Quy Trình Sản Xuất Cá Nục Xốt Cà

I HC NHA TRANG

Tiu lun C NC ST C CHUA

GVHD : TRN THANH GIANG

I HC NHA TRANG

VIN CNG NGH SINH HC MI TRNG

--- (( ( (( ---

Tiu lun mn:CNG NGH HP

LP: 50SHNHM THC HIN :

GVHD: TRN THANH GIANG

SINH VIN:MSSV

Nguyn Th Phng50131217

Nguyn Th Thu Hoi50130387

Bi Th Nga501300972

Nguyn Th Ch Hiu50130357

NHA TRANG, Thng4 nm 2011

Li m u

Thi i cng nghip ha ca nn kinh t th trng ua chng ta vo vng xoy ca nhng cng vic bt tn. c bit ngi ph n ngy nay khng ch quan tm n cng vic ni tr m cn cc cng vic khc ngoi x hi. H khng cn nhiu thi gian nu nhng ba cm tht ngon, vi nhng mn n giu cht dinh dng v c mt cu hi t ra l lm sao gii quyt chuyn ny mt cch nhanh chng (va c ba n ngon, b inh dng m li khng mt nhiu thi gian) hiu c iu ngnh cng nghip hp ra i.

Vit Nam ngnh hp vn cn non tr nhng ang pht trin nhanh chng.Nc ta vi li th v ngun li thy sn phong ph, cc sn phm c ng hp ang ngy cng c u chung th trng trong nc.

Mt trong nhng sn phm c ng hp ang bn rt trn th trng l C nc st c, vi ngun nguyn liu r, sn phm ny khc bit vi cc sn phm tng t trn th trng v ang dn tr thnh mt hng ch lc trong cc cng ty sn xut hp, nhm em xin gii thiu n C v loi sn phm ny.

Tng quan sn phm

Cng nh c ti, c hp l mt loi thc phm c nhiu protein, cht bo v mui khong. Protein ca c ging nh hu ht cc protein ng vt khc, c nhiu amino acid cn thit cho c th. Cht bo trong c hp cha nhiu vitamin A v D hay l du thc vt tinh ch ( du lc, du hng dng, du liu,) trong c hp ngm du.

Vitamin trong c hp gm cc loi vitamin ho tan trong cht bo ( nh vitaminA, D, K) thng thy trong du gan c v cc loi ho tan trong nc nh: B, C, PP...Cc mui khong ch yu trong c hp l: mui canxi, photpho, st, ng,.trong cn c c cc nguyn t vi lng rt cn thit cho c th nh: t, liti,nh hng ca vic s dng hp n thai nhiTrong thai k, ph n thng thch n v chua, thch n hoa qu ng hp. Tuy nhin, trong nhiu loi hoa qu ng hp ny c cha cht bo qun, ph gia, cht ty trng, cht chng oxy ha... cc cht ny s to iu kin cho vi khun Clostridium botulinum pht trin, c th dn ti nguy c ng c thc phm, rt nguy him cho sc kho ca m v thai nhi. c th gy nh hng khng tt n s pht trin ca thai nhi, v th cc b bu cn tm hiu k v c cch phng trnh ph hp.Khuyn co i vi ph n mang thai l: tt nht khng nn n thc phm ng hp, c bit l trong giai on u mang thai. nhng giai on, sau bn c th s dng hp, nhng cn hn ch v cn mua nhng hp ti nhng ca hng uy tn, cn kim tra k nhn mc v kim nh cht lng trc khi s dng.

PHN I: TNG QUAN NGUYN LIUI. Nguyn liu chnh

1. C nc

a. Thnh phn dinh dng ca c nc.

Bng1: thnh phn dinh dng ca c nc

Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100 g thc phm n c

Nng lng Thnh phn chnh Mui khong

NcProteinLipidphospho

StNatri Kali

Kcal G Mg

9376,421,30,82162,367246

b. Kim tra cht lng c nc

Mc ch: Phn hng v nh gi phm cht ca nguyn liu x l v ch bin. Cc tiu chun kim tra cht lng nguyn liu:

- ln b v bo gy ca nguyn liu:

ln b v bo gy ca nguyn liu c nh hng n quy trnh k thut v cht lng sn phm. ln b quyt nh thnh phn cu to, khi lng ca nguyn liu v sn phm. bo gy ni ln thnh phn ha hc v gi tr dinh dng.

- Mc nguyn vn ca nguyn liu:

Nguyn liu cng nguyn vn thi gian gi cng di v cng bo qun c tt do cht lng cng cao. Nguyn liu b xy xt, bm dp nhiu th cht lng cng gim nhiu. V vy cn kim tra k mc nguyn vn ca nguyn liu a vo x l.

- Mc ti n ca nguyn liu:

Nguyn liu sau khi cht xy ra hng lot cc bin i lm gim cht lng c. Do cn kim tra k mc n thi ca chng v phn loi x l ring.

Tm li khi nhn nguyn liu c phi ti, ng u v kch thc, khi lng v mu sc, c mi c chng, tht c cn chc, nguyn vn khng b tn thng, mt ti trong khng n thi

2. C chua

Qu c chua gm c v, tht qu, dch qu v ht. Qu c chua bn trong qu c nhiu bung ht (2 20 bung ht) cha y dch qu v ht. Qu c hm lng cht kh cao (nhiu bt).

2.1. Thnh phn dinh dng

Bng 2.1: Thnh phn dinh dng trong c chua.

Thnh phn dinh dng trong 100g c chua

GlucidDngTinh bt

2 5 %0.07 0.26 %

Acid hu c0.4 %

KhongNaCaFeMgZn

g

3130.4110.2

VitaminVitamin KVitamin CBetacroten

7.940393

2.2. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 2.2: ch tiu cm quan ca c chua

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chun

Tham kho

Mu scMu TCVN

5308: 2008

Trng thi- Khng c tp cht

- Khng c ht hay mnh vn ht c chua

2.3. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 2.3: Ch tiu ha l ca c chua


Tham kho

pH4.6

Bix28- 30

Lycopine45 mg/ 100g

Antimon (Sb) 1 ppmBYT

Asen (As) 1ppmBYT

Ch (Pb) 2ppm

Thy ngn 0.05 ppmBYT

Dng (Cu) 30 ppm

Km (Zn) 40 ppm

2.4. Ch tiu vi sinh

Bng 2.4: Ch tiu vi sinh ca c chua

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chunTham kho

TPC 104 cfu/g

Yeast & Mold 45 cfu/g

Mold Ti a 50 %

E.ColiKhng c

Coliform 3 MPN/ g

3. Nguyn liu ph.

Nguyn liu ph phi c cung cp t cc c s ch bin c ng k tiu chun cht lng. Cc nguyn liu ph s dng nh sau:

3.1 Mui nguyn liu

Mc ch:

Tng gia v v bo qun

Mui to v mn cho sn phm

Mui c tnh st khun nh (nng 4,4% c th c ch s pht trin ca vi khun gy bnh)

Mui c kh nng xc tin qu trnh oxi ho cc thnh phn trong tht lm thay i mu ca sn phm.3.1.1 Tiu chun mui

Bng 1: Ch tiu cm quan ca mui


Tham kho

Mu scTinh th trng

Trng thiKhng vn cc

Ha tan hon ton

3.1.2 Ch tiu ha l

Bng 2: Ch tiu ha l ca mui

Ch tiu kim tra chtlngTiu chunTham kho

Cht khng tan 0.07%TCVN

m 3%TCVN

NaCl < 97%TCVN

Ca 15 ppmTCVN

Mg 1 ppmTCVN

Asen (As) 0.5 ppmTCVN

Ch (Pb) 2 ppmTCVN

Thy Ngn 0.5 ppmTCVN

ng (Cu) 0.1 ppmTCVN

St (Fe) 50 mg/kgTCVN

3.2. ng tinh luyn

ng c v ngt m nn c tc dng lm du v mn trong tht.

