R‘ - Pinnacle Enginesnews.pinnacle-engines.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/MotorFan... ·...

R‘ 9IL’'7B5-9&E

- ElIllustrated “V0188

mifi 1=PowertrainNEXT MOVEO ‘- -

Qh

7'7?" fiEl—§'J- -I>“>"J/iii‘/‘SF ilfif-35/HE fil\‘f7"J"J FPinnacle Engines/HCCI/I#»J|v=l-"—if‘5#7T."6NEXT MOVE

RE!MFi5'7JI:Ii¢'—- *“-;;1.r.:;;::':1'70”‘:07% F e

::'.fi:::::)dg¥echnology J”/_‘u'_7_“;’7 Tce12o'Powertraln Supercar Chronicle

BMWZ1

‘ ngmnfigm_

3%‘ - %

.WW§3%—%U\WW

EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

UH

IA.namlannPovnmtnh NEXVHOVE

V

€‘¥E7£C0)£if§§l¥0)7$— I:°7“¢vJu1;v‘z“:z;ta>at=rra1t°zI~:x1*x~‘2*/ —

fi'J'J>I}§>0')§b$fi-t:atré|J:$i1‘f:l.\ciz;»7')|«t:L,1:'Xhlx/|*~$¥3F‘E'\Ec-IE(fiEIA?»R'6#i,

1roz<r)+i%tf§.;J:-r:*‘iL-51:129.ifiifv fii fiénnztxlfibrctirvivl>§>z;

Elllfifil‘/:'/"Itb'Cl:J':'$U£C$:§3fi :<fJ:Z‘1.xtat.§T:bTE£7)J'§7££i3‘5|»‘&:E34J'7l‘$-E:EDDH

TEXTZMFi F|GUF¥ESIP"nnacle Engines

a5>7?v7b

7'7!>$'’‘/«'7§‘\

O i=lI'I'='lt'1|~"/If/"J"/s‘:flI7k3F3l’J’l3JI.‘2‘J‘zI“(Ii.£<. M3182 |~:»1‘/\;»'>._. rlicmc 5:;|a12:x-u-2.-551 r~>n<m§ei&#€-tétannrazé,I:":!"7Il«I>“x'lr1'€7J5(#I31t'Pl Fhl‘/“,r"xL1. 42!-121-7. '23-).mfiflkzt/w:Wi:£31Er7J>-J>51—’\vncéitéfififlflfiaLWLHHEZ+>Mfi?fi&$Mfimfivé:tf?é fiwufCTfiflfi&U>§—5ff—E$I2U$€Za:&T’5§fiU’)-‘l?— r~&Fv'JFHéfi§Z'J—7.riJI.3"4I|I‘&Hb‘T¥ fiE‘fiiEa

jessica

Text Box

Only its Architecture is Novel

jessica

Text Box

Pinnacle Engines' Opposed-Piston Engine

jessica

Text Box

Everyone wants to further improve the efficiency of gasoline engines. Pinnacle Engines brings

jessica

Text Box

this into reality by applying simplified and straightforward demands to completely zero-based

jessica

Text Box

thinking and reviving past technologies while adding to the process the techniques of today.

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Text Box

Just what could be the aim and purpose of an automotive engine with such a curious mechanism?

jessica

Text Box

Crankshaft

jessica

Text Box

Exhaust Port

jessica

Text Box

Air Intake

jessica

Text Box

Crankshaft

jessica

Text Box

Air Intake/Compression Side Cylinder

jessica

Text Box

Air Intake

jessica

Text Box

Expansion/Exhaust Side Cylinder

jessica

Text Box

Exhaust Port

jessica

Text Box

About Opposed-Piston Engines

jessica

Text Box

Opposed-piston engines differ from horizontally opposed engines. As illustrated, this is an engine in which pistons that face each other share a combustion chamber. Pinnacle Engines utilize here a 4-stroke opposed-piston engine. In short, in traditional arrangements, it is necessary for the cylinder head to abut the intake and exhaust valves. However, traditional structures cannot be utilized with opposed-piston construction. Accordingly, Pinnacle made this work by changing the location of the cylinder liner, making it possible to use a sleeve valve mechanism to open and close the port on the wall surface.

