luminosity and to find systematic errors.

Integrated luminosity cross check

Ecm

(GeV)

Lee (nb-1) Lμμ (nb-1) Lγγ (nb-1)

2.6 292.9±6.5 268.2±18.9 266.7±12.0

3.2 109.3±3.4 108.9± 8.6 106.0± 5.9

3.4 135.3±4.0 125.1± 9.8 130.7± 7.1

3.55 200.2±5.2 192.1±14.5 191.1± 9.7

BackgroundsUse M.C to estimate the residual QED backgrounds

Nll= ll ·L · ll , (l=e,,) N= · L ·

Use vertex-fitting to estimate

beam-associated backgrounds.

The better track resolution of

BES3 is benefit for reducing

beam associated backgrounds Gaussian+2 order polynomial fitting

Initial state radiative corrections Some schemes are studied

(1) G.Bonneau, F.Martin Nucl.Phys.B27,(1971)381 (2) F.A.Berends, R.Kleiss Nucl.Phys. B178, (1981)141 (3) E.A.Kureav, S.V.Fadin Sov.J.Nucl.Phys.41,(1985)3 (4) A.Osterheld et.al.

No.SLAC-PUB-4160(1986) (used)

In BES3 experiments more precision schemes are needed

Fenyman figures for ISR (to α3 order)

Formula used for ISR calculation

The difference of (1+) between scheme (3)

and (4), which is 1% in non-resonant region The radiative correction factor

calculated by scheme (4)

Hadronization Picture

Lund area law

Lund area law

Phase space

Partition function

Define n-particle multiplicity distribution

N and p are two free parameters tuned by data

Pn is used for controlling fragmentation hadron number in MC

BES raw data spectrum compared with LUARLW + detector simulation at 2.2 GeV

Check RQCD prediction

Central value of Rexp and RQCD agree well.

Is it true or due to error?

RQCD has 1σdeviation from both BES and measurements.

Is this the experimental error or new physics?

Determination of the running s

R value is predicted by pQCD

Where,

Solving the equation

One may obtain s

QCDRR

exp

Determination of the running s

Charged particle differential cross section

In QCD

Measure the differential cross section, one may get s

q : momentum

ηch : neutral particle correction

QCD Related topics

① Inclusive distribution e+ e- → h + X (h : π, K etc) The inclusive spectrums are governed by hadronization dynamics. In general, the single particle distributions are the function of (s, p// ,p ) .

The two questions are needed to answer: (i) how do the inclusive distributions change with (p// ,p) when s fixed? depends on the type of the initial state and the final state. (ii) how do the distributions change with the center of mass energy s? Feynman scaling assume the distributions are the function of the scaling variable x and p at large energies. Scaling assumption is a good approximate behave at high energy, but it has not been tested precisely at low energy.

The αs may be determined by the scaling deviation.

② Spectrum (to be published in PRD)

Variable :

Parameters :

BES data are reasonably well described by MLLA/LPHD.

MLLA : Modified leading log approximation

LPHD : Local parton and hadronic duality

Veriation of KLPHD as the function of Ecm

eff from different experiments

BES2

BES2

③ Form Factors Exclusive cross section is expressed as the product

of the phase space factor and form factor. The measurement of the form factor may check th

e phenomenological model, which is also the effective method to find short life-time particle.

The following channels may be measured with large sample obtained at BES3

e+ e- π+π- π+π-, π+π- π+π- π0 ,

π+π- π0π0 , π+π-, π+π-K+K-,

π+π-, K+K-, ppbar

④ e+e- π+ π- π+ π- (BES2)

Cross section (nb)

Form factor

form factor Phase-space factor

BES data

ND, DM2 data ND, DM2 data

BES data

Very

preliminary Very

preliminary

e+e- 2(π+ π- ) at BES3

M4πdistribution Ptotal distribution

2.2GeV 2.2GeV

BES3 BES3

BES2

2.6GeV 2.6GeVBES3 BES3

BES2

BES3 has better momentum resolution and larger acceptance than BES2, which will be helpful to the events selection and reduce the backgrounds.