Nu cho ng vo tht mui, tht s mm ra v to mi trng cho vi khun ln men sinh axit, do kim ch c hot ng ca vi khun gy thi.3.2.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 3: Ch tiu cm quan ca ng


Mu scTinh th trng ng vngTCVN

Trng thiKhng vn ccTCVN

MiKhng c mi lTCVN

VNgt c trng, khng c v lTCVN

3.2.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 4: Ch tiu ha l ca ng

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chunTham khoGhi ch

phn cc ( Pol) 99.5 % (oZ)TCVN Sy 105oC

trong 3 gi

Hm lng ng kh 0.1 %TCVN

m 0.1 %TCVN

Sunfua dioxit 7 mg/kgTCVN

ng (Cu) 2 mg/kgTCVN

Ch 0.5mg/kgTCVN

Asen ( As) 1mg/kgTCVN

3.2.3. Ch tiu vi sinh

Bng 5: Ch tiu vi sinh ca ng


TPC 103 cfu/gRFV

Yeast & Mold 103 cfu/gBourbon

Coliform bacteria 3 cfu/gRFV

E.ColiKhng cRVF

3.3. Paprika

Paprika c mu cam c b xung vo nc st to mu p cho nc st

3.3.1 Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 6: Ch tiu cm quan ca paprikaCh tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chun

Ghi ch

Mu sc m sn st

Trng thiKhn tp cht

Paprika O/S 200005% CUKhng ha tan trong du thc vt

Paprika W/S 50000 CUHa tan trong nc

MiMi t nhin ca t bt

3.3.2 Ch tiu ha l

Bng 7: Ch tiu ha l ca paprika

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu cunGhi ch

mu- 200005% CU cho paprika O/S

- 50000 CU cho Paprika W/S

Ch (Pb)3 ppmFAO

Asen (As)3 ppmFAO

Thy ngn (Hg)1 ppm

Mu tng hpKhng pht hinNeo

Susan I,II,IIIKhng pht hinNeo

Axeton 30 mg/kgFAO

Metanol 50 mg/kgFAO

Ethenol 50 mg/kgFAO

Hexane 25 mg/kgFAO


Bng8: ch tiu vi sinh ca paprikaCh tiu kim tra cht lngCh tiuTham khoCh

Total Plate Count TPCTi a 104 cfu/gNeoHa tan bt trong nc nng

(> 350C)

E.Coli 100 cfu/gNeo

Yeast & Mold 3 cfu/gNeo

SalmonellaKhng cNeo

3.4. Tinh bt bin tnh

Tinh bt bin tnh c tc dng to st cho nc st. Tinh bt c kh nng to gel do s to thnh v sp xp li cc phn t tinh bt to thnh cu trc mng 3 chiu 3.4.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 9: ch tiu cm quan ca tinh bt

Ch tiu kim tra cht lng

Tiu chunTham kho

Mu scTrng n trng nht

Thai

Trng thi- Khng vn cc

-Khng c tp cht

- Ha tan hon ton m khn vn cc

3.4.2. Ch tiu ha l Bng 10: Ch tiu ha l

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chunThan kho

m 14 %Thai

pH5 7Thai

Asen (As)1 mg/kgThai

Ch (Pb)1 mg/kgThai

Thy ngn (Hg)0.5 mg/kgThai

SO230 ppm

3.4.3. Ch tiu vi sinh Bng 11: Ch tiu si sinh ca tinh bt

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngCh tiuTham khoCh

Total Plate Count TPCTi a 104 cfu/g

ThaiHa tan bt trong nc nng

(> 350C)

E.Coli 100 cfu/gThai

Yeast & Mold 3 MPN /gThai

SalmonellaKhng cThai

3.5. Bt ngtBt ngt c dng lm tng v ca thc n, to v ngt tht. Ngoi ra bt ngt cn tham gia tng hp nhiu acid amin, tc dng n chu trnh phn gii gluxit v cht bo v c dng dng axt iu tr mt s bnh suy nhc, mt tr nh, mt s bnh v tim3.5.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 11: Ch tiu cm quan bt ngt


Mu scTrng n trng nhtTCVN

Trng thi- mn

-Khng vn cc

-Khng c tp cht

- Ha tan hon ton m khn vn cc

3.5.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 12: Ch tiu ha l ca bt ngt


tinh khit 99 %inomoto

Gim khi lng khi sy 0.5 %TCVN

Kh 6.7 7.2TCVN

pH24.80 - 35.30TCVN

Clorua 2 ppmTCVN

Asen (As) 1 ppmTCVN

Ch (Pb) 10 ppmTCVN


Bng 13: Ch tiu vi sinh ca bt ngt

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngCh tiu

Tham kho

TPC 10cfu/g

RFV

E.ColikhngRFV

Coliform 3 MPN /gRFV

Nm nen v nm mc1.0 x 102 cfu/gAjnimoto

3.6. Du

Dng du g cng c, c th dng c hn hp du. Nhng dng du u nnh tt cho sc khe.

3.6.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 14: Ch tiu cm quan ca du


Mu scVng nhtTCVN

Trng thikhng c tp chtTCVN

MiKhng c mi v v i thiuTCVN

VMi c chng v khng c cnTCVN

3.6.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 15: Ch tiu ha l cu du


Axit bo t do 0.3 axit asoleic hay 0.6 mg

KOH/ kg duTCVN

Ch s peroxit 10 mili ng lng hot tnh / kg duCODEX

mu3R, 2 OYCODEX

Ch s x phng ha189 195 mg KOH/ gCODEX

ng (Cu) 0.1 ppmBYT

Asen (As) 1.5 ppmTCVN

Ch (Pb) 0.1 ppmTCVN

St (Fe) 0.1 ppmBYT


Bng 16: Ch tiu vi sinh ca du


Tham kho

TPC 10 3cfu/g

BYT

E.Coli 10 MPN/g BYT

Yeast & Mold 3 MPN /gBYT

Salmonella sppKhng cBYT

ColiformsKhng cBYT

Staphylococcus ceseusKhng cBYT

3.7 Bt tiu trng

Bt tiu l loi gia v c s dng trong ch bin thc phm ti gia nh v trong cng nghip thc phm. Tiu c v cay nng, ngt, mi thm c bit. Khi cho tiu vo trong thc phm s lm tng hng v, to s hp dn, nng cao gi tr cm quan cho sn phm.3.7.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 17: Ch tiu cm quan ca bt tiu trng


Mu scVng xanh

Trng thi mn

MiC mi c chng ca ht tiu nng v cay

VKhng c tp cht l, khng c mi l

3.7.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 18: Ch tiu ha l ca bt tiu trng


m 12.5 %TCVN

Thy ngn (Hg) 0.05 mg/kgBYT

Asen (As) 5 mg/kgBYT

Ch (Pb) 2 mg/kgBYT

Antimon (Sb) 1 mg/kgBYT


Bng 19: Ch tiu vi sinh ca bt tiu trng


Tham kho

TPC 10 5cfu/g

RFV

E.ColiKhng cTCVN

Yeast & Mold 2x103 cfu/gFFV

Salmonella sppKhng cTCVN

Coliforms 102MPN/gBYT

3.8 Caramel

3.8.1 Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 20: Ch tiu cm quan ca caramel


Tham kho

Mu scMu nu st

Hnh dng Khng c tp cht

3.8.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 21: Ch tiu ha l ca caramel


Tham kho

Brix78 -80 %


Bng 22: Ch tiu vi sinh ca caramel


Tham kho

TPC 10 3cfu/g

E.Coli 50 cfu/g

Yeast & Mold 10 cfu/g

3.9 C hnh

C hnh c v cay tnh bnh, khng c c tc dng thng kh hot huyt, kch thch tiu ha. Trong c hnh c cha tinh du allixin c tnh khng sinh, acid malic, phytin C hnh ti c cha caroten, vitamin B1, B2, v C.

C hnh c dng trong ch bin thc phm nhm lm tng hng v v gi tr dinh dng3.9.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 23: Ch tiu cm quan ca c hnh

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chunGhi ch

Hnh hng- Thn ti sch v kh

- C hnh trn mu nu nht

- Khng v, h hng, thi

- Khng c mn, r, tp cht khng mong mun

- Khng qu nghim ngt

MiMi c hnh t nhin khng c mi l khng mong mun

VNgt nh

Dng knhDng knh 5 12 cm/c

Trng lngTrng lng 100 350 g/c

3.9.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 24: Ch tiu ha l ca c hnh


pH5 - 7BYT

Bix7 100 BixBYT

D mn6 8 %BYT

Ch (Pb) 0.1 mg/kgBYT

Cadimi (Cd) 0.1 mg/kgBYT

3.10 Bt t

3.10.1. Ch tiu cm quan

Bng 25: Ch tiu cm quan ca bt t

Ch tiu kim tra cht lngTiu chunGhi ch

Hnh hngKhng c ht, dng stKhn qu nghim ngt

Mi, vV cay c chng ca t

Mu scMu

Tp cht, cnKhng c tp cht, cn

3.10.2. Ch tiu ha l

Bng 26: Ch tiu ha l ca bt t


pH4.2 0.2

TSS28 1%

D mn11 1 %

Thuc tr suKhng c


Bng 27: Ch tiu vi sinh ca bt t


Nm mc 50 cfu/10g

Coliform 102 MPN/ g

E.Coli 3 MPN/ g

3.11. Nc

Nc l nguyn ph rt quan trng trong qu trnh sn xut hp c nc st c ni ring cng nh hp thc phm ni chung. Nc c dng ra nguyn liu, lm v sinh dng c my mc, thit b, dng thanh trng v lm ngui hp

Yu cu nc c dng trong sn xut hp rt cao, t nht phi t c cc yu cu ca nc dng n ung. Nc phi trong sch, khng c mu sc v mi v khc thng, khng c cn bn v cc kim loi nng

3.11.1. Ch tiu ha l v ha hc

Bng 28: Ch tiu ha l v ha hc

Ch tiuTiu chun

Mi vKhng

Mu sc50

pH6.0 7.8

CaO50 100 mg/l

MgO50 mg/l

Fe2O30.3 mg/l

MnO0.2 mg/l

Zn5 mg/l

Cu2 mg/l

As0.05 mg/l

Pb0.1 mg/l


Bng 29: Ch tiu si sinh

Ch tiuTiu chun

Tng s si khun hiu kh< 100 cfu/ml

Ch s Coli (s Coli/1lit nc)

Vi sinh vt gy bnhKhng c

PHN II. QUY TNH SN XUT C NC ST C NG HP

I. S d quy tnh sn xut

II. Thuyt minh quy trnh:

1. Chun b c nc

1.1. Vn chuyn Tip nhn La chn nguyn liu

Mc ch:

Trong qu trnh vn chuyn, cc phng tin phi m bo v sinh. Nguyn liu c sp xp sao cho t b gip nt h hng, tn dng c kh nng vn chuyn cao nht.