I1‘/.'\.C’}~f;'5'1‘XI/')3‘/

Bflfi L2l'<"UH£I‘TW!. 7‘5‘»’:"/v7!-112$-:Z~§’éIEn-IND. "z‘)‘z5f-1‘-:1-'Iff£I."rL J'£llW§Il.'.'fi<. WC.IJ\$|.\Ilt§2tfi‘['£éZtIi‘T!§i1)I'J‘!.§fi,.E79)?Ei!I!IE'l‘IflTfl ‘J'ElSEt1$ilYI1E7Jl1S“.;i(Llfi 'Jéw. lEIM>11”IbI.fl'§lD|'-§1I§¢')7’tI'Lll.KKK:Er'56hG3~1<‘:. 136 Hfl °T"J\‘.’ fi 3‘i fi .liflfifillEIEEEE!FFlL‘fE5"7..

FFl!!‘EtTJ5i!MTtU)J§J4ah42.1. afn £75»--3B5tbf:.t:6+. utazumrnxy-J>1:tt»<‘(mi}?!-‘-1:;¢1ir/:l1'):I.1:/.2’'.«2ttif:n>:wHm1'. W7-I-L.—>gu:aJjg7:uaF¢1«3nar.-'55.,

hhbh#I>V7K$m5flflH.fi{?9&7bmMMmflTh£omfi%m$Lf#ex4>9+7r®M#Mm%mb:rumwuux§mmmuwz.wwmnma¢:a¢wx5t.fi W#t%u§<0mm&fi h\é§$i&i&&$amLt§taHflMWI>vytLrmntmua&#v+—%4aw+mnaLr®#yuv.sxU?4~aw(%H?)*4¢w+fi MtwimAfi bt fl . flflfi#mnru$$ew5M%fl&fi$L\mmawm2wnML.Muufi mm&##umEhov. 1|11’I.A.L'C 37.2%-‘i5I5"C"$Z::.

7—r‘1H:fi'Ef:_,‘.§E_'

-I031‘/:>"2!§.'C[*I$«‘;"J'P:?¥lIlI!J’m‘Jt.E:)5’!Erl1!|J{€<.Jjéfififiti [C9212Vkilé‘biifltflfi-*&5IFB3ha1'v¢1|1L'L‘Jt%i?:r EVWL-"7"? HQFJZ bilf-6‘ Nib‘-""7'* !~L-*‘t'+'93T$-}

L#Lfifi®RfiHfl#fiL3&ML.HMWm1>V7Kfl m&&%fi $#%é9HB fl1mam§.Mmm2fi:vvvnbm## fid300&5ot&iH.#9U>1>vV®fiM$fiuu fim%$mML#k#&&w#\%n%£m15twum#mmt1hfl mmmRt&oT)9$?7fi $t\1V9?&WfiuMEt5:a#?3&u¢tai¢.W%fiimr&m&mon$wmm+4¢»mmmwo&ofi#.%mwM£fiHfifi umflE#§r.HMmmz>v>m;5unfi£mmmLwfl matrmmfi mvukwott fi ot

1>V>flWfitBuHH&<fifi¥~?-KfiH&MmL.&fim&fl$®&#t flLhT|-‘be%:u.1:—¢tMfi § fi %fifi 1VV:

