FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

Rainer Vogt, Volker Scheer, Roberto Casati

Ford Forschungszentrum Aachen GmbH

Comparison of PM exhaust emissionComparison of PM exhaust emissionmeasurements: Cmeasurements: Chassis dynamometer hassis dynamometer

versus versus on-road chasing on-road chasing

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

 

ObjectivesObjectives• To measure the PM emissions of the VW TDI by chasing the exhaust plume with the Ford Mobile Laboratory (FML) at three constant speeds and fixed distance on a test trace

• To measure the PM emissions of the VW TDI with the PARTICULATES dilution system at the FFA chassis dynamometer at the same constant speeds and during the NEDC

• To compare the results obtained with the PARTICULATES dilution system with real-world dilution measured during chasing the exhaust plume with a special focus on nucleation particles

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

On-road chasing of exhaust plumeOn-road chasing of exhaust plume

Test vehicle:1.8 l Dieselspeed, fuel consumption exhaust temperatures

Ford Mobile Lab:SMPS, CPC, NOx, CO, T and RH

Test track: high speed oval, 4 km/lap

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

In-let for on-road sampling In-let for on-road sampling

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

Exhaust chasing of diesel vehicle Exhaust chasing of diesel vehicle at different speedsat different speeds

Diesel car, 40 ppm S fuel,distance 14 m, T=19°C, RH=60%

0

200

400

600

800

NO

x / p

pb

0

40000

80000

120000

160000

N /

# cm

-3

NOxN

0

100

200

300

400

11:50 12:00 12:10 12:20 12:30

T /

°C,

spee

d / k

m h

-1

0

20

40

60

80

fuel

/ m

g st

roke

-1

T post-cat.T pre-muffl.T post-muffl.T tailpipespeedfuel

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

PM size distribution during chasing atPM size distribution during chasing atdifferent speeds: 360 ppm S fuel different speeds: 360 ppm S fuel

Diesel car #1; 360 ppm S fuel; with oxidation catalyst;14m distance; T=14°C; RH=50%

1E+11

1E+12

1E+13

1E+14

1E+15

1E+16

10 100 1000

Dp / nm

dN

/dlo

g(D

p)

/ #

km-1 120 km/h; 0.4 s

100 km/h; 0.5 s70 km/h; 0.7 s50 km/h; 1.0 s

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

Time evolution of nucleation mode Time evolution of nucleation mode particlesparticles

0100200300T / °C ; speed / km h-1

09:3509:4009:4509:5009:5510:0010:0510:10

T post-cat.T pre-mufflerT post-mufflerT tailpipespeed

10 20 30 40 50 60 80 100 200 300

0,0

E+

00

1,0

E+

14

2,0

E+

14

3,0

E+

14

dN/dlog(Dp) / # km-1

Dp / nm

Diesel car, 320 ppm S fuel, T=17°C, RH=57%

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

Dynanometer exhaust dilution & Dynanometer exhaust dilution & sampling sampling

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

Principle of the Matter-DiluterPrinciple of the Matter-Diluter

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

Diesel car #1; 350 ppm S fuel; with oxidation catalyst;roller dyno; rotating disc diluter; T=25°C; RH=50%

1.E+11

1.E+12

1.E+13

1.E+14

1.E+15

1.E+16

10 100 1000

Dp / nm

dN/d

log(

Dp)

/ #

km

-1 120 km/h100 km/h70 km/h50 km/h

Dynamometer at different speeds: 350 ppmSDynamometer at different speeds: 350 ppmS

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

DeliverablesDeliverables

·  • Emission factors for particle number and size as measured by the PARTICULATES sampling system at three constant speeds and during the NEDC

• Emission factors for particle number and size as measured during exhaust chasing on a test track with the same vehicle and the same constant speeds

• Comparison of the chassis dynamometer results with the results from the exhaust chase experiments to provide the link to real atmospheric dilution conditions

FFA contribution to PARTICULATES

ScheduleSchedule

Dec. 2002 - Feb.2003 Preparation of chasing and dyno measurements

March 2003 Chasing on test track and chassis dynanometer

April-June 2003 Data evaluation and reporting