Qu trnh bo qun nguyn liu cn m bo nguyn liu t bin i v thnh phn dinh dng v hn ch s pht trin ca vi sinh vt.

La chn nhm loi b cc nguyn liu khng phm cht, phn chia nguyn liu v thnh tng nhm (phm cht, kch thc).

Tm li nguyn liu c c tip nhn phi c phn c v kim tra cc ch tiu (ngoi quan, l ho sinh).Ch nhn vo ch bin nhng nguyn liu t yu cu. Sau khi kim tra t yu cu nguyn liu c s c a vo bn cha c.

Cch tin hnh

Nguyn liu c c mua t cc nh cung cp trc khi nhp xng phi c phn c v kim tra cc ch tiu (ngoi quan, l ho sinh).Ch nhn vo ch bin nhng nguyn liu t yu cu. Sau khi kim tra t yu cu nguyn liu c s c a vo bn cha c.

1.2. p

Nu nguyn liu c khng ch bin ht trong ngy s c bo qun bng nc hm sau sn xut tip

- Thng s k thut

-Nhit nguyn liu 40C

-Nc

100C

1.3. Ra

Mc ch:

Trn b mt nguyn liuh c nhiu tp cht v vi khun, cc cht ha hc hay sinh hc. Trong sn xut, ta ra nhm loi b cc tp cht. Nc ra phi c phm cht tt. t tiu chun theo quy nh ca nh nc.

C sau khi c tip nhn s c a n b ra 1 trc khi aa vo khu vc ct u.

Cch tin hnh:C sau khi tip nhn vo bn cha s c xe nng chuyn n bn ra 1 trc khi chuyn vo khu vc ct u. Nhit nc ra lun ( 100C. Ra sch khng lm hu hi m tht, khng ra qu lu trnh lm tht c chng len.1.4. X l s b

- Mc ch:

Loi b nhng phn du ui, mang, ni tang.

Chun b cho cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo.

C s c ct u, ui v b ni tng (chiu di c sau khi ct u 6,5-8,5cm). Trong sut thi gian ct u c lun c duy tr ( 100C. Trong cng on ny tin hnh nhanh nhm trnh ly nhim vi sinh vt vo sn phm.- Thng s k thutC sau khi ct u chiu di 6,5-8,5cm

Nhit c 100CCch tin hnhC s c a vo tng khay v theo bng ti n cc line .C s c ct u, ui v b ni tng (chiu di c sau khi ct u 6.5-8.5cm). Trong sut thi gian ct u c lun c duy tr ( 100C.1.5. D kim loi

Mc ch

Pht hin v loi b cc mnh kim loi.

Sau khi ct u c c a n thit b d kim loi loi b kim loi kp thi cc mnh kim loi c kch thc >= 3mm ln trong c.

- Thng s k thut

Mnh kim loi kch thc ( 3mm

Cch tin hnhCc khay nguyn liu c sau khi d kim loi t yu cu s cho vo bn ra nc sch. Trong thi gian ra nhit nc ra ( 100C, c c duy tr ( 100C.

1.6. Ngm gim

Mc ch:

-Trong c c nhiu Trimethylamin oxy gy mi tanh kh chu. Hp cht ny c tnh bazo nn dng acid acetic loi b. Ngoi ra, H+ c tc dng c ch vi sinh vt.

+ Khi pH = 6 th vi khun thi ra b c ch.

+ Khi pH = 4.5 vi khun ngng sinh sn.

+ Khi pH = 3 th cc enzyme b km hm.

Khi ngm gim, protein b mt b bin tnh, tht c tr nn rn chc hn.

Cch tin hnh:

C sau khi c a qua my d kim loi s c bng chuyn a vo cc b cha dung dch acid citric c pH = 4.5 y l pH m vi sinh vt ngng qu trnh sinh sn, gip c ch qu trnh pht trin ca vi sinh vt.

Khng dng pH qu thp do pH thp s nh hng n v ca c sau ny

p c trong vng 30 pht nhit 7 80C1.7. Ngm mui

Mc ch:

-Km hm s t phn ca enzyme v vi khun.-Nng mui cao c tc dng thm thu ln lm v mng t bo vi khun, lm thot nc ra ngoi do vi khun kh pht trin, trnh hu hng c.- S thi ra ca c ch yu l do tc dng thu phn ca cc enzyme v vi khun. Cc loi enzyme trong tht c c hot tnh mnh nht trong nc mui long hoc mi trng khng mui nhng nng cao chng s b km hm.- Lm cho c c hng v thm ngon hn

- Lm kt cu c bn vng, tht c sn chc, trnh c b b gy vn trong qu trnh hp v tit trng.

Cch tin hnh:

Pha dung dch mui c nng 10%Mui thm thu vo c tht c qua 3 giai on:

Khi nng mui cao, cc phn t mui ngm vo c nhanh, nc trong c thot ra ngoi (nc thot ra gp 3 ln lng dung dch thm vo) Trong giai on ny tht c t mi thm.

Do s thm thu dung dch mui vo bn trong c th c nn nng gim dn lm cho nc thot ra ngoi chm hn, protein b bin tnh, tht rn chc.

p sut thm thu gim dn ti 0, nng mui trong c dn dn bng nng mui ca dung dch bn ngoi. Tht c giai on ny rn chc, mi thm c trng.1.8. V lon

Yu cu:

-p, trng lng quy nh, nguyn vn, m bo v sinh

-ng u v kch thc: mu sc, chn, hnh dng kch thc, s lng ming.

- li khong khng trn hp khong 8-10mm.

-Gi ming hp sch s, khng cc vn nh dnh vo.

-Thc hin trong mi trng v sinh, tun th cc quy nh v sinh mt cch nghim ngt.

Cch tin hnh

Lom rng s c ra qua trc khi v lon. Sau khi c ra sch bng ti s chuyn cc khay c n khu v v lon, ty theo kch thc ca c m s lng c m bo trng lng v lon.

C xp thnh tng ming, c xp cch mp hp 2 4 mm1.9. Hp v cht nc

Mc ch:

Mc ch hp c

- Thay i th tch khi lng nguyn liu

- Kh khng kh trong gian bo nguy liu

- Lm mm nguyn liu, gim t l tn tht ca nguyn liu v nng cao hiu qu sn xut trong qu trnh ch bin.

- Nng cao cht lng sn phm, lm tht c rn chc, gim nht ca c - Kh mi tanh ca c

- n nh mu cho sn phm.

- Tng thm ca t bo.

- Kh trng.

- V hot enzyme, ngng qu trnh sinh ha, gi ti ca c - Kh mi tanh cua c

- Lm bin tnh protein, tch loi nc nhm n nh sn phm( lng nc cn li trong sn phm khong 60 70 %), v tch nhng vng protein trn b mt c, tng tnh cm quan

- ui kh trong nguyn liu trnh phng hp khi tit trng. + Cht ncNhm loi phn nc v cc cht ngm ra trong cc qu trnh trc (ra, hp)

- Thng s k thut Nhit hp: 95-1000C.

Thi gian hp 17-20 pht.

Thi gian cht nc ( 1 pht.

Cch tin hnh

Sau khi v lon, cc lon c s c chuyn n thit b hp vi nhit 93 - 1000C trong thi gian 17 - 20 pht.

Qu trnh hp c thc hin ngay trn bng ti, c a qua mt phng kn cso ng phun hi

Sau khi hp cc lon c s c chuyn n thit b xoay cht nc ra khi lon c, thi gian cht nc ( 1 pht

2. Chun b nc st c chua

C chua c tip nhn nguyn liu c chua va chn ti, v chn u (dng sn xut lin). V cng tip nhn nguyn liu c chua chn xanh (dng lm ngun nguyn liu d tr, trnh ngng tr trong sn xut).

La chn qu c cht lng tt, mu ti, khng qu chn, khng su bnh, dp nt.

2.1. La chn nguyn liu

Mc ch:

- Loi b cc thnh phn nguyn liu khng quy cch ch bin nh b su, bnh thi hng,

- Loi b nhng qu c chn khng tch hp.

- Ct b ch bm dp, vt rm, nm qu.

Cch tin hnh

Nguyn liu c la chn bng tay trn bng ti

Cng nhn ng hai bn bng ti loi nhng qu c khng ng quy nh

Nguyn liu c dn mng hai bn bng ti v vic la chn khng c b st

2.2. RaQu trnh ra nhm m bo 2 giai on:+ Ngm cho b cc cu bn: ngm l qu trnh lm cho nc thm t c chua, cc cht bn ht nc trng ln, lm gim lc bm ca chng ln qu c chua+ Xi nc cho sch ht bn: dng tc dng ca dng chy ko cc cht bn cn li trn mt c chua sau khi ngm.Thi gian ra ph thuc vo giai on u tc l ph thuc vo tnh cht ha l ca cht bn, sc bm cht ca n vo c chua ra v kh nng tc dng ca dung dch ra.