Tic?-‘>75‘h‘f:¢ 7*)‘ ‘J 7) - ‘P ') :1"/NI.’-=$'fl

.|3.i&T»'SPinnac|c Engincsfl ; (ET? llv-I->54’77$) T5559 ??}i¢:u|iEE!flI‘. fi$.‘I:u‘_'&3i3:‘l.‘§'.1?VVKt¢T®flfl®fiMhflE5fi6&§#tu5fim#6mfiEflb.NWE1$?1Vy7tw5&muflfl LtD:#tmH§h&#BLfl&P#HWE1F>I?§VHWu&LTfiLwbmTm&<.#0T fifl %W

amfimagliwmszattt J .4 >-vszmurnnsznugmugmttlwiaanu sr.m:. an :nr1I|t-‘Tiegsln LJEESIII slam,-:1 IflEEIB;{|VGilIilln(A7PlMI)t7)E!leJ:3EflBlI} s l.EEIJtJtI?-5=:tl: ‘ad mu5:. flflt fltéCCIEIMDé*9IllIltiE"lO<3H.J<»t7|!Mfi >fi !¥l9LEH8 fl ?EEFHHZJEZWIF.1¢|£I54§Iih|il8HiiIi2ILI-Eflfi t fi ti fl n

”0‘|fl‘FlIInunu 059

jessica

Text Box

This is an example of a 3-cylinder, 12 liter engine. Even though 2 crankshafts are required, the absence of a cylinder head affords such features as an extremely low-set and slender small engine. As long as both cranks are rotating in opposite-phase to each other, reciprocating inertia force is perfectly balanced, with little vibration. Once lubrication issues are clear, there is also a high degree of freedom when it comes to installation, with length and width dimensions allowing for standing the engine up or laying it on its side.

jessica

Text Box

Compact Dimensions

jessica

Text Box

The Powertrain

jessica

Text Box

If Installed in a Honda Fit

jessica

Text Box

Under study is a front-wheel drive, 5-speed manual transmission combination. Looking at it from above, the bulk/volume of the front/back dimensions are increased compared to the standard arrangement, but owing to the overall compact size of the engine, the total mass of the powertrain body will most likely be lowered.

jessica

Text Box

Looking at this engine, one could be forgiven for thinking, “How in the world can this be loaded into the vehicle?” One technician has replied, “The shape of the vehicle should be changed to match this engine.”

jessica

Text Box

The work that we require from an engine is the main shaft’s rotary motion. Technicians have racked their brains to come up with a wealth of ideas on how to minimize loss from the point of fuel combustion to rotary motion, with detailed investigations to ensure that there is no leakage. As for the currently widely-used automotive engine combinations of the Otto cycle + gasoline-fueled combination, as well as with the diesel (Sabathe) cycle, ever since the invention of the automobile, all possibilities have been investigated, with repeated successes and failures and even from time to time political elements hindering the process. Here we have the long-fought results of these processes. However, in recent years as environmental strictures have increased, dramatic requests for improvement have now come to the fore, and we are nearing the limit of what these two types of engines mentioned above can do. For example, improved fuel efficiency is indispensable to making gasoline engines more efficient, but in order to make this happen, if a high volume ratio is assumed, the subsequent high compression ratio will lead to knocking, and regular engine operation will not be possible. A high-expansion ratio cycle using a variable volume ratio mechanism is one ideal example, but variable stroke mechanisms for engines with greatly fluctuating loads, such as those for automobiles are too complex to be practical. Consequently, engine technicians were forced to come up with an electric motor as a means of solving this problem, and are working hard toward improved overall efficiency. Here is where engineers came in, bringing with them a unique perspective from the America’s Silicon Valley-based company Pinnacle Engines. Without being tied to existing concepts, they pushed development from the inspired question of just what the ideal fuel-combustion engine might look like, and concluded that it would take the form of the opposed-piston engine. Many of us have already heard that opposed-piston engines themselves are nothing new. As for 2-stroke opposed-piston engines using piston valves, these enjoy a long and successful track record of implementation in ships, aircraft and tanks. (continued on page 61)