⑤ e+ e- →p pbar at BES2

Form factor

Form factor by BES2 Form factor combined other experiments

⑤ e+ e- →p pbar ( momentum resolution of BES2 and BES3)

Ecm pexp p p p p

2.0 0.347 0.315 0.022 0.346 0.006

2.2 0.575 0.563 0.024 0.574 0.008

2.4 0.748 0.739 0.027 0.747 0.010

2.6 0.900 0.891 0.032 0.898 0.012

2.8 1.039 1.029 0.038 1.037 0.015

3.0 1.171 1.161 0.039 1.168 0.018

<===BES2===> <=== BES3===>experiment

Momentum resolution at BES3 is much better than BES2

⑥ Multiplicity Distribution The multiplicity is the basic quantity in reactions:

multiplicity distribution: Pn(s)

average multiplicity: <nch(s)>=nPn(s)

pQCD predicts the ratio of multiplicity of the gluon fragmentation to qurk fragmentation r=<nG>/<nF

> → CA /CF =9/4. This may be tested by analyzing : J/ data (gluon-fragmentation events account for 95%) 3.07 GeV data (gluon events may be neglected).

Multiplicity Distribution of BES2

The results of BES2

(To be published in PRD)

⑦ Correlation function The measurement of the correlation effects is more va

lid way to abstract the dynamical informations from data than from the single particle spectrum.

Correlation function C(x1,x2)=CL(x1,x2)+CS(x1,x2)

(x1,x2): kinematical observable for two particles,

CL/CS : long/short-range correlation functions.Lund model prediction to

C(x1,x2)=C

L(x1,x2)+CS(x1,x2)

⑧The Bose-Einstein correlation

The identical bosons is symmetric for the communication of any two bosons of same kind, which leads to the special statistic correlation, i.e. Bose-Einstein correlation (BEC).

BEC contains the space-time information of the hadronic sources. The space-time properties of hadronic source may be inferred by m

easuring the BEC functions R(Q2 ) for same charged /K pairs, where Q2 =(p1 –p2 )2 .

It is expected that the following subjects may be measured : (a) two-body correlation (b) inflections of multi-body correlation (c) inflections of the final state electromagnetic/strong interactions (c) multiplicity dependence of BEC (d) space-time form of hadronic source (e) BEC in the resonance decay, e.g. in J/ decay.

⑨ Fractal properties at low energy

One usually paid the attention to averaged distributions only.

The fluctuations are thought as the statistical phenomena for the finite particles number.

The events with abnormal high particle density condensed in small phase-space have been observed in several kinds of reactions at high energy.

The important questions to these discover are: (a) do the anomalous fluctuations have their intrinsic dynamics origins? (b) is the phase-space of the final state the isotropic or not? (c) is the phase-space the continuous or fractal? (d) do the intermittency observed at high energy exist at low energy? (e) can the intermittency be explained by the known theories (cascade , BEC)?

⑨ Fractal properties at low energy

The study of this topic has two aspects: (i) experiment aspect ： - measure the fractal moments - measure the Hurst index (ii) mechanism problem ： - whether the asymptotic fractal behavior in the

perturbative evolution of partons may be kept after the hadronization processes?

- and so on…

Summary

The high luminosity of BEPC2, the large geometry acceptance, good space and momentum resolution, good particle identification of BES3 will be beneficial to the R measurement and QCD studies at low energy.

The goal of the R measurement at BEPC2/BES3 is to reach the precision about 2-4%.

Some subjects which are interesting to low energy QCD will be studied experimentally with high precision.

R Scan and QCD Study at BESIII Haiming Hu R Group, IHEP January 13-15, 2004, Beijing.

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Transcript of R Scan and QCD Study at BESIII Haiming Hu R Group, IHEP January 13-15, 2004, Beijing.