Mc ch:

Loi b cc tp cht, bi, t ct bm xung quanh qu c chua.

Lm gim mt lng ln vi sinh vt c chua.

Ty sch mt s cht ha hc gy c hi c dng trong k thut nng nghip nh thuc tr su, thuc bo v thc vt cn li.

C chua l nguyn liu rau qu c cu to mm, d b gip nt . Do , ta dng my ra thi kh hoc my ra bng chuyn.

Yu cu:

C chua ra xong phi sch, khng b dp nt.

C chua t b tn tht cht dinh dng, hn ch mt vitamin Cdo chng l thnh phn d ha tan trong nc s khuch tn vo trong nc ra.

Ngoi ra mun t cht lng ca cng on ra cao th nc ra phi c phm cht tt, t tiu chun nc ung.Cch tin hnh:

C chua l nguyn liu rau qu c cu to mm, d b gip nt . Do , ta s dng my ra thi kh (ngoi ra c th s dng my ra bng chuyn).

2.3. X ti

Mc ch:

X ti phn tht qu h tr cho cng on un nng pha sau.

C chua c x ti trn my x ti kiu li dao cong, kiu trc inh hoc kiu a quay.Cch tin hnh C chua c x ti trn my x ti kiu li dao cong, kiu trc inh hoc kiu a quay.2.4. un nng

Mc ch:

Lm v qu khi ch khng dnh vo tht qu do khi un nng protopectin chuyn thnh pectin ha tan.

Hn ch hin tng phn lp sn phm do c kh thp, v lng pectin ha tan tng.

Gim thi gian un si v ngn nga hin tng kh chy trong khi c c.

Bi kh trong tht qu c chua vitamin b tn tht v hn ch hin tng to bt khi c c. Nu c chua nng nhit ln 80 100oC th lng caroten b tn tht gim i nhiu so vi c chua ch un nng 60oC v cha bi ht khng kh.

V hot enzyme pectinase gi cho sn phm khng b tch nc, bn cnh enzyme oxy ha cng b v hot v gi mu sc ca nguyn liu khng b bin i.

Tiu dit vi sinh vt km chu nhit bm trn b mt ca nguyn liu.

Lm thay i trng lng v th tch ca nguyn liu cc qu trnh ch bin tip theo c thun li n lm cho sn phm n nh, p ng cc yu cu v t l ci - nc v thnh phn cc cu t trong hp.

Gim t l tn tht nguyn liu v nng cao hiu sut ch bin khi chn protopectin thy phn thnh pectin ha tan, lm cho vic ch nhanh v ph liu t. Lm tng tnh thm thu ca nguyn sinh cht, dung dch nc rt d ngm vo nguyn liu.

ui kh c trong gian bo ca nguyn liu Nhm hn ch tc dng ca Oxy xy ra trong hp, trnh phng hp, n mn v hp st Chn cn lm gim cc cht c mi v khng thch hp.

Nu c chua x ti v khng un nng trong 10 pht, c cht men phn hy ti 70% pectin trong nguyn liu.

Cch tin hnh:

C chua sau khi x ti c un nng 85oC trong thi gian 10 pht trn thit b truyn nhit kiu ng chm hoc ng bc ng.nh hng ca qu trnh un nng ln sn phm:

Dinh dng:

Mt s cc cht dinh dng b hoa tan trong qu trnh chn nh cc cht khong, vitamin...

Lng cc cht ha tan ph thuc vo:

+ Mi trng cht ti nhit.

+ Nhit , thi gian un nng (nhit cng cao, thi gian cng di s tn tht cht dinh dng cng nhiu)

+Nng cht tan c trong nc un nng.

+ Din tch tip xc gia nguyn liu v nc un nng.

Mi v:

Cc cht mi trong nguyn liu thng l cc hp cht d bay hi. Do mi v gim mt t sau khi un nng

2.5. Ch

Mc ch:

Loi b phn nguyn liu c gi tr dinh dng thp hoc khng n c: v, ht.

Lm cho nguyn liu c chua ng nht v trng thi v thnh phn ch bin c thun li v nng cao cht lng thnh phm.

Mc mn ca c chua khi ch nh hng nhiu n qa trnh c c: c chua cng mn, nht cng thp thi gian c cng ngn.

Cch tin hnh

C chua sau khi c un nng s c chuyn vo my ch cnh p c ch nh.2.6. Phi trn.

Mc ch:

Nho trn cc nguyn liu sao cho cc thnh phn c trn u vo nhau

Nc st c c phi trn ng u ph gia.

Phi trn cc nguyn liu trn, t l thnh phn phi trn c cng thc ring ca nh my.

Cc nguyn liu sau khi xay c cho vo my trn, nh cnh khy (c nhiu dao trn lp xen k trn trc) o trn thnh khi ng nht

Sau chit ly dch, sau phi trn vi gia v v c chuaC chua c nu si cng vi du n

Mc ch:

Lycopen trong st c chua khng tan trong nc, tan trong du, nn trc khi phi trn c chua c nu vi du n to mu.Cc gia v bc sch v, xay nhuyn s c nu, lc ly nc. Sau phi trn cng vi c chua, cc gia v cn li v dch lc t cng on cht dch.

Hn hp c nu si, chun b cho qu trnh c c.2.7. C c

Mc ch:

Tng nng cht kh trong sn phm ti nng yu cu hay lm tng st c trng cho sn phm.

Ko di thi gian bo qun (v hn ch vi sinh vt pht trin do t nc, p sut thm thu cao.

Gim c khi lng vn chuyn.

Cch tin hnh:

C chua sau khi c ch s c chuyn qua thit b c c chn khng.

Qu trnh c c c thc hin trong iu kin chn khng khong 600 650 mmHg. Trong iu kin chn khng ny nhit si ca dung dch thp khong 55 60oC. Khi , cu trc pectin khng b ph v nn gi c st ca nc sauce. Ngoi ra cc thnh phn khc cng t b bin i nht l Vitamin C.Sc t t b bin i.

C c n nng khong 30%.

Thi gian c c ph thuc vo phng php lm vic ca thit b, v cng bc hi ca sn phm.

H s truyn nhit ca c chua c nng cht kh t 15 30% l 1395 1745 W/m..

Cng bay hi ca c chua c nng cht kh c nng cht kh t 16 35%: 118kg/m2.

3. Vo hp

Mc ch, yu cu:hhi

m bo khi lng tnh v cc thnh phn ca hp ng theo t l quy nh.

C hnh thc trnh by p, tht c ngm u da vm bo h s truyn nhit v c iu kin thun li thanh trng v bo qun.

Khng ln cc tp cht khc, khng dnh ln thnh hp.Hn ch s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt hiu kh cn tn ti trong sn phmDo thc hin chit nng nn cng on ny cng l cng on bi kh (v do cng on c c trn phn no loi b c lng khng kh).

m bo h thng truyn nhitCch tin hnh:

T l rt st ty thuc vo tng cng ty v tng vng

Sn phm c rt vo hp bng my.

Tin hnh chit rt trong iu kin dng phng php chit nng

85 90oC . T l cause c/c = 4/6. - Rt dich c tin hnh bng my c bng ti, dung dich c t trong cc bnh ng trn cao.4. Bi kh:

L qu trnh ui bt cht kh ra khi khong khng nh hp (khng kh, hi nc, kh CO2 ...) nhm trnh to ra p sut cao khi thanh trng gy bung v np hp.

Mc ch

Gim chnh lch gia p sut trong hp v p sut ngoi hp khi thanh trng hp khi b bin dng, bt np nt cc mi hn.

To cho hp c an ton vi tc ngca mi trng xung quanh v khi va p c hc

Hn ch s oxy ha cc cht dinh dng trong thc(khng kh vi du nng v c tht c).

Hn ch s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt hiu kh.

Hn ch hin tng n mn bao b st ty.

To chn khng trong hp thnh phm.

Cch thc hin:

Trong qu trnh rt dch nng vo hp hoi nc bc ln s y khng kh pha trn ra ngoi, sau ghp m ngay lp tc v lm ngui khng kh khng xm nhp nhc tr li

Bi kh bng cch phun hi. Dng hi nc nng phun vo khong khng nh hp trc khi ghp m, hi nc s y khng kh ra ngoi, sau khi ghp kn v lm ngui, hi nc s ngng t v to chn khng cho hp.Cc phng php bi kh: Bi kh bng nhit.

Cho sn phm vo hp khi c un nng ( khong 850C) ri ghp kn ngay.

Khi ng hp c st c chua, ngi ta cho c vo hp v st c chua s c rt nng vo hp. un nng hp ng sn phm ngui bng hi nng trc khi ghp kn

Bi kh bng thit b chn khng.

Ngi ta dng bm chn khng ht khng kh ra khi hp trong mt ngn ca my ghp kn

Bi kh bng phun hi nc.