jessica

Text Box

O60

flL\"41'?|-

muj11929‘ 712+:-1<— A

C .'»U.J-7IUl.v7t¢$im-‘M-7 H:’75>9-‘/v7|~i&1§t:§EfI\ 7’—1_xE’fl“L»T‘>'J >5!-a++—nwa+.n J:E.€1T)‘5ELfl)BE§i!l*J@€;-{>27--7 :1--i—xr-:r.'— |~§'flfl|'£8-¢r_*§1'fl£1;‘i’§;é. -)1-“.'c7)?{h§1£Ea1:5.:¢Eo~a1IJ—7:<;v7'HF¥$éh.’r;., n=ota)zI1—1u<Jv1L;§iU#7ii§'('|:’:*'7Jl»:‘:l:£|Ii§7)*’!$:’.‘>fl‘. 31111.55. sIit§4lfi.t L.'c'iFH{l:$iI.f;tm0). i’-.Ii'4'6&’.‘H:l:§*3=h‘I»oi‘.-D E.'f€c7)fifl fEfi §L\Etflf;L.?IE2\%'t;'|'&fiF§[i‘Eib£1¥fi'6’-5n>=., 32?.-. £|fil flI§I!i'¢-5Z&:t:J:E-H1'Iil3l.\h'h"7}‘c.

"z'J'25i-‘T11’‘J'-

<’:¢7)J'7l:1’E!-4§‘§'éi3'

|:")'f71\«I”1:'z"/1'i3!"{‘l.'.lIl)c¢I>ii>EE'-‘Td00|§M'73iI1'?1 f-§i§¥|tTI.‘§l‘l'T'?‘r2. S20OElDIlI71%$I.3£t -I40OIDrrH7)i2KH7J%§EE!.€'SEEIZVMJSEL. T1‘ l-‘n.I:5‘E6tL*5:"1M‘1‘7JH.‘-. f¥lHZ7<I&lfi'Fl1!.6flair-:fttI.")..I fil1im:E\.\fiEf&IHi1t1‘0Ji||3Il11§IIi?m.Ib‘!Fresin-., Cfl ’J.I2/:7‘/(D—IVJNF" fi fELNZ,fl|§2¥\-‘r$.1°r5‘5g

l'Ub71?iair-Jlv H.lI»-'.'7"/-|*{fl l."C'-NMKI) 5‘-f‘)'—:)‘.1:)-f|"LTFF-I-iflll. ‘Tl. ‘bfil

n. L IH

F1'nnaclIa250uc ' ‘ >_ — ""pow“cR=15:I...—--

5“i ,

K‘ 5* ‘ | Mair//ifcfi-I-5|

\~201a "§C“p-7'“‘?¢:: ’(nit.

1-——-q\‘\,_.—% E ”' J-flu‘-*<; "fin

2 / _\' \_Pinnacle zsocc ‘ ’ i 250cc Popoel'normara:I GR . I ; : ‘‘‘—'nonnar9:1‘v-5'-«"""""""'“' 3'30 I 2 3 4. 5 6 7 LT

Ffifi i fi ttftl fi lCI?-r

E|§VJIH¥M'5.,EIif7T=9§iEJlH#'S Vtflfil fl illS§I)tl.uE'P03iIn‘31lfi l.$‘FiJ‘U(7)H$fiS VRU)I'_fI;l.'_t£;R‘)§$¥IH:47)E-ll£'$bTLV5:.S Vfl ; fl ‘IJ'\EL\HEM¥l.tl<'C"3§if!lKf/Alba.250cc'(‘l:t!!L.-M33. I150)-1"‘-7 ?~JU|»7fléi‘£'L‘l3£1 fi€F‘I£1-_l.‘.B8fl.:°J‘33%:‘."‘. I1|~I:I—9l'D‘2'?§Li1‘tZ:i:I'ISIE:’7‘~I->I>§>1‘|:1'I~1U3il}:t&I£LT;’I-El-‘.l3I|.a<S VltETBfv§C£0’1“E§o

iéE£fl3mISt§:fJ\»‘:§!?ELf::v’igu5:Ii§%-c\Iu'1'11uu— 7 _; *11.11:»-v-In ‘ \

msc-rm |V:-one ' ' ‘ ’ ,'(mu ‘\ ,\'A-cm: urn-\ nu .sqgomm *\.l‘.'I.lD'7.'4‘lflL_W|‘

\ /fll2:'zr>r:«'):- ‘w j _I-WW‘

X‘-u 1'1: 'II|IlI1‘l’I:’IT!'-'n‘\‘1|J-7:€nJ)1flK:’1l->J.:rJ’.-

8:

"»‘I"‘:*'D-7-'5"AT£"5?R""3’U‘ "3'y'.75"J'r‘II1!’il‘

-’Ii*!i‘-‘ifiIl:.1H*I>'ixLft;0'D1J‘

!EHll:tCD¥§fJ'*'7. i!:l§¢’>fll§!§miM"‘2I‘a“.»'2'EE9Ii‘!‘§tfiI!l‘z EV?» I-El-’J'l:*£|J. iflli fl1_'r‘j‘4Hfi?l:S E I17‘! l7'IE),ttfl‘fl‘fi'T’L3!£ -C 7;§u‘1C!.'I'EL Elfl i fi llr’/'lr£L-Tllifl:'r'§'Ifi$5IE¢Z'.‘r§o ‘TIT. iéffilfl I-‘/I‘w'/'.‘2tTfIl8'X§CDS BJ:t1W-THt'.1 b>G)S EH‘.fl')2f£lZ&%4 -?I7J&$‘l‘|1Dl$%!EI'€J|«-7ffEI‘L‘!Q C kiasi }UJ—1I<Jb1&HI.‘hlL‘LI7Dffll58-I¥iXT'8 5., flfi2=P5€’\0)fi¢L7'9'5'07&'!Il1‘€‘ E’-Z£|.UP'. E7"JJ|-Iir‘/"xl1.:'1‘-'-l*-03Lr1'T'"1 |- iiflé:t2f757i§lJEBil:2$lI."C\.‘§J:E7/5.

jessica

Text Box

The camshaft is a mechanism positioned near the crankshaft and moves the cylinder liner with its arm, and opens and closes the intake and exhaust ports that surround the wall surfaces near the top dead center. Sleeve valves recall the sleeves of a shirt, and were so named. Traditional sleeve valves have been of the sliding type, and differ from Pinnacle valves’ construction, but even though they were implemented in cars and aircraft, never achieved widespread use. The question is whether, utilizing current technologies, intake and exhaust regular functioning can be brought to fruition, as well as how they will endure the test of long-term driving.

jessica

Text Box

About Sleeve Valves

jessica

Text Box

Camshaft

jessica

Text Box

Spring Seat

jessica

Text Box

Cylinder

jessica

Text Box

Cylinder Liner

jessica

Text Box

Sparkplug

jessica

Text Box

Cantilever

jessica

Text Box

Valve Spring

jessica

Text Box

Pinnacle Engines already announced that it completed 400-hour endurance testing using a 110 cc engine. In an idle return test cycle that alternated between the maximum horsepower occurrence point of 6200 revolutions and the maximum horsepower at 4400 rpm, it was reported that no substantial drops in performance were seen. We look forward to seeing the performance shown in long-term continuous running at low-revolution, low-load levels in near-actual conditions. This vital point in the engine is of particular interest.

jessica

Text Box

How It Runs

jessica

Text Box

Valve Seat (In closed position)

jessica

Text Box

Valve-stem Seal

jessica

Text Box

Liner Slides to Open Port

jessica

Text Box

This is excerpted from Nissan materials. The vertical axis denotes efficiency, the horizontal axis the S/V ratio (the combustion chamber surface area and volume). The arcs in the middle of the graph indicate the amount of exhaust gas, and the straight lines on the lower left indicate the limits that accompany changes in the S/V ratio. The smaller the S/V ratio, the higher the possible efficiency, but there is a limit. When compared to a 250 cc, the traditional poppet valve-type unit has a natural limit on the arc, but in the case of the obtaining of equal volume ratio in an opposed-piston engine, where the number of actual strokes is doubled, it is possible to significantly lower the S/V ratio.

jessica

Text Box

This is from the notes of Dr. Hatamura. Designing an engine starting from ideal combustion chamber conditions entails a very long stroke, and because in traditional setups the S/B (stroke to bore) ratio becomes abnormal, usage in an automobile engine ultimately is not feasible. Thus the S/B ratio of one piston side in an opposed-piston engine is double that of the actual S/B ratio. The intake and exhaust valves cannot be arranged as is, but a sleeve valve solves this problem. Placement of the sparkplug toward the center of the combustion chamber is not possible, but in a Pinnacle engine, the layout of the ports does not appear to take place around the whole circumference, but features 2 plugs arranged around the outer periphery.