Hp i qua bng chuyn, hi nc phun vo hp, hi nc s chim ch ca khng kh trong hp v y khng kh ra ngoi, sau ghp hp ngay lp tc. Hi nc trong hp s ngng t v to chn khng. Qu trnh ny c thc hin trong phng bi kh.

Ngoi ra cn cc phng php bi kh khc nh:

- Bi kh bng phng php kt hp bi kh bng nhit v bi kh chn khng

- Bi kh bng tia hng ngoi

- Bi kh bng ly tm

...

Lon c cht nc theo bng ti n bn cha st c, bn cha du. Ti y st c v du s c rt vo tng lon bng my nh lng5. Ghp m v ra

Mc ch:

Cch ly thc phm khi cc tc nhn gy h hng (kh v vi sinh vt bn ngoi) do hp c th bo qun thi gian di m khng b h hng.

Ghp m c tin hnh lc cn nng nhm ui ht kh ra khi hp trnh hin tng phng hp lc tit trng. Ra sch cc tp cht bm bn ngoi. Yu cu:

Np hp cn phi ghp tht kn v chc chn khi thanh trng p sut chnh lch gia bn trong v bn ngoi hp khng lm bung m ghp hay bt np ra khi thn hp.

Sn phm sau khi c rt vo hp th c ghp kn m ngay. Thc hin bng my ghp m t ng. Khi ra khng c gy bin dng cho hp.

Nc ra hp phi sch. Nu s dng cht ty ra cho php ra hp th phi ra li bng nc sch loi b ht cht ty ra cn li. Np hp cn phi ghp tht kn v cht khi thanh trng p sut chnh lch gia bn trong v ngoi hp khng lm bung m ghp hay bt np khi thn hp.Cch thc hin:

C sau khi rt dch v bi kh c a qua my ghp m. Qu trnh ghp m c thc hin t ng.C cu ghp

Do d hp s dng l hp st ty nn ghp kn bng mi ghp kp, tc l ch m hp th c thn v np u cun li.

ghp kn hp ngi ta dng hai con ln. Con ln cun c rnh su ghp s b: lm cho np v mp hp gp vo nhau v cun li, np hp vn c th xoay c nhng khng tho ra c.

Con ln p c rnh nng ghp kn tc l p cho m hp chc li. Np hp khng xoay c v cng khng tho ra c, to mi ghp kn hon ton.

Phng php ghp:

+ Hn tip xc (hn thanh nhit, hn xung in)

+ Hn cm ng

Thit b ghp np

My ghp np th cng: tt c vic a hp vo ly hp ra v tin hnh ghp phi c ngiiu khin.

My ghp bn t ng: hp a vo v ly ra bng tay, qu trnh ghp c t ng.

My ghp t ng: ton b qu trnh t khu cho hp vo y np ghp v a hp ra hon ton t ng

My ghp t ng chn khng: ngoi vic tin hnh cc qu trnh t ng nh trn my cn ht chn khng hp.

Cc phng php th kn ca hp:

hp sau khi ghp m phi kim tra kn theo tng chu k ca thi gian sn xut. Trong mt ca sn xut phi ly mu 2 - 3 ln kim tra kn. C th tin hnh th kn ca hp theo mt trong cc phng php sau:

Phng php ngm trong nc.

Ra sch hp bng nc nng v x phng, ng thnh mt lp trong chu thy tinh to c ng nc nng nhit khng di 850C. Lng nc nng gp khong 4 ln th tch cc hp, mc nc phi trn mt hp t 25 - 30 cm.

Hp trong nc nng t 5 - 7 pht. Lc u y xung, sau lt ngc, np xung di.

Sau quan st, nu thy bt kh trong hp thot ra hng lot hoc thot ra u n cng mt ch, th hp coi nh b h.

Phng php ht chn khng.

t hp ng sn phm trong mt bnh ht chn khng vi chn khng 50 mmHg.

Do chnh lch p sut gia bn trong v bn ngoi hp, lm cho np hp phng ln nu hp kn.

Nc trong sn phm c th theo ch h r ra ngoi trong trng hp mi ghp khng kn.

X l hp h.

Khi pht hin hp ghp khng kn trc khi thanh trng, cn phi iu chnh my ghp kp thi v c th m hp ch bin li hay ch bin thnh cc sn phm ph.

Khi pht hin hp ghp khng kn sau khi thanh trng, th cc hp a i ch bin thnh sn phm ph.

6. Thanh trng

Mc ch:

Thc phm trc khi cho vo hp v c ghp m v tri qua nhiu cng on x l. S vi sinh vt bm trn nguyn liu gim nhiu. Qu trnh thanh trng nhm tiu dit cc vi sinh vt, ko di thi gian bo qun, tng phong v v lm nh kt cu ca thc phm, m bo an ton cho ngi s dng

Mc ch chnh l tiu dit cc vi sinh vt gy bnh c bit l tiu dit bo t ym kh Clostridium botulinum v:

+ C th sn sinh ra c t lm cht ngi d liu lng rt thp.

+ C kh nng thnh lp bo t, rt bn nhit

+ Clostridium botulinum c th tm thy bt c ni u, v vy hu ht nguyn liu u nhim vi sinh vt ny, nn chng quan h mt thit ti lnh vc an ton thc phm

Hot ha enzym m bo an ton thc phm

Cch tin hnh:

V pH ca sn phm ln hn 4,6 nn chn ch tit trng 115-1210C trong 80-90 pht. Do trong c chua c tomatin trong c tc dng st trng nn ta c th rt ngn thi gianthanh trng.

Thi gian c tc dng tiu dit vi sinh vt l khong 30-40 pht, thi gian cn li c tc dng lm mm xng c.

Sau khi tit trng phi x kh t t trong thit b ra ngoi trnh hin tng phng hp.

Thit b thanh trng

Thit b thanh trng c p sut cao lm vic gin on.

Dng thanh trng cc loi hp c nhit thanh trng t 1000C tr ln, c np y kn, cn gi l ni hp thanh trng. C 2 loi ni hp: loi t thng ng v loi t nm ngang.

+ Thit b hp thanh trng loi thng ng : c thn hnh tr, y v np hnh chm cu, np c cc cht ghp cht vi thn thit b, di y c lp ng phun hi nng thanh trng. Bn trong thit b c gi t gi ng hp, c loi ch c 1 gi, loi 2 gi, loi 3 gi.

+ Thit b hp thanh trng loi t nm ngang: thn thit b t nm ngang, bn trong khng c gi gi m c ng ry cho xe ng cc gi hp y vo.

Loi ny c kh nng lm vic cao, nhng thao tc phc tp, chu k lm vic ko di, tn hi v nc nhiu.

Thit b thanh trng lm vic lin tc dng p sut thy tnh.Thit b gm c 2 nhnh ct nc cao 12 - 20 m cha y nc nng. Gia 2 ct nc l mt phng cha y hi nc nng. Cui ct nc th II l thng nc lnh. hp c chuyn bng bng ti xch. p sut trong phng hi c iu chnh bng cch iu chnh chiu cao mc nc 2 nhnh ct nc. Thi gian thanh trng c iu chnh bng vn tc ca bng ti.

Thit b ny lm vic vi nng sut cao nhng c nhc im l cu to hi cng knh.

Thit b thanh trng bn mng.y l loi thit b lm vic lin tc p sut hi nc cao hn p sut kh quyn. Cu to ca thit b nh cc khoang cha nc qu t xen k vi cc khoang cha cht ti nhit, v nc qu chy trong khoang kn ch bng mt lp mng, li c truyn nhit t 2 mt nn thi gian thanh trng rt nhanh. Thit b thanh trng bn mng dng thanh trng nc qu trc khi rt vo hp v phi rt hp trong iu kin v trng.

7. Lm ngui

Sau khi thanh trng bng ti s chuyn cc lon n b phn lm ngui di 500C.

Nc s dng lm ngui hp sau thanh trng phi l nc sch (nc lm ngui c nng clorine 1.0 - 3.0ppm.

Cc nhn vin s kim tra nng clorine trong nc lm ngui 2h/ln bm m nc lm ngui an ton cho sn phm.Cch tin hnh:

Qu trnh lm ngui hp sau khi thanh trng c th thc hin ngay trong thit b thanh trng. Nu vic lm ngui c thc hin trong thng cha nc ring, th nc lm ngui ch c s dng cho 1 ln v phi c thay khi tin hnh lm ngui l hp tip theo.Nc lnh i vo t pha trn ca thit b, ng thi tho nc nng ra pha diThng s k thut:

Nng chclorine 1.0 3.0 ppm

Nhit sau lm ngui ( 500C

hp sau khi lm ngui phi c lm kh trc khi a vo kho bo n c nhit 0 20oC. Cch tin hnhSau khi tit trng bng ti s chuyn cc lon n h thng lm ngui (nc dng lm ngui c nng clorine t 1.0 - 3.0ppm).Kim tra nng clorine d trong nc lm ngui vi tn sut 2h/ln m bo nc lm ngui an ton cho sn phm.Kim tra nhit lon u tin ra khi nc lm ngui i vi m l ( 50 0C

8. Bo n, kim tra cht lng hp sau thanh trng.

Cc loi hp sau khi thanh trng lm ngui, c chuyn n kho thnh phm bo n m bo ng cc ch tiu k thut c quy nh.Bo n l qu trnh xp cc l hp mi c thanh trng trong phng c nhit thch hp, trong thi gian qui nh sn phm trong hp n nh v pht hin cc hin tng h hng ca hp do cc nguyn nhn vt l, ho hc v vi sinh Sau khi kim tra xong cn phn loi. Xp hng cht lng c ch bo qun thch hp.Trong thi gian bo n, cc thnh phn trong hp c tip tc n nh v mt phm cht v c th pht hin c cc hp hng. Thi gian n nh hp ti thiu 15 ngy.

Kho bo n phi kn, nh sng, rng m bo dung tch cha ng theo yu cu ca sn xut. Trong kho phi c k chc chn, c lt giy hoc vi trc khi xp hp.

Cc l hp xp trong kho phi c th, bng ghi hoc cc phng tin nh du ph hp khc trnh nhm ln.

Kim tra cc ch tiu: cm quan, ha hoc, ha l v vi sinh.

Tin hnh kim tra gm: 1. Kim tra mt ngoi

2. Kim tra bng g m thanh

+ Bi kh

+ kn ca hp

3. Kim tra bng d nhit

4. Kim tra chn khng trong hp

5. Kim tra trong hp

+ Phm cht v trng lng ca thc phm

+ Kim tra pha trong vch hp

+ Kim tra ha hc

+ Kim tra vi sinh vt

9. Dn nhn v bao gi hp

Sau thi gian bo n v kim tra cht lng hp trc khi xut kho phi em dn nhn, ng thng.Nhn Nhn hp phi ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh ca Nh nc. hp ht thi k bo n, kim tra t yu cu mi c tin hnh dn nhn.

Keo dn nhn, mc in nhn khng nh hng ti cht lng v hpSau khi in nhn cc hp c ng trong cc thng carton bo qun hoc chuyn ti ni tiu th

Khi cho hp vo thng phi cng loi sn phm, gia cc hp cn lt mt lp ba cng trnh s va chm, thng cha cng cn in nhn hiu sn phmTrng lp vo v.

Bao b st ty rt d b g st, v vy cn trng lp bo v phng g v tng thm tnh thm m. Dng cc loi sn, vecni chuyn dng sn ngoi hp

Yu cu lp sn hoc vecni bm vo vch hp, c kh nht nh, bng t phai mu v khng c mi l

a. Dn nhn.

Nhn hiu i vi sn phm c nha v cng quan trng v n l n tng u tin p vo mt khch hng v cung cp cho h bit cc thng tin v ni dung hng ha.

Nhn hiu phi m t c c im v thc t ca ni dung bn trong.Nhn hiu phi n gin, r dng, p v d nh. Trn nhn hiu ghi r c s qun l v sn xut.

hp a vo dn nhn phi sch, nguyn vn, khng nt m v kn hon ton. Cc hp b bn sau khi thanh trng phi ra hay phun hi nng, lm kh ri mi a vo dn nhn. Nhng hp cha xut xng ngay cn phi lau sch hp, bi lp du chng g, a vo kho bo qun c th cha cn dn nhn nhay.

Tin hnh dn nhn hp c th dn bng tay hay bng my. Hin nay cc nc sn xut hp pht trin, ngi ta in nhn hiu ngay trn thn hp, va lm cho hp khi b r, bn, va c hnh thc p.Cch thch hin:

Sau khi ngui cc lon s c thi kh bng my.Sau s chuyn n h thng ng date t ng , ng block t ng 10 lon/block (hoc 3 lon/block, lm bng tay) v ng thng 100 lon, 99 lon, 50 lon i vi lon 202x200, lon 307x113: 4 lon hoc 6 lon/ block, 48lon/thng.

Trn thng carton c ghi y tn v a ch ca x nghip, tn sn phm, ngy sn xut.b. ng thng

hp trc khi xut xng c ng vo thng g hay thng ba cng vn chuyn d dng. G ng thng phi nh, chc, m trong khong 12-18%.

Hp xp vo thng khng c ln ln, phi cng loi. Khi xp hp thng gia cc hp cn lt mt tm ba trnh s va chm,, ma st.

Xp hp vo kin, xit ai v in m nhn hiu. Trn ng vn chuyn cn trnh s thay i khng kh t ngt nh ma nng, nng lnh...trnh sc mnh lm bp v hp v lm hng cc thng hng.

10. Lu kho, bo qun, phn phi:

Nguyn liu dng sn xut hp C nc st c tn ti theo ma do vy vic sn xut hp cng mang tnh thi v. Ngoi ra vic sn xut hp cn mang tnh a phng v d min Bc c chua ch c trng vo ma ng...Vi mc ch iu ha phn phi thc phm gia cc vng, gia cc ma cc nh sn xut lun tch tr hp.

Kho bo qun thnh phm hp thu sn phi m bo v sinh, thong mt, kh ro; ngn chn c cn trng v loi gm nhm; c gi, k chc chn xp sn phm theo tng l thun tin cho vic theo di, kim tra v xut nhp.

Trong kho bo qun thnh phm phi c nhit k, m k theo di nhit v m ca kho trong qu trnh bo qun hp.Cc thng carton s c cht ln pallet, mi pallet thnh phm c gn th sn phm lu kho trong thi gian 7 ngy ch kt qu t phng kim sot cht lng

Khi c n t hng, b phn kho s xut hng theo k hoch ca b phn kinh doanh.

a. Phng php ct gi hp

C hai phng php ct gi bo qun hp

+ Xp vo ng theo tng hp mt

+ ng cc hp li thnh tng thng sau xp ng vo kho ct gi.

b. Nhit ct gi hp

hp ct gi trong kho nu iu kin khng tt th rt d b bin i phm cht. Nhit bo qun l yu t c bn gy ra h hng v nhit cao s lm cho kt cu t chc v thnh phn dinh dng ca hp b bin i, thm ch cn gy hin tng phng hp lm nt v hp...

Nhit trong kho bo qun cng thp cng tt nhng khng nn thp qu lm cho thc phm trong hp ng kt li. Nhit ct gi hp tt nht l 0-100C do trong khong nhit ny cc cht dinh dng trong thc phm t b bin i. Nhit cao hn 320C th thnh phn dinh dng b tn tht nhiu. Nhit cao cn nh hng n mu sc v mi v v kt cu t chc ca thc phm.

PHN III. CC DNG H HNG CA HP

hp h hng hay mt phm cht l cc hp cha thc phm bin cht, c th lm hi n sc khe ngi s dng hoc cc bao b c nhng bin i lm nh hng xu n gi tr dinh dng v gi tr thng phm ca hp.

hp h hng do rt nhiu nguyn nhn, c th pht hin qua hnh thc bn ngoi ca bao b hoc phi qua kim tra vi sinh v ha hc mi xc nh c.

Thng phn bit theo 3 nguyn nhn :

3.1. hp h hng do vi sinh vt.

Hin tng hp h hng do vi sinh vt l ph bin nht trong s cc loi hp h hng. Do qu trnh ch bin cha bo m k thut v sinh nh thanh trng cha ng ch , ghp m khng kn, nguyn liu khng tt d b nhim khun, qu trnh ch bin cha m bo v sinh...

Do cc vi sinh vt xm nhp vo hp khi c iu kin thun li pht trin, phn hy cc cht hu c ca thc phm, to ra kh CO2, H2S, NH3... hay tit ra cc c t. C loi vi sinh vt pht trin khng sinh ra cht kh. V vy hp h hng do vi sinh vt c th gy phng hp hay khng gy phng hp nn kh pht hin.

Cc nguyn nhn gy h hng hp do vi sinh vt :

a. Do thanh trng cha ch

Cc hp thanh trng cha nhit v thi gian thanh trng cn thit. Cc vi sinh vt trong hp vn cn sng v pht trin lm sn phm b chua. hp b mt phm cht v c th to thnh cc cht kh lm phng hp hay cc cht c.

Vic thanh trng khng ch c th do:

+Quy trnh vn hnh thit b thanh trng khng ng qui tc

+ Lng khng kh cn li nhiu trong thit b thanh trng

+ Khi xp hp vo gi v xp gi v thit b thanh trng khng ng qui tc

+ Nhim trng qu nhiu do thit b v do cc qu trnh ch bin trc khi thanh trngb. Do lm ngui khng thch hp.

hp sau khi thanh trng vn cn cc vi sinh vt tn ti hu ht l cc vi sinh vt a nhit. Cc vi sinh vt a nhit ny lm hng hp v pht trin nhanh chng nhit khong 49 - 71oC. V vy nu khng lm ngui nhanh hp n nhit thp di khong nhit , th cc vi sinh vt c th pht trin lm h hng hp.

c. Do mi ghp b h.

hp b h c th do my ghp np lm vic khng ng qui tc, hay cc mi hn dc ca bao b khng c kn. Khi thanh trng do p sut trong hp tng ln qu mc, lm h cc mi ghp, vi sinh vt nhim pht trin lm hng hp.

d. Do nhim vi sinh vt gy h hng trc khi thanh trng.