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Text Box

High Capacity Ratio Study

jessica

Text Box

Why an Opposed-Piston Engine?

O VCR(FI3!EEfi li’.)0DFIiE1E’J'5‘/7'2/1-7HZi&§E7>7JA7:-*1’-0)J:€v¢3IiE{i1EIl!¢lflflFriA€:t'<‘. filK31ll=|:I>'JL»’E‘¥¥T‘iiu‘:l.\fJZ'9?-1., h“1lIJOJ’75>7E€5Hfi:U$<m5uuflOELfimnU\$tGmEZh>®Lfi§flfifimum—?mg<tu. fimuaafifigmafltmmstanaagHi‘&t?®75>7f&at<fi —91E>7THHflfil$Hfi E®T‘figflflfififilbfk flfiiéfi i fihétvfihflfin

m,fi %m&anawruxr>n»1&wo22:21 l~ fl—.’7¢7):tIlFIlE/‘K F >1‘! -'/'3/c‘: LT.¥&£mkEntifiw$%1y§>Tb5q$#b‘mmmfim:v§>uMLfxzruwififlmtaéfl nyrxkuraé fifikb®&NfiatoLwL7ava9+7r%#m¢w&:a\enu:s&5ammmomx&Mwfifi mmfifi #e4zrn—9m£m#muvaa:a,s5::xr—xw++>xmmm&Ewa.w:?urm910:>vyJ9.‘ LT‘7)W:'!1r‘i‘:H'k~IL'C3r‘-Z3.»%ht£§w3WNmmfi #.&&Mfifi 0

mfi VUn—?aVtLT fl NKfi ot0#gWfl 0z>V:Tf55}=—~fi 4»:77xEufM$mmfimk.fifi $&Wflé. flHWfi RuI$ fifl Wi& flfififi R%fl W#%éJ&mmaLr$wrwaumewnmuzb>;yvVmw%flAm#&m.4zbu—¢#47wfé&:znfi K& fi t.#0TmHmE2b>;7v7ttu21+u—¢#4¢»rah\mmx#&&m¢aauvr~

fiwFfi¥fifl ckC&#6‘RflMt$T(HmMmtT%:tfi TétoL¢L41rU—7tT5tmuummfi mtbmnw7mm#%fi?&£o%:?w5HxU~7nw7&w5¥&&£Afi o:hb$t\ fi %5i§$&RAfl&En1—%?%mfi ént%mn~mI=1f.':rR«\'-2 l~1Ul~7'0‘."fHU:l3I5o'C7'l'1i0€l.h?£#i'E.‘3:u-31:9

HMEXb>1PV?N$&fi h fl ®H, fiwmk&fl ¢mKWi%&<ny¢z+u—7E Li.-fi'of:7J'F:e :l]]’Ff:0>¢L‘/ ii‘/T.‘fi:d1Ii'Uyr1bu—7muab&w¢#$Tt&mNW7fi $$5(&cTL§5#.KU—7Nw7mm&e:ot<mw&L.Hxr>mmmtgHw7Utz&&H6%%uR<&m:vH9b&flfi%&$m?§5tw5bnflDEn£Eh#HTmt#0TwfiW&.mfimfifi ?m$$?aufi&&$Mu#0#uEt2%f.$fi Ltm:a&m£Ltfim#HmHzb7L>V7&w57:—7v+fi e7‘:0)1'.‘a3>Zu