Do cc qu trnh khng ng k thut v ch v sinh thc phm, lm cho vi sinh vt xm nhp v pht trin thc phm trong thi gian ch bin. Thi gian t lc vo hp n lc ghp kn v mang i thanh trng qu lu. Nhit ny l iu kin thch hp cho cc vi sinh vt pht trin v lm hng hp trc khi thanh trng.

3.2. hp h hng do cc hin tng ha hc

hp b hng do cc hin tng ha hc xy ra. C th do cc phn ng gia cc thnh phn ca thc phm vi nhau hay gia cc thnh phn thc phm vi bao b.

Cc phn ng ha hc ny, phn ln lm cho thc phm c mu sc, hng v gim i nhiu. Khi iu kin bo qu khng tt th mc n mn xy ra cao hn.

Bao b bng st ty thng n mn mt trong ca bao b, lp trng thic b n mn tp trung khong b v n su vo.

Lng kim loi nng nhim vo sn phm.Ngoi ra trong qu trnh n mn kh hydro sinh ra lm cho hp b phng thc phm trong hp bim mu v c mi ca kim loi v gy c i vi c th.

Nhit cng cao, s n mn kim loi xy ra cng nhanh. Ty thuc acid ca sn phm, phm cht ca bao b, m hm lng kim loi nng tch t trong sn phm nhiu hay t.

3.3. hp h hng do cc nh hng c l

Xy ra trong qu trnh thanh trng, bo qun v vn chuyn.

a. hp h hng do sai thao tc thit b thanh trng

Trong giai on cui ca qu trnh thanh trng, nu gim p sut hi qu nhanh dn n p sut trong hp chnh lch vi p sut bn ngoi qu nhiu to hin tng cng phng hp, c th b bin dng, h mi ghp....

b. hp h hng do bi kh khng

Trong qu trnh thanh trng bng nhit, cc hp bi kh cha kh cn li trong hp s dn n gy cng phng hp. Cc hp ny sau khi bo qun, thng thy b phng nh, np hp c th n ln xung c.c. hp h hng do xp hp qu y

Khi sn phm xp trong hp qu y trong qu trnh thanh trng sn phm s dn n th tch lm cho hp b phng. Hin tng ny d xy ra hn khi cho sn phm vo hp lc ngui, thanh trng sn phm cng b dn n nhiu.

d. hp h hng v b mp, mo, r

Mt s sn phm hp ng trong bao b st ty kch thc ln, khi ghp kn vi chn khng qu cao, chnh lch p sut ln, bao b st ty mng th d b mo. Hoc khi xp hp vo gi thanh trng v vn chuyn trc khi thanh trng, lm hp b mp, mo, lc p sut trong hp ln, khi thanh trng sn phm dn n s lm cng phng hp, c th lm h mi ghp kn ca hp.

hp vi bao b st ty d c cc vt r: khi bo qun ni m. Khi trn b mt st c cc vt bn ca cht bo, trong qu trnh bo qun, cc cht bo b oxy ha li cc vt r. Hoc hp b thng do cc vt nhn gy ra khi vn chuyn, lc bo qun nc trong hp chy ra v c th gy r cho cc hp chung quanh n.3.4. Cch x l hp h hng

Tt c cc hp c du hiu hng do vi sinh vt gy ra, d hp b phng hay khng b phng, cng u khng th s dng lm thc n. Phi hy b.

Cc hp h hng do hin tng ha hc, nu mc nh th c th ch bin thnh cc sn phm cho gia sc .Nhng khi c mi ca kim loi nhiu, mc nhim kim loi nng cao, th khng th s dng lm thc n.

Cc hp h hng do cc nh hng c l, th v cht lng sn phm c th khng gim. Nhng khng c gi tr hay km gi tr thng phm. C th thay bao b khc, tin hnh nu li, c th x l ch bin thnh cc sn phm ph.

PHN IV: TIU CHUN CA HP

4. Tiu chun h tht TCVN 7048

Khi a ra th trng cung cp cho ngi tiu dng phi t cc yu cu:

4.1. V hnh thc bn ngoi

hp phi c nhn hiu nguyn vn, ngay ngn, sch s, ghi r cc mc : c quan qun l, c s ch bin, tn mt hng, phm cp, ngy sn xut, khi lng tnh v khi lng c b.

Hp st hay cc hp kim loi khc khng b r, np hp khng b phng di mi hnh thc.Nguyn liu:

Tht ti theo quy nh ca

TCVN 7056 : 2002

Tht ng, theo uy nh ca

TCVN 7047 : 20024. 2. Yu cu cm quan ca tht hp

Bng 1: Yu cu cm quan ca th hp

Tn ch tiuYu cu

Trng thic chng cho tng loi sn phm

Mu scc chng cho tng loi sn phm

Mi vc chng cho tng loi sn phm, khng c mi l v c mi thm ca gia v

4. 3. Cc ch tiu ha l

Bng 2: Ch tiu ha l ca hp

Tn ch tiu Gii hn cho php

Ml

1. Ch s peroxyt < 5 ml

2. T l nc /ci Theo tiu chun c cng b ca nh sn xut

Ch s peroxyt l s mililit Na2S2O3 0.002N dng chung ha ht lng peroxyt trong 1kg khng ln hn.4.4. Yu cu bn trong ca hp sau khi m.

Vi loi bao b khng trng vacni mt trong cho php c vt en.

Vi bao b trng vecni mt trong khng c c bt, vt nt, lp vecni ph u, khng b bong, m bo hnh thi, hng v, mu sc c trng ca sn phm theo nhng qui nh ca tng loi sn phm.

4.5. D lng kim loi nng

Khng c vt qu quy nh v hm lng kim loi nng.Bng 3. Bng d lng kim loi nng ca tht hp

Tn ch tiuGii hn ti a

(mg/kg)

1. Ch (Pb) 0.5

2. Cadimi (Cd) 0.05

3. Thic (Sn) 100-200

4. Thy ngn (Hg) 0.03

5. ng (Cu) < 80

m bo cc ch tiu v thnh phn ha hc, ch yu nh nng ng, acid, mui...

4.6. Cc ch tiu vi sinh vt

hp khng h hng do hot ng ca vi sinh vt, khng c vi sinh vt gy bnh, lng tp trng khng qu qui nh.

Bng 4 : Cc ch tiu vi sinh ca tht hp

Tn ch tiu Gii hn ti a

1. Tng s nm men-nm mc, s khun lc trong 1g sn phm0

2. Ecoli, s vi khun trong 1g sn phm0

3. Staphylococcus aureus, s vi khun trong 1g sn phm0

4. Clostridium perfringens, s vi khun trong 1g sn phm0

5. Clostridium botulinum s vi khun trong 1g sn phm0

4.7. D lng thuc th y.

Bng 5: D lng thuc th y ca tht hp

Bng tn ch tiu Gii hn ti a

(mg/kg)

1. H tetraxyclin 0.1

2. H choramphenicolkhng pht hin

4.8. D lng hoocmon

Bng 6: D lng hoocmon trong tht hp

Tn ch tiu Gii hn ti a

(mg/kg)

1. Dietylstylbestrol0.0

2. Testrosterol0.0015

3. Estadiol0.0005

4.9. c t nm mc

Hm lng aflattoxin B1 ca tht hp khng ln hn 0.005 mg/kg

(Aflatoxin l c t vi nm c sn sinh bi mt s loi nm mc Aspergillus. Aflatoxin c xem l tc nhn gy ung th)

4. 10. Ph gia thc phm

Theo quy nh danh mc cc cht ph gia c php s dng trong thc phm ban hnh km theo quyt nh s 3742/2001/Q- BYT

PHN V. MY MC V THIT B

5.1 Thit b

5.1.1. My hp

Thit b c kt hp vi ni hi

Nng xt 400kg/h

Kch thc 6 1.5 1,2 m

5.1.2. My chit dng st

My c s dng rng ri chit cc loi nguyn liu trong cc ngnh cng nghip nh thc phm.

My c bm phun chit vi chnh xc cao, phm vi rng ln iu chnh nh lng.

C th iu chnh dung tch chit cho tt c cc bm chit ti cng thi gian, ng thi cho cc s iu chnh nh ca mi bm chit t ti chnh xc cao.

Thng s k thut

S du chit4

Gii hn chit20 5000 ml

Cc gii hn chit tch hp15 100 ml, 50 250 ml, 200 1000 ml, 500 2500 ml, 1000 5000 ml

Tc chit40 60 lom/ pht

Sai s khi chit15 100 ml: < 1 %

1000 5000 ml: < 0.5 %

p sut khi chit0.4 0.6 Mpa

Lng kh tiu th10m3/h

in ngun cung cp220V 50/60 Hz

Cng sut in ngun0.75 Kw

Trng lng my550 kg

Kch thc bn ngoi1.3 x 1.2 x 1.8 m

5.1.3. My ghp m

My ghp m to mi ghp bn cht m bo trong qu trnh vn chuyn. My ghp vi cng sut 120 hp/ pht.

Thng s k thut

ModelCanco400

C hp50 - 105 mm

Chiu cao hp38 - 150 mm

Cng sut120 hp/pht

Trng lng2400 Kg

Kch thc my0.5 x 0.5 x 2 m

ng c3HP, 3 Pha, 380V

5.1.4. My ra hp sau khi ghp m

Hp sau khi ghp cn ra li m bo v cm quan v cht lng. Nng sut ca thit b l 6000 hp/h.

5.1.5. My tit trng

My s dng nc, hi, khng kh nn

My ny ch yu c s dng cho thc phm ng hp (tht, cm, c, trng, rau v thc phm ng hp).

Thng s k thut

ModelGT7C2400

Nng sut (hp)2400

ng knh trong (mm)1200

Dung tch4.2 m3

Nhit design143

Nhit lm vic126

Khi lng thit b2000 kg

Chiu di4 m

Chiu rn1.6 m

Chiu cao1.9 m

p sut lm vic (Mpa)0.15

p sut design (Mpa)0.3

5.1.6. My in nhn

My in date series MY l thit b in c bit v thch hp in nhn trn b mt giy, mng nha v mng nhm.

V tr in uc iu khin bi thit b in v c th iu chnh tu ngui s dng. Ngoi ra, my cn s dng cng ngh in mic su mu cho ngui s dng la chn nh: en, , vng, xanh nuc bin , trng v xanh da tr. Cc t uc in t my r nt, rt kh ty xo v thay i.

Thng s k thut

ModelMY- 380

in ngun110, 220- 240/ 50-60 Hz

Cng sut180W

Kch thc trc cun in35 x 32 mm

Tc in300 ci / pht

Kch thc ca vt ng giDi : 55-500 mm Rng : 30-300 mm

Kch thc ch khi inKiu ch R type and kiu ch T 2.0 mm 2.5 mm 3.0 mm

K t in5 hng 10 ch ti a 1 hng

V tr iniu chnh trong phm v 60- 250 mm

Trng lng my23 kg

Kch thc my0.44 x 0.34 x 0.26 m

5.1.7. Ni hi

Ni hi t du ng l lch tm

Thng s k thut

Cng sut hi (kg/h)1000

p sut hi ra (bar)10

Nhit hi ra ( 0C)183

Nhit nc cp (0C)25

Tiu hao du Diesel (kg/h)65

Tiu hao du FO (kg/h)71

Tiu hao Gas (kg/h)61

Di (m)3.4

Rng (m)1.6

Cao (m)1.9

Khi lng tnh (kg)4150

Din tch tip nhit (m2)24.7

Th tch cha hi (m3)0.45

Th tch cha nc (m3)1.8

5.2 Dng c

5.2.1. Bng ti

Bng chuyn vn chuyn c, lon, phn loi.

Bng ti vn chuyn lon

Bng ti vn chuyn v phn loi c chua

5.2.3. Bn ra

Thng s k thut

ModelB3N

Kch thc ngn cha600W x 600L x 420H

Kch thc bn ra600W x 1880L x 850H

S lng chu nh3

Vt liuInox

5.2.4. Xe y

Thng s k thut

Model XP 60 80

XP 80 100

Vt liu Thp khng g (SUS 304)

Ti trng500 kg

Cng dng- Dng cha c khi di chuyn trong nha xng

- Bnh xe bng nha trng hoc bng cao su. Cng bnh xe bng thp nhng km hoc bng thp khng g

- Xe c cu to chc chn, d s dng nn an ton khi di chuyn trtong nh xng.

GII THIT SN PHM C NC ST CVi x hi cng nghip ha - hin i ha, ngi ph n khng ch m nhn vai tr ngi ni tr m cn m nhn nhiu vai tr quan trng trong x hi. c bit, ngy cng c nhiu ch em ph n tr thnh nhng nh lnh o trong nhiu lnh vc nh: kinh doanh, chnh tr, gio dc V h khng cn nhiu thi gian chun b cho ba cm gia nh. V h chn nhng loi thc phm ng hp tin li, b dng cho gia nh m vn tit kim c thi gian.Thay cho nhng sn phm c nc st c ng hp truyn thng vi hng v n iu, mu sc nc st t nht, nhng khc c km thm m; sn phm C nc st c ng hp l mt sn phm c hng v, mu sc c trng, nhiu cht dinh dng, tin li v gi c hp l. Tng th tht t nhng con c ti ngon ha quyn vi nc st chua ngt, cay cay cng hng v c trng ca c hnh, bt tiu trng chc chn s mang n cho ngi tiu dng mt hng v kh qun.

Sn phm C nc st c khng ch ph hp vi ba n gia nh m cn ph hp cho nhng bui picnic hay nhng chuyn du lch, va gn nh li d dng s dng. Sn phm ny cn ph hp vi nhng bn hc sinh sinh vin bn rn trong cc ma thi m vn m bo sc khe.

Ch vi khong thi gian ngn v nhng nguyn liu r tin, ngi tiu dng c th ch bin nhiu mn n va ngon va b dng t sn phm c nc st c ng hp.

KT LUN

Vi s pht trin khng ngng ca khoa hc k thut, cuc sng con ngi ngy cng hon thin, thc phm ng hp cng ngy cng th hin c vai tr v tnh cht u vit ca n. Ngy nay cng ngh sn xut hp ngy cng c ci tin, p ng c nhng i hi kht khe v mt an ton v dinh dng ca ngi tiu dng.

Vit Nam l mt quc gia c ngun thy hi sn v cng phong ph y l iu kin rt thun li cho ngnh cng ngh hp pht trin. Hn na ngnh cng ngh hp l mt trong nhng ngnh cng nghip m vn u t t, thu li nhanh, nn vic pht trin ngnh cng nghip ny v ang l mt trong nhng lnh vc rt c nh nc quan tm v thu ht lng vn u t ln ca cc doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc.

Sn phm c nc st c l mt trong nhng sn phm rt c a chung trn th trng, nn vic pht trin sn phm ny ang c tim nng rt ln, mang li gi tr kinh t cao. y l mt xu th ng quan tm trong tng lai.TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Nguyn l sn xut hp thc phm, Nguyn Trng Cn Nguyn L H, NXB Khoa hc v K thut, 2009.2. Cc trang web:

http://dantri.com.vn

http://tailieu.vn http://congnghedohopthucpham.wordpress.comMC LC

LI M U.1

PHN I: TNG QUAN NGUYN LIU3

1.C nc ...3

2. C chua 4

3. Nguyn liu ph 6

3.1. Mui ... 6

3.2. ng tinh luyn 7

3.3. Paprikra .. 8

3.4. Tinh bt bin tnh .. 9

3.5. Bt ngt . 12

3.7. Bt tiu trng 13

3.8. Cramel 14

3.9. C hnh ..15

3.10. Bt t 16

3.11. Nc .17

PHN II: QUY TRNH SN XUT ....18

I. S sn xut 18

II. Thuyt minh quy trnh .19

1. Chun b c nc .....19

1.1. Vn chuyn tip nhn la ch nguyn liu ..19

1.2. p ..19

1.3. Ra 19

1.4. X l s b 20

1.5. D kim loi 20

1.6. Ngm gim 20

1.7. Ngm mui 20

1.8. V lon 21

1.9. Hp v cht nc .22

2. Chun b nc st c .....22

2.1. La chn nguyn liu 22

2.2. Ra ..22

2.3. X ti ...23

2.4. n nng 23

2.5 Ch ..24

2.6. Phi trn 25

2.7. C c 25

3. Vo hp 26

4. Bi kh ..26

5. Ghp m v ra .27

6. Thanh trng .27

7.Lm ngui 29

8. Bo n v kim tra kn sau thanh trng 29

9. Dn nhn .. 30

10. Lu kho 31

CHNG III: CC DNG H HNG CA HP.32

3.1. Do vi sinh vt 32

3.2 Do hin tng ha hc ..... 33

3.3. Do tc nhn vt l ............ 35

CHNG IV: TIU CHUN CA HP............ 35

CHNG V: MY MC V THIT B 40

My mc 40 40

5.1.2. My chit dng st .. 40

5.1.3. My ghp m 42

5.1.4. My ra hp sau khi ghp m 43

5.1.5. My tit trng . 43

5.1.6. My in nhn 44

5.1.7. Ni hi . 46

Dng c 46

Bng ti.... 47

Bn ra ... 49

Xe y ...50

5.1.1. My hp

GII THIT SN PHM 51

KT LUN 52

TI LIU THAM KHO 53Np

Nhn np

hi

Lon rng

Nhn lon rng

Nhn nguyn liu c ti p

C ti

V lon

Ra 2

D kim loi

Nc lm mt

Lu kho,bo qun v phn phi

Lm kh,dn nhn &ng gi

Lm ngui

Thanh trng

Ghp m & sa

V sauce v bi kh

Hp&cht nc

(To:93-100oC.CCT>80oC),Tgian:17-20 p pht

Ct u c (nu c )

Ct u .ui, b rut

Ra 1

R ng

C ng

Bo qun nu c

Nc

C chua

C c

Phi trn

ch

X ti

Ra

un nng

Trang 8

_1337237518.unknown

_1337264571.unknown

_1362980649.unknown

_1362984952.unknown

_1362984970.unknown

_1362980690.unknown

_1337238831.unknown

_1336246408.unknown

_1337231505.unknown

_1336246377.unknown

Quy Trình Sản Xuất Cá Nục Xốt Cà

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