Dr, Halamu

\\_j Professuzmal eye

fl£flrE1L0)f:m:m5&ilJ:t (iligiltk)u¢§tJmc0fifi§3ufifiw?étmuH¥¢fifi§m&ut5.E$utéts vnwmwv5twu.#£ll§I5E1:M:.'nnL.‘(Fi§3!€3:!tt{ta)fi¥frE1

im¥mmfiflUfi5n¢<t5_sVRm¢m&wm?§tmu.fi 3flfi@I7§?mD?5ZbD—7E&oTfirm; amimxyvvrus Bk12fiEETD>9ZhD-flmfifihTstw;s Bw15~20E3u¢§uumfim7fi>0H%TumEm£é.Hmtzryms Bk1TL.¥S Br|:l.12£:i§:étT7J|«l.i. 1')-7I\'Jlr

7§amuranm,#muunwa:y>yr&éu

wmfl il fl td051

jessica

Text Box

(cont’d from page 59) Also in those days, engines of the traditional construction were arranged so that they could obtain a super-long stroke with the doubling of the number of actual strokes. However, with the doubling of the need for crankshaft parts, the accompanying increases in mechanical loss, the low feasibility of making intake/exhaust valves into a 4-stroke, and further cost and maintenance issues, currently there is too much of a reliance on the “traditional engine.” Why exactly have these throwbacks of a past era been revived in current times as cutting edge solutions? Tony Willcox, an engineer at the company, offers the explanation, “Minimization of heat loss, speed of fuel combustion, increases in fuel efficiency owing to super-high expansion ratios, and the ease of realizing variable volume ratios.” The best feature of their opposed-piston engine is the 4-stroke cycle. The examples of opposed-piston engines mentioned above are 2-stroke, and because there is no need for cylinder heads with intake/exhaust valve arrangements, their opposing-placement is relatively easy. However, in order to achieve the 4-stroke cycle, a valve mechanism for intake and exhaust is necessary. Here they chose to use the sleeve valve method. This also has undergone a variety of trials over the years and even though some have been made practical, the rise and widespread use of the general poppet valve had rendered them an extinct technology. The reason the opposed-piston engine was chosen is because of the desire to minimize cooling loss with a long stroke. In standard engines, the introduction of long stroke means small-diameter boring, with small valve diameters as well, but this presents no problem at all for sleeve valve mechanisms. The need for placement of a valve recess on the piston crown surface also disappears and is the reason that a compact combustion chamber becomes possible. Here we have an almost-forgotten past technology being rebuilt using current technology. It might be the novel architecture that catches one’s eye, but the results that were in pursuit of the desired goal just happened to take this format of the opposed-piston engine.

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Stamp

jessica

Text Box

When a high expansion ratio (high compression ratio) is achieved in order to improve fuel efficiency, what results is a flat combustion chamber owing to the reduced TDC combustion chamber volume. If the S/V ratio of flat chambers is increased, which causes increased coolant loss, then the high expansion rate does not lead to the improved fuel efficiency results as expected. In order to keep the S/V ratio down, high compression-ratio engines have often come to be of the long stroke variety. Among automobile engines, long-stroke S/B ratios have been increased up to approximately 1.2 up to now, but it would be too much to ask of current-shape crank mechanisms to reach an S/B ratio of approximately 1.5-2.0. If Pinnacle's engine sleeve valves are successfully utilized, where the S/B ratio of a single piston might even be 1 with an actual S/B ratio of 2,the engine would be extremely attractive.

jessica

Text Box

jessica

Text Box

We have here an investigation that showed that by incorporating variable phase mechanisms like traditional cam phasers into the crankshaft, it is possible to realize a variable compression-ratio engine. If one of the cranks starts to rotate faster (or slower) than the other, the two pistons arrival at top dead center ceases to be a simultaneous event, and an increase in what is the minimum volume of the combustion chamber can be achieved. In theory, if the 2 pistons move with exactly the same timing, maximal volume ratio is achieved, and this is how the properties of an engine with a decreasing volume ratio can be changed.

jessica

Text Box

Possibilities for VCR (Variable Compression Ratio)

R‘ - Pinnacle Enginesnews.pinnacle-engines.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/MotorFan... ·...

Documents

Transcript of R‘ - Pinnacle Enginesnews.pinnacle-engines.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/MotorFan... ·...